Physiology of Flight

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Physiology of Flight"

Transcription

1 Physiology of Flight

2 Physiology of Flight Physiology of flight: how the human body functions during flight

3 Overview 1. Physiological Divisions of the Atmosphere 2. Hypoxia and Hyperventilation 3. Trapped Gases 4. Decompression Sickness 5. Principles and Problems of Vision 6. Spatial Disorientation and Motion Sickness 7. G-Forces 8. Other Stresses of Flight

4 Physiological Divisions of the Atmosphere

5 Physiological Zone Sea Level to 10,000 feet Region of the atmosphere in which there is enough oxygen to allow a normal, healthy person to fly without using special protective equipment

6 Physiological Zone Sea Level to 10,000 feet May experience some dizziness or discomfort in the ears or sinuses A person can survive above 10,000 without an oxygen mask

7 Physiological-deficient Zone 10,000 to 50,000 feet This zone has reduced atmospheric and oxygen pressure, so the body must be supplied with supplemental oxygen and supplied under pressure at higher levels in this zone

8 Physiological-deficient Zone 10,000 to 50,000 feet Most military aircraft and commercial aircraft flying long distances go into this zone with protective equipment

9 Partial Space Equivalent Zone 50,000 feet to 120 miles above The atmospheric pressure is so low in this zone that a man would lose consciousness even if supplied with 100% oxygen under pressure Earth

10 Partial Space Equivalent Zone 50,000 feet to 120 miles above Earth When flying in this zone, pilots must have a completely sealed space cabin with its own internally supplied oxygen and capability to remove carbon dioxide and to purify the air

11 REVIEW 1. The physiology of flight is how the _ functions during flight: a. aircraft b. mind c. body

12 REVIEW 2. Which zone allows a normal, healthy person to fly without using special protective equipment: a. partial space equivalent b. physiological-deficient c. physiological

13 REVIEW 3. Most military and commercial aircraft flying long distances fly in this zone: a. partial space equivalent b. physiological-deficient c. physiological

14 REVIEW 4. When flying in the higher levels of this zone, the body must be supplied with supplemental oxygen under pressure: a. partial space equivalent b. physiological-deficient c. physiological

15 REVIEW 5. When flying in this zone, pilots must have a completely sealed space cabin with its own internally supplied oxygen: a. partial space equivalent b. physiological-deficient c. physiological

16 Effects of Reduced Pressure at Altitude As the body goes to high altitudes it must make adjustments to the reduced atmospheric pressure in order to keep the flow of oxygen through the body cells and tissue constant. If the pressure outside the body is greatly reduced and the body is not adequately protected, it cannot make the necessary adjustments.

17 Hypoxia Hypoxia - a state of too little oxygen in the body cells or tissue. In flight it is usually caused by an insufficient amount of oxygen in the inhaled air. It impairs how the brain and other organs function May be aggravated by other conditions such as anemia, poor circulation of the blood, or the presences of poison or alcohol in the body

18 Hypoxia Greatest danger when pilot becomes engrossed in duties and doesn t notice the first symptoms. First symptoms may include increased breathing rate, dimming of vision, headache, dizziness, poor coordination and impairment of judgment, and finally the loss of vision and changes in behavior Also includes tunnel vision: a condition in which the edges if your sight gray out to a point where you only have a narrow field of vision straight ahead

19 Hyperventilation Hyperventilation A person affected by hypoxia tends to increase breathing rate in an attempt to take in more oxygen. It is an abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs May continue to gasp until hyperventilation occurs May result from great emotional tension or anxiety.

20 Hyperventilation Hyperventilation is simply over breathing Symptoms are similar to hypoxia Symptoms include dizziness, hot and cold sensations, nausea, and finally unconsciousness After the person loses consciousness, he no longer gasps for air the conditions corrects

21 REVIEW 6. Over breathing: a. hypoxia b. hyperventilation c. trapped gases

22 REVIEW 7. A deficiency of oxygen in the body cells or tissue: a. hypoxia b. hyperventilation c. trapped gases

23 REVIEW 8. Which condition can lead to the other condition: a. hypoxia leads to hyperventilation b. hyperventilation leads to hypoxia c. either condition can cause the other condition

24 Trapped Gases As the body ascends and descends during flight, the free gases inside the body cavities expand or contract. Trouble develops when these gases cannot escape, or air from the outside cannot enter

25 Trapped Gases Gases are most likely to be trapped in the ears, sinuses, teeth, stomach, and intestines Trapped gases cause pressure to build up and the result may be pain and sickness

26 Ear Block Pressure develops in the middle ear when descent is made too quickly or when one is unable to equalize the pressure because the Eustachian tube is swollen The Eustachian tube allows air to pass outward with ease, but resist passage of air in the opposite direction. During ear block, the process is not working

27 Ear Block Air can usually be pushed through the Eustachian tube during descent by swallowing, yawning, or tensing the muscles of the throat at intervals, thus causing the pressure within the middle ear to equalize with that of the outside pressure

28 Sinus Block If an ascent or descent is made too quickly, or if the openings to the sinuses are blocked because the mucous membrane is swollen, pressure builds up within the sinuses and causes pain

29 Tooth Pain Gases may be trapped in the teeth at altitude in abscesses, imperfect fillings, and inadequately filled root canals The toothache often disappears at the same altitude that if was first observed on ascent.

30 Stomach and Intestines In flights above 25,000 feet the expanding gases in the stomach and intestines may cause severe pain, lowering blood pressure and eventually lead to shock. Usually results from air that has been swallowed. When pressure falls the partial pressures of the gases in the body fluids decrease. The escaping gases cause decompression sickness.

31 Decompression Sickness Decompression sickness: a condition resulting from exposure to low pressure that causes dissolved gases in the body to form bubbles Cause might be flying in unpressurized aircraft to high altitude or in aircraft that suddenly experiences decompression the loss of cabin pressure due to a malfunction or accident

32 The Bends The Bends Release of nitrogen into the joints of the body. Usually the joints of the knee and shoulder

33 The Chokes Another form of decompression sickness. * At first the pressure is felt as a deep burning sensation, but gradually it becomes a severe stabbing pain, aggravated by deep breathing Deep, sharp pains under the sternum. Increased expansion of the lungs causes the pain to increase. Choking is caused by evolved gas bubbles blocking blood vessels in the lungs

34 Skin Symptoms Type of decompression sickness that involves sensations of the skin. Small bubbles of nitrogen under the skin produce itching, hot and cold feelings and tingling. The rash does not disappear with descent and may last for hours.

35 Effects of Reduced Pressure at Altitude Treatment of Decompression Sickness As decompression sickness becomes more severe, the pain caused by escaping gas bubbles becomes more intense. As symptoms appear in flight, 100% oxygen should be administered. Faintness, dizziness, and nausea may result Person could go into shock or become unconscious

36 Effects of Reduced Pressure at Altitude Begin an emergency descent and land as soon as possible If decompression sickness symptoms still exist after landing, compression therapy will be administered at the nearest hyperbaric facility. The Air Force uses special chambers to train pilots to recognize symptoms of decompression sickness

37 REVIEW 9. When gases inside body cavities cannot escape: a. hypoxia b. hyperventilation c. trapped gases

38 REVIEW 10. This procedure can help get rid of by swallowing, yawing, or tensing the muscles of the throat at intervals: a. ear block b. sinus block c. tooth pain

39 REVIEW 11. When the mucous membrane swells up, causing a build up of pressure and pain: a. ear block b. sinus block c. tooth pain

40 REVIEW 12. This condition disappears during descent, at the same altitude it was first noticed during ascent: a. ear block b. sinus block c. tooth pain

41 REVIEW 13. Small bubbles of nitrogen producing itching, hot & cold feelings, and tingling: a. the bends b. the chokes c. stomach & intestines d. the skin

42 REVIEW 14. Release of nitrogen in the joints, usually the knee and shoulder, causing intense pain: a. the bends b. the chokes c. stomach & intestines d. the skin

43 REVIEW 15. Expanding gases in flights above 25,000 feet, lowering the blood pressure, affects: a. the bends b. the chokes c. the stomach & intestines d. the skin

44 REVIEW 16. A severe stabbing pain aggravated by deep breathing: a. the bends b. the chokes c. stomach & intestines d. the skin

45 REVIEW 17. When decompression sickness becomes more severe, what should pilots should do immediately: a. alert the base b. apply 100% oxygen c. go into shock

46 REVIEW 18. If decompression sickness continues after landing, what treatment might be administered a. antibiotic treatment at a hospital b. compression therapy in hyperbaric chamber c. extended crew rest in pilot s quarters

47 Vision Aircrew members must be able to see well to judge speed and distances. Otherwise, they could not take off and land safely In addition, they must be able to distinguish colors to interpret signal flares and beacons They must also have good night vision to fly safely in the darkness

48 Night Vision What happens when you go inside a dark theater after coming in from the bright sun? Can you see inside at first? How long does it take you to adapt?

49 Night Vision Pilots experience a similar scenario trying to fly at night They use special goggles with red lenses to help keep the eyes ready to adjust to the dark They also fly by instruments, versus trying to see land marks

50 Factors Affecting Visions Glare: windshield and windows protect Oxygen deprivation: reduces visual acuity Illumination: cockpits have white lights to reduce shadows and glare Illusions: staring at objects too long can cause. Pilots scan objects to prevent

51 REVIEW 19. Aircrew members must be able to see well to judge: a.time and speed b. dates and distance c. speed and distances

52 REVIEW 20. Aircrew members must be able to distinguish colors to interpret: a. signal flares and traffic lights b. airports and beacons c. signal flares and beacons

53 REVIEW 21. Aircrew members use special goggles with what color lenses to keep the eyes ready to adjust to the dark? a. white b.red c. yellow

54 REVIEW 22. Airplane cockpits are illuminated with what color lights to help reduce shadows and glare? a. white b.red c. yellow

55 Spatial Disorientation Spatial disorientation: the lack of knowing an aircraft s position, attitude, and movement It is the inability to accurately orient yourself with respect to the Earth s horizon.

56 Motion Sickness Motion sickness: a product of the brain receiving conflicting messages about the body s true position A disagreement with what the body feels and what the eyes see If your body has ever been spun rapidly in a circle and then suddenly stopped, if you watch and/or feel the motion of waves while on a body of water, or even if your car is sitting still and you look at objects moving past your car and get the sensation of moving, you may have experienced motion sickness

57 Spatial Disorientation & Motion Sickness The body uses three systems that work together to figure out position, attitude, and movement: Visual system: eyes sense position based on what they see Vestibular system: inner ear organs sense position by the way the body is balanced Somatosensory system: nerves in the skin, muscles, and joints along with hearing sense position based on gravity, feeling, and sound The brain pieces all of this info together, and when the three systems agree, the brain can accurately determine position, attitude, and movement

58 Spatial Disorientation and Motion Sickness The Visual System Eyes provide the strongest and most reliable orientation information during flight. When the horizon is not correct, your vestibular disorientation disappears; you may still experience visual illusions caused by false horizon. Use of flight instruments is a sure way to help confirm the position of the horizon

59 Spatial Disorientation and Motion Sickness Brought about because the balance mechanisms in the inner ear have been affected by inertia (resistance to change in motion). As a result, the hair filaments do not sense the movement of the fluid in the semicircular canals in the normal way motion is not registered

60 Spatial Disorientation and Motion Sickness The Somatosensory System Consists of tactile pressure receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons and joints. Often called the seat-of-the-pants sense.

61 Spatial Disorientation and Motion Sickness The Air Force uses special equipment to help determine a pilot s threshold of tolerance for spatial disorientation and motion sickness

62 REVIEW 23. Lack of knowing the aircraft s true position, attitude, or movement a. spatial disorientation b. motion sickness c. balance impropriety

63 REVIEW 24. Inability to accurately orient oneself with respect to the Earth s horizon a. spatial disorientation b. motion sickness c. balance impropriety

64 REVIEW 25. A product of the brain receiving conflicting messages about the body s true position a. spatial disorientation b. motion sickness c. balance impropriety

65 REVIEW 26. Nerves in the skin, muscles, and joints along with hearing sense position based on gravity, feeling, and sound a. visual system b. vestibular system c. somatosensory system

66 REVIEW 27. Inner ear organs sense position by the way the body is balanced a. visual system b. vestibular system c. somatosensory system

67 REVIEW 28. Eyes sense position based on what they see a. visual system b. vestibular system c. somatosensory system

68 Acceleration and Deceleration: Increased G-Forces G-force: a measure of gravity s accelerative force A change in an aircraft s speed or motion (dives, turns for example) can induce G-forces Steep turns and dives can generate a force of acceleration that is many times the force of gravity

69 Acceleration and Deceleration: Increased G-Forces Linear acceleration: a change in speed in a straight line = takeoff, landing, and straight flight Radial acceleration: a change in direction = sharp turns, dives, pulling out of a dive Angular acceleration: simultaneous change in both speed and direction = spins and climbing turns

70 G-Forces The three types of accelerations induces three types of G- forces on the body Gx: acts on the body from the chest to the back; -Gx occurs during takeoff when A/C gain speed, pushes pilot back into the seat +Gx: the force from the back to the chest during landings, pushes the pilot forward in the shoulder strap Gy: a lateral force that acts from shoulder to shoulder; encountered during aileron rolls on the longitudinal axis Gz: a force that acts on the body s vertical axis = head to foot and foot to head - Gz is applied from head to foot, as when pulling out of a dive +Gz is applied from foot to head, as when in a dive

71 Positive G-Force Blood rushes from the head toward the feet, just as the normal gravity force does when a person is in a standing position on the ground. In flight, a positive G-Force is experienced when the aircraft is entering a high speed turn or pulling out of a steep dive The cardiovascular system has to react quickly to keep blood flowing to the brain

72 Negative G-Force The blood rushes from the feet to the head, or as gravity would act upon a person standing on his head. In flight, negative G-Forces are rare, but would occur when an aircraft is diving at a high rate of speed When a pilot goes into a dive, blood can t flow back down through the veins into the heart, yet the arteries are carrying more blood than ever to the head

73 G-Force +G-force warning signs: progressive loss of vision, onset of tunnel vision, gun barrel vision, gray out, then black out of all vision; if the accelerating G-forces continue, the pilot may finally pass out -G-force warning signs: red out (pilots see a field of red), loss of consciousness

74 G-Force The Air Force provides pilots a G-suit to help equalize the effects of increased G-Forces G-suit: a piece of clothing that protects pilots from the effects of G-forces The G-suit prevents blackouts by applying pressure to the legs and abdomen to keep blood pressure up and blood circulating to the brain

75 REVIEW 29. G-force is a measure of gravity s force: a. stall b. accelerative c. decelerated

76 REVIEW 30. A change in an aircraft s or can induce G-forces a. stalls and acceleration b. speed and motion c. longitudinal and vertical dips

77 REVIEW 31. Simultaneous change in both speed and direction: a. linear acceleration b. radial acceleration c. angular acceleration

78 REVIEW 32. A change in direction: a. linear acceleration b. radial acceleration c. angular acceleration

79 REVIEW 33. A change in speed while traveling in a straight line: a. linear acceleration b. radial acceleration c. angular acceleration

80 REVIEW 34. Occurs when an aircraft is entering a high speed turn or pulling out of a steep dive, the blood rushes from the head to the feet: a. normal G-force b. negative G-force c. positive G-force

81 REVIEW 35. Under normal conditions, a force is exerted upon the body and acting in a direction toward the center of Earth: a. normal G-force b. Negative G-force c. Positive G-force

82 REVIEW 36. When an aircraft is diving at a high rate of speed, the blood rushed from the feet to the head: a. normal G-force b. Negative G-force c. Positive G-force

83 Other Stresses of Flight Alcohol One drink at 10,000 feet can have the same effect as two or three drinks at sea level. Can affect coordination, limit vision, impact memory, reduce reasoning power, slow reflexes, and lower attention span

84 Other Stresses of Flight Tobacco It raises the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood Results include reduced ability to see clearly and adapt eyes to the dark

85 Self-Imposed Stresses Drugs Aspirin, nasal decongestants, tranquilizers or sedatives. Side effects such as drowsiness, loss of balance, and nausea can occur faster

86 REVIEW 37. Use of this product can affect coordination, limit vision, impact memory, reduce reasoning power, and slow reflexes a. alcohol b. tobacco c. drugs

87 REVIEW 38. This product raises the concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood, resulting in reduced ability to see clearly and adapt eyes to the dark a. alcohol b. tobacco c. drugs

88 REVIEW 39. This product raises the concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood, resulting in reduced ability to see clearly and adapt eyes to the dark a. alcohol b. tobacco c. drugs

89 REVIEW 40. Side effects of this product if used when flying includes drowsiness, loss of balance, and nausea a. alcohol b. tobacco c. drugs

90 Summary 1. Physiological Divisions of the Atmosphere 2. Effects of Reduced Pressure at Altitude 3. Trapped Gases 4. Decompression Sickness 5. Principles and Problems of Vision 6. Spatial Disorientation and Motion Sickness 7. G-Forces 8. Other Stresses of Flight

To develop understanding of mental and physical standards required for operating an aircraft

To develop understanding of mental and physical standards required for operating an aircraft Aeromedical Factors Objective To develop understanding of mental and physical standards required for operating an aircraft Outline Obtaining a medical certificate Causes, symptoms, effects, and corrective

More information

II.A. Aeromedical Factors

II.A. Aeromedical Factors References: FAA-H-8083-3; AIM; AC 67-2 Objectives The student should exhibit knowledge regarding aeromedical factors as required in the PTS. Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions

More information

ALTITUDE PHYSIOLOGY. Physiological Zones of the Atmosphere. Composition of the Air AIR ATTENDANTS COURSE. Sea Level Pressure

ALTITUDE PHYSIOLOGY. Physiological Zones of the Atmosphere. Composition of the Air AIR ATTENDANTS COURSE. Sea Level Pressure AIR ATTENDANTS COURSE ALTITUDE PHYSIOLOGY Physical Divisions of the Atmosphere 1200 miles 600 miles EXOSPHERE Physiological Zones of the Atmosphere 50 miles IONOSPHERE SPACE EQUIVALENT ZONE: 50,000 feet

More information

Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force

Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Mountain Flying Qualification Course Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Physiological Effects of Altitude Physiological Effects of Altitude OXYGEN DEPRIVATION (HYPOXIA) SINUS PRESSURE

More information

HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS

HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS 1 An overstressed pilot may show the following symptoms: 1. mental blocks, confusion and channelized attention 2. resignation, frustration, rage 3. deterioration in motor coordination 4. high pitch voice

More information

GLIDING NEW ZEALAND QUALIFIED GLIDER PILOT CERTIFICATE HUMAN FACTORS EXAMINATION. Time Allowed: 1 Hour

GLIDING NEW ZEALAND QUALIFIED GLIDER PILOT CERTIFICATE HUMAN FACTORS EXAMINATION. Time Allowed: 1 Hour GLIDING NEW ZEALAND QUALIFIED GLIDER PILOT CERTIFICATE HUMAN FACTORS EXAMINATION Time Allowed: 1 Hour INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Do not write on this examination paper. Write only on the answer sheet provided. 2.

More information

American College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2011 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, November 2, 2011

American College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2011 Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, November 2, 2011 Administrative Information Risk Assessment: Low AEROSPACE/ OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE BAROMETRIC CONCERNS Dr. John Campbell, MFS Environmental Considerations: None Safety Considerations: None Evaluation: 50

More information

High Altitude Concerns

High Altitude Concerns High Altitude Concerns 17 March, 2014 PRESENTED BY: John M. Davenport, Lt. Col., USAF, Ret. International Operators Conference Tampa, FL March 17 20, 2014 Welcome Aviators! High Altitude Concerns Question

More information

O-1. American Osteopathic College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2013 Mid Year Educational Conference, Phoenix, Arizona February 14-17, 2013

O-1. American Osteopathic College of Occupational and Preventive Medicine 2013 Mid Year Educational Conference, Phoenix, Arizona February 14-17, 2013 Administrative Information Risk Assessment: Low AEROSPACE/ OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE BAROMETRIC CONCERNS Dr. John Campbell, DO, MPH, MFS Environmental Considerations: None Safety Considerations: None Evaluation:

More information

Office. Hypoxia. Or this. Or even this. Hypoxia E-1. COL Brian W. Smalley DO, MSPH, CPE

Office. Hypoxia. Or this. Or even this. Hypoxia E-1. COL Brian W. Smalley DO, MSPH, CPE Hypoxia Office COL Brian W. Smalley DO, MSPH, CPE Or this Or even this Hypoxia State of oxygen deficiency in the blood cells and tissues sufficient to cause impairment of function 4 Types Hypoxic Hypemic

More information

1 out of every 5,555 of drivers dies in car accidents 1 out of every 7692 pregnant women die from complications 1 out of every 116,666 skydives ended

1 out of every 5,555 of drivers dies in car accidents 1 out of every 7692 pregnant women die from complications 1 out of every 116,666 skydives ended 1 out of every 5,555 of drivers dies in car accidents 1 out of every 7692 pregnant women die from complications 1 out of every 116,666 skydives ended in a fatality in 2000 1 out of every 126,626 marathon

More information

Man s flight through life is sustained by the power of his knowledge.

Man s flight through life is sustained by the power of his knowledge. CHAPT ER 3 Flight and Air Force pararescuemen and Navy SEALs take part in free-fall parachute training on 21 January 2011 over Marine Corps Base Hawaii. The jumpers will pull the release cords on their

More information

etcadvancedpilottraining.com Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) Altitude Awareness Training Situational Awareness (SA)

etcadvancedpilottraining.com Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) Altitude Awareness Training Situational Awareness (SA) ADVANCED PILOT TRAINING Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) Altitude Awareness Training Situational Awareness (SA) Spatial Disorientation (SD) etcadvancedpilottraining.com ETC s NASTAR Center

More information

Outline What is it and what to expect Pilot physiology Oxygen equipment per FAA Wave windows Relevant FAR s NCSA Rules

Outline What is it and what to expect Pilot physiology Oxygen equipment per FAA Wave windows Relevant FAR s NCSA Rules Northern California Soaring Association 2010 Safety Seminar High Altitude Wave Flight Considerations by Mike Voie, CFIG Outline What is it and what to expect Pilot physiology Oxygen equipment per FAA Wave

More information

ANNEX D: PHYSIOLOGICAL EPISODES

ANNEX D: PHYSIOLOGICAL EPISODES 1. The Navy s definition of a physiological episode (PE) is when a pilot experiences loss in performance related to insufficient oxygen, depressurization, or other factors during flight. For the purposes

More information

Aviation Medicine Seminar Series

Aviation Medicine Seminar Series Aviation Medicine Seminar Series Bruce R. Gilbert, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Clinical Professor of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College Stony Brook University Medical College Head, Section of Male Reproduction

More information

PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS Ch 09.qxd 5/7/04 8:14 AM Page 9-1 PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS Performance maneuvers are used to develop a high degree of pilot skill. They aid the pilot in analyzing the forces acting on the airplane and in

More information

UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES OF

UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES OF AVIATION MEDICINE IN ACTION: UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES OF AVIATION MEDICINE IN FLYING OPERATIONS MAJ(DR) Dominic TAN Air Force Medical Service Republic of Singapore Air Force 2 WHAT IS AVIATION MEDICINE

More information

SCUBA - self contained underwater breathing apparatus. 5 million sport scuba divers in U.S. 250, ,000 new certifications annually in U.S.

SCUBA - self contained underwater breathing apparatus. 5 million sport scuba divers in U.S. 250, ,000 new certifications annually in U.S. SCUBA - self contained underwater breathing apparatus 5 million sport scuba divers in US 250,000-400,000 new certifications annually in US Diving occurs in oceans, freshwater lakes, rivers and quarries

More information

Decompression Sickness

Decompression Sickness Decompression Sickness Kun-Lun Huang National Defense Medical Center Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Institute Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Hazard Diving

More information

The Allure of the Deep

The Allure of the Deep The Allure of the Deep by Bob Bailey Many divers, especially newer divers, develop a fascination for how deep they can go. I can recall that, as a new diver, I couldn t wait to notch my first 100-foot

More information

smart guide Equalising Like a Pro

smart guide Equalising Like a Pro smart guide Equalising Like a Pro 1 Outer ear canal Ear Ossicles Vestibule Oval Window Semicircular canals Shutterstock.com/Penpa J Cochlea Middle ear Middle ear Round Window Eustachian tube DAN S SMART

More information

Hole Watch Attendant. 1 Copyright 2014 by PEC Safety Management, Inc. PPT-SM-HOLEWATCH 2014

Hole Watch Attendant. 1 Copyright 2014 by PEC Safety Management, Inc. PPT-SM-HOLEWATCH 2014 Hole Watch Attendant 1 Copyright by PEC Safety Management, Inc. Confined Spaces Two types of confined spaces Non-permit required confined spaces Permit-required confined spaces 2 Confined Spaces Non-permit

More information

First Aid - immediate care that is given to the victim of an injury or illness until experts can take over - Oftentimes, it s the difference between

First Aid - immediate care that is given to the victim of an injury or illness until experts can take over - Oftentimes, it s the difference between First Aid First Aid - immediate care that is given to the victim of an injury or illness until experts can take over - Oftentimes, it s the difference between life and death or recovery vs permanent disability

More information

DIVING HABITS AND PRACTICES:

DIVING HABITS AND PRACTICES: Rocky Mountain Aquatics FINAL SCUBA EXAM Please record all answers on the answer sheet provided. DO NOT MAKE ANY MARKS IN THIS TEST BOOKLET. Read all the answers first before making a choice. In some instances

More information

GUIDELINES FOR THE DIVER ** EXAMINATION

GUIDELINES FOR THE DIVER ** EXAMINATION GUIDELINES FOR THE DIVER ** EXAMINATION Dear Diver Enclosed please find the first draft of a recently compiled sample list of Diver ** theory questions. These guidelines are aimed at assisting two groups

More information

SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASKS AVIATION GENERAL YEAR 12

SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASKS AVIATION GENERAL YEAR 12 SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASKS AVIATION GENERAL YEAR 12 Copyright School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2015 This document apart from any third party copyright material contained in it may be freely copied,

More information

Medical Aspects of Diving in the Offshore Oil Industry

Medical Aspects of Diving in the Offshore Oil Industry Medical Aspects of Diving in the Offshore Oil Industry Dr Stephen Watt Retired Consultant in Respiratory and Hyperbaric Medicine Chairman, Diving Medical Advisory Committee What is diving? Diving = Commuting

More information

HYPOXIA IN OPERATION ORIENTED SIMULATION. SAFE EUROPE, ZEIST, APRIL 2017 Wietse Ledegang, MSc.

HYPOXIA IN OPERATION ORIENTED SIMULATION. SAFE EUROPE, ZEIST, APRIL 2017 Wietse Ledegang, MSc. HYPOXIA IN OPERATION ORIENTED SIMULATION SAFE EUROPE, ZEIST, APRIL 2017 Wietse Ledegang, MSc. TNO TNO = Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Department of Human Factors in Soesterberg

More information

Rescue Swimmer Refresher Course. Practical First Aid Training/Mock Trauma LT 2.2

Rescue Swimmer Refresher Course. Practical First Aid Training/Mock Trauma LT 2.2 Rescue Swimmer Refresher Course Practical First Aid Training/Mock Trauma LT 2.2 Enabling Objectives Respond to an emergency per current American Red Cross standards. Administer CPR per current American

More information

XI.C. Power-Off Stalls

XI.C. Power-Off Stalls References: FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop knowledge of stalls regarding aerodynamics,

More information

Structures of the Respiratory System include:

Structures of the Respiratory System include: Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System include: ü Oral Cavity ü Nasal Cavity ü Pharynx ü Epiglottis ü Larynx ü Trachea ü Diaphragm ü Lung ü Bronchus ü Bronchioles ü Alveolus ü Pulmonary

More information

Oxygen and Respiration

Oxygen and Respiration THRESHOLDS OF OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY Up to 10,000 ft Air only 10,000-33,700 ft Oxygen/Air mixture 33,700-40,000 ft 100% Oxygen Above 40,000 ft 100% Oxygen under pressure HYPOXIC HYPOXIA The term for

More information

FIRST AID. Study Topics. At a minimum, the following topics are to be studied for the first aid exam.

FIRST AID. Study Topics. At a minimum, the following topics are to be studied for the first aid exam. FIRST AID Study Topics At a minimum, the following topics are to be studied for the first aid exam. TOPIC Avoid getting air in stomach during rescue breathing Burns Kinds of Burns & Care Calling for Help

More information

SPQ Module 9 Breathing at Altitude

SPQ Module 9 Breathing at Altitude SPQ Module 9 Breathing at Altitude For most people traveling 1130 kilometers on foot over a frozen ice cap with no support would be daunting enough without facing the prospect of being short of breath

More information

OBTAINING A MEDICAL CERTIFICATE

OBTAINING A MEDICAL CERTIFICATE Ch 15.qxd 10/24/03 8:46 AM Page 15-1 As a pilot, it is important to stay aware of the mental and physical standards required for the type of flying done. This chapter provides information on medical certification

More information

OUTLINE SHEET Respond to an emergency per current American Red Cross standards.

OUTLINE SHEET Respond to an emergency per current American Red Cross standards. INTRODUCTION OUTLINE SHEET 2.2-1 PRACTICAL FIRST AID TRAINING/MOCK TRAUMA PAGE 1 of 8 First Aid, in any situation, consists of emergency treatment of the sick or injured before medical help can be obtained.

More information

PHYSIOLOGY. Let s look at the route in sequence, starting at the lungs where the blood releases CO2 and takes on oxygen at the pulmonary capillaries.

PHYSIOLOGY. Let s look at the route in sequence, starting at the lungs where the blood releases CO2 and takes on oxygen at the pulmonary capillaries. PHYSIOLOGY Circulation: Blood circulates around your body to fuel the body with oxygen, the body uses the oxygen and changes it to carbon dioxide (CO2) the blood then carries this back to the lungs where

More information

XI.B. Power-On Stalls

XI.B. Power-On Stalls XI.B. Power-On Stalls References: AC 61-67; FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop knowledge

More information

Human Biology Respiratory System

Human Biology Respiratory System Human Biology Respiratory System Respiratory System Responsible for process of breathing Works in cooperation with Circulatory system Three types: 1. Internal Respiration 2. External Respiration 3. Cellular

More information

How Your Ears Respond to Pressure. 6 Methods to Equalize Your Ears. 10 Tips that Make Equalizing Easier. How to Deal with Other Ear Problems.

How Your Ears Respond to Pressure. 6 Methods to Equalize Your Ears. 10 Tips that Make Equalizing Easier. How to Deal with Other Ear Problems. DAN s Smart Guide to Ear Equalization Beat the Squeeze: Equalize Like a Pro How Your Ears Respond to Pressure. 6 Methods to Equalize Your Ears. 10 Tips that Make Equalizing Easier. How to Deal with Other

More information

Question 1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is about 3.5 4.5 litres in the human body. It

More information

Unit 3: The Physiology of Diving and Nitrox

Unit 3: The Physiology of Diving and Nitrox Unit 3: The Physiology of Diving and Nitrox Narcosis Decompression Sickness Physiological Effects of High Oxygen Levels Physiological Effects of High Oxygen Levels Student Performance: By the end of the

More information

REMOTE LOCATION FIRST AID

REMOTE LOCATION FIRST AID LESSON 23 REMOTE LOCATION FIRST AID 23-1 First Aid Differences in Remote Locations Most first aid based on fact that help will arrive within 10 20 minutes of 9-1-1 call Most first aid intended to meet

More information

SCENARIO #2 CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENT IN AN AUTO SHOP

SCENARIO #2 CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENT IN AN AUTO SHOP SCENARIO #2 CARBON MONOXIDE INCIDENT IN AN AUTO SHOP 169 FIGURE 8-8 A 500 gallon ASME propane tank is used to supply an interior space heater at an automobile repair shop. During extremely cold weather,

More information

FISH GET GAS, TOO SCOTT SPERBER SHERMAN OAKS CES DECEMBER 4, Background on Pressure

FISH GET GAS, TOO SCOTT SPERBER SHERMAN OAKS CES DECEMBER 4, Background on Pressure FISH GET GAS, TOO SCOTT SPERBER SHERMAN OAKS CES DECEMBER 4, 2004 Background on Pressure If you have ever held your breath and dived to the bottom of a swimming pool, you may have felt pressure on your

More information

BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BIOLOGY 12: UNIT J - CHAPTER 15 - REVIEW WORKSHEET RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A. CHAPTER REVIEW 1. Define the four components of respiration. 2. What happens to the air as it moves along the air passages? What

More information

Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots

Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots Chapter 8. Medical Facts for Pilots Section 1. 8 1 1. Fitness For Flight a. Medical Certification. 1. All pilots except those flying gliders and free air balloons must possess valid medical certificates

More information

AEROMEDICAL FACTORS. ATTENTION - One of the error factors that we can try to control if we are aware of them

AEROMEDICAL FACTORS. ATTENTION - One of the error factors that we can try to control if we are aware of them AEROMEDICAL FACTORS II-A ATTENTION - One of the error factors that we can try to control if we are aware of them MOTIVATION - Everyone will at some point have a cold, take some kind of drugs or drink alcohol

More information

Aerospace Physiology. Lecture #11 Oct. 7, 2014 Cardiopulmonary physiology. Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological Environmental Effects MARYLAND

Aerospace Physiology. Lecture #11 Oct. 7, 2014 Cardiopulmonary physiology. Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological Environmental Effects MARYLAND Lecture #11 Oct. 7, 2014 Cardiopulmonary physiology Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological Environmental Effects 1 2014 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu

More information

Urgent Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Urgent Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Urgent Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Information for patients and families Read this booklet to learn: what hyperbaric oxygen therapy is what it helps treat what happens after your therapy who to call if you

More information

CHAPTER 3: TAKING ACTION AND CARING FOR BREATHING EMERGENCIES Multiple Choice

CHAPTER 3: TAKING ACTION AND CARING FOR BREATHING EMERGENCIES Multiple Choice CHAPTER 3: TAKING ACTION AND CARING FOR BREATHING EMERGENCIES Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer. 1. One of the first steps to follow in an emergency is a. Transporting the victim to the hospital.

More information

What is the Eustachian tube and what does it do?

What is the Eustachian tube and what does it do? Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) can cause dulled hearing. It is usually a temporary problem that lasts a week or so and most commonly occurs during and after a cold. There

More information

Ascent to Altitude After Diving

Ascent to Altitude After Diving Ascent to Altitude After Diving On many occasions, divers have a need to ascend to a higher altitude after diving, and they need guidance on how long they need to wait before doing so. The reason they

More information

GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013

GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013 GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Discuss what is gaseous exchange? Consider requirements of an efficient gaseous exchange surface. Look at diversity in gas exchange systems.

More information

VESTIBULAR DISORDERS ASSOCIATION. VEDA Publication No. F-11. Travel and Vestibular Disorders: Helpful Strategies to Consider in Planning a Trip

VESTIBULAR DISORDERS ASSOCIATION. VEDA Publication No. F-11. Travel and Vestibular Disorders: Helpful Strategies to Consider in Planning a Trip VESTIBULAR DISORDERS ASSOCIATION PO Box 13305 Portland, OR 97213 fax: (503) 229-8064 toll-free voice-mail: (800) 837-8428 info@vestibular.org http://www.vestibular.org/ VEDA Publication No. F-11 Travel

More information

Front Cover Picture Mark Rasmussen - Fotolia.com

Front Cover Picture Mark Rasmussen - Fotolia.com Flight Maneuvers And Stick and Rudder Skills A complete learn to fly handbook by one of aviation s most knowledgeable and experienced flight instructors Front Cover Picture Mark Rasmussen - Fotolia.com

More information

CABIN DEPRESSURIZATION AND SLOW ONSET HYPOXIA CRM, SIMULATOR AND SCENARIO BASED PHYSIOLOGY

CABIN DEPRESSURIZATION AND SLOW ONSET HYPOXIA CRM, SIMULATOR AND SCENARIO BASED PHYSIOLOGY CABIN DEPRESSURIZATION AND SLOW ONSET HYPOXIA CRM, SIMULATOR AND SCENARIO BASED PHYSIOLOGY LESSONS LEARNED FROM 2500 PILOTS TRAINED IN SLOW ONSET HYPOXIA SOUTHERN AEROMEDICAL INSTITUTE DR. PAUL BUZA MEDICAL

More information

Chapter 16 Respiratory System

Chapter 16 Respiratory System Introduction Chapter 16 Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of tubes that filter incoming air and transport it to alveoli where gases are exchanged. Think pair share: what organs are associated

More information

Aerospace Physiology MARYLAND. Cardiopulmonary Physiology. Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological. Respiratory Cardiovascular U N I V E R S I T Y O F

Aerospace Physiology MARYLAND. Cardiopulmonary Physiology. Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological. Respiratory Cardiovascular U N I V E R S I T Y O F Cardiopulmonary Physiology Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological 2003 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu The Human Circulatory System Lung Measurements

More information

Climbs, descents, turns, and stalls These are some of the maneuvers you'll practice, and practice, and practice By David Montoya

Climbs, descents, turns, and stalls These are some of the maneuvers you'll practice, and practice, and practice By David Montoya Climbs, descents, turns, and stalls These are some of the maneuvers you'll practice, and practice, and practice By David Montoya Air work stalls, steep turns, climbs, descents, slow flight is the one element

More information

Review. 1. Which of the following statements regarding the Adam s apple is FALSE?

Review. 1. Which of the following statements regarding the Adam s apple is FALSE? Chapter 25 Review 1. Which of the following statements regarding the Adam s apple is FALSE? A. It is inferior to the cricoid cartilage. B. It is formed by the thyroid cartilage. C. It is the uppermost

More information

ALFRED HYPERBARIC SERVICE. Service and Care. Information for Patients

ALFRED HYPERBARIC SERVICE. Service and Care. Information for Patients ALFRED HYPERBARIC SERVICE Service and Care Information for Patients ALFRED HEALTH Alfred Hyperbaric Service The Alfred Commercial Road Melbourne, VIC 3004 Phone (03) 9076 2269 Fax (03) 9076 3052 This booklet

More information

Basic Mountain Flying

Basic Mountain Flying Advanced Manoeuvres Basic Mountain Flying This training introduces students to the principles of basic mountain flying and further develops their experience and understanding of operating near terrain

More information

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 1 RSPT 1410 Medical Gas Therapy Part 2: Wilkins: Chapter 38; p. 891-894 Cairo: Chapter 3, p. 78-81 2 Definitions Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is the therapeutic use of oxygen at pressures greater than

More information

First Aid Exercises 1

First Aid Exercises 1 First Aid Exercises 1 1 A N S W E R T H E Q U E S T I O N S I N Y O U R O W N W O R D S! What are the emergency numbers you should remember? What kind of information should you give when you call for help?

More information

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-25 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop the

More information

LESSON PLAN January 2007 COURSE TITLE: Surface Rescue Swimmer Courses, A

LESSON PLAN January 2007 COURSE TITLE: Surface Rescue Swimmer Courses, A LESSON PLAN January 2007 COURSE TITLE: Surface Rescue Swimmer Courses, A-050-0500 CLASSIFICATION: Unclassified LESSON TOPIC NUMBER: 4.2 LESSON TOPIC: Mask, Fins, and Snorkel ALLOTTED LESSON TIME: 1.0 Classroom

More information

LIFE ORIENTED FLIGHT TRAINING (LOFT) AND NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA IN F/A-18C HORNET SIMULATOR

LIFE ORIENTED FLIGHT TRAINING (LOFT) AND NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA IN F/A-18C HORNET SIMULATOR LIFE ORIENTED FLIGHT TRAINING (LOFT) AND NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA IN F/A-18C HORNET SIMULATOR Major Tuomo Leino, MD, PhD Pilot Physician Air Force Command Finland Disclosure Information 85 th Annual Scientific

More information

Occupational diver medical assessment questionnaire

Occupational diver medical assessment questionnaire Occupational diver medical assessment questionnaire Occupational divers in New Zealand must undergo a full diving medical examination every five years, or as determined by the Diving Medical Consultant

More information

AIR QUALITY. Safety is in the Air AVOIDING CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING WHILE SCUBA DIVING

AIR QUALITY. Safety is in the Air AVOIDING CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING WHILE SCUBA DIVING AIR QUALITY Safety is in the Air AVOIDING CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING WHILE SCUBA DIVING INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide poisoning and its influence on diving safety Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odourless, colourless

More information

1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system. Objective sheet 3 Notes

1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system. Objective sheet 3 Notes 1. Label a diagram of the respiratory system Objective sheet 3 Notes 2. Functions of the respiratory structures Name Description Function Nasal Cavity Trachea Bronchi (Singular Bronchus) Bronchioles Lungs

More information

FUNDAMENTAL CRITERIA FOR FIRST AID INTRODUCTION

FUNDAMENTAL CRITERIA FOR FIRST AID INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTAL CRITERIA FOR FIRST AID INTRODUCTION Soldiers may have to depend upon their first aid knowledge and skills to save themselves or other soldiers. They may be able to save a life, prevent

More information

Objectives: Assisting with Medication, Checking vital Signs

Objectives: Assisting with Medication, Checking vital Signs Assisting with Medication, Checking vital Signs Duty: Assist Client with Personal Hygiene Task : A.12 Remind client to take medication A.17 Check client s temperature A.18 Check client s pulse A.19 Check

More information

Systems of distribution

Systems of distribution Systems of distribution Outline Distribution of respiratory gases, and in blood Respiratory systems - transport of oxygen to tissues - radically different designs in mammals, birds, insects Vertebrate

More information

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore ALTITU DE For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,

More information

REEFTRIP.com. Medical Questionnaire Dive Medical Recreational AS Section Abbott Street, Cairns T: E:

REEFTRIP.com. Medical Questionnaire Dive Medical Recreational AS Section Abbott Street, Cairns T: E: REEFTRIP.com 100 Abbott Street, Cairns T: 07 4037 2700 E: info@reeftrip.com Medical Questionnaire Dive Medical Recreational AS4005.1 Please complete the following Section 1 1 Surname: Given Names 2 Date

More information

Important Notices. Mouthpiece. Used properly, POWERbreathe can be used safely by almost anyone without any harmful side effects.

Important Notices.  Mouthpiece. Used properly, POWERbreathe can be used safely by almost anyone without any harmful side effects. Mouthpiece Valve lower chamber tensioner knob End Cap load calibrated spring Important Notices Used properly, POWERbreathe can be used safely by almost anyone without any harmful side effects. 1. If you

More information

Medium, Climbing and Descending Turns

Medium, Climbing and Descending Turns Basic Concepts Medium, Climbing and Descending Turns A medium turn is defined as a turn using up to 30 degrees angle of bank. Climbing and descending turns are combined with medium turns within this briefing,

More information

Review of iterative design approach Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological

Review of iterative design approach Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological Review of iterative design approach Respiratory Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Vestibular Neurological 2001 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu Overview of the Design Process

More information

Hyndland Secondary School Biology Department

Hyndland Secondary School Biology Department Hyndland Secondary School Biology Department Body in Action Homework and Question Booklet 1 Body in Action (a) Movement... 2 Skeleton... 2 Joints... 3 Body in Action (b) The need for Energy... 5 Heart...

More information

RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION

RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION CHAPTER 13 RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION SECTION 13 1 The Respiratory System (pages 430-438) This section describes the parts of the respiratory system and how they work to help you breathe and speak. Introduction

More information

Aviation Merit Badge Knowledge Check

Aviation Merit Badge Knowledge Check Aviation Merit Badge Knowledge Check Name: Troop: Location: Test Score: Total: Each question is worth 2.5 points. 70% is passing Dan Beard Council Aviation Knowledge Check 1 Question 1: The upward acting

More information

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Patient Information

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Patient Information Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Patient Information One of only two in Wichita, Kansas, our hyperbaric oxygen chamber is truly unique. Hyperbaric therapy was originally used to treat deep sea divers who were

More information

STUDENT HEALTH CENTRE

STUDENT HEALTH CENTRE STUDENT HEALTH CENTRE Hyperventilation Hyperventilation signifies a too rapid and/or too deep breath. What is breathing? Through our chest and our abdominal muscles, we breathe air into and out of our

More information

Chapter 10 First Aid and Field Sanitation

Chapter 10 First Aid and Field Sanitation Review Questions Chapter 10 First Aid and Field Sanitation 1. True or False. The three reasons for performing first aid are to save lives, prevent further injuries, and prevent infection? 1. True 2. False

More information

DCI Demystified By Eric Hexdall, RN, CHRN Duke Dive Medicine

DCI Demystified By Eric Hexdall, RN, CHRN Duke Dive Medicine DCI Demystified By Eric Hexdall, RN, CHRN Duke Dive Medicine Everyone who takes a formal diver training course receives at least a basic education in the signs, symptoms, etiology, and prevention of pressure-related

More information

PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT

PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT CHAPTER 3 PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT INTRODUCTION Man has always wanted to fly. Legends from the very earliest times bear witness to this wish. Perhaps the most famous of these legends is the Greek myth about

More information

FCI Emergency Maneuver Training Web: Flight Training & Safety Newsletter Issue: 16 July 2003

FCI Emergency Maneuver Training Web:     Flight Training & Safety Newsletter Issue: 16 July 2003 FCI Emergency Maneuver Training Web: www.fcitraining.com Email: info@fcitraining.com Flight Training & Safety Newsletter Issue: 16 July 2003 Written by: Karl "Schlimmer" Schlimm karl@fightercombat.com

More information

CHAPTER 13: FIRST AID MEDICAL PROCEDURES

CHAPTER 13: FIRST AID MEDICAL PROCEDURES CHAPTER 13: FIRST AID MEDICAL PROCEDURES General Overview First aid cases include one-time treatment and subsequent observation of minor scratches, cuts, burns, splinters, and so forth, which do not ordinarily

More information

Ten Fathoms Under the Sea

Ten Fathoms Under the Sea Title: Ten Fathoms Under the Sea (Water Pressure) Grade Level(s): 6-8 Introduction: Pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted upon an object. Changes in pressure lead to the development of

More information

Respiratory System. Part 2

Respiratory System. Part 2 Respiratory System Part 2 Respiration Exchange of gases between air and body cells Three steps 1. Ventilation 2. External respiration 3. Internal respiration Ventilation Pulmonary ventilation consists

More information

Respiratory Signs: Tachypnea (RR>30/min), Desaturation, Shallow breathing, Use of accessory muscles Breathing sound: Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crepitation.

Respiratory Signs: Tachypnea (RR>30/min), Desaturation, Shallow breathing, Use of accessory muscles Breathing sound: Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crepitation. Respiratory Signs: Tachypnea (RR>30/min), Desaturation, Shallow breathing, Use of accessory muscles Breathing sound: Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crepitation. Paradoxical breathing Hyper-resonance on percussion:

More information

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-25 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop the

More information

Frenzel-Fattah Equalizing Workshop: Step-by-Step Guide to Optimal Equalizing for Freedivers and Scuba Divers Disclaimer: Table of Contents

Frenzel-Fattah Equalizing Workshop: Step-by-Step Guide to Optimal Equalizing for Freedivers and Scuba Divers Disclaimer: Table of Contents Frenzel-Fattah Equalizing Workshop: Step-by-Step Guide to Optimal Equalizing for Freedivers and Scuba Divers By Eric Fattah Copyright 2001, 2006. (Edited by Peter Scott, 2006) Comments, questions and suggestions

More information

Greenslopes Family Practice

Greenslopes Family Practice Greenslopes Family Practice 7 Plimsoll Street Greenslopes, QLD 4120 Tel: (07) 3397 1875 Fax: (07) 3397 3310 Medical Questionnaire Dive Medical Commercial AS2299 Please complete the following: (check boxes

More information

Toolbox Talk. Carbon Monoxide

Toolbox Talk. Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide Toolbox Talk Carbon monoxide defies all five human senses. You can t see it, smell it, touch it or taste it and you certainly can t hear this potentially deadly gas, which has been called

More information

Circulation and Respiration: Vital Signs Student Version

Circulation and Respiration: Vital Signs Student Version Circulation and Respiration: Vital Signs Student Version In this lab, you will learn about the circulatory and respiratory systems. You will test the capacity of your lungs, measure your blood pressure

More information

Respiration. Chapter 39

Respiration. Chapter 39 Respiration Chapter 39 Impacts, Issues Up in Smoke Smoking immobilizes ciliated cells and kills white blood cells that defend the respiratory system; highly addictive nicotine discourages quitting 39.1

More information

Nina Elisabeth N Storvik Theres Arulf

Nina Elisabeth N Storvik Theres Arulf Nina Elisabeth N Storvik Theres Arulf 1 Program Accident scene command and initial assessment Patient examination ABCDE -approach CPR Recovery position Bleedings Hypothermia - Frostbite Fractures Burns

More information