Non-floating Oil Spills: Structure and Outcomes
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1 Non-floating Oil Spills: Structure and Outcomes Plenary talks (getting everyone on the same page) Case Studies Submerged Oil Overview Biological Effects/Restoration
2 Non-floating Oil Spills: Structure and Outcomes Breakout Groups Detection and Monitoring Fate and Transport Containment and Recovery Effects and Restoration Protection of Water Intakes
3 Non-floating Oil Spills: Structure and Outcomes Group Reports Research Need Objectives Guidelines Potential Impediments or Enhancements to Research Application to the Decision-Making Process
4 Non-floating Oil Spills: Structure and Outcomes Workshop Report Tables generated by each group Synthesis into language for the preparation of study plans for future funding mechanisms or research proposals Workshop Summary based on discussions at last plenary session
5 Submerged Oil Overview Jacqueline Michel Research Planning, Inc.
6 Response Challenges for Nonfloating Oil Spills Detection of pooled oil on the bottom Detection/tracking of mobile oil suspended in the water column Predicting fate and transport of submerged oil Containment of oil on the bottom Containment of suspended oil
7 Response Challenges for Nonfloating Oil Spills Protection of water intakes Submerged oil recovery Submerged oil injury assessment and resource restoration
8 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Needs for detection of pooled oil on the bottom Thickness (generally thin 1-10 cm) Dimension of oil accumulations Patch size or percent cover in accumulation Need to estimate volume/area
9 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Visible Surveys Clear water only Need diver validation/thickness measure Rapid turnaround of results Standard spill response method
10 Morris J. Berman, Puerto Rico
11 Lake Wabamum, Canada
12 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Diver Observations/Video Water visibility/depth/wx limits Need divers anyway for validation Low areal coverage/poor quantification Contaminated diving expertise limited
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15 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom ROV Video/Photography Water visibility/wx limits Systems with good GPS tracking of ROV Not much experience in response community on capabilities Need rapid post-processing to produce useful products (georeferenced oil maps)
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17 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Sorbent Drops Sorbent material attached to weights, dropped/dragged a short distance, then inspected for oil Embarrassingly crude but simple First used in 1984 at Mobiloil spill in Columbia River; latest in 2003 at Athos 1
18 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Chain drags/v-sors Sorbent material attached to chains and dragged some distance, then inspected for oil Used at many submerged oil spills as an initial search strategy Provides data only on relative amounts of oil within drag area Many limitations, but still useful
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20 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Acoustic Systems Lots of good capabilities (no water clarity limits, georeferenced, good areal coverage rates, 2D imagery, available technology) Lots of limitations (detection limits for oil thickness, patch size; substrate effects; postprocessing time; water depth; needs validation) Little experience in response community
21 DBL 152 Debris Field and Trench
22 DBL 152 Oil Patch (?)
23 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Oil on the Bottom Chemical Detection Systems Only experience is with field fluorometers for oil in the water column Potential technologies available Effects of suspended oil (dissolved/ particulate), physical processes/transport Correlation of signal with amount of oil?
24 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Mobile Oil Detection of mobile oil suspended in the water column Can be dynamic/episodic at different timescales Can be along bottom/just under the surface Desperate need for quantification of amount
25 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Suspended Oil Stationary sorbent systems Snare on ropes, in pots; on the bottom and in the water column Uses readily available response materials Provide good info on vertical distribution No quantification or calibration of efficiency
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27 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Suspended Oil Trawled Systems Mostly fish nets with snare Used as recently as Lake Wabamum There are commercial oil recovery nets in the UK, never used in US Better designs could be used for quantification
28 Non-floating Oil Spills: Detection of Suspended Oil Chemical Sensors Only experience is with field fluorometry Can sample different water depths Need better understanding/calibration between dissolved and suspended oil Fouling, contamination issues
29 Non-floating Oil Spills: Predicting Fate and Transport Processes that determine when oil submerges Oil/sediment interactions Processes that determine submerged oil movement Weathering of submerged oil Data gaps to provide better predictions
30 HEAVY
31 Non-floating Oil Spills: Protection of Intakes What are thresholds for different water uses and treatment systems (always 0?) What detection methods are available? How do we communicate effectively with operators? Effective protection strategies
32 Non-floating Oil Spills: Containment/Protection of Intakes Filter fences Geotextile fabric - Lake Wabamum Snare monster - Athos 1 Silt curtains Air bubble curtains - Lake Wabamum Net booms
33 Non-floating Oil Spills: Oil Containment/Protection of Intakes Obvious need for improved technologies Need better site assessment/engineering design to improve effectiveness under typical current/flow conditions at intakes Need for systems to contain oil suspended during bottom oil recovery operations
34 Non-floating Oil Spills: Containment of Oil on Bottom Bottom booms, in theory Permeable barriers to allow water to pass but retain oil Bottom currents, oil resuspension processes are poorly understood Oil can re-suspended during high-energy events
35 Non-floating Oil Spills: Recovery of Oil on Bottom Diver directed pumping Reduce water/increase oil recovery rates Improve pumping rates Improve oil pickup efficiency (sleds with larger vacuum units, hose management, oil concentration methods)
36 Athos 1 - Venezuela Crude Oil
37 Non-floating Oil Spills: Recovery of Oil on Bottom ROV directed pumping Deeper water; diver safety Reduce water/increase oil recovery rates Improve pumping rates Improve oil recovery
38 Non-floating Oil Spills: Recovery of Oil on Bottom Dredges Appropriate types/dredge heads Emergency modifications for oil recovery Emergency permitting issues
39 Non-floating Oil Spills: Recovery of Oil on Bottom Decanting systems Always ad hoc, under designed, and often fail, lots of trial and error Need guidelines and calculation tools Consider droplet size, flow rates, oil behavior (float or not) Still need to use readily available materials
40 Morris J. Berman, Puerto Rico
41 Athos 1 Decanting - Oil Floated
42 Athos 1 Decant System
43 Lake Wabmum - Tarball Recovery/Decanting
44 Non-floating Oil Spills: Injury Assessment/Restoration What are likely effects based on exposure pathways (smothering, coating, low aquatic toxicity, ingestion) Biological assessment and monitoring approaches? Methods for scaling of injury? Restoration options?
45 Submerged Oil Summary Need new technologies for detecting, tracking, modeling, containing, protecting, recovering, decanting, assessing, restoring But, they need to be emergency ready Your charge next 1.5 days: Identify R&D projects to meet these needs
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