Helium Mass Spectrometric Leak Detection In Large Size Process Plants

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Helium Mass Spectrometric Leak Detection In Large Size Process Plants"

Transcription

1 National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE 2014, Pune, December 4-6, 2014 (NDE-India 2014) Vol.20 No.6 (June 2015) - The e-journal of Nondestructive Testing - ISSN Helium Mass Spectrometric Leak Detection In Large Size Process Plants Venkat N. Ramani Plasma & Vacuum Technologies, Plot No 17, Road 1/A, GIDC Kathwada, Ahmedabad, India vnramani@gmail.com Abstract. Helium Mass Spectrometric Leak Detection has evolved over the years as a very reliable and highly sensitive technique for the detection of leaks in industrial process plants. When the method is applied on-line in a process plant, the process gas, temperature and vacuum levels present serious problems for reliable and sensitive detection of leaks. This paper addresses a specific technique of utilizing a specially designed permeator to solve this problem and apply this sensitive technique for on-line detection of leaks in process plants operating in vacuum atmosphere over a wide range. Keywords: Leak Detection, He-MSLD, Helium Leak detection, on-line leak detection. Introduction Helium Leak Detection using Mass Spectrometric technique is a Leak Testing method in NDT [1]. It is attributed as the ultimate technique for sensitive leak detection. Laboratory experiments conducted all over the world have shown that leak rates as low as Pa m 3 /s or even less can be measured using this method [2,3]. The application of this technique to laboratory and small vacuum systems has been amply exploited. In this technique of leak detection, the Helium Leak Detector is connected to the vacuum system and Helium is sprayed at the test points using a gun. The application of this technique to the industrial systems and process plants has grown over the last decade as it offers a highly sensitive and very reliable method for the detection of leak. Helium Leak Detection in a pressurized system is achieved using Helium Sniffing method. The vessel is pressurized with Helium, fully or partially, and the escaping helium from the fault locations is detected by a sniff probe connected to the Helium Mass Spectrometric Leak Detector. The detection sensitivity or more appropriately the limit of detection is lower in sniffing method as compared to spray method, which can be easily understood as due to the ambient pressure condition and the prevailing concentration of helium in atmosphere. The sensitivity of Sniffing method does not depend on the size of plant, provided the helium pressure in the vessel is maintained same. However, the high consumption of helium is a point of consideration and this concern is mitigated to some extent by use of allowed mixture of Nitrogen and helium. Background helium level sensed by the detector is also a point of consideration. This aspect, more often than not, determines the limit of detection. Yet another point of consideration in sniff method is that it can be carried out only offline. Hence sniff method is almost always used to detect leaks in vessels prior to installation or after detaching the vessels from installation. On the other hand, the spray method can be used on-line, provided the sensitivity and response time of detection are adequate for the relevant range of leaks.

2 The application of Spray method to large sized systems faces a complex problem due to low sensitivity and large response time. Further, when the method is applied in a process plant, the process gas, temperature and vacuum levels compound the problem of reliable and sensitive detection of leaks. In this paper, we present a specific technique of utilizing a specially designed permeator which resolves these problems for the application to on-line detection of leaks in process plants operating in vacuum atmosphere over a wide range. When a Mass Spectrometric Helium Leak Detector is connected to a vacuum system, a background helium signal is observed, which is due to the flow of residual helium from the system through the leak detector. The magnitude of the background signal depends on the vacuum level and generally it is very negligible (about 10-9 Pa m 3 /s or less) in vacuum systems operating at 1 Pa or below. However this value becomes very high (about 10-5 Pa m 3 /s or high) when the vacuum level is about 100 Pa or more. Thus it reduces the sensitivity of detection and limits the application of the technique. When a permeator is placed in the path connecting the Leak Detector to the system, relatively more helium flows to the Detector than the remaining gases. This reduces the background, increases the sensitivity of detection and eases the application of the technique over a large range of vacuum. Experiments were conducted with three specially designed permeators and the observed results on sensitivity and its variation over a wide vacuum range 1000 to 10-3 mbar. The experiments and obtained results are discussed in the paper. Development of Technique The development of technique involved 2 aspects : (i) developing permeators; and (ii) establishing a set-up for the study of the performance of the permeator. The experimental set-up established is given in figure 1.

3 The development of permeator involved making a diaphragm or a film, uniformly thick, having a reasonable area, through which adequate helium can permeate while the other gases like oxygen, nitrogen, etc. find it as a barrier. After many trials with thin metallic membranes (made of inconel, aluminium, copper), thin quartz disc, and various elastomer discs, it was decided to use three discs, made of PTFE, with a diameter ~ 20 mm for this study. The thickness of first permeator was ~150 microns, second ~100 microns and third ~50 microns. The discs were mounted inside a stainless steel cylindrical pipe having standard KF25 end flanges. The experimental set-up was designed to provide a typical situation that is envisaged in process systems. The vessel used is a large rectangular vacuum furnace chamber (1.5 m x 0.6 m x 1.2 m height) and it was pumped using a Roots Pump (Hind High Vacuum make, RD500) and Rotary pump (Hind High Vacuum make, CD120) combination. The ultimate vacuum achievable in the chamber was better than 10-3 mbar. A combination of 2 capacitance manometers (Alcatel make ASD2001 and ASD2004) measured the vacuum level over the range 1000 to mbar. With the help of variable leak valve V1, any vacuum in the range of 1000 to 10-3 mbar could be steadily maintained in the chamber. The permeator was connected to the pumping line through an isolation

4 valve V3. The other end of the permeator was connected to a mass spectrometric helium leak detector [MSLD] (Alcatel make, ASM310) through an isolation valve V6. A standard calibrated leak-1 (Hind High Vacuum make, Model HSL 101, 2.6 x 10-8 mbar l s -1 ) was used for the instrument calibration of the Helium Leak Detector. Using vacuum lines with valves V2, V4, V5 and V6 as shown in schematic, and using the Rotary Vacuum Pump 2 (Hind High Vacuum make, Model ED6) along with Pirani Gauge 2 (Hind High Vacuum make, Model DHPG-222), appropriate vacuum levels were created for connecting the Standard Leak and Permeator to MSLD. Another calibrated leak Standard Leak-2, was connected to the chamber. At low vacuum (> above 0.1 mbar) and high helium background values (> 10-4 mbar l s -1 ), the standard leak-2 used was of a higher value (Alcatel make, Model FV3, 1.0 x 10-4 mbar l s -1 ). At high vacuum (below 0.1 mbar) and low helium background values (< 10-4 mbar l s -1 ), the standard leak-2 used was of a lower value (Hind High vacuum make, HSL101, 1.0 x 10-6 mbar l s -1 ). This standard Leak is equivalent to a typical leak in chamber. Using vacuum lines with valves V7, V8 and V9 as shown in schematic, and using the Rotary Vacuum Pump 1 (Hind High Vacuum make, Model ED6) along with Pirani Gauge 1 (Hind High Vacuum make, Model DHPG-222), appropriate vacuum levels were created for connecting the Standard Leak-2 to chamber without affecting the vacuum level in chamber. Experiment and Observations The Instrument calibration was first performed on MSLD using the standard leak-1 and the sensitivity of the instrument was noted to be better than 1.0x10-9 mbar l s -1. Permeator-I (150 micron thick diaphragm) was introduced in the vacuum circuit at the location shown in the schematic. With this permeator, it was found that the MSLD could be operated at around 300 mbar. The background level in MSLD was ~ 8.0x10-8 mbar l s -1. When the standard leak-2 was introduced into the chamber, the observed signal was ~ 8.1x10-8 mbar l s -1. The standard leak value was 1.0x10-4 mbar l s -1, and the sensitivity was evaluated as 1.0x10-5. The experiment was repeated at vacuum levels 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 mbar. On the high vacuum side, below 0.1 mbar no helium signal was detected, when the calibrated standard leak-2 was introduced. The observed background signal and sensitivities are plotted in figure 2. The permeator-i was replaced by Permeator-II and the experiment repeated. The observed background signals and sensitivities are plotted in figure 2. Please note that with Permeator-II, MSLD could be turned on only after 100 mbar vacuum was reached in chamber. Also it was found that the background decreased as the chamber vacuum level improved and the sensitivity factor was more than that for Permeator-I. On the high vacuum side, below 0.01 mbar no signal was detected. It is clearly seen that the detection range of vacuum has got shifted in the pressure scale. The entire experiment was then repeated with Permeator-III, having a diaphragm thickness lower than that of Permeator-II. It was found that this permeator worked well in the range 10 to mbar chamber vacuum and the senstitivity was found to be ~ 0.05, which is higher than that of other permeators earlier described.

5 Discussion The sensitivity of Helium detection is found to be higher in Permeator-III when compared to Permeator-II. Permeator-I is found to have the lowest sensitivity among the three. This is in conjunction with the fact that the permeation of helium would increase with decrease in thickness of diaphragm material and hence the sensitivity also would correspondingly increase. There is an effect of background signal increase, but the sensitivity was found to be nearly constant in the range of operation. The observed upper limit of functioning of a permeator is due to the large background helium level and the lower limit is due to the fact that the fraction of helium going to MSLD as compared to the main vacuum pump has become negligible. Conclusions Experiments conducted with specially designed permeators introduced between the MSLD and vacuum pumping line during the Helium Leak Detection of a large vessel, show that the helium leak detection method can be extended to wider range of operating vacuum. It is easily seen that this technique can be applied to detect leaks of size, 10-6 to 10-4 std cc/s on-line with good sensitivity and reliability in large size process plants.

6 References [1] L. N. Rozanov, Vacuum Technique, Edited by M H Hablanian, Taylor & Francis 2002 [2] Non-Destructive Testing Handbook, 3 rd Edition, Vol 1, Leak Testing, Ed by Patrick O. Moore, Published by ASNT, USA [3] A. Roth, Vacuum Technology, in: North Holland, pp

Helium Leak Detection by Detector Probe Technique : Is it a Leak Detection or Concentration Detection Method?

Helium Leak Detection by Detector Probe Technique : Is it a Leak Detection or Concentration Detection Method? More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=21225 Helium Leak Detection by Detector Probe Technique : Is it a Leak Detection or Concentration Detection Method? Venkat N. Ramani PLASMA & VACUUM

More information

VIC offers a variety of Calibrated Gas Leaks

VIC offers a variety of Calibrated Gas Leaks CALIBRATED GAS LEAKS VIC offers a high quality line of calibrated gas leaks traceable to National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). Calibrated gas leaks are used to provide a controlled delivery

More information

Chapter 6 Leak detection

Chapter 6 Leak detection Chapter 6 Leak detection 1 2 1. Leak rate q L = V p t mbar l s -1 A leak rate of 1 mbar l s -1 exists in a closed vessel having a volume of 1 liter when the pressure increases by 1 mbar within one second,

More information

A Journal of Practical and Useful Vacuum Technology. By Phil Danielson

A Journal of Practical and Useful Vacuum Technology. By Phil Danielson A Journal of Practical and Useful Vacuum Technology From By Phil Danielson Thermal Conductivity Gauges Thermal conductivity pressure gauges are extremely common in vacuum technology, but an understanding

More information

Current Trends in Leak Testing Technology. A. P. Fonseca, H. P. Marques, A. M. C. Moutinho and O. M. N. D. Teodoro

Current Trends in Leak Testing Technology. A. P. Fonseca, H. P. Marques, A. M. C. Moutinho and O. M. N. D. Teodoro Current Trends in Leak Testing Technology A. P. Fonseca, H. P. Marques, A. M. C. Moutinho and O. M. N. D. Teodoro METROVAC Laboratório de Tecnologia e Metrologia de Vácuo CEFITEC, Departamento de Física,

More information

Flow in a shock tube

Flow in a shock tube Flow in a shock tube April 30, 05 Summary In the lab the shock Mach number as well as the Mach number downstream the moving shock are determined for different pressure ratios between the high and low pressure

More information

Advantages of Carrier Gas Leak Detection using Novel Helium or Hydrogen Leak Detectors with Specific Sensor Types

Advantages of Carrier Gas Leak Detection using Novel Helium or Hydrogen Leak Detectors with Specific Sensor Types 19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Advantages of Carrier Gas Leak Detection using Novel Helium or Hydrogen Leak Detectors with Specific Sensor Types Klaus HERRMANN 1, Daniel WETZIG

More information

Development of a high vacuum sample preparation system for helium mass spectrometer

Development of a high vacuum sample preparation system for helium mass spectrometer Journal of Physics: Conference Series Development of a high vacuum sample preparation system for helium mass spectrometer To cite this article: P Kumar et al 2012 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 390 012056 View the

More information

Very Large Scale Vacuum Systems

Very Large Scale Vacuum Systems Very Large Scale Vacuum Systems Introduction I am Derek Thomas This presentation is about Urenco at Capenhurst Good timing, it s 40 years since we set up Urenco Contents The company: Urenco Enrichment-

More information

The Helium Leak Detector

The Helium Leak Detector The Helium Leak Detector Helium Leak Detector Main Components The main components of a helium leak detector are: 1. The analyzed, which enables to separate the tracer gas from other gases inside leak detector.

More information

Development of Helium Leak Testing System and Procedure for testing Welds of Steam Generator

Development of Helium Leak Testing System and Procedure for testing Welds of Steam Generator Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 7 (2011) 6 638 644 1 5 Asian Nuclear Prospects 2010 Development of Helium Leak Testing System and Procedure for testing Welds of Steam Generator

More information

On-Stream Tightness Testing of Vacuum Process Installations

On-Stream Tightness Testing of Vacuum Process Installations ECNDT 2006 - Tu.2.6.3 On-Stream Tightness Testing of Vacuum Process Installations André de JONGE, Leak Detection Group, DCI Meettechniek B.V., Kapelle, The Netherlands DCI Meettechniek. -DCI was founded

More information

Fig. 1: Mechanical vacuum gauge (left) and capacitive vacuum gauge (right)

Fig. 1: Mechanical vacuum gauge (left) and capacitive vacuum gauge (right) Dear Readers! This is your 4pvd Newsletter. We hope you enjoy the information it contains. If you wish to unsubscribe, please send a blank Email to unsubscribe@4pvd.de June 1 st, 2006, Issue No. 24 Principles

More information

Comparative Study of Oxygen Permeation Through Polymers and Gas Barrier Films

Comparative Study of Oxygen Permeation Through Polymers and Gas Barrier Films Comparative Study of Oxygen Permeation Through Polymers and Gas Barrier Films H. Nörenberg and C. Deng, University of Oxford, Department of Materials, United Kindgom; H.-J. Kosmella, GKSS Geesthacht/Teltow,

More information

Development of high pressure-high vacuum-high conductance piston valve for gas-filled radiation detectors

Development of high pressure-high vacuum-high conductance piston valve for gas-filled radiation detectors Journal of Physics: Conference Series Development of high pressure-high vacuum-high conductance piston valve for gas-filled radiation detectors To cite this article: D N Prasad et al 2008 J. Phys.: Conf.

More information

This educational seminar discusses creating, measuring, and troubleshooting Rough Vacuum.

This educational seminar discusses creating, measuring, and troubleshooting Rough Vacuum. This educational seminar discusses creating, measuring, and troubleshooting Rough Vacuum. Specifically, today s talk will cover: Brief review of Vacuum Fundamentals Applications Using Rough Vacuum Rough

More information

Leak Checking Large Vacuum Chambers

Leak Checking Large Vacuum Chambers Leak Checking Large Vacuum Chambers Technical Overview Vacuum Technologies Introduction Understanding the pump-down characteristics of a large vacuum vessel is critical for determining whether the vacuum

More information

Applications of a Magnetic Sector Process Mass Spectrometer to the Analysis of Variable Vacuum Samples

Applications of a Magnetic Sector Process Mass Spectrometer to the Analysis of Variable Vacuum Samples Applications of a Magnetic Sector Process Mass Spectrometer to the Analysis of Variable Vacuum Samples Outline of Presentation Introduction Process Gas Analysis Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometer Standard

More information

APPENDIX 1. PART 10: Leak Detection Inspector, Level 1, 2 and 3 CERTIFICATION SCHEME FOR PERSONNEL. 3 rd Edition, February 2016

APPENDIX 1. PART 10: Leak Detection Inspector, Level 1, 2 and 3 CERTIFICATION SCHEME FOR PERSONNEL. 3 rd Edition, February 2016 CERTIFICATION SCHEME FOR PERSONNEL Document No. CSWIP-ISO-NDT-11/93-R Requirements for the Certification of Personnel Engaged in Non- Destructive Testing in accordance with the requirements of BS EN ISO

More information

AGILENT TURBOMOLECULAR PUMPS MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY

AGILENT TURBOMOLECULAR PUMPS MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY AGILENT TURBOMOLECULAR PUMPS MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY Agilent Vacuum Products: Our Committment to Quality Agilent s commitment to quality and Measurement s philosophy Reference Standards (PNEUROP, ISO)

More information

ALU-CD 12, ALU-CD 25, ALU-CD 35, ALU-CD

ALU-CD 12, ALU-CD 25, ALU-CD 35, ALU-CD Operating Manual ALU-CD 12, ALU-CD 25, ALU-CD 35, ALU-CD 50 und ALU-CD 60 KGW - ISOTHERM Gablonzer Straße 6 76185 Karlsruhe Germany Tel: 0049 / 721 95897-0 Fax: 0049 / 721 95897-77 Internet: www.kgw-isotherm.com

More information

The Experts in Vacuum Solutions

The Experts in Vacuum Solutions By Woodrow Farrow - Reprinted with permission from Specialty Gas Report Vacuum: a space that is relatively empty of matter, especially when that void has been created through artificial means. The earth

More information

Vacuum. Dry Turbo Pumping Stations. Roughing Pumps for 1 K Helium Pots and Lambda Refrigerators. Hermetically Sealed Pumps for He3 Recirculation

Vacuum. Dry Turbo Pumping Stations. Roughing Pumps for 1 K Helium Pots and Lambda Refrigerators. Hermetically Sealed Pumps for He3 Recirculation Cryogenics Vacuum Dry Turbo Pumping Stations Roughing Pumps for 1 K Helium Pots and Lambda Refrigerators Hermetically Sealed Pumps for He3 Recirculation Oils, Filters and Traps Valves, Fittings and Adaptors

More information

TOPIC: KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [2.5/2.7] An atmospheric pressure of 15.0 psia is equivalent to... A psig. B psig. C psig.

TOPIC: KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [2.5/2.7] An atmospheric pressure of 15.0 psia is equivalent to... A psig. B psig. C psig. P73 An atmospheric pressure of 15.0 psia is equivalent to... A. 30.0 psig. B. 29.4 psig. C. 14.7 psig. D. 0.0 psig. ANSWER: D. P273 A pressure gauge on a condenser reads 27.0 inches Hg vacuum. What is

More information

GPP model GPPT model GPC model CLP model

GPP model GPPT model GPC model CLP model CHOOSING A CALIBRATOR FOR HELIUM LEAK DETECTORS Unique Vacuum Solutions deals with four models of Calibrated Leak Standards for calibrating Helium Leak Detectors and Leak Testing Systems so that one is

More information

Monitoring Gas Pressure in Vacuum Insulation Panels

Monitoring Gas Pressure in Vacuum Insulation Panels Gas Pressure in VIP Monitoring Gas Pressure in Vacuum Insulation Panels Dr. Roland Caps, va-q-tec AG, Karl-Ferdinand-Braun-Str. 7, D-978 Würzburg, Germany, www.va-qtec.com, caps@va-q-tec.com, Hermann Beyrichen,

More information

Introduction of Vacuum Science & Technology. Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project.

Introduction of Vacuum Science & Technology. Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project. Introduction of Vacuum Science & Technology Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project. 1 What is a vacuum? 760 mm Hg Vacuum ATM A vacuum is defined as less than

More information

Quantitative study of sniffer leak rate and pressure drop leak rate of liquid nitrogen panels of SST-1 tokamak

Quantitative study of sniffer leak rate and pressure drop leak rate of liquid nitrogen panels of SST-1 tokamak Journal of Physics: Conference Series Quantitative study of sniffer leak rate and pressure drop leak rate of liquid nitrogen panels of SST-1 tokamak To cite this article: F S Pathan et al 2008 J. Phys.:

More information

The latest automotive systems require innovative leak test methods and fixturing.

The latest automotive systems require innovative leak test methods and fixturing. Leak Testing Auto Parts The latest automotive systems require innovative leak test methods and fixturing. In the past, automobile manufacturers only required basic forms of leak testing to check standard

More information

Selecting the right pressure sensor for your application

Selecting the right pressure sensor for your application Selecting the right pressure sensor for your application This guide from Acal BFi details the key factors that you must consider when selecting a pressure sensor for your application. Selecting the best

More information

Plasma. Argon Production Helium Liquefaction Truck Loading Pure Gas Bottling

Plasma. Argon Production Helium Liquefaction Truck Loading Pure Gas Bottling SERVOPRO Plasma The SERVOPRO Plasma is a Plasma Emission Detector based analyser designed to continuously measure Nitrogen in pure Argon for process and quality control in Argon production within Cryogenic

More information

Vacuum Science Techniques and Applications Dan Dessau Adv. Lab 2007

Vacuum Science Techniques and Applications Dan Dessau Adv. Lab 2007 Vacuum Science Techniques and Applications Dan Dessau Adv. Lab 2007 Vacuum increases the mean-free-path of gas molecules. Vacuum prevents chemical reaction. Vacuum removes contaminants from surfaces. Vacuum

More information

A NOVEL SENSOR USING REMOTE PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF VACUUM WEB COATING PROCESSES

A NOVEL SENSOR USING REMOTE PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF VACUUM WEB COATING PROCESSES A NOVEL SENSOR USING REMOTE PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY FOR MONITORING AND CONTROL OF VACUUM WEB COATING PROCESSES F. Papa 1, J. Brindley 2, T. Williams 2, B. Daniel 2, V. Bellido-Gonzalez 2, Dermot Monaghan

More information

The Principles of Vacuum Technology

The Principles of Vacuum Technology The Principles of Vacuum Technology Vacuum Terminology Vacuum units Vacuum regimes How to measure vacuum. Gauge designs. How to create vacuum Pump classifications and designs UHV compatibility considerations

More information

Introductory Lab: Vacuum Methods

Introductory Lab: Vacuum Methods Introductory Lab: Vacuum Methods Experiments in Modern Physics (P451) In this lab you will become familiar with the various components of the lab vacuum system. There are many books on this topic one of

More information

A Reliable and Tracer Gas Independent Leak Detector for Food Packages

A Reliable and Tracer Gas Independent Leak Detector for Food Packages 19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 A Reliable and Tracer Gas Independent Leak Detector for Food Packages Silvio DECKER 1 1 INFICON GmbH, Köln, Germany Contact e-mail: Silvio.Decker@inficon.com-

More information

Operating Manual ALU 7 - ALU 10 - ALU 20 - ALU 26 ALU 35 - ALU 60 - ALU 100

Operating Manual ALU 7 - ALU 10 - ALU 20 - ALU 26 ALU 35 - ALU 60 - ALU 100 Operating Manual ALU 7 - ALU 10 - ALU 20 - ALU 26 ALU 35 - ALU 60 - ALU 100 KGW - ISOTHERM Gablonzer Str. 6 76185 Karlsruhe Germany Tel: 0049 / 721 95897-0 Fax: 0049 / 721 95897-77 Internet: www.kgw-isotherm.com

More information

Generating Calibration Gas Standards

Generating Calibration Gas Standards Technical Note 1001 Metronics Inc. Generating Calibration Gas Standards with Dynacal Permeation Devices Permeation devices provide an excellent method of producing known gas concentrations in the PPM and

More information

Influence of Reynolds number on Cd of Critical flow venturi nozzle and validation with ISO standards

Influence of Reynolds number on Cd of Critical flow venturi nozzle and validation with ISO standards flotek.g 2017- Innovative Solutions in Flow Measurement and Control -Oil, Water and Gas August 28-30, 2017, FCRI, Palakkad, Kerala, India Influence of Reynolds number on Cd of Critical flow venturi nozzle

More information

Revision 2013 Vacuum Technology 1-3 day Good Vacuum Practice 1 Day Course Outline

Revision 2013 Vacuum Technology 1-3 day Good Vacuum Practice 1 Day Course Outline Revision 2013 Vacuum Technology 1-3 day Good Vacuum Practice 1 Day Course Outline This training course outline is intended to cover the following: Introduction to vacuum Measurement Lubricated rotary pumps

More information

Quantification of Contamination Using Quartz Crystal Thickness Monitors

Quantification of Contamination Using Quartz Crystal Thickness Monitors Quantification of Contamination Using Quartz Crystal Thickness Monitors Christopher G. Morgan, Mark M. Gleason and Ronald Vane XEI Scientific, Inc. 1755 E. Bayshore Rd., Suite 17 Redwood City, CA 9463

More information

Level MEASUREMENT 1/2016

Level MEASUREMENT 1/2016 Level MEASUREMENT 1/2016 AGENDA 2 A. Introduction B. Float method C. Displacer method D. Hydrostatic pressure method E. Capacitance method G. Ultrasonic method H. Radar method I. Laser method J. Level

More information

Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices

Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices Oneida Research Services, Inc. 8282 Halsey Road Whitesboro, NY 13492 Phone: (315) 736-5480 FAX: (315) 736-9321 1.0 Purpose The

More information

Instrumentation & Data Acquisition Systems

Instrumentation & Data Acquisition Systems Instrumentation & Data Acquisition Systems Section 3 -Level Robert W. Harrison, PE Bob@TheHarrisonHouse.com Made in USA 1 Level Section Question Which level measuring technology is the best solution when

More information

The New PHD 4 Portable Helium Detector

The New PHD 4 Portable Helium Detector The New PHD 4 Portable Helium Detector SPECIAL FEATURES: High Sensitivity to Helium Easy to Use Truly Portable Versatile Dependable The system is designed to allow easy replacement of sampling line components

More information

Regulatory Concerns for Leakage Testing of Packagings with Three 0-Ring Closure Seals

Regulatory Concerns for Leakage Testing of Packagings with Three 0-Ring Closure Seals Regulatory Concerns for Leakage Testing of Packagings with Three 0-Ring Closure Seals John J. Oras Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, II 60439-4825 Robert H. Towell Eagle Research Group, Inc. Germantown,

More information

Barrier Development and Evaluation Methodology. D.S. Musgrave 1 1 Thermal Visions, Inc., Granville, USA

Barrier Development and Evaluation Methodology. D.S. Musgrave 1 1 Thermal Visions, Inc., Granville, USA Barrier Development and Evaluation Methodology D.S. Musgrave 1 1 Thermal Visions, Inc., Granville, USA 1. Introduction: Vacuum insulation is now a rapidly expanding market and technical advances are being

More information

BEST KNOWN METHODS. Transpector XPR3 Gas Analysis System. 1 of 6 DESCRIPTION XPR3 APPLICATIONS PHYSICAL INSTALLATION

BEST KNOWN METHODS. Transpector XPR3 Gas Analysis System. 1 of 6 DESCRIPTION XPR3 APPLICATIONS PHYSICAL INSTALLATION BEST KNOWN METHODS Transpector XPR3 Gas Analysis System DESCRIPTION The Transpector XPR3 is a third-generation, quadrupole-based residual gas analyzer that operates at PVD process pressures and is the

More information

Measurement of Low GAS & Liquid Flows

Measurement of Low GAS & Liquid Flows Measurement of Low GAS & Liquid Flows The Measurement Measurement with a float in a tapered borosilicate glass tube. Series 2100 with a 100 mm flow tube Series 2150 with a 150 mm flow tube Series 2300

More information

LEAK TESTING UNDER WATER

LEAK TESTING UNDER WATER The 8 th International Conference of the Slovenian Society for Non-Destructive Testing»Application of Contemporary Non-Destructive Testing in Engineering«September 1-3, 2005, Portorož, Slovenia, pp. 369-374

More information

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12 LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/ This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the rates with which selected

More information

GA / 3.02 TL 4 TL 6. Cat. No Calibrated leaks GA / 3.02 TL 4 TL 6. Cat. No

GA / 3.02 TL 4 TL 6. Cat. No Calibrated leaks GA / 3.02 TL 4 TL 6. Cat. No O P E R A T I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S GA 10.18 / 3.02 TL 4 TL 6 Cat. No. 155 65 155 66 Calibrated leaks O P E R A T I N G I N S T R U C T I O N S GA 10.18 / 3.02 TL 4 TL 6 Cat. No. 155 65 155 66 Calibrated

More information

Canadian Light Source Inc. Vacuum Component Leak Test Technical Procedure

Canadian Light Source Inc. Vacuum Component Leak Test Technical Procedure Canadian Light Source Inc. Vacuum Component Leak Test Technical Procedure CLSI Document 8.7.33.2 Rev. 2 Date: 2006-03-08 Copyright 2006, Canadian Light Source Inc. This document is the property of Canadian

More information

Total Pressure Measurement Using Residual Gas Analyzers

Total Pressure Measurement Using Residual Gas Analyzers Total Pressure Measurement Using Residual Gas Analyzers M. Maskell, Old Dominion University; G. Myneni, P. Adderley, Jefferson Lab; G. Brucker, Stanford Research Systems; C. Day, Forschungszentrum, Karlsruhe

More information

Both physical and chemical effects come into play either separately or in combination.

Both physical and chemical effects come into play either separately or in combination. A Journal of Practical and Useful Vacuum Technology By Phil Danielson WHY CREATE A VACUUM? From Creating a vacuum has become a fairly common and often routine undertaking, but the commonness of the activity

More information

Major Design Features

Major Design Features Major Design Features 3Flex Features Design Benefits Discussion 316 SS fittings and pneumatically actuated, hard-seal valves Provides virtually leak-free gas management with the lowest outgassing rate

More information

RESEARCH OF LEAK DETECTION SYSTEMS WITH ACCUMULATIVE MEMBRANES

RESEARCH OF LEAK DETECTION SYSTEMS WITH ACCUMULATIVE MEMBRANES RESEARCH OF LEAK DETECTION SYSTEMS WITH ACCUMULATIVE MEMBRANES V.M.Mjasnikov, S.G.Sazhin, Dzerzhinsky Polytechnic Institute NSTU named after R.E.Alekseev, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhegorodsky region, Russia One of

More information

DEVICES FOR FIELD DETERMINATION OF WATER VAPOR IN NATURAL GAS Betsy Murphy MNM Enterprises 801 N. Riverside Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76111

DEVICES FOR FIELD DETERMINATION OF WATER VAPOR IN NATURAL GAS Betsy Murphy MNM Enterprises 801 N. Riverside Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76111 INTRODUCTION Water vapor in natural gas has more than a substantial effect on the quality of the gas stream. Without quality measurement of water vapor the gas is basically not saleable. Contracts are

More information

Series 6517 Katharometers. The ideal equipment for Process Monitoring and Control. Robust no moving parts. Designed for continuous industrial use

Series 6517 Katharometers. The ideal equipment for Process Monitoring and Control. Robust no moving parts. Designed for continuous industrial use Data sheet Katharometers The ideal equipment for Process Monitoring and Control Designed for continuous industrial use Long working life Suitable for flammable gases CENELEC certified (ATEX) to EExia IIC

More information

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary ADH 1/7/014 LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the

More information

Characterizing a Cu/Mn Alloy for Extracting Oxygen from Inert Gas. Streams

Characterizing a Cu/Mn Alloy for Extracting Oxygen from Inert Gas. Streams Characterizing a Cu/Mn Alloy for Extracting Oxygen from Inert Gas Streams Grace Lenhard Prattsburgh Central School LLE advisors: Walter Shmayda and Matthew Sharpe Laboratory for Laser Energetics University

More information

Instruction Bulletin Addendum For Pressure-Balanced In Situ Oxygen Probes

Instruction Bulletin Addendum For Pressure-Balanced In Situ Oxygen Probes Instruction Bulletin Addendum For Pressure-Balanced In Situ Oxygen Probes Instruction Bulletin Addendum IB PB1000 Part no. Serial no. Order no. Oxymitter 4000 Applicability: Used with pressure-balancing

More information

Plasma Sources and Feedback Control in Pretreatment Web Coating Applications

Plasma Sources and Feedback Control in Pretreatment Web Coating Applications Plasma Sources and Feedback Control in Pretreatment Web Coating Applications Joseph Brindley, Benoit Daniel, Victor Bellido-Gonzalez, Dermot Monaghan Gencoa Ltd., Physics Rd, L24 9HP Liverpool, UK (+44)

More information

METHOD 3C - DETERMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE, NITROGEN, AND OXYGEN FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

METHOD 3C - DETERMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE, NITROGEN, AND OXYGEN FROM STATIONARY SOURCES METHOD 3C - DETERMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE, NITROGEN, AND OXYGEN FROM STATIONARY SOURCES 1. Applicability and Principle 1.1 Applicability. This method applies to the analysis of carbon dioxide

More information

3200 Dwight Road Suite #100 Elk Grove, CA Ph: Fax: GNB Corporation

3200 Dwight Road Suite #100 Elk Grove, CA Ph: Fax: GNB Corporation 3200 Dwight Road Suite #100 Elk Grove, CA 95758 Ph: 916-395-3003 Fax: 916-395-3363 www.gnbvalves.com info@gnbvalves.com GNB Corporation Vacuum Excellence Defined A Message from our President Welcome, and

More information

The Polyethylene Casing as Diffusion Barrier for Polyurethane Insulated District Heating Pipes

The Polyethylene Casing as Diffusion Barrier for Polyurethane Insulated District Heating Pipes Polyethylene Casing as Diffusion Barrier for Polyurethane Insulated District Heating Pipes The Polyethylene Casing as Diffusion Barrier for Polyurethane Insulated District Heating Pipes Maria Olsson and

More information

Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe Mode 1,2

Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe Mode 1,2 Designation: E 499 95 An American National Standard Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe Mode 1,2 This standard is issued under the fixed designation

More information

~ goss7-- OSTI RECEIVED LEAKAGE TESTING OF PACKAGINGS WITH THREE-O-RING CLOSURE SEALS. c=t) SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

~ goss7-- OSTI RECEIVED LEAKAGE TESTING OF PACKAGINGS WITH THREE-O-RING CLOSURE SEALS. c=t) SUMMARY INTRODUCTION LEAKAGE TESTING OF PACKAGINGS WITH THREE-O-RING CLOSURE SEALS C O / U F9 ~ goss7-- J. J. Oras (l),r. H. Towel1 (2), and M.E. Wangler (3) (1) Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL

More information

Chapter 8: Cryo-sorption pumps

Chapter 8: Cryo-sorption pumps Chapter 8: Cryo-sorption pumps Cryo-sorption pumps offer a clean, quiet, safe, vibration free and inexpensive way to rough pump a vacuum system. They are often used on vacuum systems that are sensitive

More information

PROTEGO Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves. Volume 6. in-line. Volume 6. for safety and environment

PROTEGO Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves. Volume 6. in-line. Volume 6. for safety and environment PROTEGO Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves inline Volume 6 Volume 6 for safety and environment Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves inline The working principle and application of pressure and vacuum relief

More information

HP/UHP Spring-Loaded Regulator

HP/UHP Spring-Loaded Regulator Description HP (High Purity) and UHP (Ultra High Purity) products are for service where the product must be kept free of contamination. The design is kept simple to minimise dead areas where contaminants

More information

An Investigative and Synoptic Review on Helium Liquefaction Using a Commercial 4 K Gifford- McMahon Cryocooler

An Investigative and Synoptic Review on Helium Liquefaction Using a Commercial 4 K Gifford- McMahon Cryocooler An Investigative and Synoptic Review on Helium Liquefaction Using a Commercial 4 K Gifford- McMahon Cryocooler Mahesh N 1, S A Mohan Krishna 2 1 PG Student, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysore,

More information

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The research included the development and verification of the earlier apparatus, and the collection and validation of moisture diffusion data under both isothermal and

More information

at NIST: ultra-low outgassing rates

at NIST: ultra-low outgassing rates Traceable outgassing measurements at NIST: ultra-low outgassing rates and new materials James Fedchak Thermodynamic Metrology Group Sensor Science Division Physical Measurement Laboratory Vacuum Project:

More information

Technical Data Sheet MF010-O-LC

Technical Data Sheet MF010-O-LC Technical Data Sheet MF010-O-LC - 1 - 1. Properties The oxygen measuring system MF010-O-LC determines the oxygen content in gas mixtures up to a temperature of 250 C. It is particularly suitable for the

More information

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016

International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research  e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research www.ijmter.com e-issn No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016 Review of Leak Detection Methods for Shock Absorber: A Comparative Study

More information

Laboratory Hardware. Custom Gas Chromatography Solutions WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION. Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results.

Laboratory Hardware. Custom Gas Chromatography Solutions WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION. Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. Laboratory Hardware Custom Gas Chromatography Solutions Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION Laboratory Hardware Wasson-ECE Instrumentation offers hardware-only solutions

More information

Detector Carrier Gas Comments Detector anode purge or reference gas. Electron Capture Nitrogen Maximum sensitivity Nitrogen Argon/Methane

Detector Carrier Gas Comments Detector anode purge or reference gas. Electron Capture Nitrogen Maximum sensitivity Nitrogen Argon/Methane Gas requirements Gases for packed columns The carrier gas you use depends upon the type of detector and the performance requirements. Table 520-1 lists gas recommendations for packed column use. In general,

More information

Instruction Manual Contact Pressure Vacuum Gauge

Instruction Manual Contact Pressure Vacuum Gauge MS10 Instruction Manual Contact Pressure Vacuum Gauge Table of Contents 1. Safety Instructions 2. Intended Applications 3. Product Description and Functions 4. Installation 5. Commissioning 6. Maintenance

More information

Best Practices for Installation of Gaseous Sample Pumps

Best Practices for Installation of Gaseous Sample Pumps Best Practices for Installation of Gaseous Sample Pumps Goal of the Gas Sample Pump Transport a clean, reliable, sample of the process gas to the analyzer, in the safest and easiest way possible, to ensure

More information

29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies

29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies IMPROVED CALIBRATION AND OPERATION OF A STABLE-GAS QUANTIFICATION MANIFOLD AS PART OF A RADIOXENON COLLECTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT Richard M. Williams, James C. Hayes, and Randy R. Kirkham Pacific Northwest

More information

Experimental Analysis on Vortex Tube Refrigerator Using Different Conical Valve Angles

Experimental Analysis on Vortex Tube Refrigerator Using Different Conical Valve Angles International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 7-067X, p-issn: 7-00X, www.ijerd.com Volume 3, Issue 4 (August ), PP. 33-39 Experimental Analysis on Vortex Tube Refrigerator Using

More information

Technical Specifications of Hydrogen Isotope Handling and Recovery System

Technical Specifications of Hydrogen Isotope Handling and Recovery System SECTION - C TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF STORES AND DRAWINGS. Technical Specifications of Hydrogen Isotope Handling and Recovery System INSTITUTE FOR PLASMA RESEARCH GANDHINAGAR, GUJARAT 382428 ANNEXURE-I

More information

FUGITIVE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIVALENCY

FUGITIVE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIVALENCY FUGITIVE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIVALENCY ABSTRACT Jay Abrahimzadeh Joe Steinke Control Components Inc. Fugitive Emissions requirements, compliance, and use have gained momentum in the

More information

PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS ON A CLOSED-LOOP CONTAMINANT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING OF METALLIC MELTS

PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS ON A CLOSED-LOOP CONTAMINANT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING OF METALLIC MELTS PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS ON A CLOSED-LOOP CONTAMINANT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING OF METALLIC MELTS Pramod K. Sharma, Gregory S. Hickey, and Kin F. Man Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute

More information

Gas Pressure. Pressure is the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them.

Gas Pressure. Pressure is the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them. Chapter 5 Gases Gas Gases are composed of particles that are moving around very fast in their container(s). These particles moves in straight lines until they collides with either the container wall or

More information

ATEX VACUUM PUMPS AND GAUGES CHEMICALLY RESISTANT, OIL-FREE AND SAFE

ATEX VACUUM PUMPS AND GAUGES CHEMICALLY RESISTANT, OIL-FREE AND SAFE ATEX VACUUM PUMPS AND GAUGES CHEMICALLY RESISTANT, OIL-FREE AND SAFE ATEX CHEMISTRY DIAPHRAGM PUMPS. ATEX VARIO CHEMISTRY DIAPHRAGM PUMPS. Chemistry diaphragm pumps, vacuum systems and gauges for use in

More information

Investigation of Cr Etch Chamber Seasoning Pavel Nesladek a, Guenther Ruhl b, Marcel Kristlib b

Investigation of Cr Etch Chamber Seasoning Pavel Nesladek a, Guenther Ruhl b, Marcel Kristlib b Investigation of Cr Etch Chamber Seasoning Pavel Nesladek a, Guenther Ruhl b, Marcel Kristlib b a Advanced Mask Technology Center, Dresden, Germany, b Infineon Technologies AG, Mask House, Munich, Germany

More information

METHOD 2E - DETERMINATION OF LANDFILL GAS PRODUCTION FLOW RATE. NOTE: This method does not include all of the

METHOD 2E - DETERMINATION OF LANDFILL GAS PRODUCTION FLOW RATE. NOTE: This method does not include all of the 287 METHOD 2E - DETERMINATION OF LANDFILL GAS PRODUCTION FLOW RATE NOTE: This method does not include all of the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and procedures (e.g., sampling and analytical)

More information

SNS BL-13B NPDGamma Experiment

SNS BL-13B NPDGamma Experiment SNS BL-13B NPDGamma Experiment Hydrogen Supply to Cryogenic Target, Relief and Vent System Design Review April 7, 2010 C-156 9:00 10:30 PM Hydrogen System Block Diagram Diagram of Major System Components

More information

PHOENIX L300i Best-in-class Helium Leak Detectors

PHOENIX L300i Best-in-class Helium Leak Detectors 180.85.02 Best-in-class Helium Leak Detectors The perfect Helium leak detector matching your demands The helium leak detector opens up new dimensions of productivity and reliability for your applications.

More information

EFFECTS OF BAFFLE SIZE ON PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN VACUUM CHAMBER DURING DYNAMIC GAS FLOW

EFFECTS OF BAFFLE SIZE ON PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN VACUUM CHAMBER DURING DYNAMIC GAS FLOW XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology September 6 11, 2009, Lisbon, Portugal EFFECTS OF BAFFLE SIZE ON PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN VACUUM CHAMBER DURING DYNAMIC GAS FLOW Wakil Khan 1,

More information

Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series

Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series www.swagelok.com Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series Types: pressure reducing and vapor recovery 16L stainless steel construction 1/2, 1, and 2 in. end connections Working pressures up to 22

More information

The Broadest Gauging Line in the Industry

The Broadest Gauging Line in the Industry The Broadest Gauging Line in the Industry Vacuum Measurement Varian s broad line of vacuum gauge controllers and gauge tubes are the most reliable, accurate, and economical means of measuring, monitoring,

More information

Model NDA Differential pressure transmitter. Deltapi N Series A complete range of pneumatic pressure transmitters

Model NDA Differential pressure transmitter. Deltapi N Series A complete range of pneumatic pressure transmitters Data Sheet DS/NDA-EN Rev. H Model NDA Differential pressure transmitter Deltapi N Series A complete range of pneumatic pressure transmitters Introduction The blind type differential pressure transmitter

More information

SERIES 30. Spring Operated Tank Blanketing Valve PROTECTOSEAL.

SERIES 30. Spring Operated Tank Blanketing Valve PROTECTOSEAL. SERIES 30 PROTECTOSEAL 1 2" NPT inlet and outlet standard Direct acting valve mechanism Optional flanged or threaded inlet and outlet connections available Inlet gas pressures from 10 PSIG to 200 PSIG

More information

INSTRUMENTS A THERMAL MASS FLOW SENSOR USING A CONSTANT DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE AMBIENT GAS TEMPERATURE

INSTRUMENTS A THERMAL MASS FLOW SENSOR USING A CONSTANT DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE AMBIENT GAS TEMPERATURE TELEDYNE HASTINGS TECHNICAL PAPERS INSTRUMENTS A THERMAL MASS FLOW SENSOR USING A CONSTANT DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE AMBIENT GAS TEMPERATURE Proceedings of FEDSM 98 1998 ASME Fluids Engineering

More information

Self-operated Pressure Regulators for special applications

Self-operated Pressure Regulators for special applications Self-operated Pressure Regulators for special applications Type 2357-31 Pressure Build-up Regulator with safety function and integrated excess pressure valve Application Pressure regulators for cryogenic

More information

EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VORTEX TUBE FOR VARIOUS PARAMETERS

EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VORTEX TUBE FOR VARIOUS PARAMETERS International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: 9 - Volume: Issue: 9 Sep - www.irjet.net p-issn: 9-7 EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF VORTEX TUBE FOR VARIOUS PARAMETERS

More information

LESER Deutschland Standard Functional Tightness Test (Cryo) Content

LESER Deutschland Standard Functional Tightness Test (Cryo) Content Page 1/10 Content 1 Purpose... 1 2 Scope... 1 3 Range of Application... 1 4 Normative Background... 2 5 Terms and Definitions... 2 6 Test Equipment... 3 7 Test Procedure... 5 8 Acceptance Criteria... 8

More information