ACADEMIC DIVING MANUAL

Transcription

1 INDIANA UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC DIVING MANUAL May 2009 Revised Edition ACADEMIC DIVING PROGRAM Department of Kinesiology Room 058

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION SECTION TWO: DIVING POLICY PURPOSE Diving Safety Program Academic Diving Manual SCOPE Training and Certification Equipment Diving Regulations ORGANIZATION Diving Control Board The Indiana University Diving Safety Officer (IU-DSO) IU-DSO s responsibilities: Divers SECTION THREE: DIVING CERTIFICATION ELIGIBILITY MEDICAL EVALUATION TYPES OF UNIVERSITY CERTIFICATIONS Scientific Diving Certification Temporary Scientific Diving Certification for Visitors Reciprocity Certification OBTAINING CERTIFICATION Scientific Diving Certification University Scuba Association Denial of Certification Waiver of Specific Requirements DEPTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORIZATION Authorization for 60 Foot Depths (Scientific Diver in Training) Authorization for 100 Foot Depths (Level I Scientific Diver) Authorization for 130 Foot Depths (Level II Scientific Diver) Authorization to Depths Over 130 Feet Environment SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT DIVING IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS MAINTENANCE OF CERTIFICATION Term of Certification Diving Activity Medical Examination Re-certification Revocation Or Restriction Of Certification SECTION FOUR: DIVING EQUIPMENT AND BREATHING AIR DIVING EQUIPMENT SCUBA Regulators Air Tanks Harness and Weight Belts Depth Gauges i

3 4.1.5 Flotation Equipment Dive Computers BREATHING AIR Breathing Air Standards Air Compressors SECTION FIVE: DIVING REGULATIONS CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT AND DEPTH LIMITATION Certification requirement Depth Limitations (In Steps defined as: 60 feet, 100 feet, over 190 feet) DIVER RESPONSIBILITIES Safety Emergencies DIVING PROCEDURES Predive Dive Post Dive DIVING RECORDS Diving Plans Diving Log Medical Records Safe Practices Manual REPORTS OF ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS SECTION SIX: MEDICAL STANDARDS GENERAL CONDITIONS OF RESTRICTION FROM DIVING Absolute Medical Contraindications To Diving Temporary And/Or Relative Contraindications To Diving FREQUENCY OF MEDICAL EVALUATIONS INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN PHYSICIAN'S WRITTEN REPORT CONTENT OF DIVING MEDICAL EVALUATIONS General and diving medical history (See Appendix 2) Diving physical examination signed by a physician (see Appendix 2) Additional tests the physician may deem necessary; OTHER DECLARATION STATEMENTS AND FORMS SECTION SEVEN: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES RESPONSIBILITY GENERAL PROCEDURES PREREQUISITES FOR STAFF FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND LOCATION Items located in the Scuba Teaching Pool 194 Area: Items required on location for open water activities: EMERGENCY PERSONNEL EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION ii

4 7.7 ROLES OF FIRST RESPONDER VENUE DIRECTIONS On Campus Off Campus SCUBA EMERGENCY SUPPORT INFORMATION APPENDIX 1: SCIENTIFIC DIVER APPLICATION APPENDIX 2: MEDICAL HISTORY STATEMENT, MEDICAL EXAMINATION FORM AND PHYSICIANS GUIDELINES APPENDIX 3: STATEMENTS OF UNDERSTANDING APPENDIX 4: LIABILITY RELEASE STATEMENTS APPENDIX 5: INCIDENT REPORT FORMS APPENDIX 6: DIVING CONTROL BOARD MEMBERSS APPENDIX 7: DEFINITIONS OF TERMS iii

5 1 SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION The purpose of a diving safety program is to ensure that all scuba diving under the auspices of Indiana University is conducted in a manner designed to minimize accidental injury and illness. The Indiana University Academic Diving Manual (IU ADM) is written to formalize scuba diving procedures as they relate to University activities. The IU ADM is based on accepted scientific and recreational diving standards as applied to institutional diving programs and is the result of five revisions of standards and policy by the appointed IU Diving Control Board (IU DCB). The IU ADM describes diving policy, certification criteria, equipment requirements, diving regulations, medical standards, and emergency procedures to assure diver safety under appropriate diving conditions. Major institutional diving programs manuals were used as models for the IU ADM. These included, but are not limited to the following organizations: Smithsonian Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Florida State University, University of Michigan, American Academy of Underwater Sciences, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This manual is not copyrighted. Institutions are encouraged to review this manual for application to their specific institutional diving requirements. 1

6 2.1 PURPOSE 2 SECTION TWO: DIVING POLICY To define Indiana University s (IU) diving policy based on recognized, safe diving standards for institutionally sanctioned diving activities Diving Safety Program IU recognizes the value of diving as a tool for education and research in the underwater environment. In support of such activities, IU shall maintain a diving safety program to encourage use of the tool where appropriate by trained individuals and to ensure that all diving carried out under the auspices of any IU component is conducted in a manner to minimize accidental injury and illness Academic Diving Manual The Indiana University Academic Diving Manual (IU ADM) sets forth basic underwater diving safety policy, regulations and procedures for safety of educational and research diving operations. 2.2 SCOPE Underwater diving under the auspices of any IU component is defined as all scuba diving carried out in connection with any research, academic instruction, or training and certification activity. Such diving shall be designated below as diving carried out "under IU auspices", and such terms as "IU certification", IU certified, or "IU approval" shall relate to procedures or actions set forth in this document for all IU components Training and Certification All diving under IU auspices shall conform to the certification standards set forth in Section Two of this guide or visitor diving regulations Equipment All diving under IU auspices shall be done with equipment, whether IU or privately owned, that conforms to the standards set forth in Section Three of this guide Diving Regulations IU Diving regulations shall be observed at all locations, whether IU owned or not, where diving is carried out under IU auspices. However, additional 2

7 administrative requirements may be imposed to govern specific situations existing on other campuses. 2.3 ORGANIZATION The Director of the Academic Diving Program is responsible for all scuba activities conducted under the auspices the IU Academic Diving Program Diving Control Board The Indiana University Diving Control Board (IU-DCB) is a committee selected by the Director of the Academic Diving Program IU-DCB Composition IU faculty and/or staff who are familiar with the scuba diving activities at Indiana University can be members of the IU-DCB. The majority of them must be University certified divers and it is recommended that it includes one person not actively involved in the University Diving Program. The Indiana University Diving Safety Officer (IU-DSO) is an ex-officio member IU-DCB Appointment The Board Members shall be appointed for a term of three years IU-DCB Responsibilities Advise IU-DSO and the University administration on all policy matters concerning scientific and recreational diving. Recommend general diving policies and procedures to the University administration. Undertake periodic review of the general program and review all reports of accidents and dangerous incidents and recommend corrective actions. Hear any appeals of the IU-DSO(s) decisions at the request of the affected party or parties. Actively promote policies and practices that improve the quality and safety of the Diving Program. 3

8 2.3.2 The Indiana University Diving Safety Officer (IU-DSO) IU-DSO shall be a diver with experience in diving safety and shall have a nationally recognized instructional certification of Divemaster or higher. The IU-DSO shall report to the chair of the IU-DCB and be responsible for implementation and administration of the safety program, for all diving under IU auspices IU-DSO s responsibilities: Divers Administration of registration, medical and other clearances, evaluation dives, and written examinations for certification of divers; Approval of diver training and safety instruction programs, and depth certification for divers; Advising and disseminating information to academic units and diving participants on regulations, equipment standards, emergency procedures and other pertinent information; Coordinating activities and investigating injuries or dangerous incidents arising from diving; Maintaining diving records, medical clearances, diving certifications, logs, and files on incident reports. Authorizing variances for special types of diving including decompression dives; Reporting to the IU-DCB and others as required and recommending any necessary changes in diving policies and procedures; Making periodic inspections, and as authorized, restrict or suspend unsafe diving operations, and; Designate dive site supervisors at various locations to oversee all aspects of the diving operation affecting the safety and health of dive team members. Appropriate procedures shall be established by the administration for ensuring that all faculty, staff, and students involved in diving, whether advising or supervising, understand the IU ADM and that all diving activities conform to the regulations described in this manual. All University certified divers, whether resident or visiting, who will be diving under University auspices shall inform the IU-DSO of planned diving operations and their diving activities have to conform to regulations set forth in this manual. 4

9 3 SECTION THREE: DIVING CERTIFICATION 3.1 ELIGIBILITY Only persons diving under University auspices are eligible for University certification. All diving certifications shall be verified by the IU-DSO. 3.2 MEDICAL EVALUATION Each candidate for diving certification shall submit to the IU-DSO an RSTC medical statement (see A-3). If required by RSTC rules described in the medical statement, the candidate has to consult a physician. Prior to breathing compressed air under University auspices, the candidate has to provide the IU-DSO with a statement signed by a physician regarding the diver s suitability for diving. 3.3 TYPES OF UNIVERSITY CERTIFICATIONS Any person diving under University auspices shall be an active candidate for University certification or have one of the following certifications: Scientific Diving Certification This is an authorization to dive valid only while current and for the purposes intended. The certification shall include the date of most recent required medical clearance, depth to which the diver is authorized to dive, an expiration date and any specialized training Temporary Scientific Diving Certification for Visitors This is a temporary authorization to dive with the concurrence of the IU-DSO. The diver shall provide evidence of University required diving forms, proficiency and medical fitness. The temporary certification shall be useable only for the period specified and with any restrictions indicated Reciprocity Certification This is an authorization for a person, from an organization with which the University has reciprocal recognition of training and certification, to dive. The diver shall submit 5

10 his credentials to the IU-DSO and provide evidence of University required diving proficiency and medical fitness. The non-university diver may be required to perform an open water evaluation dive, and pass a knowledge exam. 3.4 OBTAINING CERTIFICATION Scientific Diving Certification A person may qualify to obtain a University certification by submitting appropriate documentation to the IU-DSO. The requirements include: Scientific Diver Application Medical Statement and Physician s Examination Additional training at or above Open Water certification Swimming and skin diving evaluation Pool training Ocean or other open water skill check-out dive Written examination Proof of 25 Logged dives Diver safety training (including CPR, first aid, and O2 administration) Nationally recognized scuba certification The University shall provide training and evaluation of knowledge and skills necessary to obtain Scientific Diving Certification University Scuba Association A person may become a member of University Scuba Association by completing all appropriate knowledge, skills, and open water training as required by recreational dive industry educational associations for national scuba certification and submitting appropriate documentation to the IU-DSO. In addition to sport diving certification, completed medical statement, liability release forms and diving activity profile must be on file with the IU-DSO. The IU-DSO may require demonstration of knowledge, skills open water evaluation, and medical history examination, if in the opinion of the Diving Safety Officer, any of these conditions may affect the personal safety of the diver or the diver's buddy under diving conditions. Submission of these documents does not automatically result in membership. In each case candidates shall demonstrate the level of proficiency, determined by the IU- DSO. 6

11 3.4.3 Denial of Certification Any candidate for certification, who in the judgment of the Director of Academic Diving Program is deemed unsuitable, may be denied certification Waiver of Specific Requirements If a candidate for certification can show evidence of previous qualifying experience or training, the candidate may be granted a waiver for specific requirements of training and experience. The requirements shall not in any case be waived for diver registration, medical clearance, and written examination. 3.5 DEPTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORIZATION The holder of the SCUBA Diving Certification is authorized to dive to the depths indicated by the certification Authorization for 60 Foot Depths (Scientific Diver in Training) A diver during training or evaluation dives will be limited to 60 feet deep dives for a minimum of 25 logged dives and a minimum total bottom time of 6 hours. A Scientific Diver in Training may dive deeper than 60 feet if accompanied by a University Scientific Diver and approved by the IU-DSO Authorization for 100 Foot Depths (Level I Scientific Diver) A diver may be authorized to dive to a depth of 100 feet after successfully completing a minimum of 25 logged dives and received training in Deep Diving procedures, for a minimum total bottom time of 6 hours. The diver shall be accompanied by another Scientific Diver certified by the University to dive to 100 feet or more. The diver shall also demonstrate proficiency in the use of the Recreational Dive Planner (RDP) and dive computers Authorization for 130 Foot Depths (Level II Scientific Diver) A diver may be authorized to dive to a depth of 130 feet after successfully completing a minimum of 25 logged dives with 12 of those dives being to a depth of or near 100 feet, for a total time of 8 hours. The diver shall be accompanied by another Scientific Diver certified by the University to dive to 130 feet or more. The diver shall also demonstrate proficiency in the use of the Recreational Dive Planner (RDP) and dive computers. 7

12 3.5.4 Authorization to Depths Over 130 Feet It is not recommended that divers exceed a depth of 130 feet. Such dives require prior written release from the Diving Control Board with special permission and diving safety plan approved by the IU-DSO Environment A diver has to have a level of proficiency in the environmental conditions under which the diver is expected to work effectively. If, in the opinion of the IU-DSO, the conditions are hazardous, the diver will have to meet additional requirements prior to participation in the activity. INSERT CAVERN HERE: 3.6 SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT Use of specialized equipment, such as diving computers, dry suits, surface supplied air, underwater communication systems, remote sensing and video/photographic documentation equipment shall require proper training and demonstration of skills prior to use under diving conditions. 3.7 DIVING IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Participation in dives in hazardous environmental conditions including, but not limited cold water, zero visibility, strong current, soft mud, no visible bottom, hazardous marine animals, deep water, blue water, and ice can be limited for divers at the discretion of the IU-DSO. Additionally, IU-DSO reserves the right to require: Stronger than average watermanship ability of the diver Minimum 50 logged dives under varied conditions. For dry-suit usage: (a) must be within size-weight range for proper fit, (b) one pool session with inverted position and scuba rescue is required, in addition to one open water dive. Prior diving experience in hazardous environmental conditions. 8

13 3.8 MAINTENANCE OF CERTIFICATION Term of Certification Additional Training All University certifications issued by the Recreational Dive Industry are subject to expiration based on industry standards. However, University authorization for diving shall expire one year from the date of the last medical examination, or 12 months from the date of the last logged dive. All University Scientific Divers shall submit proof of current training in CPR, First Aid, and Oxygen Administration Diving Activity Medical Examination During any 12 months period, each certified diver shall normally log a total of 12 dives. At least one dive to the depth of certification shall be made during each 12 month period. Prior to any dives 100 feet and deeper, work-up dives specified by the IU-DSO to a shallower depth must have been made during the previous 30 day period. All University certified divers shall submit the appropriate medical evaluation report on an annual basis or after a major illness or injury, which if required is signed by a licensed physician attesting to the candidate s medical fitness for diving examination Re-certification If a diver's certification expires or is revoked a diver may be recertified after complying with such conditions as the IU-DSO may impose Revocation Or Restriction Of Certification A diving certificate may be revoked or restricted by the IU-DSO due to violation of any regulations in this Manual. The diver shall be informed of the reasons for such action and will be given an opportunity to present the diver's case to the DCB. 9

14 4 SECTION FOUR: DIVING EQUIPMENT AND BREATHING AIR 4.1 DIVING EQUIPMENT These regulations shall cover the use of SCUBA and skin diving equipment. The use of equipment such as hookah, rebreathing apparatus, mixed gas or any other diving equipment shall require special training and permission from the IU-DSO SCUBA Regulators All scuba regulators used under University auspices, whether University or privately owned, shall be inspected and tested before initial use and at 12 month intervals thereafter by a manufacturer approved service repair technician. Manufacturer's recommended service policy shall be followed in necessary maintenance. A record of inspections and maintenance shall be kept by the owner available for audit by the IU-DSO. All scuba regulators must have a submersible pressure gauge, alternate air source and low pressure inflator on all dives Air Tanks All air tanks used under University auspices, whether University or privately owned, shall bear a valid hydro-test date and shall be tested in accordance with Department of Transportation regulations. Before initial use of any tank for diving and at 12 months intervals thereafter the tank has to be visually inspected by a University approved technician. The owner is responsible for keeping a record of tank inspection, tests and maintenance and making it available for audit by the IU-DSO Harness and Weight Belts All air tank harnesses and weight belts shall have quick-release devices designed to permit jettisoning the entire gear. The quick-release device shall operate easily with either hand. Persons using harnesses and weight belts shall regularly examine the gear and any defective gear shall be repaired or replaced before further use Depth Gauges 10

15 All depth gauges used under University auspices, whether University or privately owned, shall be inspected and tested before first use and every 12 months thereafter. Inaccurate gauges shall not be used until repaired. The owner is required to keep a record of tests and repairs and to make it available for audit by the IU-DSO Flotation Equipment All buoyancy compensator devices used under University auspices, whether University or privately owned, shall be inspected and tested before initial use and at 12 month intervals thereafter by a factory approved service repair technician. These devices must have a mechanically activated inflation source independent of the breathing supply, an oral inflation device, and an exhaust valve. Flotation vests and buoyancy compensators shall be capable of maintaining the diver on the surface in a face up position Dive Computers All dive computers used under University auspices, whether University, or privately owned, shall be inspected and tested at regular intervals as recommended by the manufacturers. Dive computers are to be used for nondecompression diving unless specified in a dive plan and approved by the IU- DSO. Individual use of dive computers is subject to approval by IU-DSO. 4.2 BREATHING AIR Breathing Air Standards All breathing air for SCUBA use shall meet standard diving specifications. Breathing air from University approved commercial sources shall be certified by the supplier as suitable for breathing according to these specifications, or it shall be tested before use Air Compressors 11

16 All diving air compressors used under University auspices, whether University or privately owned, shall meet American Society of Mechanical Engineers standards. All diving air compressors shall be inspected and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's service policy. The inspection shall take place at least once every six (6) months All compressor installations shall comply with the following: Air intake shall be provided with a filter and be located to insure a supply of clean air, free from contamination by fumes, smoke, etc Discharged compressed air shall be passed to the compressed air filler through frequently cleaned and recharged filters designed to remove dust, oil droplets and water, and to minimize other contaminants Oil lubricated compressor cylinders and coolers shall be well ventilated or otherwise cooled, or the operation cycled to insure against the high temperatures at which carbon monoxide is formed from the oil A log shall be kept by the compressor operator showing operational hours, repair, overhaul, filter maintenance, and results of regular air analysis. Logs shall be available for audit by the IU-DSO. 12

17 5 SECTION FIVE: DIVING REGULATIONS 5.1 CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT AND DEPTH LIMITATION Certification requirement No person shall engage in diving under University auspices unless she holds at least one certification specified in Section Two of this Guide Depth Limitations (In Steps defined as: 60 feet, 100 feet, over 190 feet) A diver shall not exceed a depth of authorization by more than one step. No diver shall exceed the depth of diver s certification unless accompanied by a diver authorized to dive to a greater depth. No diver shall supervise more than one diver who is exceeding the authorized depth unless all divers are authorized to dive to 100 feet. 5.2 DIVER RESPONSIBILITIES Safety ULTIMATE RESPONSIBILITY FOR SAFETY RESTS WITH THE INDIVIDUAL. It is the diver's responsibility and privilege to refuse to dive, if in his judgment, conditions are unsafe or unfavorable, or he would be violating the dictates of his training, or he would be violating the regulations in this guide Emergencies In emergencies, when danger to life or major environmental damage is probable, and when immediate action is necessary, the diver may, at his own discretion, violate the regulations in this Manual. A written report of all such incidents shall be submitted to the IU-DSO explaining the circumstances and justification for actions taken. 5.3 DIVING PROCEDURES 13

18 5.3.1 Predive Diving Flag A diving flag, red with diagonal white stripe, shall be prominently displayed at the dive site whenever diving is conducted in an area where boat t traffic is likely Flotation Device On every dive, all divers shall wear an adequate floatation device or buoyancy compensator. (SEE Section 3.15) Emergency Aid Information An emergency aid list shall be kept at the dive location containing ways to contact: An operational decompression chamber or Divers Alert Network. Accessible hospitals Available physicians Available means of transportation The nearest U.S. Coast Guard Rescue Center First Aid Supplies First aid supplies, Oxygen, and manuals prescribed by the IU-DSO and consulting physicians, must be at the dive site Standby Diver All dive teams and surface supplied divers shall be backed up by a standby dive team at the dive location Person-in-Charge 14

19 One diver of the team or the standby diver shall always be designated as the lead diver or person-in-charge whose responsibilities are: To plan and assess the diver taking into consideration -diving mode -surface and underwater conditions and hazards -breathing gas supply (including reserves) -thermal protection -diving equipment and systems -dive team assignments and physical condition of dive team members -repetitive dive designation of dive team members -decompression and treatment procedures -emergency procedures To conduct a predive briefing on: -the tasks to be undertaken -safety procedures for the diving mode -any unusual hazards or environmental conditions likely to effect the safety of the diving operation -any modification to operating procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation To inquire into the dive team members current state of physical fitness, and indicate to the dive team member(s) the procedure for reporting physical problems or adverse physiological effect during and after the dive Recompression Chamber Dives to over 132 and decompression dives must be made with the dive location less than sixty minutes from a recompression chamber or with written approval of the Diving Control Board Emergency Procedures Each diver shall be held responsible for knowing and following the emergency procedures as prescribed by IU-DSO. 15

20 5.3.2 Dive Partner Distance Range The partner distance range separating one diver from another may vary with time, depth, and circumstances. The distance shall not exceed one fourth the limits of visual contact or, during dives in low visibility, actual physical contact is required Deep and Repetitive Dives During all SCUBA dives each of the members of a diving pair shall have a timing device and a depth gauge Decompression Dives Decompression dives shall be prohibited without special permission from the IU-DSO. Current U.S. Navy Standard Air Decompression Tables and Repetitive Dive Tables or approved diving computers shall be followed during all diving operations to ensure that all dives are within the No decompression Limits Entrance and Exit A means capable of supporting the diver shall be provided for entering and exiting the water from vessels with freeboard greater than 36 inches. The means for exiting the water shall extend below the water surface. A means shall be provided to assist an injured diver from the water Dive Termination The dive shall be termination when reserve breathing supply is required or when per any member s of the diving pair request Depth Time Profile A depth time profile must be kept for each dive. 16

21 5.3.3 Post Dive The person-in-charge shall: -check the physical condition of the diver(s) -instruct divers to report physical problems or adverse effects including symptoms of decompression sickness -advise divers of location of decompression chamber -advise divers on danger of flying after diving -on decompression dives and on dives deeper than 100 fsw, instruct the diver(s) to remain awake and in the general vicinity for at least one hour after the dive. 5.4 DIVING RECORDS Diving Plans The IU-DSO shall be notified of any new diving activity or continued projects requiring diving. This shall apply particularly to diving in remote areas or under unusual circumstances Diving Log Each diver shall log every dive made under University auspices. Divers are encouraged to log all other dives, including recreational dives. Copies of log sheets shall be submitted annually to the IU-DSO. The Diving Log shall include at least the following: Name of diver Name of buddy Date, environment, depth, and dive location Time in, bottom time, time out Purpose of dive Detailed report of any accident or potentially dangerous incident, including any time of diver separation Decompression table designation 17

22 Repetitive dive designation Medical Records Medical records are to be kept for five years. The RSTC Medical Statement and Physicians Guidelines are the adopted forms required for all academic diving (See Appendix). An RSTC Medical Statement is required every semester. A valid (less then one year old) medical evaluation is required for all research diving. A valid (less then one year old) medical physician s statement is required for recreational diving under the University auspices when stipulated by the rules described in the RSTC Medical Statement Safe Practices Manual NOAA Diving Manual is the current safe diving practices manual kept on file at the Office of Underwater Science. 5.5 REPORTS OF ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS Any accident that requires medical attention shall be reported by the injured diver and his dive buddy to the IU-DSO and the medical member of the IU-DCB who may investigate further. In case of decompression sickness, this investigation shall evaluate and examine each incident of decompression based on the recorded information, consideration of the past performance of the decompression table used, and individual susceptibility. The IU-DSO and the medical member of the IU-DCB shall take appropriate actions. Any fatality or accident requiring hospitalization shall be investigated by the IU-DSO who shall be responsible for complete reporting. Any incident involving a serious malfunction of equipment or a rescue of an endangered diver shall be reported by the divers involved to the IU-DSO who may investigate further. 18

23 6 SECTION SIX: MEDICAL STANDARDS 6.1 GENERAL The IU-DCB shall determine that dive team members who are exposed to hyperbaric conditions have passed a current diving medical evaluation, appropriate for the University Certification level, and have been declared by the IU-DSO to be fit to engage in diving activities as may be limited or restricted in the medical evaluation report. All medical examinations required by this standard shall be performed by, or under the direction of, a licensed physician of the applicant-diver's choice, preferably one trained in diving/hyperbaric medicine. The diver shall be free of any acute or chronic disabling disease or condition and be free of any diseases and/or conditions contained in the list of diseases and/or conditions for which restrictions from diving are generally recommended. (See Section 5.3) 6.2 CONDITIONS OF RESTRICTION FROM DIVING A reference source is Davis, J. (Ed.) Medical Examination of Sport SCUBA Divers. Best Publishing, PO Box 1978, San Pedro, CA 90733). It is recommended that any examining physician have this resource available. (Bracketed numbers are pages in Davis that explain condition) Absolute Medical Contraindications To Diving Any condition or past history indicating person is subject to spontaneous pneumothorax or air embolism, i.e. (but not limited to), a. Past history of spontaneous pneumothorax (36), b. Active (or adult) asthma, c. Exercise or cold induced asthma (36, 37), d. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (37), e. X-ray or other evidence of pulmonary blebs, bullae or crysts (36, 37) and active pulmonary tuberculosis Any condition or past history indicating person is subject to uncontrolled, spontaneous or episodic loss of consciousness, i.e. (but not limited to), a. History of seizures or epilepsy, excepting proven "febrile 19

24 seizures of childhood" with a normal awake and sleep electroencephalogram (21). b. History of severe head injury with sequelae (21), c. History of cerbrovascular accident or transientcebralischemi episodes (23). Alcohol, drug, or other substance abuse (19,20) Any condition requiring continuous or frequent medication with a. Drugs which inhibit the normal cardiovascular response to exercise (31), b. Mood-altering drugs (19, 20), and c. Narcotics Any history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or diet/oral medicationcontrolled diabetes mellitus if there is history of hypoglycemic episodes (38) Pregnancy (1,45) Significant cardiovascular disease, i.e., (but not limited to), a. History of myocardial infarction (28, 29, 30), b. Uncontrolled hypertension or hypertension with significant end-organ damage (30), c. Pathological conduction defects, d. Pathological or symptomatic dysrythmias, e. Pacemakers (33), f. Angina (29), g. Aortic or mitral stenosis (32), h. Unrepaired cardiac septal defects 933), and i. Peripheral vascular disease, arterial or venous, adequate to limit exercise tolerance (33, 41) Psychosis or other significant or active psychiatric disease, i.e., (but not limited to): a. Claustrophobia of a degree to predispose to a panic state, b. Suicidal ideation (16), c. Severe depression (16), and 20

25 d. Manic states (16) Significant otolaryngological condition or disease, i.e., (but not limited to), a. Perforated tympanic membrane (7), b. Inability to autoinflate the middle ear (6, 7, 8), c. Chronic vertiginous conditions (Meniere's disease, etc.)(11), d. Stapedectomy and middle ear prosthesis (9), e. Chronic mastoiditis or mastoid fistula (5), and f. External ear exostoses or osteomas of a severity that prevents external ear canal pressure equilibration (4) Any oral or maxillofacial deformity that interferes with retention of the regulator mouthpiece (43) Corrected near visual acuity not adequate to read cylinder pressure gauge, watch, decompression tables and compass underwater and uncorrected visual acuity not adequate to see the diving buddy or locate the boat in case corrective lenses are lost underwater (13) Recent (within 3 months) ocular surgery (14) Significant and/or chronic neurological condition or disease, i.e. (but not limited to), a. demyelinating CNS processes (25), b. history of spinal cord trauma with any residual, objective neurological deficit (23), c. brain tumor (24), d. intracranial surgery (24), e. intracranial aneurysm or other vascular malformation (24), and f. migraine or other headache which is incapacitating at any time (20). 21

26 Unexplained or significant uncorrected anemia, sickle cell disease, polycythemia and leukemia (34) Any condition causing air trapping anywhere in the person's body (until corrected) Severe symptomatic or severe chronic gastrointestinal disease (39) Severe, abnormal endocrine conditions or disease which would interfere with normal oxygen carrying capacity or response to stress Temporary And/Or Relative Contraindications To Diving These include, but are not limited to, some conditions not requiring medical treatment from a physician, conditions which may be aggravated by diving and conditions which may only be a contraindication for diving in "medically remote" locations: Nasal or upper respiratory congestion due to "hay fever", "colds", etc. is a contraindication to diving until the free passage of air and the ability to clear ears is restored External otitis with discharge or drainage Acute gastrointestinal disturbances Draining skin lesions and severe rashes Febrile illnesses Pulmonary forced vital capacity (FVC) less than 75% of predicted and/or 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV 1) less than 80% of predicted and/or a ratio of actual FEV 1/FVC less than 70%, as demonstrated by standard pulmonary function testing Audiometric demonstration of a Standard Threshold Shift ("STS", as defined by OSHA in CFR, Title 29 XVII, Part 1910, Subpart G, 36 FR 10466, 5/29/71; amended 48 FR , 3/8/83) in either or both ears when compared to a baseline audiogram (initial IU diving medical examination), that is persistent and has continued to increase, as determined by a subsequent annual or interval 22

27 audiogram (unless appropriate otolaryngological evaluation determines a non-diving related cause for the hearing loss and states that it will not be aggravated by further diving activity). 6.3 FREQUENCY OF MEDICAL EVALUATIONS Medical evaluation shall be completed when: The diving medical evaluation intervals include (a) an initial diving medical evaluation, followed by a medical evaluation every 3 years to age 60, and every 2 years thereafter; Before a diver may dive in the open water environment, unless an equivalent evaluation has been submitted within the specified interval. The IU-DCB (or diverapplicant) must submit the results of that evaluation to the IU-DSO for review; After any injury, illness, or surgery requiring hospitalization for more than 24 hours; After any episode of unconsciousness; After diving accident resulting in an injury requiring medical treatment, type I or type II decompression sickness, or barotrauma. 6.4 INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THE EXAMINING PHYSICIAN The IU-DSO shall provide a copy of the medical guidelines to the examining physician upon request (Appendix 2). When an evaluation is related to a diving accident, or any injury or illness requiring medical evaluation before diving, the IU-DSO shall provide the examining physician and the IU-DSO with the accident investigation report and/or all available information relevant to the medical treatment of the diver. 6.5 PHYSICIAN'S WRITTEN REPORT Any medical evaluation required by this standard shall be submitted to the IU-DSO who shall provide the IU-DCB with a recommendation as to whether the individual should be certified unconditionally as an IU-Scientific Diver, be certified as a "Restricted Activity IU-Scientific Diver" (including any restrictions or limitations), or be rejected. In the event the diver does not agree with these recommendations, the matter shall be referred to the IU-DCB for a final decision. Diver medical evaluation reports shall be kept with all IU medical records by the IU-DSO following the applicable federal and local regulations and guidelines for storage and release of IU employee (and other) medical records. The IU-DSO, upon diver s written request, shall provide copies of that individual's diving medical records. 23

28 6.6 CONTENT OF DIVING MEDICAL EVALUATIONS Diving medical evaluations conducted both initially and periodically, shall consist of all of the following: General and diving medical history (See Appendix 2) Diving physical examination signed by a physician (see Appendix 2) Additional tests the physician may deem necessary; The original or copies of the above shall be submitted to the IU-DSO for final medical certification and filing. 6.7 OTHER DECLARATION STATEMENTS AND FORMS Any person diving under University auspices shall also submit to the IU-DSO, before Medical History Statement, and Diving Liability Statement and Assumption of Risk The above documents shall be current and valid for a year, from the date of submission. If any information previously provided within the period of validity is amended, or if there is any change in status, new forms must be submitted. 24

29 7 SECTION SEVEN: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES In the event of an emergency, this section describes the initial responsibilities and actions to be taken to protect all employees until the appropriate university or agency responders take over. 7.1 RESPONSIBILITY It is a requirement that the employer review with each employee upon their initial assignment, those parts of the plan that the employee must know to protect her/himself in the event of an emergency. In addition, the written plan shall be made available for employees to review and prepare for their duties 7.2 GENERAL PROCEDURES It is impossible to provide specific information for all situations. Therefore, this plan is a guide for employees to familiarize themselves with basic emergency planning, response and evaluation. 7.3 PREREQUISITES FOR STAFF Instructors must be certified as professional members of the recreational dive industry (Divemaster, Assistant Instructor, Open Water Instructor or above), and instructors and staff must be certified in CPR, and familiar with first aid, boat safety, swimming, communications, and local weather conditions. 7.4 FIRST AID EQUIPMENT AND LOCATION Items located in the Scuba Teaching Pool 194 Area: -First Aid Kit -Oxygen System -Back Board -Cervical Collars Items required on location for open water activities: -First Aid Kit -Oxygen System -Back Board -Cervical Collars 7.5 EMERGENCY PERSONNEL Charles Beeker Director PADI Master Instructor Robert Kessler PAIP PADI OW and EFR Instructor Nicole Wiegand PAIP PADI OW, EFR, DAN O2, EANx Instructor Fritz Hanselmann Research Associate, PADI OW and EFR Instructor 25

30 Trained Staff Members: 7.6 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION Fixed telephone line in Scuba training pool 194 (812) Fixed telephone line in Academic Diving Program Office (812) ROLES OF FIRST RESPONDER Take immediate care of the injured or ill Retrieve emergency equipment Activate of emergency medical system (EMS) 911 call (there may be a 10 second delay) Provide the following information Name: (Your Name) Indiana University Academic Diving Program Bloomington, IN Address: 1025 East 7th Street HPER Building Pool 194 Bloomington, IN Telephone number: Scuba Training Pool Academic Diving Program Number of individuals injured Condition of injured First aid treatment Specific directions Other Information as requested Direct oems to scene Give on campus location for access of HPER Pool 194 Designate individual to "flag down" EMS and direct to scene Control the scene: Limit scene to first aid providers and move bystanders away from area 26

31 7.8 VENUE DIRECTIONS On Campus IU Scuba Training Pool 194 is located in the southwest corner of the HPER Building, 1025 East 7 th Street. From Downtown Bloomington: Travel east on 7 th Street to IU campus security booth. Proceed to straight to first left loading access ramp to HPER Building. Left up loading dock ramp to HPER loading circle. Proceed west on sidewalk emergency vehicle access to southwest HPER entrance. Exit vehicle and proceed up 8 stairs into HPER hallway. Turn first left and proceed through double doors to HPER Pool Off Campus Emergency support directions to the various off-campus scuba training locations will be provided to the on-site person in charge, and on file in the Academic Diving Program. 7.9 SCUBA EMERGENCY SUPPORT INFORMATION Diver s Alert Network (DAN)

32 APPENDIX 1: SCIENTIFIC DIVER APPLICATION 28

33 APPENDIX 2: MEDICAL HISTORY STATEMENT, MEDICAL EXAMINATION FORM AND PHYSICIANS GUIDELINES 32

34 APPENDIX 3: STATEMENTS OF UNDERSTANDING 39

35 APPENDIX 4: LIABILITY RELEASE STATEMENTS 43

36 APPENDIX 5: INCIDENT REPORT FORMS 52

37 APPENDIX 6: DIVING CONTROL BOARD MEMBERSS 61

38 APPENDIX 7: DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 63