E4014 Construction Surveying. Hydrographic Surveys
|
|
- Amberly Gilmore
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 E4014 Construction Surveying Hydrographic Surveys
2 Charts And Maps Hydrographic Chart an information medium and a tool for maritime traffic for the safety and ease of navigation contains information on least water depths nature of ocean bottom sea and swell conditions surface navigational dangers other navigational significant data
3 Charts And Maps Hydrographic Chart (cont) Also contains some non-coastal information mariner is interested in the general shape of features that can be seen from the water accurate height required only when judging at what distance a feature may be visible
4 Charts And Maps Hydrographic Chart (cont) only show topographical and cultural features when they will aid a safe landfall upon an unknown coast and to safely enter a harbour manoeuvring and docking within a harbour the conduct of efficient harbour business
5 Charts And Maps Hydrographic Chart (cont) Three distinctive features working space chart is a navigational plotting and recording board overlap enables projection of a course from one chart to the next using connecting points of navigational importance scale and shape
6 Charts And Maps Hydrographic Chart (cont) Pilot publications contains information which cannot be included on the chart because of space legibility Notice to Mariner publications recently acquired information alerts to navigational hazards
7 Charts And Maps Topographic Maps Depicts the physical form ( in two dimensions ) of the surface of the earth and features resulting from human occupancy information is qualitative as to location and use quantitative as to area and volume format is rectangular with minimum overlap use is for activities on land and geographical studies
8 Charts And Maps Bathymetric Maps Topographic maps of a nation s submerged lands depict the shape of the sea floor through the use of isobaths do not show navigational information or shipping hazards
9 Charts And Maps Bathymetric Maps (cont) Primarily used as an aid to scientific studies associated with marine mining oil and gas exploration coastal zone management pollution control boundary and other international jurisdictional matters engineering and research purposes
10 Soundings Sounding Measurement of the vertical depth from the level surface of the water to the bed of the lake, river or sea a series of soundings whether taken at random points or on a grid can be used to prepare a plan showing the topographic features of the land covered by the water
11 Soundings Sounding (cont) simplest case sounding survey of a lake with no tidal or wave pattern water would be assumed to be level and accepted as datum for the soundings i.e. RL = 0.00m soundings would be taken in a systematic way and the fix positions are plotted depth of the soundings are plotted so that the decimal point represents the the position of the sounding on the chart e.g. 6.5 would indicate a depth of 6.5m at that point on the chart 6.5 indicates 6.5m above datum
12 Soundings - Sounding Datums In coastal areas soundings are normally related to a tidal datum such as Mean Sea Level Hydrographic charts must always have a lowest water as their datum mariners reading a depth of 10.0 m expect a boat drawing 9.0m to be safe during all tide ranges
13 Soundings Sounding Datums (cont) Each sounding made on tidal water must be corrected for the height of the tide at the time the sounding was taken a tide board is attached to a suitable structure and set vertically in the water in the vicinity of the survey area preferable to be visible from the boat tide board readings and the time are observed and recorded at constant intervals e.g.15min
14 Soundings Sounding Datums (cont) the zero mark on the tide board is determined by levelling from a BM differences between AHD and Mean Sea Level are differences between AHD and Mean Sea Level are available and the soundings can be corrected accordingly
15 Soundings - Sounding Datums (cont) conventional levelling found that the graduation on the gauge is exactly 19 metres below the BM. Therefore the zero mark on the tide board has an RL of m. Conversely the datum (AHD) zero is at 2.375m on the tide board.
16 Soundings - Sounding Datums (cont) During a sounding survey the tide board was observed every 15 minutes. The results of soundings taken during one 15 minute period are shown below. Reduce the soundings to AHD
17 Soundings - Sounding Datums (cont) (2) Interpolate with respect to time
18 Soundings - Sounding Datums (cont) (2)
19 Tides Caused by the combined gravitational effects of the sun and moon, with the moon having the major effect influenced by terrestrial gravity earth s rotation land masses weather systems
20 Tides - Semi-Diurnal Tide Consider the earth to be stationary and covered with a layer of water. Assume that the position of the moon is fixed such that it has zero declination
21 Tides - Semi-Diurnal Tide On the side of the earth nearest the moon there is a net force towards the moon whilst on the opposite side there is a net force away from the moon. The small net forces at the North and South poles will be towards the centre of the earth.
22 Tides - Semi-Diurnal Tide At the two points on the equator, nearest and farthest from the moon there will be permanent high water. At right angles to these points a band of low water will lie along the meridian on either side of the earth
23 Tides - Semi-Diurnal Tide When the moon moves into perigee (closest point to the earth during the moon s elliptical orbit) the high waters will be higher and the low waters will be lower. The opposite effect occurs when the moon moves out to apogee (most distant point) These minimum and maximum tides are known as perigean and apogean respectively
24 Tides - Semi-Diurnal Tide When the earth rotates the four tides, two high and two low, move around the earth, in a 24 hour period. This is known as a semi-diurnal tide the poles have a permanent low tide
25 Tides - Diurnal Tide The moon's declination causes inequalities in the tides that occur. successive high tides at a point on the earth with a latitude equal to X (and Y) will NOT be equal. The high tide at X will not be as high as that at Y
26 Tides - Diurnal Tide At all points on the earth where the latitude on earth is greater than the moon s co-declination, there is only one high tide and one low tide per day. This is known as the diurnal tide The form of tide varies between the extremes of diurnal and semi-diurnal, with those exhibiting both characteristics being known as 'mixed' Moon s co-declination
27 Tides - Spring Tide The sun has a similar tide producing effect on the earth to that of the moon. However the forces involved are not as great. At new and full moon the sun, moon and earth are nearly in a straight line. The tide raising forces act together to produce tides with a large range. These tides occur fortnightly and are called spring tides
28 Tides - Neap Tide At the moon's first and last quarter the moon's tide raising force is to some extent counteracted by the sun's tide raising force producing tides with a small range. These tides are called neap tides (neap being high water at its lowest value).
29 Soundings Tide Levels Mean Sea Level ( MSL ) average height of the sea in all states of the oscillation equivalent to the level which would exist in the absence of all tidal forces approximates the geoid
30 Soundings Tide Levels (cont) Mean Tide Level ( MTL ) average value of the heights of high and low water Mean High Water Springs ( MHWS ) and Mean Low Water Springs ( MLWS ) average values derived from a sufficiently long series of high water springs and low water springs
31 Soundings Tide Levels (cont) Mean High Water Neaps ( MHWN ) and Mean Low Water Neaps ( MLWN ) average values derived from a sufficiently long series of high water neaps and low water neaps
32 Soundings Tide Levels (cont) Highest Astronomical Tide ( HAT ) and Lowest Astronomical Tide ( LAT ) highest and lowest levels that can be predicted to occur under average meteorlogical conditions may not be reached each year do not take storm surges into account and hence considerably higher and lower levels may still occur
33 Soundings Tide Levels (cont) Indian Spring Low Water ( ISLW ) level suggested by Sir Charles Darwin for Indian waters mathematically derived from tide data
34 Tide Gauges - Tide Board merely a vertical staff with a broader face than a levelling staff. This may be graduated every 5 or 10 centimetres, according to the accuracy required. The tide board is often difficult to read due to the surface chop or wave action
35 Tide Gauges - Float Gauge A float is attached to the bottom of a staff. The staff is then held in a box which is fixed in a vertical position. Only the bottom of the box is open to the sea. The float rises and falls with the tide, the staff running up and down through guides on the inside of the box. The staff can be read through a special inspection opening in the side of the box.
36 Tide Gauges - Automatic Tide Gauge normally established permanently at an official tide station. The tidal fluctuations are recorded on a chart attached to a drum which revolves with time The gauge may need to be The gauge may need to be visited only once every seven days to change the paper chart and reset the drive mechanism, i.e. wind the clock
37 Tide Gauges - Water Pressure Tide Gauge Operates on the changes of water pressure due to tide rising and falling completely self contained instrument designed to measure and record tidal movements when mounted on an underwater offshore structure or on the sea bed Due account must be made for Due account must be made for barometric pressure reading and the necessary corrections applied
38 Establishing Tide Levels If tide observations are made over a period of time, statistical values for various types of tide can be arrived at, such as mean sea level (MSL), MHWS, MLWN, etc. The degree of variation that can occur at a point for observations taken over different time periods will of course depend upon the range of the tide at that point.
39 Establishing Tide Levels As a guide, the following figures are appropriate: Figures based on one full day's observation may vary considerably from observations made on another day as meteorological conditions play a big part. Figures based on one full lunar month's observations (291/2 days) may vary by up to 25cm from values taken from another month's observations on the East coast of Queensland. This figure is the semi-annual and annual variation of MSL. Figures based on one full year's observations may vary from values taken from another year's observations.
40 Establishing Tide Levels Thus it can be seen that to obtain the figure for tidal variation at a point observations should be taken over at least one lunar month. More accurate results are obtained when observations are taken over a full year. The most accurate results cannot be obtained until continuous observations have been made over at least 19 years.
41 Establishing Tide Levels Ships are concerned with the least amount of water that may be below them. the datum for depths at sea, and navigation charts is normally a low water datum. Two datums which have been used in the past for navigation charts are LWST and ISLW, both of which are to be progressively replaced by LAT.
42 Soundings Sounding Equipment Sounding Rod 5m long, plate or shoe on end to prevent sinkage into soft bottom commonly used in creeks, rivers, shallow dams or lakes Lead Line lead weight attached to the line s end to take it to the bottom
43 Soundings Sounding Equipment (cont) Sonar Equipment Sound Navigation Ranging measure the range of an object by timing the two way journey of pulse of sound energy and converting the result to units of distance
44 Soundings - Echo Sounder sounding device utilising a fixed beam with a vertical axis shape and width of the beam varies
45 Soundings - Echo Sounder several components Recorder paper record or trace digital display punch tape cassette recorder digital readout to a computer 4 3
46 Soundings - Echo Sounder Recorder paper record or trace digital display punch tape cassette recorder digital readout to a computer
47 Soundings - Echo Sounder Recorder when a horizontal fix occurs a fix button is pressed and the moment is recorded on the trace» fix is numbered so that it can be correlated with position fixes made» time is recorded at the first and last fix and for every tenth fix - enables the tide gauge readings to be correlated with the depth readings
48 Soundings - Echo Sounder Transducer transmitting transducer vibrations generates pressure waves which are projected into the water medium and detected by a receiving transducer may be» hull mounted» mounted in a shoe, or» towed in a fish enabling the sounder to operate at any depth Receiving Amplifier amplifies the weak return signal
49 Soundings - Echo Sounder The shape of the beam is assumed to be a cone the frequency of the sound signal determines the beam width and the reflective and penetrative capabilities of the pulse the wider the beam width the wider the lane widths and a lesser number of runs are required
50 Soundings - Echo Sounder the width of the beam varies with the water depth possible to miss a prominent high point if the line spacing does not allow for any overlap If a wide beam is used on a sloping seabed then an incorrect depth which (will be that of the first returning signal) will be recorded for the depth immediately under the boat
51 Soundings - Echo Sounder Thus for precise work it is essential that a narrow beam is used. disadvantage is an increase in the number of lines necessary to cover the same area in order to achieve a saturated examination.
52 Soundings - Echo Sounder A dual frequency echo sounder using a narrow beam width frequency together with a wide beam width frequency are used at the same time to overcome this problem.
53 Soundings - Echo Sounder dual frequency echo sounder enables an accurate depth to be obtained below the vessel check on the presence of any high points to the side of the vessel. lane widths can be widened compared with those for a single narrow beam
54 Soundings - Echo Sounder Calibration velocity of the pulse varies with the temperature and salinity of the water time taken for the outward and return pulse will vary and the depth indicated will vary
55 Soundings - Echo Sounder Calibration three methods of calibration Calculation» use the temperature and salinity of the water to calculate the velocity of sound within the water Direct Calibration» when the bottom is smooth and level, the recorder may be calibrated by by comparison with direct sounding by lead line
56 Soundings - Echo Sounder Calibration third method of calibration Bar Check» a metal bar is lowered under the transducers to known depths below the water» the echo sounder is adjusted until the correct depth is measured» checks are made at other depths
57 Soundings - Echo Sounder Calibration Squat when a vessel moves through the water at different speeds it settles differently in the water the amount of squat will depend on» the speed» the loading» hull shape
58 Soundings - Reduction of Echo Sounder Traces Calibration Squat determined by» sailing over an area of known depth at different speeds - the different depth readings record the differences due to squat» a staff is set up at the bow and the stern of the vessel - the vessel is sailed past at different speeds and a level used to read the staves - the squat is determined from the differing levels
59 Soundings - Reduction of Echo Sounder Traces The soundings at each fix are not reduced separately.
60 Soundings - Reduction of Echo Sounder Traces Water line Note the three level lines drawn on the diagram Level Datum - tidal datum Transmission Line Water line is the water surface level at any moment in time i.e. changes as the tide changes - can be above or below the datum line Level Datum Transmission Line (TZ) transducer position above or below the water line
61 Soundings - Reduction of Echo Sounder Traces Squat Difference obtained from tide board readings Transmission Line MLWS
62 Soundings - Reduction of Echo Sounder Traces Water line Transmission Line MLWS
SURFACE CURRENTS AND TIDES
NAME SURFACE CURRENTS AND TIDES I. Origin of surface currents Surface currents arise due to the interaction of the prevailing wis a the ocean surface. Hence the surface wi pattern (Figure 1) plays a key
More information13. TIDES Tidal waters
Water levels vary in tidal and non-tidal waters: sailors should be aware that the depths shown on the charts do not always represent the actual amount of water under the boat. 13.1 Tidal waters In tidal
More informationChart Specifications of the IHO Publication S-4 (Formerly M-4)
TWLWG3/4/11A Publication S-4 (Formerly M-4) Attached to this document is an extract from IHO Publication S-4 which relate to Tidal and Water Level Information. The TWLWG is requested to review this information
More informationGNSS Technology for the Determination of Real-Time Tidal Information
GNSS Technology for the Determination of Real-Time Tidal Information Benjamin Kidder C-Nav Positioning Solutions European region Outline of Topics Covered Introduction to Tides Past and Present Methods
More informationReal Time Surveying GPS and HYDRO Software for Tide and Swell Compensation
Real Time Surveying GPS and HYDRO Software for Tide and Swell Compensation by Mr Michael Walker, B.Surv. (Otago) HYDRO Division Trimble Navigation New Zealand Ltd. Abstract This paper focuses on the use
More information14/10/2013' Bathymetric Survey. egm502 seafloor mapping
egm502 seafloor mapping lecture 10 single-beam echo-sounders Bathymetric Survey Bathymetry is the measurement of water depths - bathymetry is the underwater equivalent of terrestrial topography. A transect
More informationOverview and preview. I. Tides as Waves (really really big) What are the Forces driving these waves? II: Into make-believe.
The Tides Overview and preview I. Tides as Waves (really really big) What are the Forces driving these waves? II: Into make-believe. Idealized world: no land, deep water, no friction.no problems. Effects
More information1 st Tidal and Water Level Working Group Meeting DHN, Niteroi, Brazil 31/03/09 02/04/09 Vertical Offshore Reference Framework (VORF) Chris Jones
1 st Tidal and Water Level Working Group Meeting DHN, Niteroi, Brazil 31/03/09 02/04/09 Vertical Offshore Reference Framework (VORF) Chris Jones United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Presentation Structure
More informationThe ocean water is dynamic. Its physical
CHAPTER MOVEMENTS OF OCEAN WATER The ocean water is dynamic. Its physical characteristics like temperature, salinity, density and the external forces like of the sun, moon and the winds influence the movement
More informationHydrographic Surveying Methods, Applications and Uses
Definition: Hydrographic Surveying Methods, Applications and Uses It is the branch of surveying which deals with any body of still or running water such as a lake, harbor, stream or river. Hydrographic
More informationTheory and Application Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector: Instructor
OCEAN TIDES Theory and Application Introductory Oceanography Ray Rector: Instructor Tidal Concepts Tides are extremely swift, very long-wavelength, shallow-water waves Tides are periodic short-term changes
More informationTIDES. Theory and Application
TIDES Theory and Application Tidal Concepts Tides are extremely swift, very long-wavelength, shallow-water waves Tides are periodic short-term changes in sea level at a particular place caused by the gravitational
More informationPreventing Damage to Harbour Facilities and. Ship Handling in Harbours PART 2 INDEX
Preventing Damage to Harbour Facilities and Ship Handling in Harbours PART 2 INDEX 1 Vessel handling is based on the basic knowledge that a vessel floats in the water and returns to its original position
More informationINTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY STANDARDS by Gerald B. MILLS 1 I. Background The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) traces its origin to the establishment of the International Hydrographic
More informationEngineering Surveying - II CE313. Hydrographic Survey Lecture 06 Muhammad Noman
Engineering Surveying - II CE313 Hydrographic Survey Lecture 06 Muhammad Noman Hydrographic Surveying Hydrographic surveying is the branch of the survey which deal with any body of still or running water
More informationOPERATIONS SEAFARER CERTIFICATION GUIDANCE NOTE SA MARITIME QUALIFICATIONS CODE. Deck: Chart Work
Page 1 of 6 Compiled by Approved by Chief Examiner Syllabus Committee: 26 February 2013 OPERATIONS SEAFARER CERTIFICATION GUIDANCE NOTE SA MARITIME QUALIFICATIONS CODE Deck: Chart Work Page 2 of 6 COLUMN
More informationTides. Tides: longest waves. or seas. or ripples
Tides or ripples or seas Tides: longest waves Tides Definition: The rise and fall of sea level due to the gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Why tides are important?
More informationOCN 201 Tides. Tsunamis, Tides and other long waves
OCN 201 Tides Tsunamis, Tides and other long waves Storm surges Caused by winds and low atmospheric pressure associated with large storms Can raise sea surface by up to 25 ft, bottom contours magnify effect
More informationINTRODUCTION TO COASTAL ENGINEERING
The University of the West Indies Organization of American States PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME: COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE A COURSE IN COASTAL DEFENSE SYSTEMS I CHAPTER
More informationChapter 11 Tides. A tidal bore is formed when a tide arrives to an enclosed river mouth. This is a forced wave that breaks.
Chapter 11 Tides A tidal bore is formed when a tide arrives to an enclosed river mouth. This is a forced wave that breaks. Tidal range can be very large Tide - rhythmic oscillation of the ocean surface
More informationBOTTOM MAPPING WITH EM1002 /EM300 /TOPAS Calibration of the Simrad EM300 and EM1002 Multibeam Echo Sounders in the Langryggene calibration area.
BOTTOM MAPPING WITH EM1002 /EM300 /TOPAS Calibration of the Simrad EM300 and EM1002 Multibeam Echo Sounders in the Langryggene calibration area. by Igor Kazantsev Haflidi Haflidason Asgeir Steinsland Introduction
More informationHydrographic Surveying:
Hydrographic Surveying: Specifications & Standards IHO USACE NOAA Captain Bob Pawlowski, NOAA (Ret), MNI History of Hydrography 13 th century first known chart Does not include Asia China and Japan 15
More informationDirected Reading. Section: Ocean Currents. a(n). FACTORS THAT AFFECT SURFACE CURRENTS
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Ocean Currents 1. A horizontal movement of water in a well-defined pattern is called a(n). 2. What are two ways that oceanographers identify ocean currents? 3.
More informationBASELINE SURVEY, VISUAL - SITE SPECIFIC
BASELINE SURVEY, VISUAL - SITE SPECIFIC Introduction As stated in SEPA s policy and in the Fish Farm Manual (1998), scientific data are required by SEPA in order to assess the existing condition on the
More informationChart Features Maritime maps and Admiralty charts have these features:
Introduction to Charts A chart or map of the area is an important safety item to carry on board. It allows the Master to obtain knowledge of the area to be travelled, and indicates the navigable channels
More informationEquilibrium Model of Tides
Tides Outline Equilibrium Theory of Tides diurnal, semidiurnal and mixed semidiurnal tides spring and neap tides Dynamic Theory of Tides rotary tidal motion larger tidal ranges in coastal versus open-ocean
More informationChapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents. Section Objectives
Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents Section Objectives Intro Surface Currents Factors Affecting Ocean Currents Global Wind Belts (you should draw and label a diagram of the global wind belts) The Coriolis
More informationPlot the Path into the Harbor
Plot the Path into the Harbor By Mary Anne Otten, Rudyard Area Schools and Joan Chadde, Michigan Technological University Subject/Grade: Grade 3 6, Math, Social Studies, Science Duration: 35 minutes Lesson
More informationOnly launch your boat once you have a clear understanding of the most up-to-date weather forecast.
Weather and Tides Observing the Weather Only launch your boat once you have a clear understanding of the most up-to-date weather forecast. Start with television and newspaper weather map reports; they
More informationChartwork Learn the basics for position fixing using a number of techniques and a simple equation for speed, distance and time.
Chartwork Learn the basics for position fixing using a number of techniques and a simple equation for speed, distance and time. Chartwork Chartwork Tools Accurate chart work is the basis for good navigation.
More informationWaters rise and fall in tides.
Page 1 of 5 KEY ONEPT Waters rise and fall in tides. BEFORE, you learned Wind provides the energy to form waves in the ocean Ocean waves change near shore The ocean is a global body of water NOW, you will
More informationAppendix 5: Currents in Minas Basin. (Oceans Ltd. 2009)
Appendix 5: Currents in Minas Basin (Oceans Ltd. 29) Current in Minas Basin May 1, 28 March 29, 29 Submitted To: Minas Basin Pulp and Power P.O. Box 41 53 Prince Street Hansport, NS, BP 1P by 22, Purdy
More informationDUKC DYNAMIC UNDER KEEL CLEARANCE
DUKC DYNAMIC UNDER KEEL CLEARANCE Information Booklet Prepared in association with Marine Services Department 10/10/2005 Dynamic Under Keel Clearance (DUKC) integrates real time measurement of tides and
More informationNEED FOR SUPPLEMENTAL BATHYMETRIC SURVEY DATA COLLECTION
305 West Grand Avenue, Suite 300 Montvale, New Jersey 07645 Phone 201.930.9890 Fax 201.930.9805 www.anchorqea.com M EMORANDUM To: Caroline Kwan and Nica Klaber U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region
More informationChapter 10 Lecture Outline. The Restless Oceans
Chapter 10 Lecture Outline The Restless Oceans Focus Question 10.1 How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents? The Ocean s Surface Circulation Ocean currents Masses of water that flow from one
More informationGEOGRAPHY - STD 8 [ ] Q1.
GEOGRAPHY - STD 8 Movements of Oceans [2016-2017] Q1. Name the two types of regular movements in the oceans. Ans. The regular movements in the ocean are of two types: 1. Horizontal Ocean currents 2. Vertical
More informationOceans in Motion: Waves and Tides
Oceans in Motion: Waves and Tides Waves Waves are among the most familiar features in the ocean. All waves work similarly, so although we are talking about ocean waves here, the same information would
More information3 Maps and Charts In order to navigate we need to use some form of map. The two choices are nautical charts, or land maps.
13 3 Maps and Charts In order to navigate we need to use some form of map. The two choices are nautical charts, or land maps. Charts Nautical Charts only show the land detail that is visible from the sea.
More informationMAR 110 LECTURE #22 Standing Waves and Tides
27 October 2007 MAR110_Lec22_standing Waves_tides_27oct07.doc 1 MAR 110 LECTURE #22 Standing Waves and Tides Coastal Zone Beach Profile Figure 22.1 Beach Profile Summer Onshore Sand Transport Breaking
More informationMake a Marigram. Overview: Targeted Alaska Grade Level Expectations: Objectives: Materials: Whole Picture: Grades 9-12
Make a Marigram Overview: In this lesson, students briefly examine the use of acoustics for data collection then use Microsoft Excel to analyze tide gauge data. Basic knowledge of Microsoft Excel is recommended.
More informationMarine Renewables Industry Association. Marine Renewables Industry: Requirements for Oceanographic Measurements, Data Processing and Modelling
Marine Renewables Industry Association Marine Renewables Industry: Requirements for Oceanographic Measurements, Data Processing and Modelling October 2009 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 1 2. Measurements
More informationENVIRONMENT AGENCY GREAT OUSE AND 100 FT DRAIN QUARTERLY BATHYMETRIC SURVEY DECEMBER 2013 SITE SURVEY REPORT NO. H6787
ENVIRONMENT AGENCY GREAT OUSE AND 100FT DRAIN QUARTERLY BATHYMETRIC SURVEY DECEMBER 2013 NO. H6787 LONGDIN & BROWNING (SURVEYS) LIMITED CHERRY TREE HOUSE CARMARTHEN ROAD SWANSEA SA1 1HE H6787 1 Measured
More informationCHAPTER 91 TRACKED VEHICLE FOR CONTINUOUS NEARSHORE PROFILES. Richard J. Seymour* Alan L. Higgins** David P. Bothman***
CHAPTER 91 TRACKED VEHICLE FOR CONTINUOUS NEARSHORE PROFILES Richard J. Seymour* Alan L. Higgins** David P. Bothman*** INTRODUCTION The measurement of nearshore profiles has been the traditional method
More informationTHE RAPID DIGITISATION OF TIDE CHART RECORDS
International Hydrographic Reuiew, Monaco, LV (2), July 1978. THE RAPID DIGITISATION OF TIDE CHART RECORDS by W.R. BLAIN & N.B. W E B B E R Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton, U.K.
More informationCompetency framework for Skipper Coastal / Offshore. Competency framework for Skipper Coastal/ Offshore
Competency framework for Skipper Coastal/ Offshore Table of Contents... 1... 1 Function: Safety at the management level... 11 Manage safety aboard a coastal and vessel... 11 Competency framework for Skipper
More informationPlot the Path. Mary Anne Otten. lesson three
Plot the Path Mary Anne Otten lesson three Subject/Grade: Grade 2, Math, Social Studies, Science Duration: one class period Materials needed: Per class: Day the Great Lakes Drained Away by Charles Ferguson
More informationITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines
Page 1 of 6 Table of Contents 1. PURPOSE...2 2. PARAMETERS...2 2.1 General Considerations...2 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE...2 3.1 Model Design and Construction...2 3.2 Measurements...3 3.5 Execution of
More informationNational Maritime Center
National Maritime Center Providing Credentials to Mariners (Sample Examination) Page 1 of 13 Choose the best answer to the following Multiple Choice Questions. 1. What is the approximate geographic range
More informationWeather questions. Question 1 (1 Mark) State what information is included in a cyclone warning.
Question 1 (1 Mark) Weather questions State what information is included in a cyclone warning. Question 2 (1 Mark) In which direction do winds travel around a high pressure system in the southern hemisphere?
More informationFigure 4, Photo mosaic taken on February 14 about an hour before sunset near low tide.
The Impact on Great South Bay of the Breach at Old Inlet Charles N. Flagg and Roger Flood School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University Since the last report was issued on January 31
More informationHomework 2 Bathymetric Charts [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)]
1 MAR 110 HW-2 - Bathy Charts Homework 2 Bathymetric Charts [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)] 2-1. BATHYMETRIC CHARTS Bathymetric charts are maps of a region of the ocean used primarily for navigation
More informationICES Guidelines for Multibeam Echosounder Data (Compiled September 2006)
ICES Guidelines for Multibeam Echosounder Data (Compiled September 2006) If you are considering producing a hydrographic survey please read the following information first. Your survey could be used to
More informationBWS ONLINE FORECASTING BERTH OPERATING SAFETY. Matthew R. O Halloran, Daphne Choong
BWS ONLINE FORECASTING BERTH OPERATING SAFETY Matthew R. O Halloran, Daphne Choong OMC International Pty Ltd, 2/2 Walmer St, Abbotsford, Vic 3067, Australia matthew@omc-international.com.au daphne@omc-international.com.au
More informationMarine Kit 4 Marine Kit 4 Sail Smooth, Sail Safe
Marine Kit 4 Marine Kit 4 Sail Smooth, Sail Safe Includes Basic ship Terminologies and Investigation Check list Index 1. Ship Terminology 03 2. Motions of a Floating Body...09 3. Ship Stability.10 4. Free
More informationHYDROSPHERE, OCEANS AND TIDES
HYDROSPHERE, OCEANS AND TIDES Revision 10x10learning.com 1 Chapter 12. In the Earth s Atmosphere On surface of the Earth Under the ground Hydrosphere comprises of ALL WATER Water Vapour = 0.001% Is very
More informationStars and Compass Trophy and Novice Paper 2014!
Stars and Compass Trophy and Novice Paper 2014 The Stars and Compass Trophy was established to promote the use and development of traditional navigation skills. This year, in a bid to encourage novice
More informationfrom ocean to cloud PARAMETRIC SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER, A NEW APPROACH FOR AN OLD PROBLEM
PARAMETRIC SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER, A NEW APPROACH FOR AN OLD PROBLEM Geoff Holland, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks Geoff.holland@alcatel-lucent.com Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks Ltd, Christchurch Way,
More informationPredicting the Surface Currents of Guanabara Bay Dr Andrew McCowan 1, Elise Lawry 2, Ryan Dermek 3
Dr Andrew 1, Elise Lawry 2, Ryan Dermek 3 1 Managing Director, Water Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia E-mail: Andrew.@watertech.com.au 2 Senior Engineer, Water Technology Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
More informationStudy of Passing Ship Effects along a Bank by Delft3D-FLOW and XBeach1
Study of Passing Ship Effects along a Bank by Delft3D-FLOW and XBeach1 Minggui Zhou 1, Dano Roelvink 2,4, Henk Verheij 3,4 and Han Ligteringen 2,3 1 School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering,
More informationMAR 110 LECTURE #16 Tides
MAR 110: Lecture 16 Outline Tides 1 MAR 110 LECTURE #16 Tides Tides Are Waves Tidal wave energy is concentrated at periods of approximately 12 and 24 hours. (ItO) Equilibrium Tidal Forcing The theoretical
More informationpage - Laboratory Exercise #5 Shoreline Processes
page - Laboratory Exercise #5 Shoreline Processes Section A Shoreline Processes: Overview of Waves The ocean s surface is influenced by three types of motion (waves, tides and surface currents). Shorelines
More informationChapter. The Dynamic Ocean
Chapter The Dynamic Ocean An ocean current is the mass of ocean water that flows from one place to another. 16.1 The Composition of Seawater Surface Circulation Surface Currents Surface currents are movements
More informationHYDROGRAPHIC AND SITE SURVEY REPORT
HYDROGRAPHIC AND SITE SURVEY REPORT Proposed Pen Site at Dounie, Sound of Jura Prepared for: Kames Fish Farming Ltd Kilmelford Argyll PA34 4XA Tel: +44 (0)1631 720699 TransTech Limited www.transtechltd.com
More informationAnchoring Is Important
BCC Sailing Classes - Third Theory Anchoring Anchoring Is Important 1 The Anchor is your last resort. Anchoring Keep off a lee shore. Needs to be shaped (type of anchor) to bury in the type of bottom for
More informationMETHODS EMPLOYED IN LOCATING SOUNDINGS
METHODS EMPLOYED IN LOCATING SOUNDINGS The soundings are located with reference to the shore traverse by observations made (i) entirely from the boat, (ii) entirely from the shore or (iii) from both. The
More informationPage 1 of 6 Nav-Aid Basics Unlike the roads and highways that we drive on, the waterways we go boating on do not have road signs that tell us our location, the route or distance to a destination, or of
More informationDOWNLOAD OR READ : TIME AND TIDES PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI
DOWNLOAD OR READ : TIME AND TIDES PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 time and tides time and tides pdf time and tides Ecco: The Tides of Time is an action-adventure video game developed by Novotrade International,
More informationProf. B.S. Thandaveswara. The periodic rise and fall of the planetary ocean level in response to the gravitational
37.5 Tides The periodic rise and fall of the planetary ocean level in response to the gravitational interaction of the earth, moon, and sun. The periodic rise and fall of sea level that results from the
More informationAUS small scale charts for coastal navigation. Scale: 1 to 150,000
CHART-WORK SCALE Charts are available in different scales depending on their use. For passage planning you would use small scale charts and for close quarter manoeuvring you would use larger scale charts
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 15 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 15 Earth Science, 12e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2009 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationPROPAGATION OF LONG-PERIOD WAVES INTO AN ESTUARY THROUGH A NARROW INLET
PROPAGATION OF LONG-PERIOD WAVES INTO AN ESTUARY THROUGH A NARROW INLET Takumi Okabe, Shin-ichi Aoki and Shigeru Kato Department of Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi, Aichi,
More informationS-44 edition 5 The IHO s New Standard For Hydrographic Surveys Chris Howlett Head of Seabed Data Centre United Kingdom Hydrographic Office
S-44 edition 5 The IHO s New Standard For Hydrographic Surveys Chris Howlett Head of Seabed Data Centre United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Chairman of IHO Working Group that created S-44 edition 5 S-44
More informationOECS Regional Engineering Workshop September 29 October 3, 2014
B E A C H E S. M A R I N A S. D E S I G N. C O N S T R U C T I O N. OECS Regional Engineering Workshop September 29 October 3, 2014 Coastal Erosion and Sea Defense: Introduction to Coastal Dynamics David
More informationImpact of Dredging the Lower Narrow River on Circulation and Flushing
Impact of Dredging the Lower Narrow River on Circulation and Flushing Craig Swanson Ph.D. Swanson Environmental Alex Shaw Ocean Engineering, URI Prof. Malcolm L. Spaulding Ocean Engineering, URI 29 January
More information2. Water levels and wave conditions. 2.1 Introduction
18 2. Water levels and wave conditions 2.1 Introduction This Overtopping Manual has a focus on the aspects of wave run-up and wave overtopping only. It is not a design manual, giving the whole design process
More informationTidal analysis and prediction of the flow characteristics around Abu Dhabi Island
Tidal analysis and prediction of the flow characteristics around Abu Dhabi Island K.A. Mohamed & M.E. El-Dahshan Research Center, Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority Abstract In coastal seas and
More informationCERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY DECK OFFICER STCW 95 OFFICER IN CHARGE OF NAVIGATIONAL WATCH REG. II/1 (UNLIMITED)
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY DECK OFFICER EXAMINATIONS ADMINISTERED BY THE SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY ON BEHALF OF THE MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY STCW 95 OFFICER IN CHARGE
More informationTRIAXYS Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Comparison Study
TRIAXYS Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Comparison Study By Randolph Kashino, Axys Technologies Inc. Tony Ethier, Axys Technologies Inc. Reo Phillips, Axys Technologies Inc. February 2 Figure 1. Nortek
More informationThe Shipowners Club. Loss Prevention. Tides
The Shipowners Club Loss Prevention Tides British Crown Copyright and/or database rights. Reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office and the UK Hydrographic Office (www.ukho.gov.uk).
More informationMeasured broadband reverberation characteristics in Deep Ocean. [E.Mail: ]
Measured broadband reverberation characteristics in Deep Ocean Baiju M Nair, M Padmanabham and M P Ajaikumar Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi-682 021, India [E.Mail: ] Received ; revised
More informationAnatomy of a Depth Survey
1 Anatomy of a Depth Survey Part I General Considerations Tom O Donnell, AP Miles River Squadron 2 Why do depth surveys? NOAA, through its Office of Coast Survey, is mandated to keep our nautical charts
More informationEarth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all. interconnected as part of a single large global ocean.
Ocean Motion Met 101: Introduction to the World's Oceans Produced by The COMET Program Geography: Name Pd. Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all
More informationThe Movement of Ocean Water. Currents
The Movement of Ocean Water Currents Ocean Current movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern influenced by: weather Earth s rotation position of continents Surface current horizontal movement
More informationAPPLICATION OF SOUND PROPAGATION (IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA)
APPLICATION OF SOUND PROPAGATION (IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND OMAN SEA) Seyed Majid Mosaddad Department of Physics, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran Email: mosaddad5@gmail.com Abstract
More informationTidal regime along Vietnam coast under impacts of sea level rise
VNU Journal of Science, Earth Sciences 28 (2012) 133-139 Tidal regime along Vietnam coast under impacts of sea level rise Tran Thuc, Duong Hong Son* Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment
More informationWhat causes the tides in the ocean?
What causes the tides in the ocean? By NASA and NOAA on 02.09.17 Word Count 809 Level MAX Flying gulls on Morro Strand State Beach, California, at low tide. Morro Rock is seen in the background. Photo
More informationLiDAR My favourite tool in the bag 2011 St Kitts & Nevis
LiDAR My favourite tool in the bag 2011 St Kitts & Nevis Lt Cdr Rupert Forester-Bennett RN (ret d) December 5 th to 11 th 2011 Content Collection of geospatial data reasons Overcoming the White Ribbon
More informationChapter 1 - Secondary Ports
Chapter 1 - Secondary Ports?? If you can work with secondary ports try the exercise on page 13. Applicable references for this section are YN on Secondary Ports and NH chapter 7. The Tiller CD interactive
More informationScholarship 2018 Earth and Space Science
S 93104R Scholarship 2018 Earth and Space Science 9.30 a.m. Wednesday 7 November 2018 RESOURCE BOOKLET Refer to this booklet to answer the questions for Scholarship Earth and Space Science 93104. Check
More informationLab 5: Ocean Waves and Tides
Lab 5: Ocean Waves and Tides Goals 1. Be able to identify the different characteristics of ocean waves 2. Understand lunar cycles 3. Importance of Tides I. Ocean Waves There are three physical characteristics
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 3 Earth s Tides. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Florida Benchmarks SC.8.N.1.1 Define a problem from the eighth grade curriculum using appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of
More informationIntroduction to Physical Oceanography STUDENT NOTES Date: 1. What do you know about solar radiation at different parts of the world?
Introduction to Physical Oceanography STUDENT NOTES Date: 1 Warm up What do you know about solar radiation at different parts of the world? What affect does the tilt of the Earth have on the northern and
More informationAmbient Weather TIDECLOCK-25 6" Nautical Brass Quartz Time and Tide Clock with Bayonet User Manual
Ambient Weather TIDECLOCK-25 6" Nautical Brass Quartz Time and Tide Clock with Bayonet User Manual Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. Care and Cleaning... 2 3. Mounting and Opening the Back Cover
More informationEFFECTS OF WAVE, TIDAL CURRENT AND OCEAN CURRENT COEXISTENCE ON THE WAVE AND CURRENT PREDICTIONS IN THE TSUGARU STRAIT
EFFECTS OF WAVE, TIDAL CURRENT AND OCEAN CURRENT COEXISTENCE ON THE WAVE AND CURRENT PREDICTIONS IN THE TSUGARU STRAIT Ayumi Saruwatari 1, Yoshihiro Yoneko 2 and Yu Tajima 3 The Tsugaru Strait between
More informationWaves. harmonic wave wave equation one dimensional wave equation principle of wave fronts plane waves law of reflection
Waves Vocabulary mechanical wave pulse continuous periodic wave amplitude wavelength period frequency wave velocity phase transverse wave longitudinal wave intensity displacement wave number phase velocity
More informationData Collection and Processing: Elwha Estuary Survey, February 2013
Data Collection and Processing: Elwha Estuary Survey, February 2013 Ian Miller, WA Sea Grant Olympic Peninsula Field Office, 1502 E. Lauridsen Blvd #82, Port Angeles, WA 98362 immiller@u.washington.edu
More informationHomework 2a Bathymetric Charts [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)]
14 August 2008 MAR 110 HW-2a: ex1bathymetric Charts 1 2-1. BATHYMETRIC CHARTS Homework 2a Bathymetric Charts [based on the Chauffe & Jefferies (2007)] Nautical charts are maps of a region of the ocean
More information2 Available: 1390/08/02 Date of returning: 1390/08/17 1. A suction cup is used to support a plate of weight as shown in below Figure. For the conditio
1. A suction cup is used to support a plate of weight as shown in below Figure. For the conditions shown, determine. 2. A tanker truck carries water, and the cross section of the truck s tank is shown
More informationROYAL VANCOUVER YACHT CLUB
ROYAL VANCOUVER YACHT CLUB PROPOSED EXPANSION PROJECT NAVIGATION CHANNEL DESIGN COAL HARBOUR Prepared for: Royal Vancouver Yacht Club Prepared by: Typlan Consulting Ltd. March 2016 Page 1 of 17 March 23,
More informationConventional Ship Testing
Conventional Ship Testing Experimental Methods in Marine Hydrodynamics Lecture in week 34 Chapter 6 in the lecture notes 1 Conventional Ship Testing - Topics: Resistance tests Propeller open water tests
More information