Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Breathing and Exchange of Gases"

Transcription

1 183 Breathing and Exchange of Gases 1. Skin is an accessory organ of respiration in (a) humans (b) frog (c) rabbit (d) lizard Frog has lungs as its main respiratory organs but during hibernation & aestivation and during its habitat in water it respires through skin. 2. The alveolar epithelium in the lungs is [1990] (a) nonciliated columnar (b) nonciliated squamous (c) ciliated columnar (d) ciliated squamous The very thin alveolar wall (about mm) is composed of moist, nonciliated, squamous epithelial cells. 3. Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to respiratory surface by only [1993] (a) plasma and erythrocytes (b) plasma (c) erythrocytes (d) erythrocytes and leucocytes CO 2 from the respiratory tissues to the lungs is transported by the blood in 3 ways: (i) In dissolved state or as a physical solution: Very small amount physically dissolved in plasma (7% i.e. 0.3 ml of CO 2 by each 100 ml of blood) (ii) Bicarbonate ions: 70% (i.e. 2.5 ml per 100 ml of blood) CO 2 diffuses in plasma & then into RBCs where it (in the presence of carbonic anhydrase) combines with H 2 O to form carbonic acid which is almost spontaneously dissociated into hydrogen ion & bicarbonate ions. (iii) Carbaminohaemoglobin: 23% (i.e. 1 ml of CO 2 per 100 ml of blood) combines with haemoglobin forming an unstable compound. 4. Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin is [1994] (a) Sigmoid (b) Hyperbolic (c) Linear (d) Hypobolic It is the relationship between the percentage saturation of haemoglobin (by volume) in the blood and the oxygen tension (in partial tension) PO 2 of the blood. It is usually a sigmoid plot. Haemoglobin molecules can bind up to four oxygen molecules in a reversible way. The shape of the curve results from the interaction of bound oxygen molecules with incoming molecules. The binding of the first molecule is difficult. However, this facilitates the binding of the second and third molecules, and it is only when the fourth molecule is to be bound that the difficulty increases, partly as a result of crowding of the haemoglobin molecule, partly as a natural tendency of oxygen to dissociate. (Bohr effect: CO p H, temp.) 2 ph DPG Temp ph DPG Temp (Haldane effect: O displaces CO for Hb) 2 2 The O 2 -Hb dissociation curve is a sigmoidal curve that represents the relationship between O 2 concentration and the percentage saturation of Hb. As the concentration increases from about 90% there is a significant plateau in the curve, which has several important biological repercussions. 5. Air is breathed through [1994] (a) Trachea lungs larynx pharynx alveoli (b) Nose larynx pharynx bronchus alveoli bronchioles (c) Nostrils pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli (d) Nose mouth lungs The pathway of inhaled air is - Nostrils - pharynx (common passage for food & air) - larynx (voice box) - trachea (the wind pipe) - bronchi (2 for each side lungs) - bronchioles (give arise to alveolar ducts) - alveoli (the exchange site for gases in the form of small sacs or pouches).

2 Although much CO 2 is carried in blood, yet blood does not become acidic, because [1995] (a) it is absorbed by the leucocytes (b) blood buffers play an important role in CO 2 transport. (c) it combines with water to form which is neutralized by NaCO 3 (d) it is continuously diffused through tissues and is not allowed to accumulate CO 2 enters RBC and reacts with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid dissociates to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Some bicarbonate ions are transported in erythrocytes while some diffuse into the blood plasma. Exit of bicarbonate ions change the ionic balance between the plasma and erythrocytes. To restore this balance chloride ions diffuse from plasma into erythrocytes. Due to this the ph of blood is maintained. 7. The carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs as [1995] (a) dissolved in blood plasma (b) in the form of carbonic acid only (c) in combination with haemoglobin only (d) carbaminohaemoglobin and as carbonic acid Carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs mostly as carbaminohaemoglobin and carbonic acid. It is released in lungs in exchange with oxygen. 8. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude [1995, 2006] (a) atmospheric O 2 level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O 2 to survive (b) there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production (c) people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed (d) people get pollution - free air to breathe and more oxygen is available At the altitude of 5400 meters the low atmospheric pressure of O 2 will be too low so the solubility of oxygen in the blood will be very less hence the oxygen carried by each RBC will be too less. But to fulfill the oxygen requirement of the body blood has to carry more oxygen to the body tissue and this is done by the increased no. of RBCs. 9. The quantity 1500 ml in the respiratory volumes of a normal human adult refers to [1996] (a) maximum air that can be breathed in and breathed out (b) residual volume (c) expiratory reserve volume (d) total lung capacity The total volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inspiration and then expiring to the maximum is known as the vital capacity. The volume of air that remains inside lungs at the end of maximum forceful expiration is the residual volume. Expiratory reserve volume is the maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after a normal tidal expiration. Total lung capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be contained in the lungs after maximum inspiration. 10. In alveoli of the lungs, the air at the site of gas exchange, is separated from the blood by (a) alveolar epithelium only (b) alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium (c) alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and tunica adventitia (d) alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, a thin layer of tunica media and tunica adventitia Alveoli are the site of the respiratory exchange of gases. Oxygen from the alveolar air diffuses through the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium

3 185 into the capillary blood and carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction. 11. The exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs takes place by [1998] (a) simple diffusion (b) osmosis (c) active transport (d) passive transport Gaseous exchange between blood (dissolved phase) and alveolar air (gaseous phase) across respiratory membrane occurs by simple diffusion. Obviously, it depends upon the concentration gradient (=partial pressure) of the concerned gases in blood and alveolar air. 12. The process of migration of chloride ions from plasma to RBC and of carbonate ions from RBC to plasma is [1999] (a) chloride shift (b) ionic shift (c) atomic shift (d) Na+ pump During the transport of CO 2 through the blood, bicarbonate ions diffuse out of RBCs while chloride ions from plasma enter the RBCs to maintain ionic equilibrium. This is called chloride shift. 13. Which one of the following organs in the human body is most affected due to shortage of oxygen? [1999] (a) intestine (b) skin (c) kidney (d) brain Brain is the most vital organ. It stops functioning in the absence of O When CO 2 concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes [2004] (a) shallower and slow (b) there is no effect on breathing (c) slow and deep (d) faster and deeper The breathing becomes faster and deeper in order to oxygenate the blood at a fast rate. Shallow and slow breathing occurs during rest. 15. Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct? The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of [2004] (a) carbon disulphide (b) chloroform (c) carbon dioxide (d) carbon monoxide Carboxyhaemoglobin is the stable product formed by the association of CO and Hb in the blood. The association of carbon dioxide and haemoglobin forms carbamino haemoglobin. 16. Which one of the following mammalian cells is not capable of metabolising glucose to carbon-dioxide aerobically? [2007] (a) unstraited muscle cells (b) liver cells (c) red blood cells (d) white blood Since RBCS do not have mitochondria so they can respire only anaerobically. 17. Intercostal muscles occur in [1988] (a) abdomen (b) thigh (c) ribs (d) diaphragm Intercostal muscles (External intercostal & Internal intercostal) are attached with the ribs which help in the movement of rib cage during breathing. 18. What is vital capacity of our lungs? (a) Inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume (b) Total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve volume (c) Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume (d) Total lung capacity minus residual volume

4 186 Vital capacity of lungs is largest possible expiration after largest possible inspiration that is greatest. Volume of air can be exchanged in single respiration or amount of air breath in and out with greatest possible efforts. VC = TRV +TV + ERV = = 4600 ml. 19. Listed below are four respiratory capacities (i iv) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult: Respiratory Respiratory capacities volumes (i) Residual volume 2500mL (ii) Vital capacity 3500mL (iii) Inspiratory reserve 1200mL volume (iv) Inspiratory capacity 4500mL Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes? [2010] (a) (ii) 2500mL, (iii) 4500mL (b) (iii) 1200mL, (iv) 2500mL (c) (iv) 3500 ml, (i) 1200mL (d) (i) 4500 ml, (ii) 3500mL 20. Which two of the following changes (a d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)? (i) Increase in red blood cell size (ii) Increase in red blood cell production (iii) Increased breathing rate (iv) Increase in thrombocyte count Changes occurring are: [2010] (a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (iii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii) At high altitude, the body undergoes numerous changes in order to increase oxygen delivery to cells and improve the efficiency of oxygen usage. The early changes include increased breathing rate and increased red blood cell production. 21. Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort? [2011M] (a) One can breathe out air totally without oxygen. (b) One can breathe out air through eustachian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth. (c) One can consiously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all. (d) The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them Eustachian tube connect middle ear cavity (Tympanic cavity) with nasopharynx, approximately it is 35 mm long in adults, which helps in breathing out by closing both the nose and mouth. 22. Which of the following are the correct statement for respiration in human [2012] (a) Cigarette smoking may lead of inflammation of bronchi (b) Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration (c) Workers in grinding and stone - breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis (d) About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino haemoglobin. (a) and (c). Neural signals from pneumotaxic center in pons region of brain can limit the duration of inspiration. About 25% of carbodioxide (CO 2 ) is carried by haemoglobin as carboxyhaemglobin. 23. Breakdown product of haemoglobin is [1988] (a) Bilirubin (b) Iron (c) Biliverdin (d) Calcium In this type of question one must answer reasonably as the breakdown products of haemoglobin are haem i.e. Iron & Globin protein which is then converted into

5 187 yellowish substance bilirubin which is extracted by the liver cells from the blood & stored in the form of bile in gall bladder. The more appropriate answer is Iron as we have to mark only one option. If one had liberty to mark both the options then he/she would have marked both bilirubin and Iron. 24. Child death may occur in the marriage between (a) Rh+ man and Rh+ woman (b) Rh+ man and Rh woman (c) Rh man and Rh woman (d) Rh man and Rh+ woman Rh factor was discovered by Karl Landsteiner. A child of Rh+ man will be Rh+ whether the mother is Rh+ or Rh. If the mother is Rh+ then there will be no problem but if mother is Rh so when the blood of Rh+ child (in womb) mixes with the blood of Rh mother then some antibodies in mother s blood are formed against Rh+ factor which coagulate the womb blood causing death. If birth takes place then there is a possibility of child death in early years. This in known as erythroblastosis foetalis. In most cases the Ist pregnancy may succeed but after that it fails. 25. Which one of the following is one of the paths followed by air/o2 during respiration in an adult male Periplaneta americana as it enters the animal body? [NEET Kar. 2013] (a) Hypopharynx, mouth, pharynx, trachea, tissues (b) Spiracle in metathorax, trachea, tracheoles, oxygen diffuses into cells (c) Mouth, bronchial tube, trachea, oxygen enters cells (d) Spiracles in prothorax, tracheoles, trachea, oxygen diffuses into cells The number of spiracles in cockroach is 10-pairs (2-pairs in thoracic and 8-pairs in abdominal region). The thoracic pairs of spiracles are present on pleuron between prothorax - mesothorax and metathorax. Each spiracle opens into a chamber called atrium. After atrium the tracheal tube ramifies into fine branches of tracheae, and then tracheoles. : 18

Question 1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is about 3.5 4.5 litres in the human body. It

More information

2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.

2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing. CLASS XI BIOLOGY Breathing And Exchange of Gases 1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Answer: Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.

More information

BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES 96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The tissues exchange O 2 directly with the air in

More information

CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES 268 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES 17.1 Respiratory Organs 17.2 Mechanism of Breathing 17.3 Exchange of Gases 17.4 Transport of Gases 17.5 Regulation of Respiration 17.6 Disorders of

More information

1 CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES https://biologyaipmt.com/

1 CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES https://biologyaipmt.com/ 1 CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES https://biologyaipmt.com/ CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES Oxygen (O2) is utilised by the organisms to indirectly break down nutrient molecules like

More information

Respiratory System Physiology. Dr. Vedat Evren

Respiratory System Physiology. Dr. Vedat Evren Respiratory System Physiology Dr. Vedat Evren Respiration Processes involved in oxygen transport from the atmosphere to the body tissues and the release and transportation of carbon dioxide produced in

More information

BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES

BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES 96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The cell exchange O 2 directly with the air in the

More information

Chapter 16 Respiratory System

Chapter 16 Respiratory System Introduction Chapter 16 Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of tubes that filter incoming air and transport it to alveoli where gases are exchanged. Think pair share: what organs are associated

More information

GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013

GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013 GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Discuss what is gaseous exchange? Consider requirements of an efficient gaseous exchange surface. Look at diversity in gas exchange systems.

More information

Respiratory System Review

Respiratory System Review KEY THIS TEST WILL BE COMPLETED IN ONE CLASS PERIOD MONDAY, MARCH 10. 2014 Respiratory System Review Name A. Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate vocabulary word or words (several examples

More information

CHAPTER 3: The respiratory system

CHAPTER 3: The respiratory system CHAPTER 3: The respiratory system Practice questions - text book pages 56-58 1) When the inspiratory muscles contract, which one of the following statements is true? a. the size of the thoracic cavity

More information

Section Three Gas transport

Section Three Gas transport Section Three Gas transport Lecture 6: Oxygen transport in blood. Carbon dioxide in blood. Objectives: i. To describe the carriage of O2 in blood. ii. iii. iv. To explain the oxyhemoglobin dissociation

More information

system. and then into the tissues. Diffusion of wastes such as Carbon Dioxide from tissues into blood and out of blood into the lungs.

system. and then into the tissues. Diffusion of wastes such as Carbon Dioxide from tissues into blood and out of blood into the lungs. Respiratory System 1.Exchange Why do of we gases breathe? into the Think blood of all and the tissues. reasons Diffusion why we of Oxygen need a respiratory into blood from the lungs system. and then into

More information

Then the partial pressure of oxygen is x 760 = 160 mm Hg

Then the partial pressure of oxygen is x 760 = 160 mm Hg 1 AP Biology March 2008 Respiration Chapter 42 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces. 1) Gas exchange: the uptake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the discharge of

More information

Lesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System

Lesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System Lesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System Animals require a continuous supply of oxygen (O 2 ) for cellular respiration, and they must expel carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the waste product of this

More information

I. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface:

I. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface: I. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface: Common characteristics of respiratory surfaces: a) Moist: allows for the RAPID diffusion of dissolved gasses across its surface. Whereas the respiratory

More information

Outline - Respiratory System. Function of the respiratory system Parts of the respiratory system Mechanics of breathing Regulation of breathing

Outline - Respiratory System. Function of the respiratory system Parts of the respiratory system Mechanics of breathing Regulation of breathing Respiratory system Function Outline - Respiratory System I. II. III. IV. Respiratory System The function of the respiratory system is to bring in oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide. Function

More information

Human Biology Respiratory System

Human Biology Respiratory System Human Biology Respiratory System Respiratory System Responsible for process of breathing Works in cooperation with Circulatory system Three types: 1. Internal Respiration 2. External Respiration 3. Cellular

More information

BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A. CHAPTER REVIEW 1. Define the four components of respiration. 2. What happens to the air as it moves along the air passages? What

More information

Respiration. The resspiratory system

Respiration. The resspiratory system Respiration The resspiratory system The Alveoli The lungs have about 300 million alveoli, with a total crosssec onal area of 50 70 m2.. Each alveolar sac is surrounded by blood capillaries. The walls of

More information

Respiration - Human 1

Respiration - Human 1 Respiration - Human 1 At the end of the lectures on respiration you should be able to, 1. Describe events in the respiratory processes 2. Discuss the mechanism of lung ventilation in human 3. Discuss the

More information

Then the partial pressure of oxygen is. b) Gases will diffuse down a pressure gradient across a respiratory surface if it is: i) permeable ii) moist

Then the partial pressure of oxygen is. b) Gases will diffuse down a pressure gradient across a respiratory surface if it is: i) permeable ii) moist 1 AP Biology March 2008 Respiration Chapter 42 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces. 1) Gas exchange: Relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradients. At sea level, atmosphere

More information

Assignments for Life Processes(Respiration)

Assignments for Life Processes(Respiration) Assignments for Life Processes(Respiration) 1 Question 1 Why do organisms need food? Organisms need food for obtaining energy to perform the vital functions. Question 2 What is a respiratory substrate?

More information

Respiratory system & exercise. Dr. Rehab F Gwada

Respiratory system & exercise. Dr. Rehab F Gwada Respiratory system & exercise Dr. Rehab F Gwada Objectives of lecture Outline the major anatomical components & important functions of the respiratory system. Describe the mechanics of ventilation. List

More information

(Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System

(Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System (Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System I. (Slide 2) The Respiratory Tract A) Major structures and regions of the respiratory Tract/Route INTO body 1) nose 2) nasal cavity 3) pharynx 4) glottis 5)

More information

alveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange elephant seals gills AP Biology

alveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange elephant seals gills AP Biology alveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange gills elephant seals Gas exchange O 2 & CO 2 exchange exchange between environment & cells provides O 2 for aerobic cellular respiration need moist membrane need high

More information

IV. FROM AQUATIC TO ATMOSPHERIC BREATHING: THE TRACHEA & THE LUNG

IV. FROM AQUATIC TO ATMOSPHERIC BREATHING: THE TRACHEA & THE LUNG GAS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT I. INTRODUCTION: Heterotrophs oxidize carbon cmpds using O 2 to generate CO 2 & H 2 O. This is cellular respiration II. HOW GAS ENTERS A CELL A. The composition of air: 79% N

More information

CHAPTER 3: The cardio-respiratory system

CHAPTER 3: The cardio-respiratory system : The cardio-respiratory system Exam style questions - text book pages 44-45 1) Describe the structures involved in gaseous exchange in the lungs and explain how gaseous exchange occurs within this tissue.

More information

Monday, ! Today: Respiratory system! 5/20/14! Transport of Blood! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing!

Monday, ! Today: Respiratory system! 5/20/14! Transport of Blood! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing! Monday, 5.19.14! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing! Transport of Blood! What is transported! Nutrients! Oxygen! Carbon Dioxide! Hormones! Antibodies! What it is/does!

More information

AP Biology. Chapter 42. Gas Exchange. Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms. Evolution of gas exchange structures

AP Biology. Chapter 42. Gas Exchange. Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms. Evolution of gas exchange structures alveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange gills elephant seals Gas exchange & C exchange exchange between environment & cells provides for aerobic cellular respiration need moist membrane need high surface area

More information

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF RABBIT:

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF RABBIT: RESPIRATION The term respiration means exchange of gases (particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its medium. Physiologically, the term respiration may be defined as a biochemical

More information

SCIENCE- NOTES. Q1. Draw the diagram of human respiratory system and explain the function of the following parts:

SCIENCE- NOTES. Q1. Draw the diagram of human respiratory system and explain the function of the following parts: SCIENCE- NOTES NAME: RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS STD.VII DIV: Q1. Draw the diagram of human respiratory system and explain the function of the following parts: i. Nasal cavity ii. Trachea iii. Lungs iv. Bronchioles

More information

GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS 06 AUGUST 2014

GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS 06 AUGUST 2014 GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS 06 AUGUST 2014 In this lesson we: Lesson Description Look at gaseous exchange in humans in terms of o Ventilation o Inspiration o Expiration o Transport of gases o Homeostatic

More information

practices makes perfect

practices makes perfect Human Respiratory system Chapter 1: Respiration PMR 03, 08 1. The human respiratory system consists of: a... b... c.. d... e. Our body has.. lungs (right & left). f. Each lung consists of the, and alveoli.

More information

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy C6H12O CO2 + 6H20 + energy Cell Respiration - A food oxidization process in body cells to produce energy - Occurs (happens) in animal cells and plant cells Notes : Metabolic Reactions in Gaseous Exchange CELL RESPIRATION Photosynthesis

More information

Gaseous exchange. Grade 11

Gaseous exchange. Grade 11 z Gaseous exchange Grade 11 z Terminology 1. Breathing 2. Gaseous exchange 3. Diffusion 4. Spongy mesophyll cells 5. Tracheae 6. Gills 7. Alveoli 8. Larynx 9. Diaphragm 10. Endothelium 1. Pleura 2. Squamous

More information

08 Respiration. #79 Respiration realeases energy from food

08 Respiration. #79 Respiration realeases energy from food 08 Respiration #79 Respiration realeases energy from food Respiration is the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy. In humans, our cells need energy (ATP)

More information

Respiration. The ins and outs

Respiration. The ins and outs Respiration The ins and outs Functions 1. To bring O 2 into the body and transfer it to the blood stream 2. To remove CO 2 Circulation and respiration work together to achieve these functions Why Do We

More information

Breathing oxygenates the blood to allow food to be respired

Breathing oxygenates the blood to allow food to be respired Chapter 6 Breathing oxygenates the blood to allow food to be respired This chapter covers: the structure of the human gas exchange system the mechanism of breathing gas exchange in the alveoli the concept

More information

Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing

Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing Overview of Pulmonary Circulation o Diffusion of Gases o Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide o Transport of Gases in the Blood

More information

Physiology of Respiration

Physiology of Respiration Physiology of Respiration External Respiration = pulmonary ventilation breathing involves 2 processes: inspiration expiration Inspiration an active process involves contraction of diaphragm innervated

More information

Physiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Respiration External respiration ventilation gas exchange Internal respiration cellular respiration gas exchange Respiratory Cycle Inspiration

More information

82 Respiratory Tract NOTES

82 Respiratory Tract NOTES 82 Respiratory Tract NOTES RESPIRATORY TRACT The respiratory tract conducts air to the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs. It is separated into air-conducting and respiratory (where gas exchange occurs)

More information

Chapter 22 Gas Exchange

Chapter 22 Gas Exchange Chapter 22 Gas Exchange PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction: Surviving in Thin Air

More information

PARTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PARTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PARTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Parts of the Respiratory System The RS can be divided into two parts: 1. Respiratory Tract, (path that air follows). Nasal passage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi,

More information

Pop Quiz. What produces mucus, HCl and pepsinogen in the stomach? List a water soluable vitamin What is a ruminant stomach?

Pop Quiz. What produces mucus, HCl and pepsinogen in the stomach? List a water soluable vitamin What is a ruminant stomach? Pop Quiz What produces mucus, HCl and pepsinogen in the stomach? List a water soluable vitamin What is a ruminant stomach? Respiratory System Review Cellular respiration: obtain glucose and oxygen, get

More information

Biology. TOPIC : Breathing and Exchange of Gases. Marks : 120 mks Time : ½ hr

Biology. TOPIC : Breathing and Exchange of Gases. Marks : 120 mks Time : ½ hr TOPIC : Breathing and Exchange of Gases Date : Marks : 120 mks Time : ½ hr (1) Read the given statements characterizing certain types of animals. Select the option that correctly exemplifies each of these

More information

The Breathing System

The Breathing System The Breathing System Learning Intentions 1. Students should Know how Breathing happens 2. Name and know the functions of the Breathing System 3. Know how the organs work and how they work with other systems

More information

Breathing: The normal rate is about 14 to 20 times a minute. Taking in of air is called Inspiration and the forcing out of air is called Expiration.

Breathing: The normal rate is about 14 to 20 times a minute. Taking in of air is called Inspiration and the forcing out of air is called Expiration. Biology 12 Respiration Divisions of Respiration Breathing: entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs External Respiration: exchange of gases(o2 and CO2) between air (in alveoli) and blood Internal

More information

Chapter 1: Respiration

Chapter 1: Respiration Chapter 1: Respiration Respiration Human Breathing Mechanism Transport of oxygen Importance of a healthy respiratory system Respiratory system lungs inhalation exhalation Diffusion of oxygen by blood Transport

More information

Topic 13: Gas Exchange Ch. 42. Gas Exchange pp Gas Exchange. Gas Exchange in Fish pp Gas Exchange in Fish

Topic 13: Gas Exchange Ch. 42. Gas Exchange pp Gas Exchange. Gas Exchange in Fish pp Gas Exchange in Fish Topic 13: Gas Exchange Ch. 42 Fig. 42.24 Gas Exchange pp.979-989 Gas exchange involves the uptake of oxygen and the discharge of carbon dioxide (i.e. respiration or breathing). It is necessary for cellular

More information

3.3.2 Gas Exchange SPECIFICATION

3.3.2 Gas Exchange SPECIFICATION alevelbiology.co.uk 3.3.2 Gas Exchange SPECIFICATION Adaptations of gas exchange surfaces, shown by gas exchange: Across the body surface of a single-celled organism In the tracheal system of an insect

More information

Gas Exchange in Animals. Uptake of O2 from environment and discharge of CO2. Respiratory medium! water for aquatic animals, air for terrestial

Gas Exchange in Animals. Uptake of O2 from environment and discharge of CO2. Respiratory medium! water for aquatic animals, air for terrestial Gas Exchange in Animals Uptake of O2 from environment and discharge of CO2 Respiratory medium! water for aquatic animals, air for terrestial Respiratory surface! skin, gills, lungs Circulatory System O2/CO2

More information

Respiration. Chapter 39

Respiration. Chapter 39 Respiration Chapter 39 Impacts, Issues Up in Smoke Smoking immobilizes ciliated cells and kills white blood cells that defend the respiratory system; highly addictive nicotine discourages quitting 39.1

More information

Respiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange

Respiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange Respiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange Session Objectives. What you will cover Basic anatomy of the lung including airways Breathing movements Lung volumes and capacities Compliance and Resistance in

More information

2.1.1 List the principal structures of the

2.1.1 List the principal structures of the physiology 2.1.1 List the principal structures of the The principle structures of the respiratory are: Nose/Mouth used for inhalation of oxygen-rich air and expelling carbon dioxide rich air Pharynx -

More information

Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems

Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems alveoli gills Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems elephant seals 2008-2009 Why do we need a respiratory system? respiration for respiration Need O 2 in for aerobic cellular respiration make ATP Need CO 2

More information

Chapter 15. Lecture and Animation Outline

Chapter 15. Lecture and Animation Outline Chapter 15 Lecture and Animation Outline To run the animations you must be in Slideshow View. Use the buttons on the animation to play, pause, and turn audio/text on or off. Please Note: Once you have

More information

The Respiratory System. Medical Terminology

The Respiratory System. Medical Terminology The Respiratory System Medical Terminology The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs via respiration; inhalation/exhalation. pick up oxygen from inhaled air expels carbon dioxide and water sinus

More information

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide Transport. Dr. Laila Al-Dokhi

Oxygen and Carbon dioxide Transport. Dr. Laila Al-Dokhi Oxygen and Carbon dioxide Transport Dr. Laila Al-Dokhi Objectives 1. Understand the forms of oxygen transport in the blood, the importance of each. 2. Differentiate between O2 capacity, O2 content and

More information

These two respiratory media (air & water) impose rather different constraints on oxygen uptake:

These two respiratory media (air & water) impose rather different constraints on oxygen uptake: Topic 19: OXYGEN UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT (lectures 29-30) OBJECTIVES: 1. Be able to compare air vs. water as a respiratory medium with respect to oxygen content, diffusion coefficient, viscosity and water

More information

REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE & EXCRETION 11 SEPTEMBER 2013

REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE & EXCRETION 11 SEPTEMBER 2013 REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE & EXCRETION 11 SEPTEMBER 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Revise gaseous exchange in different animals and examine the structure of the kidney Key Concepts Important

More information

Respiration. Chapter 33

Respiration. Chapter 33 Respiration Chapter 33 Learning Objectives: Understand the basis of gas exchange and factors that influence diffusion of gases in and out of tissues Compare and contrast different respiratory systems among

More information

AP Biology. Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems. Gas exchange. Why do we need a respiratory system? Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms

AP Biology. Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems. Gas exchange. Why do we need a respiratory system? Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms alveoli Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems gills elephant seals 2008-2009 Why do we need a respiratory system? Need O 2 in food respiration for respiration for aerobic cellular respiration make ATP Need

More information

respiratory cycle. point in the volumes: 500 milliliters. for men. expiration, up to 1200 milliliters extra makes breathing Respiratory

respiratory cycle. point in the volumes: 500 milliliters. for men. expiration, up to 1200 milliliters extra makes breathing Respiratory 10 II. RESPIRATORY VOLUMES, CAPACITIES & PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS Respiratory volume is the term used for various volumes of air moved by or associated with the lungs at a given point in the respiratory

More information

Life 23 - Respiration in Air Raven & Johnson Ch. 53 (part)

Life 23 - Respiration in Air Raven & Johnson Ch. 53 (part) 1 Life 23 - Respiration in Air Raven & Johnson Ch. 53 (part) Objectives 1: Compare the properties of air and water as media for respiration, and the consequences for the evolution of respiratory systems

More information

UNIT 9 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LECTURE NOTES

UNIT 9 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LECTURE NOTES UNIT 9 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LECTURE NOTES 9.01 GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A. Brings oxygenated air to the alveoli B. Removes air containing carbon dioxide C. Filters, warms, and humidifies

More information

RESPIRATION III SEMESTER BOTANY MODULE II

RESPIRATION III SEMESTER BOTANY MODULE II III SEMESTER BOTANY MODULE II RESPIRATION Lung Capacities and Volumes Tidal volume (TV) air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath (approximately 500 ml) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

More information

Animal Systems: The Respiratory System

Animal Systems: The Respiratory System Animal Systems: The Respiratory System Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Cells, Cell Division, and Animal Systems and Plant Systems Cell Specialization Human Systems The Digestive The Circulatory

More information

Chapter 13 The Respiratory System

Chapter 13 The Respiratory System Chapter 13 The Respiratory System by Dr. Jay M. Templin Brooks/Cole - Thomson Learning Atmosphere Tissue cell External respiration Alveoli of lungs 1 Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere

More information

Chapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment

Chapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment Name: Date: Mark: / 45 Chapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following

More information

Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3

Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3 Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3 1. The pressure of a gas: a. is inversely proportional to its volume b. is unaffected by temperature changes c. is directly proportional to its volume d. does not

More information

RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE

RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE Respiration Respiration delivery of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the tissue External respiration ventilation and exchange of gases in the lung Internal

More information

Page 1. Chapter 33: Respiration O 2 CO 2

Page 1. Chapter 33: Respiration O 2 CO 2 Chapter 33: Respiration O 2 CO 2 Features of Respiratory Systems: 1) Moist surface (to dissolve gas) 2) Thin cells lining surface 3) Large surface area contacting environment Facilitate Diffusion Methods

More information

Structures of the Respiratory System include:

Structures of the Respiratory System include: Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System include: ü Oral Cavity ü Nasal Cavity ü Pharynx ü Epiglottis ü Larynx ü Trachea ü Diaphragm ü Lung ü Bronchus ü Bronchioles ü Alveolus ü Pulmonary

More information

Unit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation

Unit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation Unit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation - Physical principles of gases: Pressure of a gas is caused by the movement of its molecules against a surface (more concentration

More information

SCIENCE 8 RESPIRATION

SCIENCE 8 RESPIRATION SCIENCE 8 RESPIRATION WHEN WE BREATHE, WHAT DO WE BREATHE IN? O2, N2, CO2, O3, NO2 (gas fumes), CO, pollutant, fragrants, toxins, etc. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF BREATHING IN? WHAT DOES OUR BODY WANT? O2 WHY?

More information

Directions: The following two questions refer to the diagram below, which shows a group of cells from the respiratory tract.

Directions: The following two questions refer to the diagram below, which shows a group of cells from the respiratory tract. Topic 7 Gas exchange in humans Directions: The following two questions refer to the diagram below, which shows a group of cells from the respiratory tract. X Y 1. What is the function of structure X? A.

More information

1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system. Objective sheet 3 Notes

1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system. Objective sheet 3 Notes 1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system Objective sheet 3 Notes 2. Functions of the respiratory structures Name Description Function Nasal Cavity Trachea Bronchi (Singular Bronchus) Bronchioles Lungs

More information

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide Respiration Gas Transport Chapter 21-23

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide Respiration Gas Transport Chapter 21-23 nd Lecture Fri 06 Mar 009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide Respiration Gas Transport Chapter 1-3 1 Housekeeping,

More information

Respiratory System. Part 2

Respiratory System. Part 2 Respiratory System Part 2 Respiration Exchange of gases between air and body cells Three steps 1. Ventilation 2. External respiration 3. Internal respiration Ventilation Pulmonary ventilation consists

More information

Department of Biology Work Sheet Respiratory system,9 class

Department of Biology Work Sheet Respiratory system,9 class I. Name the following : Department of Biology Work Sheet Respiratory system,9 class 1. A muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. 2. A respiratory tube supported by cartilaginous

More information

REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE 24 SEPTEMBER 2014 Lesson Description

REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE 24 SEPTEMBER 2014 Lesson Description REVISION: GASEOUS EXCHANGE 24 SEPTEMBER 2014 Lesson Description In this lesson, we revise: Gaseous Exchange in Plants & Animals Gaseous Exchange in Humans Excretion in Humans Focus on the Kidney Gaseous

More information

25/4/2016. Physiology #01 Respiratory system Nayef Garaibeh Rawan Alwaten

25/4/2016. Physiology #01 Respiratory system Nayef Garaibeh Rawan Alwaten 25/4/2016 Physiology #01 Respiratory system Nayef Garaibeh Rawan Alwaten Respiratory System Introduction: - We breath while we are sleeping, talking, working and resting. - Respiratory diseases are abundant

More information

Chapter 13 The Respiratory System

Chapter 13 The Respiratory System VI edit Pag 451-499 Chapter 13 The Respiratory System V edit. Pag 459-509 Tissue cell Alveoli of lungs Atmosphere 1 External respiration Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere and air sacs

More information

GAS EXCHANGE & PHYSIOLOGY

GAS EXCHANGE & PHYSIOLOGY GAS EXCHANGE & PHYSIOLOGY Atmospheric Pressure Intra-Alveolar Pressure Inspiration 760 mm HG at Sea Level (= 1 atm) Pressure due to gases (N2, O2, CO2, Misc.) Pressure inside the alveolus (air sac) Phrenic

More information

Respiratory System 1

Respiratory System 1 Respiratory System 1 Outline Respiratory structures Gills Air-Breathing Animals Amphibians and Reptiles Mammals Birds Structures and Mechanisms of Breathing 2 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

More information

HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H H H + Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02. CO2 and Bicarbonate act as a ph Buffer in the blood

HCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H H H + Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02. CO2 and Bicarbonate act as a ph Buffer in the blood Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02 breathing reduces plasma [CO2]; plasma [CO2] increases breathing. When C02 levels are high, breating rate increases to blow off C02 In low C02 conditions,

More information

Introduction. Respiration. Chapter 10. Objectives. Objectives. The Respiratory System

Introduction. Respiration. Chapter 10. Objectives. Objectives. The Respiratory System Introduction Respiration Chapter 10 The Respiratory System Provides a means of gas exchange between the environment and the body Plays a role in the regulation of acidbase balance during exercise Objectives

More information

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 13 The Respiratory System Slides 13.1 13.30 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Organs of the Respiratory system

More information

Respiratory System Homework

Respiratory System Homework Respiratory System Homework The R S is the body s breathing equipment. Similar to the D system, it takes S from outside the body (G, particularly O ), circulates them through the body to C and T, then

More information

Respiratory/Pulmonary Laboratory Experimentation

Respiratory/Pulmonary Laboratory Experimentation Respiratory/Pulmonary Laboratory Experimentation Introduction Anatomy Review The respiratory system has the dubious honor of being the system that permits the transport of gases from the environment inside

More information

Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane

Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane thin membrane where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, simple squamous epithelium (Squamous cells have the appearance of thin, flat plates. They fit closely together in

More information

Section Two Diffusion of gases

Section Two Diffusion of gases Section Two Diffusion of gases Lecture 5: Partial pressure and the composition of gasses in air. Factors affecting diffusion of gases. Ventilation perfusion ratio effect on alveolar gas concentration.

More information

--- Respiration in Organisms. Lesson at a Glance

--- Respiration in Organisms. Lesson at a Glance --- Respiration in Organisms Lesson at a Glance. Respiration is essential for survival of every living organism whether it is an animal or a plant. It is a process by which living organisms produce energy

More information

2) During exhalation Air is cooled due to condensation and loses its moisture, depositing it on lining in trachea and nose

2) During exhalation Air is cooled due to condensation and loses its moisture, depositing it on lining in trachea and nose Section 10: The Respiratory System A. Functions of the respiratory system: The organs of the respiratory system make sure oxygen enters the body and carbon dioxide leaves the body. 2 stages: Inhalation

More information

Collin County Community College. Lung Physiology

Collin County Community College. Lung Physiology Collin County Community College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 9 Respiratory System 1 Lung Physiology Factors affecting Ventillation 1. Airway resistance Flow = Δ P / R Most resistance is encountered

More information

Gas exchange. Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 O 2. Pulmonary capillary. Tissue capillaries

Gas exchange. Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 O 2. Pulmonary capillary. Tissue capillaries Gas exchange Pulmonary gas exchange Tissue gas exchange CO 2 O 2 O 2 Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 Pulmonary capillary O 2 O 2 CO 2 Tissue capillaries Physical principles of gas exchange Diffusion: continuous

More information

Chapter 37: Pulmonary Ventilation. Chad & Angela

Chapter 37: Pulmonary Ventilation. Chad & Angela Chapter 37: Pulmonary Ventilation Chad & Angela Respiratory Structures Basic Structures of Respiration Nasal/Oral Cavities Larynx Trachea Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Mechanics of Ventilation

More information

Respiratory system. Premedical - Biology

Respiratory system. Premedical - Biology Respiratory system Premedical - Biology Composition of atmosphere Nitrogen (N 2 ) 840 ppmv (78.084%) Oxygen (O 2 ) 209,460 ppmv (20.946%) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 387 ppmv (0.0387%) Argon (Ar), Neon (Ne),

More information