CONSIDERATION OF DENSITY VARIATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR ROAD TUNNELS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "CONSIDERATION OF DENSITY VARIATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR ROAD TUNNELS"

Transcription

1 CONSIDERATION OF DENSITY VARIATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR ROAD TUNNELS Gloth O., Rudolf A. ILF Consulting Engineers Zürich, Switzerland ABSTRACT This article investigates the effects of varying density on the design of a ventilation system. In particular the effect of strong local heat sources (e.g. fires) on the system behaviour will be discussed. Changes in density have different effects. If a given flow rate has to be achieved at a certain point in a tunnel system the density at this very point might be different from the density at a ventilator station. Hence, if the density at the ventilator station is higher, the volumetric flow rate achieved by the fan can be lower than the required flow rate at a particular point in the tunnel. Since the volumetric flow rate is directly related to the size of a turbo-machine, it can be an important reduction in investment costs. Another important effect is buoyancy. Temperature changes can lead to strong flows induced by the natural buoyancy of the air. The intention of this article is to highlight a few impacts these effects might have on the design of a ventilation system. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Symbols The following symbols have been used in this article: p pressure [Pa] h elevation [m] T temperature [K or C] R individual gas constant of air [J kg -1 K -1 ] Re Reynolds number [1] Pr Prandtl number [1] Nu Nusselt number [1] g acceleration due to gravity [m s -2 ] ρ density [kg m -3 ] c specific heat [J kg -1 K -1 ] k heat conductivity [W K -1 m -1 ] V & volumetric flow rate [m 3 s -1 ] Q & heat flux [W] 1.2. Density Changes in Air Flow In the scope of this article air is considered to be a perfect gas. The relation between pressure, density and temperature is given by the ideal gas law p p = ρ RT ρ =. (1) RT For flow problems in tunnels, the influence of the temperature in (1) is more important than the pressure dependency of the density. Figure 1 shows the relation between pressure and density for a constant temperature of 20 C, as well as the temperature dependency for a constant pressure of mbar.

2 ρ [kg/m³] ρ [kg/m³] p [mbar] T [ C] Figure 1: Temperature and pressure dependency of air density While pressure fluctuations of 100 mbar or more are a rare exception in tunnel aerodynamics, temperature variations of 200 C and more are very common design cases in case of emergencies. Because of the strong influence of the temperature great care has to be taken to model heat exchanges correctly. Pressure, density and temperature also vary with altitude. All computations in this article have used the following equation to determine the atmospheric conditions at a given elevation gh p = psea exp, (2) RT where p sea is the pressure at sea level. Under normal conditions a gradient of -6.5 Kkm -1 can be assumed for the temperature distribution. Figure 2 shows the density variations depending on the elevation. isothermal dt/dh = -6.5 K/km ρ [kg/m³] ρ [kg/m³] h [m] h [m] 2. BUOYANCY EFFECTS Figure 2: Density variations with altitude This section shows what happens if a ventilation system is designed without buoyancy considerations and then is exposed to temperature differences between inside and outside. A computer model of a simple road tunnel has been created to show the effects of buoyancy. It is a fairly standard road tunnel with a cross section of 50 m 2 and a length of 2 kilometres. To illustrate buoyancy effects, it has an uphill grade of 2% and hence the difference in elevation between the two ends is 40 metres. The tunnel and the exhaust air channel are connected by three vents which split the tunnel in an upper and a lower half. Figure 3 shows a sketch of the

3 model with the arrows indicating the airflow. The exhaust channel has a cross sectional area of 20 m 2 and is extended 100 metres sideways on either end (see also Figure 4). An axial fan is situated on both ends of the exhaust channel. Two additional jet fans are placed in the tunnel at 500 and 1500 metres. These jet fans will only be used if the flow velocities in the two branches of the main tunnel differ significantly. Figure 3: Schematic sketch of model tunnel Figure 4: Computer model of a generic road tunnel Both axial fans deliver a volumetric flow rate of 75 m 3 s -1. In absence of buoyancy this leads to an air velocity of 1.5 ms -1 in both branches towards the extraction point. A first simulation has been made with the design conditions (i.e. no temperature variations considered). This is mainly a check for the computational setup. As can be seen in Table 1 (scenario A), the velocities in the upper and lower half of the tunnel are almost equal. The yet existing small differences are caused by tiny density differences in the ambient conditions at the tunnel ends (see Figure 2). Density variations due to altitude differences can be neglected for most road tunnel applications. Only in nearly vertical shafts, they may have a significant influence. To show the impact of temperature differences between tunnel walls and ambient air, the tunnel wall temperature has now been set above (scenarios B, C and D), or below the ambient temperature (scenarios E, F and G). Table 1 gives an overview of the computed results. The

4 average velocity varies significantly between the upper and lower branch. In the scenarios B and E, the velocity distribution is particularly asymmetric. Only if additional measures are taken (i.e. using the jet fans) a better flow can be achieved (scenarios C and F). An interesting alternative can also be to let buoyancy be the only driving force (i.e. all fans switched off). In the scenarios D and G it shows that a velocity above 1.5 ms -1 can be achieved by this strategy. This little example shows that natural buoyancy cannot be neglected for the design of a ventilation system. Please refer to Table 1 for a detailed summary of the results. The scenarios B, C and D represent conditions as they might be found in winter, and the scenarios E, F and G represent typical summer conditions. Table 1: Overview of different scenarios scenario A B C D E F G T wall C T ambient C lower jet fan d jet m v jet ms upper jet fan d jet m v jet ms lower fan Δ p Pa V & m 3 s upper fan Δ p Pa V & m 3 s lower half v ms upper half v ms INFLUENCE OF DENSITY VARIATIONS FOR EMERGENCIES The position of a ventilator station with respect to the position of a strong heat source (i.e. a fire) can have a strong influence on the design choices. If the fan is positioned close to a fire, it has to be capable of withstanding the hot gases from the fire. Also, due to the higher temperature, the density is significantly lower than in other areas. Thus, a machine which needs to deliver a given mass flow rate at one particular point in a tunnel system, can be smaller if it is placed where the density is expected to be higher. To illustrate this behaviour, a single gallery with a cross section of 20 m 2 and a length of 1000 metres shall be used. A computer simulation of this simplified example demonstrates the effects. The main relevant effects (i.e. convective heat transfer and heat conduction into the rock) shall be considered. On one side air with a temperature of 400 C enters the gallery. A flow rate of 200 m 3 s -1 has to be achieved. The difference between placing a fan 50 metres from the entrance or 50 metres from the exit is investigated. Operation of this exhaust fan shall be computed for two hours after the event. During this time, heat exchange between the hot air and the tunnel walls plays a decisive roll. Unlike real tunnel fires, this test case assumes a constant feed of air with a temperature of 400 C. This simplified example considers a homogeneous rock and air temperature of 20 C at the beginning of the test, i.e. the tunnel walls, as well as the rock behind them, initially have the same temperature. With time the heat penetrates into the rock. This penetration is governed by the equation for radial heat conduction.

5 T k = t ρ c rock rock 2 T 2 r 1 T +. (3) r r For r the temperature remains constant, but the wall temperature and the temperature distribution inside the rock is left free to change. The heat exchange between the tunnel walls and the air flow has been modelled using the following empirical expression for the turbulent Nusselt number ( 0.78ln Re 1.5) 2 ( 0.78ln Re 1.5) RePr Nu =. (4) Pr 8 2 The Nusselt number depends on the Reynolds and on the Prandtl number. The latter has been assumed to be 0.7 throughout this article Ventilator Operating in Hot Air A first case shall be simulated where the ventilator operates in hot air (50 metres from the entry). Figure 5 illustrates this setup. Figure 5: Fan operating in hot air The flow through this model gallery will be simulated for two hours of physical time. In Figure 5 the other possible position for the fan is indicated (50 metres from the exit). Probably a lower volumetric flow rate will be required at this point in order to achieve the same flow rate at the entry. The required flow rate will change over time. As the tunnel walls warm up the heat exchange between air and rock decreases. This heat exchange, however, is the reason for the higher density at the end of the gallery. If the conditions are kept up for an infinite time, the whole rock and the air will have the same temperature. In this case the difference in density is minor, because it is only related to the pressure drop along the tunnel. This difference can be neglected safely. In this example a maximal power of 15 kw is required to operate the fan. This maximal value occurs at the end of the two hour period Ventilator Operating in Colder Air To show the difference between operating a fan in cold or in hot air, the fan will now be placed closer to the exit. Figure 6 shows the new setup. The required volumetric flow rate can be extracted from the previous simulation (V & =160 m 3 s -1 ). For this setup a maximal power of 13 kw at the beginning of the two hour period is required.

6 Figure 6: Fan operating in colder air 3.3. Comparison Between Hot and Cold Operation The power requirement for the ventilator close to the exit is significantly lower. Figure 8 shows the evolution of the power consumption over time for both ventilator positions. In Figure 7 the volumetric flow rate at the position 50 metres from the entry can be viewed. It can be observed that for the two hours of operation the flow rate is higher if the fan is placed close to the exit. This could potentially give more security, while still requiring a smaller investment. The size of the machine, the maximal power requirement and the resistance to heat are all in favour of a position close to the exit. Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the evolution of air and wall temperature along the gallery. The lines represent different points in time (t = 20 min, 40 min, 60 min, 80 min, 100 min and 120 min). With increasing time the temperature increases as well. Initially both setups require the same power. As the tunnel heats up, the required power for the fan on the entry side increases. For the alternative fan position, on the other hand, the power decreases. Most of the time, the volumetric flow rate is significantly higher than for the hot fan position. Note has to be taken that the transient behaviour of the fans has not been modelled correctly. Thus the first fifteen minutes are left out of Figure 7 and Figure 8 due to the strong transient effects in this period. The volumetric flow rate has been enforced in the computer model. This can lead to unrealistically high forces. To model this phase accurately, the detailed fan behaviour (i.e. the compressor map) needs to be put into the computer model. It is, however, believed that the general trend and the maximal and minimal values are represented correctly. 4. CONCLUSIONS Density variations in tunnel systems can lead to strong effects. These effects cannot be neglected during the design phase of such a system. The comparison between a hot and a cold position for a ventilator station highlights a few important facts. The cold fan saves about 13% for the installed power requirement A cold fan could have a roughly 10% smaller diameter (based on the lower volumetric flow rate) A fan in a cold area experiences lower temperatures (see Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden.) All these points could cut investment costs, if axial smoke extraction fans are positioned as far away from potential fires as possible.

7 fan 50 m from entry fan 50 m from exit 220 P [kw] t [min] Figure 7: Volumetric flow rate 50 metres from the entry 15 fan 50 m from entry fan 50 m from exit 14 P [kw] t [min] Figure 8: Power consumption of the two different ventilator stations fan 50 m from entry fan 50 m from exit 350 T [ o C] t [min] Figure 9: Temperature at ventilator stations

8 T [ o C] x [m] Figure 10: Air temperature evolution T [ o C] x [m] Figure 11: Wall temperature evolution

AIRFLOW GENERATION IN A TUNNEL USING A SACCARDO VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BUOYANCY EFFECT PRODUCED BY A FIRE

AIRFLOW GENERATION IN A TUNNEL USING A SACCARDO VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BUOYANCY EFFECT PRODUCED BY A FIRE - 247 - AIRFLOW GENERATION IN A TUNNEL USING A SACCARDO VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BUOYANCY EFFECT PRODUCED BY A FIRE J D Castro a, C W Pope a and R D Matthews b a Mott MacDonald Ltd, St Anne House,

More information

OPTIMIZING THE LENGTH OF AIR SUPPLY DUCT IN CROSS CONNECTIONS OF GOTTHARD BASE TUNNEL. Rehan Yousaf 1, Oliver Scherer 1

OPTIMIZING THE LENGTH OF AIR SUPPLY DUCT IN CROSS CONNECTIONS OF GOTTHARD BASE TUNNEL. Rehan Yousaf 1, Oliver Scherer 1 OPTIMIZING THE LENGTH OF AIR SUPPLY DUCT IN CROSS CONNECTIONS OF GOTTHARD BASE TUNNEL Rehan Yousaf 1, Oliver Scherer 1 1 Pöyry Infra Ltd, Zürich, Switzerland ABSTRACT Gotthard Base Tunnel with its 57 km

More information

FLOW CONSIDERATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL SILENCER DESIGN

FLOW CONSIDERATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL SILENCER DESIGN FLOW CONSIDERATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL SILENCER DESIGN George Feng, Kinetics Noise Control, Inc., 3570 Nashua Drive, Mississauga, Ontario Vadim Akishin, Kinetics Noise Control, Inc., 3570 Nashua Drive, Mississauga,

More information

Purdue e-pubs. Purdue University. Stephan Lehr Technische Universitaet Dresden. Follow this and additional works at:

Purdue e-pubs. Purdue University. Stephan Lehr Technische Universitaet Dresden. Follow this and additional works at: Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 21 Numerical Investigation Of The Influence Of The Transient Flow Inside the Suction And

More information

AN INVESTIGATION OF LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION FOR SHORT ROAD TUNNELS WITH HIGH FIRE HRR

AN INVESTIGATION OF LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION FOR SHORT ROAD TUNNELS WITH HIGH FIRE HRR - 9 - AN INVESTIGATION OF LONGITUDINAL VENTILATION FOR SHORT ROAD TUNNELS WITH HIGH FIRE HRR O Gorman S., Nuttall R., Purchase A. Parsons Brinckerhoff, Australia ABSTRACT Recent fire tests for tunnels

More information

OPTIMISATION OF VENTILATION IN THE CASE OF A FIRE IN ROAD TUNNELS

OPTIMISATION OF VENTILATION IN THE CASE OF A FIRE IN ROAD TUNNELS - 51 - OPTIMISATION OF VENTILATION IN THE CASE OF A FIRE IN ROAD TUNNELS ABSTRACT Stosch R. 1, Wehner M. 1, Brandt R. 2 HBI HAERTER AG, Tunnel Ventilation Heidenheim 1, D and Zurich 2, CH The control of

More information

5.0 Neutral Buoyancy Test

5.0 Neutral Buoyancy Test 5.0 Neutral Buoyancy Test Montgolfier balloons use solar energy to heat the air inside the balloon. The balloon used for this project is made out of a lightweight, black material that absorbs the solar

More information

Flow in a shock tube

Flow in a shock tube Flow in a shock tube April 30, 05 Summary In the lab the shock Mach number as well as the Mach number downstream the moving shock are determined for different pressure ratios between the high and low pressure

More information

CFD SIMULATIONS OF GAS DISPERSION IN VENTILATED ROOMS

CFD SIMULATIONS OF GAS DISPERSION IN VENTILATED ROOMS CFD SIMULATIONS OF GAS DISPERSION IN VENTILATED ROOMS T. Gélain, C. Prévost Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Saclay, France Abstract In order to better understand the risks due

More information

ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH EXTERNAL FINS USING CFD TOOL

ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH EXTERNAL FINS USING CFD TOOL ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH EXTERNAL FINS USING CFD TOOL B. Usha Rani 1 and M.E Thermal 2 1,2 Asst.Professor, Dadi Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Abstract-The rate of heat transfer

More information

Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water

Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water Hong Xu, Chokri Guetari ANSYS INC. Abstract Transient numerical simulations of the rise of a train of gas bubbles in a liquid

More information

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLOW BEHAVIOUR IN A MODERN TRAFFIC TUNNEL IN CASE OF FIRE INCIDENT

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLOW BEHAVIOUR IN A MODERN TRAFFIC TUNNEL IN CASE OF FIRE INCIDENT - 277 - NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE FLOW BEHAVIOUR IN A MODERN TRAFFIC TUNNEL IN CASE OF FIRE INCIDENT Iseler J., Heiser W. EAS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany ABSTRACT A numerical study of the flow behaviour

More information

The water supply for a hydroelectric plant is a reservoir with a large surface area. An outlet pipe takes the water to a turbine.

The water supply for a hydroelectric plant is a reservoir with a large surface area. An outlet pipe takes the water to a turbine. Fluids 1a. [1 mark] The water supply for a hydroelectric plant is a reservoir with a large surface area. An outlet pipe takes the water to a turbine. State the difference in terms of the velocity of the

More information

The Usage of Propeller Tunnels For Higher Efficiency and Lower Vibration. M. Burak Şamşul

The Usage of Propeller Tunnels For Higher Efficiency and Lower Vibration. M. Burak Şamşul The Usage of Propeller Tunnels For Higher Efficiency and Lower Vibration M. Burak Şamşul ITU AYOC 2014 - Milper Pervane Teknolojileri Company Profile MILPER is established in 2011 as a Research and Development

More information

SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COLD HELIUM PROPAGATION ALONG A SCALE MODEL OF THE LHC TUNNEL

SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COLD HELIUM PROPAGATION ALONG A SCALE MODEL OF THE LHC TUNNEL EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics Large Hadron Collider Project LHC Project Report 684 SUMMARY OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COLD HELIUM PROPAGATION ALONG

More information

Comparison of Wind Turbines Regarding their Energy Generation.

Comparison of Wind Turbines Regarding their Energy Generation. Comparison of Wind Turbines Regarding their Energy Generation. P. Mutschler, Member, EEE, R. Hoffmann Department of Power Electronics and Control of Drives Darmstadt University of Technology Landgraf-Georg-Str.

More information

The below identified patent application is available for licensing. Requests for information should be addressed to:

The below identified patent application is available for licensing. Requests for information should be addressed to: DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY OFFICE OF COUNSEL NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER DIVISION 1176 HOWELL STREET NEWPORT Rl 02841-1708 IN REPLY REFER TO Attorney Docket No. 300170 20 March 2018 The below identified

More information

The Split of Two-Phase-Flow at Horizontal Side-T-junctions in Unbalanced Pipe Systems for Clean Extinguishing Agents

The Split of Two-Phase-Flow at Horizontal Side-T-junctions in Unbalanced Pipe Systems for Clean Extinguishing Agents The Split of Two-Phase-Flow at Horizontal Side-T-junctions in Unbalanced Pipe Systems for Clean Extinguishing Agents Abstract by Gudrun Fay Minimax GmbH & CO. KG Industriestraße 10-12, 23840 Bad Oldesloe,

More information

JJT WIND AMPLIFIER

JJT WIND AMPLIFIER JJT-001-2014 WIND AMPLIFIER Sevvel P 1, Santhosh P 2 1 Assoicate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Magna College of Engineering Email.Id : sevvel_ready@yahoo.co.in 2 Final year Mechanical

More information

kpa := 1000 Pa p atm := 101 kpa := i is inside o is outside effects are small. R gas := M gas 1000 mol

kpa := 1000 Pa p atm := 101 kpa := i is inside o is outside effects are small. R gas := M gas 1000 mol Homework Problem 1 Tall buildings can develop a significant difference in pressure between the inside and the outside of the build lock entrances are used at the ground level so the pressure at the ground

More information

METRO System Design. Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11

METRO System Design. Witt&Sohn AG Aug-11 METRO System Design Content Purpose Comparison Metro Road tunnel Ventilation Types/ Systems Operation Modes Pre-/ Detailed Design Summary Purpose Presentation: Degree of Complexity of Metro Systems No

More information

Applied Fluid Mechanics

Applied Fluid Mechanics Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and

More information

RESIDENTIAL WATER DISTRIBUTION

RESIDENTIAL WATER DISTRIBUTION RESIDENTIAL WATER DISTRIBUTION This case study demonstrates the steady-state simulation of the fresh water (drinking water) reticulation system in a small village. WATER RETICULATION Page1 WATER RETICULATION

More information

Ermenek Dam and HEPP: Spillway Test & 3D Numeric-Hydraulic Analysis of Jet Collision

Ermenek Dam and HEPP: Spillway Test & 3D Numeric-Hydraulic Analysis of Jet Collision Ermenek Dam and HEPP: Spillway Test & 3D Numeric-Hydraulic Analysis of Jet Collision J.Linortner & R.Faber Pöyry Energy GmbH, Turkey-Austria E.Üzücek & T.Dinçergök General Directorate of State Hydraulic

More information

REVIEW Effects of Side Vents and Span Numbers on Wind-Induced Natural Ventilation of a Gothic Multi-Span Greenhouse

REVIEW Effects of Side Vents and Span Numbers on Wind-Induced Natural Ventilation of a Gothic Multi-Span Greenhouse JARQ 38 (4), 7 33 (004) http://www.jircas.affrc.go.jp REVIEW Effects of Side Vents and Span Numbers on Wind-Induced Natural Ventilation of a Gothic Multi-Span Greenhouse Murat KACIRA 1,, Sadanori SASE

More information

THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE GRADIENTS ON VENTILATION DESIGN SPECIAL FOCUS ON UPGRADING LONG TUNNELS

THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE GRADIENTS ON VENTILATION DESIGN SPECIAL FOCUS ON UPGRADING LONG TUNNELS - 90 - THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE GRADIENTS ON VENTILATION DESIGN SPECIAL FOCUS ON UPGRADING LONG TUNNELS Sturm P.J., Beyer M., Bacher M., Schmölzer G. Graz University of Technology, Austria ABSTRACT In

More information

An underwater explosion is an explosion where the point of detonation is below the surface of the water.

An underwater explosion is an explosion where the point of detonation is below the surface of the water. Underwater Explosion 1 Introduction An underwater explosion is an explosion where the point of detonation is below the surface of the water. Underwater explosion are categorized in accordance with their

More information

SIMULATION OF ENTRAPMENTS IN LCM PROCESSES

SIMULATION OF ENTRAPMENTS IN LCM PROCESSES Douai, FRANCE - July 6 SIMULATION OF ENTRAPMENTS IN LCM PROCESSES René Arbter, Paolo Ermanni Centre of Structure Technologies ETH Zurich, Leonhardstr. 7, 89 Zurich, Switzerland: rarbter@ethz.ch ABSTRACT:

More information

VENTILATION DURING TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CONSIDERATIONS

VENTILATION DURING TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CONSIDERATIONS VENTILATION DURING TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY CONSIDERATIONS Air Quality Working Group Information Package - Part 7 of 12 December 2018 Doc No. AQWG_5_0.08 Page 1 of 12 Ventilation during Tunnel Construction

More information

I.CHEM.E. SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO. 97 BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION OP ENCLOSED SPACES

I.CHEM.E. SYMPOSIUM SERIES NO. 97 BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION OP ENCLOSED SPACES BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION OP ENCLOSED SPACES M. R. Marshall* and P. L. Stewart-Darling* A simple mathematical model for the buoyancy driven ventilation of an enclosed space, using a two-pipe

More information

Gas Gathering System Modeling The Pipeline Pressure Loss Match

Gas Gathering System Modeling The Pipeline Pressure Loss Match PETROLEUM SOCIETY CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGY & PETROLEUM PAPER 2005-230 Gas Gathering System Modeling The Pipeline Pressure Loss Match R.G. MCNEIL, P.ENG. Fekete Associates Inc. D.R. LILLICO,

More information

E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences

E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences EACWE 5 Florence, Italy 19 th 23 rd July 29 Flying Sphere image Museo Ideale L. Da Vinci Chasing gust fronts - wind measurements at the airport Munich, Germany E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum

More information

URBAN ENERGY AND MICROCLIMATE: WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS AND MULTISCALE MODELING

URBAN ENERGY AND MICROCLIMATE: WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS AND MULTISCALE MODELING URBAN ENERGY AND MICROCLIMATE: WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS AND MULTISCALE MODELING Jan Carmeliet 1,2, Jonas Allegrini 1,2, Peter Moonen 1,2, Saba Saneinejad 1, Viktor Dorer 2 1 ETHZ, Chair of Building Physics,

More information

SIMULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLIGHT CONDITIONS

SIMULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLIGHT CONDITIONS SIMULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLIGHT CONDITIONS BY ADVANCED ALTITUDE SIMULATION Klaus SCHÄFER Institute of Space Propulsion, German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Lampoldshausen, 74239 Hardthausen, Germany klaus.schaefer@dlr.de

More information

Meteorology & Air Pollution. Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun

Meteorology & Air Pollution. Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun Meteorology & Air Pollution Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun Dispersion = Advection (Transport) + Dilution (Diffusion) Source Transport Receptor Re-entrainment Fick s law of diffusion J= - D * D C/Dx Where, J= Mass

More information

Bioreactor System ERT 314. Sidang /2011

Bioreactor System ERT 314. Sidang /2011 Bioreactor System ERT 314 Sidang 1 2010/2011 Chapter 2:Types of Bioreactors Week 4 Flow Patterns in Agitated Tanks The flow pattern in an agitated tank depends on the impeller design, the properties of

More information

ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL FOR LOW SPEED AIRCRAFT

ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL FOR LOW SPEED AIRCRAFT ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL FOR LOW SPEED AIRCRAFT P.Sethunathan 1, M.Niventhran 2, V.Siva 2, R.Sadhan Kumar 2 1 Asst.Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering,

More information

How Inlet Conditions Impact Centrifugal Air Compressors

How Inlet Conditions Impact Centrifugal Air Compressors How Inlet Conditions Impact Centrifugal Air Compressors Richard Stasyshan, CAGI Technical Consultant and the Centrifugal Compressor Section of the Compressed Air & Gas Institiute (CAGI). Centrifugal technology

More information

Study on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using Ground Heating

Study on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using Ground Heating Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 11 (2011) 226 232 The 5 th Conference on Performance-based Fire and Fire Protection Engineering Study on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using

More information

Ventilation of Small Multispan Greenhouse in Relation to the Window Openings Calculated with CFD

Ventilation of Small Multispan Greenhouse in Relation to the Window Openings Calculated with CFD Ventilation of Small Multispan Greenhouse in Relation to the Window Openings Calculated with CFD J.B. Campen Plant Research International Wageningen The Netherlands Keywords: greenhouse design, wind direction,

More information

DUE TO EXTERNAL FORCES

DUE TO EXTERNAL FORCES 17B.6 DNS ON GROWTH OF A VERTICAL VORTEX IN CONVECTION DUE TO EXTERNAL FORCES Ryota Iijima* and Tetsuro Tamura Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan 1. INTRODUCTION Various types of vertical vortices,

More information

SUBPART C - STRUCTURE

SUBPART C - STRUCTURE SUBPART C - STRUCTURE GENERAL CS 23.301 Loads (a) Strength requirements are specified in terms of limit loads (the maximum loads to be expected in service) and ultimate loads (limit loads multiplied by

More information

Deborah Houssin-Agbomson, Jean-Yves Letellier, Philippe Renault, Simon Jallais

Deborah Houssin-Agbomson, Jean-Yves Letellier, Philippe Renault, Simon Jallais AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DEDICATED TO WIND INFLUENCE ON HELIUM BUILD-UP AND CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION INSIDE A 1-M 3 SEMI-CONFINED ENCLOSURE CONSIDERING HYDROGEN ENERGY APPLICATIONS CONDITIONS OF USE. Deborah

More information

OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY This case study discusses the sizing of a coalescer filter and demonstrates its fouling life cycle analysis using a Flownex model which implements two new pressure loss components: - A rated pressure loss

More information

Scott Denning CSU CMMAP 1

Scott Denning CSU CMMAP 1 Thermodynamics, Buoyancy, and Vertical Motion Temperature, Pressure, and Density Buoyancy and Static Stability Adiabatic Lapse Rates Dry and Moist Convective Motions Present Atmospheric Composition What

More information

Gas Vapor Injection on Refrigerant Cycle Using Piston Technology

Gas Vapor Injection on Refrigerant Cycle Using Piston Technology Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2012 Gas Vapor Injection on Refrigerant Cycle Using Piston Technology Sophie

More information

Available online at Procedia Engineering 200 (2010) (2009) In situ drag measurements of sports balls

Available online at  Procedia Engineering 200 (2010) (2009) In situ drag measurements of sports balls Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 200 (2010) (2009) 2437 2442 000 000 Procedia Engineering www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 8 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering

More information

S-CO 2 Brayton Recompression Loop Design and Control

S-CO 2 Brayton Recompression Loop Design and Control S-CO 2 Brayton Recompression Loop Design and Control 1) Background 2) Recommended Design Features 3) Modeling Strategy IST Model Changes Transient Results Prepared by: Mike Hexemer Advanced Concepts Knolls

More information

Properties of Fluids SPH4C

Properties of Fluids SPH4C Properties of Fluids SPH4C Fluids Liquids and gases are both fluids: a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids Liquids and gases are both fluids: a fluid is any substance

More information

Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Helium Dispersion in a ¼-Scale Two-Car Residential Garage

Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Helium Dispersion in a ¼-Scale Two-Car Residential Garage Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Helium Dispersion in a ¼-Scale Two-Car Residential Garage William M. Pitts, Jiann C. Yang, Kuldeep Prasad, and Marco Fernandez National Institute of Standards

More information

Improvement of the Volumetric and Isentropic Efficiency Due to Modifications of the Suction Chamber

Improvement of the Volumetric and Isentropic Efficiency Due to Modifications of the Suction Chamber Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2008 Improvement of the Volumetric and Isentropic Efficiency Due to Modifications of the

More information

RESOURCE DECREASE BY LARGE SCALE WIND FARMING

RESOURCE DECREASE BY LARGE SCALE WIND FARMING ECN-RX--4-14 RESOURCE DECREASE BY LARGE SCALE WIND FARMING G.P. Corten A.J. Brand This paper has been presented at the European Wind Energy Conference, London, -5 November, 4 NOVEMBER 4 Resource Decrease

More information

Fire safety of staircases in multi-storey buildings The results of measurements in Buildings and Simulations

Fire safety of staircases in multi-storey buildings The results of measurements in Buildings and Simulations Fire safety of staircases in multi-storey buildings The results of measurements in Buildings and Simulations Grzegorz Kubicki, Ph.D. Department of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology

More information

Návrh vratného kanálu u dvoustupňového kompresoru Return channel design of the two stage compressor

Návrh vratného kanálu u dvoustupňového kompresoru Return channel design of the two stage compressor Návrh vratného kanálu u dvoustupňového kompresoru Return channel design of the two stage compressor J. Hrabovský, J. Vacula, M. Komárek L. K. Engineering, s.r.o C. Drápela, M. Vacek, J. Klíma PBS Turbo

More information

JAR-23 Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes \ Issued 11 March 1994 \ Section 1- Requirements \ Subpart C - Structure \ General

JAR-23 Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes \ Issued 11 March 1994 \ Section 1- Requirements \ Subpart C - Structure \ General JAR 23.301 Loads \ JAR 23.301 Loads (a) Strength requirements are specified in terms of limit loads (the maximum loads to be expected in service) and ultimate loads (limit loads multiplied by prescribed

More information

Single Phase Pressure Drop and Flow Distribution in Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers

Single Phase Pressure Drop and Flow Distribution in Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2016 Single Phase Pressure Drop and Flow Distribution in Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers

More information

School of Engineering & Technology University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, AL10 9AB. Wind Tunnel Testing of Crossgrip TPO Roof Walkway Matting

School of Engineering & Technology University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, AL10 9AB. Wind Tunnel Testing of Crossgrip TPO Roof Walkway Matting School of Engineering & Technology University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, AL10 9AB Wind Tunnel ing of Crossgrip TPO Roof Walkway Matting Consultant: Dr. Ken Hart (k.j.hart@herts.ac.uk) Consultancy Report

More information

Influence of Ambient Temperature on Performance of a Joule-Thomson Refrigerator

Influence of Ambient Temperature on Performance of a Joule-Thomson Refrigerator Influence of Ambient Temperature on Performance of a Joule-Thomson Refrigerator Y. J. Hong, S.J. Park, J. Ko, H.B. Kim Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials Daejeon, 305-343, Korea ABSTRACT Miniature

More information

Start-up of the Three-shaft Closed Loop

Start-up of the Three-shaft Closed Loop Start-up of the Three-shaft Closed Loop Brayton Cycle Model of the PBMR Power Plant PG Rousseau, GP Greyvenstein & WMK van Niekerk, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Potchefstroom University

More information

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF PERFORMANCE OF A LIQUD PISTON COMPRESSOR

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF PERFORMANCE OF A LIQUD PISTON COMPRESSOR 9. Pompa Vana Kompressör Kongresi 5-7 Mayıs 2016, İstanbul MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF PERFORMANCE OF A LIQUD PISTON COMPRESSOR Süleyman Doğan Öner Email: oner@ug.bilkent.edu.tr İbrahim Nasuh Yıldıran Email:

More information

Wind Flow Model of Area Surrounding the Case Western Reserve University Wind Turbine

Wind Flow Model of Area Surrounding the Case Western Reserve University Wind Turbine Wind Flow Model of Area Surrounding the Case Western Reserve University Wind Turbine Matheus C. Fernandes 1, David H. Matthiesen PhD *2 1 Case Western Reserve University Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,

More information

Free Surface Flow Simulation with ACUSIM in the Water Industry

Free Surface Flow Simulation with ACUSIM in the Water Industry Free Surface Flow Simulation with ACUSIM in the Water Industry Tuan Ta Research Scientist, Innovation, Thames Water Kempton Water Treatment Works, Innovation, Feltham Hill Road, Hanworth, TW13 6XH, UK.

More information

Row / Distance from centerline, m. Fan side Distance behind spreader, m 0.5. Reference point. Center line

Row / Distance from centerline, m. Fan side Distance behind spreader, m 0.5. Reference point. Center line 1 Standardisation of test method for salt spreader: Air flow experiments Report 7: Effect of crosswind on salt distribution by Jan S. Strøm, Consultant Aarhus University, Engineering Centre Bygholm, Test

More information

Chapter 13. liquids. gases. 1) Fluids exert pressure. a) because they're made up of matter and therefore forces are applied to them

Chapter 13. liquids. gases. 1) Fluids exert pressure. a) because they're made up of matter and therefore forces are applied to them \ Chapter 13 Fluids 1) Fluids exert pressure a) because they're made up of matter and therefore forces are applied to them liquids gases b) they are made of matter in constant motion colliding with other

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 112 (2015 )

Available online at   ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 112 (2015 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 112 (2015 ) 395 399 7 th Asia-Pacific Congress on Sports Technology, APCST 2015 A comparative study of vent designs for effective

More information

Numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic drag on a subsonic train in evacuated tube transportation

Numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic drag on a subsonic train in evacuated tube transportation Journal of Modern Transportation Volume 20, Number 1, March 2012, Page 44-48 Journal homepage: jmt.swjtu.edu.cn DOI: 10.1007/BF03325776 1 Numerical simulation and analysis of aerodynamic drag on a subsonic

More information

Designing a Traffic Circle By David Bosworth For MATH 714

Designing a Traffic Circle By David Bosworth For MATH 714 Designing a Traffic Circle By David Bosworth For MATH 714 Abstract We all have had the experience of sitting in a traffic jam, or we ve seen cars bunched up on a road for some no apparent reason. The use

More information

Fall 2004 Homework Problem Set 9 Due Wednesday, November 24, at start of class

Fall 2004 Homework Problem Set 9 Due Wednesday, November 24, at start of class 0.30 Fall 004 Homework Problem Set 9 Due Wednesday, November 4, at start of class Part A. Consider an iron surface which serves as a catalyst for the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. The

More information

CHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS

CHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS CHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS EXERCISE 144, Page 317 1. The pressure of a mass of gas is increased from 150 kpa to 750 kpa at constant temperature. Determine the final volume of the gas, if its initial volume

More information

Theoretical Modelling of Rotary Valve Air Leakage for Pneumatic Conveying Systems

Theoretical Modelling of Rotary Valve Air Leakage for Pneumatic Conveying Systems University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2002 Theoretical Modelling of Rotary Valve Air Leakage for Pneumatic Conveying

More information

Determination of the wind pressure distribution on the facade of the triangularly shaped high-rise building structure

Determination of the wind pressure distribution on the facade of the triangularly shaped high-rise building structure Determination of the wind pressure distribution on the facade of the triangularly shaped high-rise building structure Norbert Jendzelovsky 1,*, Roland Antal 1 and Lenka Konecna 1 1 STU in Bratislava, Faculty

More information

LONGITUDINAL AIR VELOCITY CONTROL IN A ROAD TUNNEL DURING A FIRE EVENT

LONGITUDINAL AIR VELOCITY CONTROL IN A ROAD TUNNEL DURING A FIRE EVENT - 27 - LONGITUDINAL AIR VELOCITY CONTROL IN A ROAD TUNNEL DURING A FIRE EVENT R. Borchiellini, V. Ferro, V. Giaretto Energy Department Politecnico di Torino Italy ABSTRACT Ventilation equipment is used

More information

MODELLING OF FUME EXTRACTORS C. R.

MODELLING OF FUME EXTRACTORS C. R. LD8 19th International Symposium of Ballistics, 7 11 May 21, Interlaken, Switzerland MODELLING OF FUME EXTRACTORS C. R. Woodley WS4 Guns and Warheads Department, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency,

More information

Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid *

Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid * OpenStax-CNX module: m42192 1 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 Abstract Dene

More information

Figure 1 Photographs of the tunnel during construction and the original tunnel lining.

Figure 1 Photographs of the tunnel during construction and the original tunnel lining. Proc. Int. Conf. Risk and Fire Engineering for Tunnels, Stations and Linked Underground Spaces. 19-2 April 26, Hong Kong. Organised by Tunnel Management International. pp. 31-39. ISBN: 1 9188 25 4 CLYDE

More information

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE COEFFICIENTS AND CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN A BALL VALVE

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE COEFFICIENTS AND CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN A BALL VALVE Proceedings of the 37 th International & 4 th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power FMFP2010 December 16-18, 2010, IIT Madras, Chennai, India FMFP2010 341 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE

More information

Technical information

Technical information Technical information 1.1 Design Elektror medium pressure blowers of the RD range are radial ventilators with double-wall impellers made from sheet aluminium respectively from sheet steel. They are directly

More information

Transient Analyses In Relief Systems

Transient Analyses In Relief Systems Transient Analyses In Relief Systems Dirk Deboer, Brady Haneman and Quoc-Khanh Tran Kaiser Engineers Pty Ltd ABSTRACT Analyses of pressure relief systems are concerned with transient process disturbances

More information

Energy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors.

Energy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors. Energy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors. John M Smith School of Engineering (D2) University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK j.smith@surrey.ac.uk 1 Energy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors.

More information

AIRFLOW AND TEMPERATURE FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR WINTER SPORTS FACILITIES

AIRFLOW AND TEMPERATURE FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR WINTER SPORTS FACILITIES AIRFLOW AND TEMPERATURE FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR WINTER SPORTS FACILITIES Andrea Frisque* Stantec Consulting, Vancouver BC V6B6A3, Canada Rowan, Williams, Davies & Irwin (RWDI), Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1K5, Canada**

More information

EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF CONVERTER HOODS. 111 Ferguson Ct. Suite 103 Irving, Texas U.S.A. 400 Carlingview Dr. Toronto, ON M9W 5X9 Canada.

EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF CONVERTER HOODS. 111 Ferguson Ct. Suite 103 Irving, Texas U.S.A. 400 Carlingview Dr. Toronto, ON M9W 5X9 Canada. EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF CONVERTER HOODS Paykan Safe 1, Sam Matson 1, and John Deakin 2 1 Gas Cleaning Technologies 111 Ferguson Ct. Suite 103 Irving, Texas 75062 U.S.A. 2 H.G. Engineering, Ltd. 400 Carlingview

More information

Air Pollution Dispersion

Air Pollution Dispersion Air Pollution Dispersion Dispersion Processes Convective Dispersion Air Parcel Dynamics Adiabatic Process Lapse Rate Equilibrium and Stability Atmospheric Stability Stability and Dispersion Temperature

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR FOR DIFFERENT ROTATIONAL SPEED USING CFD

OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR FOR DIFFERENT ROTATIONAL SPEED USING CFD http:// OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR FOR DIFFERENT ROTATIONAL SPEED USING CFD Anand Kumar S malipatil 1, Anantharaja M.H 2 1,2 Department of Thermal Power Engineering, VTU-RO Gulbarga,

More information

THE AIRCRAFT SEAT AS INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

THE AIRCRAFT SEAT AS INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM THE AIRCRAFT SEAT AS INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM P Jacobs *, WF de Gids Department of Building Physics Indoor Environment and Energy TNO Environment and Geosciences Delft, 2600 AA,

More information

Study on the Influencing Factors of Gas Mixing Length in Nitrogen Displacement of Gas Pipeline Kun Huang 1,a Yan Xian 2,b Kunrong Shen 3,c

Study on the Influencing Factors of Gas Mixing Length in Nitrogen Displacement of Gas Pipeline Kun Huang 1,a Yan Xian 2,b Kunrong Shen 3,c Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 2013-06-13 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 321-324, pp 299-304 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.299 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Study on the Influencing

More information

Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler

Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler C. Becnel, J. Lagrone, and K. Kelly Mezzo Technologies Baton Rouge, LA USA 70806 ABSTRACT The Missile Defense Agency has supported a research

More information

Effect of Inlet Clearance Gap on the Performance of an Industrial Centrifugal Blower with Parallel Wall Volute

Effect of Inlet Clearance Gap on the Performance of an Industrial Centrifugal Blower with Parallel Wall Volute International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5293/ijfms.2013.6.3.113 Vol. 6, No. 3, July-September 2013 ISSN (Online): 1882-9554 Original Paper (Invited) Effect of Inlet

More information

Injector Dynamics Assumptions and their Impact on Predicting Cavitation and Performance

Injector Dynamics Assumptions and their Impact on Predicting Cavitation and Performance Injector Dynamics Assumptions and their Impact on Predicting Cavitation and Performance Frank Husmeier, Cummins Fuel Systems Presented by Laz Foley, ANSYS Outline Overview Computational Domain and Boundary

More information

CFD Modelling of LPG dispersion

CFD Modelling of LPG dispersion CHAM Limited Pioneering CFD Software for Education & Industry CFD Modelling of LPG dispersion Demonstration example The following describes the numerical analysis of the dispersion of gas release from

More information

Smoke and heat Ventilator Testing

Smoke and heat Ventilator Testing Instituut vir Termodinamika en Meganika Institute for Thermodynamics and Mechanics Smoke and heat Ventilator Testing by CJ Zietsman and GR Smith November 2005 Departement Meganiese Ingenieurswese Privaat

More information

MODELING OF THERMAL BEHAVIOR INSIDE A BUBBLE

MODELING OF THERMAL BEHAVIOR INSIDE A BUBBLE CAV2001:sessionB6.002 1 MODEING OF THERMA BEHAVIOR INSIDE A BUBBE Boonchai ERTNUWAT *, Kazuyasu SUGIYAMA ** and Yoichiro MATSUMOTO *** *, ***Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo,

More information

Research on natural gas pipeline leakage and ventilation scheme in tunnel

Research on natural gas pipeline leakage and ventilation scheme in tunnel Research on natural gas pipeline leakage and ventilation scheme in tunnel Hongfang Lu 1,, Kun Huang 1, Lingdi Fu 1, Zhihao Zhang 1, Shijuan Wu 3, You Lyu 4 1 School of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest

More information

Cooling performance of Persian wind towers

Cooling performance of Persian wind towers Eco-Architecture IV 197 Cooling performance of Persian wind towers M. Hejazi 1 & B. Hejazi 2 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 2 Department

More information

Write important assumptions used in derivation of Bernoulli s equation. Apart from an airplane wing, give an example based on Bernoulli s principle

Write important assumptions used in derivation of Bernoulli s equation. Apart from an airplane wing, give an example based on Bernoulli s principle HW#3 Sum07 #1. Answer in 4 to 5 lines in the space provided for each question: (a) A tank partially filled with water has a balloon well below the free surface and anchored to the bottom by a string. The

More information

Georgian University GEOMEDI. Abstract. In this article we perform theoretical analysis of long jumps with the purpose to find

Georgian University GEOMEDI. Abstract. In this article we perform theoretical analysis of long jumps with the purpose to find On the t Influence of Air Resistance and Wind during Long Jump Egoyan A. E. ( alex1cen@yahoo.com ), Khipashvili I. A. Georgian University GEOMEDI Abstract. In this article we perform theoretical analysis

More information

UNIT 15 WATER HAMMER AND SURGE TANKS

UNIT 15 WATER HAMMER AND SURGE TANKS UNT 15 WATER HAMMER AND SURGE TANKS Structure 15.1 ntroduction Objectives 15.2 Water Hammer 15.2.1 Expression for Rise in Pressure 15.3 Rapid Acceleration of Flow 15.4 Surge Tanks 15.5 Summary 15.6 Keywords

More information

The effect of wind speed on the performance of a split chimney

The effect of wind speed on the performance of a split chimney 2012 International Conference on Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics Technologies (FDTT 2012) IPCSIT vol.33(2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore The effect of wind speed on the performance of a split chimney

More information

Assumptions 1 At specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas. 2 The volume of the tire remains constant.

Assumptions 1 At specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas. 2 The volume of the tire remains constant. PTT 04/ Applied Fluid Mechanics Sem, Session015/016 ASSIGNMENT 1 CHAPTER AND CHAPTER 1. The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 0.0740 m is at 0 C and 140 kpa. Determine the amount of air that must

More information

STABILITY OF MULTIHULLS Author: Jean Sans

STABILITY OF MULTIHULLS Author: Jean Sans STABILITY OF MULTIHULLS Author: Jean Sans (Translation of a paper dated 10/05/2006 by Simon Forbes) Introduction: The capsize of Multihulls requires a more exhaustive analysis than monohulls, even those

More information

HW-1: Due by 5:00 pm EDT on Wednesday 13 June 2018 to GradeScope.

HW-1: Due by 5:00 pm EDT on Wednesday 13 June 2018 to GradeScope. HW-1: Due by 5:00 pm EDT on Wednesday 13 June 2018 to GradeScope. The solar cell/solar panel shown above depict how a semiconductor can transform solar power into electrical power. Consider the solar panel

More information