11/2/2017. Course Objectives. Overview

Transcription

1 Course Objectives The objective of this CBT module is to insure that personnel receive basic training in electrical safety. Every employee's work involves electricity. This may vary from typical electrical appliances found in an office (such as outlets, cords, coffee machines, computers, and copiers) to more dangerous high voltage work done only by trained and properly equipped electricians. Overview OSHA Safety Standards Require: Workers Be Properly Protected Against Injury Training Be Conducted Electrical Hazards And Precautions Be Explained An Electrical Safety Program Be Established Job Electrical Hazards Be Assessed and Controlled Personal Protective Equipment Be Provided 1

2 Employees of the company need to comply with The Company s policies and procedures dealing with electrical safety. While this program covers general points to be aware of concerning electrical safety for unqualified personnel, you should also be aware of site specific procedures for your work area and location. Because we use electricity for so many things, we often take it for granted. But electricity can be dangerous! And electrical accidents can have serious consequences: -Starting fires & explosions -Damaging machinery & equipment -Causing injuries, through shock or electrical burns We should exercise caution when working around and with electricity. To do that properly we need to know how electricity works, and the hazards that it brings with it. 2

3 All Employers Must: Safeguard Electrical Sources. Review Job Specific Hazards. Implement Corrective Actions. Conduct Hazard Assessments. Provide Training to All Required Employees. Control Workplace Hazards Using PPE As a Last Resort. 3

4 Training for Unqualified persons What is Electricity? Electrical current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Some of the terms we each need to be familiar with are: Volts (Pressure) Current (Measured in AMPS) Resistance (OHM s Law) How current effects the body: Voltage Current (AMPS) = Resistance of Body (Ohms) Training for Unqualified persons Effect of Electrical Shock is determined by: Amount of current (AMPS) Length of time a body part makes contact with electrical current Training for Unqualified persons Levels of Shock - Any electrical shock must be considered dangerous Mild Shock Severe Shock Deadly Shock > 5mA 5mA to 25 ma Greater than 25 ma Tingling Skin discoloration Minor burns Numbness/temporary analysis Pain Spasms/loss of muscle control Loss of consciousness Death 4

5 Training for Unqualified persons If you saw a person involved in an electrical shock situation, what would you do? Your safety first: Never use your hands to free a victim frozen by electric shock Shut power off Summon help As a last resort, and if safe to do so, use a dry, non-conductive object such as a wooden chair or broom handle. Training for Unqualified persons A GFCI is a device that detects voltage difference as little as 5 milliamps. At 5 milliamps, the power to the electrical tool is disconnected. A GFCI is an important safety device that should be used when operating tools or appliances at work and at home. (For example, hair dryers come equipped with a GFCI. Also, all new home construction requires outside and bathroom outlets to be GFCI protected.) Electrical Safe Work Practices: Using GFCIs (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupts) GFCI Photo depicts GFCI and taped electrical ends. Use of GFCIs on a process unit requires a hot work permit. Training for Unqualified persons Grounding -Grounding electrical circuits and electrical equipment is required to: Protect employees against electrical shock Safeguard against fire Prevent damage to electrical equipment Office appliances will either be equipped with a grounding prong or the appliance may be double insulated (no grounding prong is required). Never defeat the grounding prong. Do I have a grounding PRONG? 5

6 Training for Unqualified persons Grounding (continued ) The equipment grounding conductor provides a path to ground for dangerous current should the electrical insulation fail. Any problems with the equipment grounding conductor must be immediately reported. Nope, I Don t!? Retraining is required when there Is.. New Electrical Hazard. Program Related Injury. Change in Job Assignment. New Equipment Introduced. New Hazard Control Methods. Failure in the Safe Work Practices. Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency. Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency. 6

7 29 CFR The provisions of 29 CFR cover electrical safety work practices for both qualified and unqualified persons working on, near, or with: PREMISES WIRING WIRING FOR CONNECTIONS TO SUPPLY OUTSIDE CONDUCTORS ON PREMISES 7

8 The provisions of 29 CFR do not apply to electrical safety work practices for qualified and unqualified persons working on, or directly with: POWER GENERATION POWER TRANSMISSION POWER DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT SWITCH GEAR MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS UN-INTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS) Qualified Person A person who has the necessary training to avoid electrical hazards when working on or near exposed energized parts; who is familiar with the construction and operation of the specific equipment on the job; and who is familiar with the hazards of working on or near this electrical equipment or wiring. 8

9 Unqualified Person A person who has the necessary training to avoid electrical hazards when working on or near exposed energized parts; but who is not familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and hazards involved with the job. SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER Employees may not enter spaces containing exposed energized parts. Employees may not reach blindly into areas which may contain energized parts. 9

10 General Work must be performed in such a way so as to prevent electric shock or other injuries which may result from direct or indirect electrical contact, or from working near or on equipment or circuits which are, or may be, energized. The specific safely-related work practices must be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazards. Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts Only qualified persons may work on energized electrical parts and equipment. Such persons must be capable of working safely on energized circuits and must be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools. Overhead Lines Employees should stay away from overhead lines. If they are to perform work near overhead lines they should get these lines de-energized. Always observe the full required clearances for overhead lines. 10

11 Overhead Lines Watch for overhead electrical lines when: Operating a backhoe (both overhead & buried) Operating a JLG Operating a crane Using a ladder (aluminum ladders are prohibited in the refinery) Erecting scaffold Loading roll-off boxes Loading waste containers Digging trenches Note: The fireball at above is the result of contact between a person and high voltage lines LOCKOUT / TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety... Authorized Employee The Person Who Locks Out Machines to Perform Servicing or Maintenance. Affected Employee An Employee Whose Job Requires Him or Her to Operate or Use a Machine or Piece of Equipment On Which Servicing or Maintenance Is Being Performed. DANGER LOCKED OUT DO NOT OPERATE This Lock/Tag may only be removed by NAME: DEPT : EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: TIME: LOCKOUT / TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety (continued) While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits which have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts must be locked out, or tagged out, or both. Fixed equipment refers to equipment fastened in place, or connected by permanent wiring methods. The employer must also maintain a written copy of the procedures. 11

12 Application of Locks and Tags A lock and a tag must be placed on each disconnecting means of deenergizing circuits, as well as to equipment on which work is to be performed. The lock(s) must be securely attached. Application of Locks and Tags Each tag must contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation and removal of the tag. Application of Locks and Tags If the lock cannot be applied, or if the employer can demonstrate that tagging procedures will provide a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock, a tag may be used without a lock. 12

13 Application of Locks and Tags A tag used without a lock, must be supplemented by at least one additional safety measure that provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock. Examples include: Removal of an isolating circuit element Blocking of a controlling switch Opening of an extra disconnecting device Application of Locks and Tags A lock may be placed without a tag only under the following conditions: Only on a circuit or a piece of equipment that is de-energized. The lockout period does not extend past the work shift. Exposed employees are familiar with this procedure. LOCKOUT TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety A qualified person must test equipment to verify that the equipment cannot be restarted. A qualified person must use test equipment to test the circuit elements and electrical parts of the equipment to which employees will be exposed, and thereby verify that circuit elements and equipment parts are de-energized. 13

14 LOCKOUT TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety Tests shall be used to determine if any energized condition exists as a result of induced voltage or unrelated voltage back feed (holding a charge like a battery) even though the equipment has been deenergized and might be presumed to be safe. RE-ENERGIZATION SEQUENCE The following requirements must be met, in the ordergiven, before circuits or equipment are re-energized,...even temporarily. A qualified person must conduct tests and visual inspections, as necessary, to verify that all tools, electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such devices have been removed. Exposed employees must be warned to stay clear of circuits and equipment during re-energization. Re-energized Equipment Each lock and tag must be removed by the employee who applied it. If this employee cannot remove his lock or tag, it may be removed by the qualified person designated in your LO/TO procedure. 14

15 Confined Spaces In Electrical Safety Energized parts must be protected from accidental contact. Doors, hinged panels and the like must be secured to prevent them from contacting workers or live parts. Elevated Equipment Vehicles or mechanical equipment capable of having elevated parts near energized overhead lines must be operated so that a clearance of 10 ft (305 cm) is maintained. If the voltage is higher than 50 kv, the clearance must be increased 4 inches (10 cm) for every 10 kv over that voltage. 15

16 Elevated Equipment Clearance may be reduced if... If the vehicle is in transit with its structure lowered, the clearance may be reduced to 4 ft. (122 cm). If the voltage is higher than 50 kv, the clearance must be increased 4 in (10 cm) for every 10 kv over that voltage. Clearance may be reduced if: If insulating barriers are installed to prevent contact with the lines, and if the line being guarded is not an attachment to or part of the vehicle or its raised structure, then the clearance may be reduced to a distance within the designed working dimensions of the insulating barrier. Employees On the Ground Employees standing on the ground may not contact the vehicle or mechanical equipment or any of its attachments, unless: The employee is using protective equipment rated for the voltage; or The equipment is located so that no uninsulated part of its structure that is conductive can come closer than the approach distances outlined and permitted under 29 CFR

17 Flammable Materials Where flammable materials are present, electric equipment capable of igniting them must not be used, unless measures are taken to prevent hazardous conditions from developing. Such materials include, but are not limited to: flammable gasses, vapors, or liquids, combustible dust, O 2 or oxidizers. Portable Electric Equipment Handling- Portable equipment must be handled in a manner which will not cause damage. Flexible electric cords connected to the equipment may not be used for raising or lowering equipment. Flexible cords may not be fastened with staples or otherwise hung in such a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or insulation. 17

18 Portable Electric Equipment Visual Inspection- Portable cord and plug connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) must be visually inspected before use on any shift for external defects and for evidence of possible internal damage (such as pinched or crushed outer jacket). Cord and plug connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) which remain connected once they are put in place and are not exposed to damage need not be visually inspected until they are relocated. If there is a defect or evidence of damage they must be removed from service. Conductive Work Location Portable electric equipment and flexible cords used in highly conductive work locations (such as those inundated with water or other conductive liquids), or in job locations where employees are likely to contact water or conductive liquids, must be approved for those locations. Use of electrical tools with an arcing device on a process unit or other restricted arearequires a hot work permit. On a process unit, tape electrical connections at their connecting plugs. Doing this helps prevent disconnects and arcing. Connecting Attachment Plugs Employees hands may not be wet when plugging and unplugging flexible cords and cord-and-plug connected equipment, if energized equipment is involved. Energized plug and receptacle connections may be handled only with insulating protective equipment, where the condition of the connection could provide a conducting path to the employee s hand (for example, a cord connector that is wet from being immersed in water). Locking-type connectors must be properly secured after connection. 18

19 Test Instruments & Equipment -- Ratings Equipment and their Accessories must be rated for the circuits and equipment to which they will be connected, and must be designed for the environment in which they will be used. Protective Clothing & Equipment Considerations Appropriate for the particular hazard(s) Maintained in good condition Properly stored when not in use Kept clean, fully functional, and sanitary 19

20 Barriers & Signage Barriers and signage should be strategically placed in the work area to provide appropriate warnings. Signage SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER: Warning signs should be: Standardized where possible Distinctive from other signage Posted at the appropriate height Clearly warn personnel of the hazards and the hazard s severity Posted at all entry ways to the work area General Protective Equipment and Tools When working near energized parts, insulated tools or handling equipment must be used. Insulated tools and equipment must be protected from damage and periodically inspected for damage. 20

21 General Protective Equipment and Tools Fuse handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, must be used to remove or install fuses when the fuse terminals are energized. Ropes and hand lines used near exposed energized parts must be nonconductive. General Protective Equipment and Tools GENERAL PRECAUTIONS Protective shields, barriers, or insulating materials must be used to protect employees from electrical injuries while working near exposed energized parts. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair, they will be guarded to protect unqualified persons from contact with the live parts. 21

22 Working With Contractors Remember, you control your facility or area! Review their procedures with them before starting the job! Determine their safety performance records! Determine who is in charge of their personnel! Determine how they will affect our employees! must have non-conductive side rails if they are used where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized parts. 22

23 Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing may not be worn if they might contact exposed energized parts. However, such articles may be worn if they are rendered nonconductive by covering, wrapping, or other insulating means. 23

24 Where live parts present an electrical contact hazard, employees may not perform housekeeping duties at distances where there is a possibility of contact. Adequate safeguards (such as insulating equipment or barriers) must be provided. Electrically-conductive cleaning materials may not be used in proximity to energized parts unless procedures are followed which prevent electrical contact. Only a qualified person may defeat an electrical safety interlock, and then only temporarily...using established procedures, while he or she is working on the equipment. The interlock system must be returned to its operable condition when this work is competed. 24

25 Electricity is a powerful asset, but only when we use it safely. Whenever you are working with or around electricity, follow Company policies and procedures. Don t attempt to make electrical repairs unless you are qualified. Report any unsafe condition to your supervisor. Do not do work if you think it is unsafe! Use of electricity is an essential part of our work environment. A small amount of current can be dangerous if it flows through the body and its vital organs. Safe work practices include: Alwaysmaintain at least 10 feet of clearance between your tools and equipment, and any overhead electrical lines! Always use a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupt) when operating electrical tools with cords On a process unit, tape electrical connections at their connecting plugs to avoid disconnects and arcing. Protect extension cords against damage Inspect electrical tools and cords prior to each use Maintain at least 30 inches clearance in front of electrical panels Never perform work on an electrical system unless you are qualified to do so Always ensure that grounding systems are in good condition 25

26 Course Completed Next, take your final quiz for training credit. Thank-you 26