Lecture 3. Science A February 2008 Finish discussion of the perfect gas law from Lecture Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying
|
|
- Darrell Allison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture 3. Science A February 2008 Finish discussion of the perfect gas law from Lecture Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying fluid ("hydrostatic"), force of molecules bouncing off of an object. 2. Further discuss the concept of density ρ ; 3. Review the concept of kinetic energy of molecules in a gas. Look at some demos showing how pressure is manifest on the molecular and hydrostatic scales. 4. Work through the concept of the barometric law (hydrostatic balance: each layer of atmosphere must support the weight of the overlying column mass of atmosphere). How does the atmosphere bring the force exerted by molecular motions into balance with the weight of overlying atmosphere? 5. Look at the distribution of pressure with altitude in the atmosphere, or depth in the ocean. 6. Discuss how a barometer works ("dry demo"). 7. Introduce buoyancy.
2 water air fluid will start to move Water columns have the same height: Pressures equal on both sides. Water columns higher on the left: Pressure higher on the left. Mass of water = volume x density; Which has the greater volume? Cylinder volume = h x A = h x π r 2. Mass = ρ h π r 2. Weight = Mass x g = ρ h π r 2 Pressure = Mass x g / A = h ρ g
3 Boyle s law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 ; Charles Law P 1 / T 1 = P 2 / T 2 PV = NkT Perfect gas law (a.k.a. Boyle's and Charles' Laws) where P is pressure, V volume, N the number of molecules in the volume, and T the absolute temperature (Kelvin; T(K)=T(C) ); k is Boltzmann's constant (1.38 x Joules/Kelvin). P = nkt, where n (= N/V, the number density) is the number of molecules per unit volume. The Perfect Gas Law relates pressure to temperature (the kinetic energy of the molecules) and "number density". The density ( ρ ) is defined as the mass per unit volume. If m is the mass of one molecule, then ρ = m n. The pressure, density and temperature of air are therefore related by: P = ρ (k/m) T, an important form of the perfect gas law. The constant (k/m) is called R (the gas constant), R = J kg -1 K -1.
4 Lecture 3. Science A February Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying fluid ("hydrostatic"), force of molecules bouncing off of an object. 2. Discuss the concept of density ρ ; 3. Review the concept of kinetic energy of molecules in a gas. Look at some demos showing how pressure is manifest on the molecular and hydrostatic scales. 4. Work through the concept of the barometric law (hydrostatic balance: each layer of atmosphere must support the weight of the overlying column mass of atmosphere). How does the atmosphere bring the force exerted by molecular motions into balance with the weight of overlying atmosphere? 5. Look at the distribution of pressure with altitude in the atmosphere, or depth in the ocean. 6. Discuss how a barometer works ("dry demo"). 7. Introduce buoyancy.
5 Kinetic energy and molecular motion E = 1/2 m v 2 = 3/2 k T k = Joules/Kelvin; T = 300 K (room temperature) E = Joules/molecule; for one mole, N 0 ( molecules): E 0 = Joules/mole. Thus the molecules in only 29 grams of air (1 mole) contain 3.78 kj of kinetic energy. Since 1 Watt = 1 Joule/s, this amount of energy fires up the electrical appliances in an average house for 1 second! How fast do molecules move? 3/2 kt = 1/2 mv 2 m air = 29/N 0 = kg per molecule v = (3 kt/ m ) 1/2 = 500 m s -1 at T=300 K A more exact treatment gives (8 kt/(πm)) 1/2 = 467 m s -1. This is the speed of sound! (why is that?)
6 Lecture 3. Science A February Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying fluid ("hydrostatic"), force of molecules bouncing off of an object. 2. Discuss the concept of density ρ ; 3. Review the concept of kinetic energy of molecules in a gas. Look at some demos showing how pressure is manifest on the molecular and hydrostatic scales. 4. Work through the concept of the barometric law (hydrostatic balance: each layer of atmosphere must support the weight of the overlying column mass of atmosphere). How does the atmosphere bring the force exerted by molecular motions into balance with the weight of overlying atmosphere? 5. Look at the distribution of pressure with altitude in the atmosphere, or depth in the ocean. 6. Discuss how a barometer works ("dry demo"). 7. Introduce buoyancy.
7 Z (altitude) Atmospheric pressure and temperature Distribution of pressure with altitude: the barometric law. atmosphere P 2 P 2 Z 2 Z 1 D 2 D 1 P 1 P 1 increases upward P 1 > P 2 at Z 1 < Z 2 ocean D (depth) increases downward P 1 > P 2 at D 1 > D 2 Changes in pressure with altitude in the atmosphere (left) and depth in the ocean (right). Pressure always increases as the observer moves downward because the weight of the overlying column of fluid (air or water) increases. Note: Altitude is conventionally measured increasing upwards from the surface of the earth, and depth increasing downwards. Therefore pressure decreases with increasing altitude in the atmosphere and pressure increases with increasing depth in the ocean. "air is compressible" density depends on pressure ρ = P/ [ (k/m) T ]
8 Relationship between density, pressure and altitude Z 2 P 2 Z 1 P 1 By how much is P1 > P2? The weight of the slab of fluid between Z1 and Z2 is given by the density, ρ, multiplied by volume of the slab) and g weight of slab = ρ (area height) g. Set the area of the column to 1 m 2, the weight is ρ g (Z2 -Z1): If the atmosphere is not being accelerated, there must be a difference in pressure (P2 - P1) across the slab that exactly balances the force of gravity (weight of the slab).
9 - (P2 - P1) = weight = ρ g (Z2 -Z1). Pressure increases as we descend in the atmosphere because the air at each level much hold up the weight of all the air above it. (Note the minus sign, pressure is lower at P2.) But the atmosphere is compressible, meaning the density ρ depends on the pressure itself! Use the Perfect Gas Law P = ρ (k/m) T to account for this fact. ρ = P av /( ( k/m )T ) Obtain the barometric law: ΔP = -P av [ mg / (kt) ] ΔZ. The quantity kt/mg = H has units of length. It is a property of the atmosphere, and it is the most important length in atmosphere, given a special name, scale height. ΔP = -P av ΔZ/H. or ΔP/P = - ΔZ/H
10 If we had an atmosphere where the temperature did not change with altitude, the barometric law would have a very simple form in terms of the exponential function exp(), which appears on most hand calculators, exp(x) = e x, where e= , P(Z) = P o e -Z/H. P o is the pressure at the ground (100,000 N/m 2 or 1 atm = 1000 mb). This is the simplest form of the Barometric Law describing the change of pressure with height in the atmosphere. How big is H: H = kt/mg= 1.38 e -23 x 273 /(4.8e -26 * 9.8) H ~ 8000 ( 8 km) The scale height H is the measure of depth in the atmosphere.
11 Lecture 3. Science A February Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying fluid ("hydrostatic"), force of molecules bouncing off of an object. 2. Discuss the concept of density ρ ; 3. Review the concept of kinetic energy of molecules in a gas. Look at some demos showing how pressure is manifest on the molecular and hydrostatic scales. 4. Work through the concept of the barometric law (hydrostatic balance: each layer of atmosphere must support the weight of the overlying column mass of atmosphere). How does the atmosphere bring the force exerted by molecular motions into balance with the weight of overlying atmosphere? The distribution of masses (densities) in the atmosphere will adjust until this balance is reached, because, if there are unbalanced forces, masses of air will accelerate air parcels towards the balanced distribution. 5. Look at the distribution of pressure with altitude in the atmosphere, or depth in the ocean. 6. Discuss how a barometer works ("dry demo"). 7. Introduce buoyancy.
12 Pressure vs depth in the ocean ocean The weight of a slab of ocean with unit area (1 m 2 ) is [mass of the slab] g = ρ g (D1 - D2) which gives the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the slab, ΔP = ρ g ΔD. Since ρ is essentially constant for water (water is incompressible), the change in pressure across the slab is proportional to the thickness of the slab but not proportional to pressure itself (contrast to atmosphere). The pressure changes by the same increment for a given depth change, and pressure increases linearly, not exponentially, with depth in the ocean, D 2 P 2 D 1 P 1 P = P o + ρ w g D where ρ w is the mean mass density of seawater. Since the mass density of liquid water is about 1000 times greater than the density of air, the pressure becomes very large in the deep ocean.
13 ocean atmosphere bar = 10 5 N/m Depth (km) 2 Altitude (km) Pressure (bar) oceans Pressure (bar) atmosphere
14 Lecture 3. Science A February Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying fluid ("hydrostatic"), force of molecules bouncing off of an object. 2. Discuss the concept of density ρ ; 3. Review the concept of kinetic energy of molecules in a gas. Look at some demos showing how pressure is manifest on the molecular and hydrostatic scales. 4. Work through the concept of the barometric law (hydrostatic balance: each layer of atmosphere must support the weight of the overlying column mass of atmosphere). 5. Look at the distribution of pressure with altitude in the atmosphere, or depth in the ocean. 6. Discuss how a barometer works ("dry demo"). 7. Introduce buoyancy.
15 sealed vacuum (vapor pressure) Diagram of a barometer: measures atmospheric pressure Densities (1 atm pressure, 300K) water: 1000 kg/m 3 air: 1.16 kg/m 3 Hg (mercury): 13,600 kg/m 3
16 Buoyancy Buoyancy is the tendency for less dense fluids to be forced upwards by more dense fluids under the influence of gravity. Buoyancy arises when the pressure forces on an object are not perfectly balanced. Buoyancy is extremely significant as a driving force for motions in the atmosphere and oceans, and hence we will examine the concept very carefully here. The mass density of air ρ is given by mn, where m is the mean mass of an air molecule ( kg molecule -1 for dry air), and n is the number density of air (n = molecules m -3 at T=0 o C, or K). Therefore the density of dry air at 0 C is ρ = 1.29 kg m -3. If we raise the temperature to 10 C ( K), the density is about 4% less, or 1.24 kg m -3. This seemingly small difference in density would cause air to move in the atmosphere, i.e. to cause winds.
17 P1x Buoyancy force: Forces on a solid body immersed in a tank of water. The solid is assumed less dense than water and to area A (m 2 ) on all sides. P1 is the fluid pressure at level 1, and P1x is the downward pressure exerted by the weight of overlying atmosphere, plus fluid between the top of the tank and level 2, plus the object. The buoyancy force is P1 P1x (up ) per unit area of the submerged block.
18 Lecture 3. Science A February Review pressure concepts: weight of overlying fluid ("hydrostatic"), force of molecules bouncing off of an object. 2. Discuss the concept of density ρ ; 3. Review the concept of kinetic energy of molecules in a gas. Look at some demos showing how pressure is manifest on the molecular and hydrostatic scales. 4. Work through the concept of the barometric law (hydrostatic balance: each layer of atmosphere must support the weight of the overlying column mass of atmosphere). 5. Look at the distribution of pressure with altitude in the atmosphere, or depth in the ocean. 6. Discuss how a barometer works ("dry demo"). 7. Introduce buoyancy.
air water Road map to EPS 5 Lectures5: Pressure, barometric law, buoyancy fluid moves
Road map to EPS 5 Lectures5: Pressure, barometric law, buoyancy water air fluid moves Fig. 7.6: Pressure in the atmosphere (compressible) and ocean (incompressible). Lecture 5. EPS 5: 08 February 2010
More informationIV. Intersection: what we know, would like to know, will never know, and what can we contribute to the debate. air water
IV. Intersection: what we know, would like to know, will never know, and what can we contribute to the debate. III. Atmospheric & Ocean Biogeochemistry: Second element of climate and environmental science
More informationChapter 3: Atmospheric pressure and temperature
Chapter 3: Atmospheric pressure and temperature 3.1 Distribution of pressure with altitude The barometric law Atmospheric pressure declines with altitude, a fact familiar to everyone who has flown in an
More informationChapter 13 Fluids. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 13 Fluids Phases of Matter Density and Specific Gravity Pressure in Fluids Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure Pascal s Principle Units of Chapter 13 Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the
More informationKNOWN: Mass, pressure, temperature, and specific volume of water vapor.
.0 The specific volume of 5 kg of water vapor at.5 MPa, 440 o C is 0.60 m /kg. Determine (a) the volume, in m, occupied by the water vapor, (b) the amount of water vapor present, in gram moles, and (c)
More informationScott Denning CSU CMMAP 1
Thermodynamics, Buoyancy, and Vertical Motion Temperature, Pressure, and Density Buoyancy and Static Stability Adiabatic Lapse Rates Dry and Moist Convective Motions Present Atmospheric Composition What
More informationHydrostatics. Physics 1425 Lecture 25. Michael Fowler, UVa
Hydrostatics Physics 1425 Lecture 25 Michael Fowler, UVa Basic Concepts Density Pressure: Pascal s Principle The Crown and the Bathtub Around 250 BC, the king of Syracuse commissioned a new crown,and gave
More informationChapter 10 Gases. Characteristics of Gases. Pressure. The Gas Laws. The Ideal-Gas Equation. Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation
Characteristics of Gases Chapter 10 Gases Pressure The Gas Laws The Ideal-Gas Equation Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation Gas mixtures and partial pressures Kinetic-Molecular Theory Real Gases: Deviations
More informationThe Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases based on the idea that particles are always in motion
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases based on the idea that particles are always in motion Five assumptions: 1. Most of the volume occupied dby a gas is empty space 2. Collisions between gas particles
More informationChapter 12. Properties of Gases
Properties of Gases Each state of matter has its own properties. Gases have unique properties because the distance between the particles of a gas is much greater than the distance between the particles
More informationKinetic-Molecular Theory
GASES Chapter Eleven Kinetic-Molecular Theory! Recall that our only previous description of gases stated that gases completely fill and take the shape of their containers.! The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
More informationPHYSICS - CLUTCH CH 17: FLUID MECHANICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com INTRO TO DENSITY LIQUIDS and GASES are types of. So we use the term to refer generally to both Liquids AND Gases. The DENSITY of a material is a measure of how tight the molecules
More informationFluids, Pressure and buoyancy
Fluids, Pressure and buoyancy Announcements: CAPA due Friday at 10pm. Comment on the hint in Problem 5. CAPA solutions from previous sets can be found by logging onto CAPA and selecting View Previous Set
More informationGas Laws. Introduction
Gas Laws Introduction In 1662 Robert Boyle found that, at constant temperature, the pressure of a gas and its volume are inversely proportional such that P x V = constant. This relationship is known as
More informationLecture 19 Fluids: density, pressure, Pascal s principle and Buoyancy.
Lecture 19 Water tower Fluids: density, pressure, Pascal s principle and Buoyancy. Hydraulic press Pascal s vases Barometer What is a fluid? Fluids are substances that flow. substances that take the shape
More informationGases. Edward Wen, PhD
Gases Edward Wen, PhD Properties of Gases expand to completely fill their container take the shape of their container low density much less than solid or liquid state compressible when pressure is changed.
More informationFluid Mechanics. Liquids and gases have the ability to flow They are called fluids There are a variety of LAWS that fluids obey
Fluid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Liquids and gases have the ability to flow They are called fluids There are a variety of LAWS that fluids obey Density Regardless of form (solid, liquid, gas) we can define
More informationChapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely
More informationL 13 Fluid Statics [2] More on fluids. How can a steel boat float. A ship can float in a cup of water! Today s weather
L 13 Fluid Statics [2] More on fluids. How can a steel boat float. A ship can float in a cup of water! Today s weather The deeper you go the higher the pressure P Top A hypothetical volume of water inside
More informationChapter 9 Fluids and Buoyant Force
Chapter 9 Fluids and Buoyant Force In Physics, liquids and gases are collectively called fluids. 3/0/018 8:56 AM 1 Fluids and Buoyant Force Formula for Mass Density density mass volume m V water 1000 kg
More informationVariation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid *
OpenStax-CNX module: m42192 1 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 Abstract Dene
More informationVacuum P=0. h=76 cm A B C. Barometer
Recap: Pressure Pressure = Force per unit area (P = F /A; units: Pascals) Density of object = mass / volume (ρ = m /V; units: kg / m 3 ) Pascal s Law:Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout
More informationPressure is defined as force per unit area. Any fluid can exert a force
Physics Notes Chapter 9 Fluid Mechanics Fluids Fluids are materials that flow, which include both liquids and gases. Liquids have a definite volume but gases do not. In our analysis of fluids it is necessary
More informationChapter 5. Nov 6 1:02 PM
Chapter 5 Nov 6 1:02 PM Expand to fill their containers Fluid motion (they flow) Have low densities (1/1000 the density of equivalent liquids or solids) Compressible Can Effuse and Diffuse Effuse: The
More informationChapter 13 Gases and Pressure. Pressure and Force. Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Force Area. Pressure =
Chapter 13 Gas Laws Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure Pressure and Force Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Pressure = Force Area Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure Gases in the Atmosphere The atmosphere
More informationDensity and Specific Gravity
Fluids Phases of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). The three common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A solid has a definite shape and size. A liquid has a
More informationACTIVITY 1: Buoyancy Problems. OBJECTIVE: Practice and Reinforce concepts related to Fluid Pressure, primarily Buoyancy
LESSON PLAN: SNAP, CRACKLE, POP: Submarine Buoyancy, Compression, and Rotational Equilibrium DEVELOPED BY: Bill Sanford, Nansemond Suffolk Academy 2012 NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION TEACHER FELLOWSHIP ACTIVITY
More informationLiquids and Gases. 2/26/2012 Physics 214 Fall
Liquids and Gases The unit of volume is the meter cubed, m 3, which is a very large volume. Very often we use cm 3 = cc. Other everyday units are gallons, quarts, pints As we know liquids and gases act
More informationHydrostatics Physics Lab XI
Hydrostatics Physics Lab XI Objective Students will discover the basic principles of buoyancy in a fluid. Students will also quantitatively demonstrate the variance of pressure with immersion depth in
More informationChapter 10: Gases. Characteristics of Gases
Chapter 10: Gases Learning Outcomes: Calculate pressure and convert between pressure units with an emphasis on torr and atmospheres. Calculate P, V, n, or T using the ideal-gas equation. Explain how the
More information4. Using the kinetic molecular theory, explain why a gas can be easily compressed, while a liquid and a solid cannot?
Name Period HW 1 Worksheet (Goals 1-4) - Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Describe how gases, liquids, and solids compare using the following table. Solids Liquids Gases Volume (definite or indefinite) Molecular
More informationCHAPTER 1 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES (PART A)
For updated version, please click on http://ocw.ump.edu.my BSK1133 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES (PART A) PREPARED BY: DR. YUEN MEI LIAN AND DR. SITI NOOR HIDAYAH MUSTAPHA Faculty
More informationFluids always move from high pressure to low pressure. Air molecules pulled by gravity = atmospheric pressure
9.1 Fluids Under Pressure Fluids always move from high pressure to low pressure w Fluids under pressure and compressed gases are used for a variety of everyday tasks Air molecules pulled by gravity = atmospheric
More informationHydrostatic pressure Consider a tank of fluid which contains a very thin plate of (neutrally buoyant) material with area A. This situation is shown in Figure below. If the plate is in equilibrium (it does
More informationPHYSICS 206a HOMEWORK #12 SOLUTIONS
PHYSICS 06a HOMEWORK #1 SOLUTIONS M =10 cm P=10 5 Pa 1. sample of gas has a pressure of 10 5 Pascals. (By the way: The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101,5 Pascals.) If this gas is held in a cylinder
More informationEarth and Planetary Sciences 5 Midterm Exam March 10, 2010
Earth and Planetary Sciences 5 Midterm Exam March 10, 2010 Name: Teaching Fellow: INSTRUCTIONS PUT YOUR NAME ON EACH PAGE. The exam will last 80 minutes. Complete the problems directly on the exam. Extra
More informationPhys101 Lectures Fluids I. Key points: Pressure and Pascal s Principle Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle. Ref: 10-1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
Phys101 Lectures 21-22 Fluids I Key points: Pressure and Pascal s Principle Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle Ref: 10-1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Page 1 10-1 Phases of Matter The three common phases of matter are solid,
More informationNotes Chapter 3. Buoyancy
Notes Chapter 3 Buoyancy Pressure in a Fluid 3.2 Pressure and the Buoyant Forces Liquids and gases are fluids materials that can flow and have no definite shape. Objects in a fluid experience a buoyant
More informationFluid Mechanics - Hydrostatics. AP Physics B
luid Mechanics - Hydrostatics AP Physics B States of Matter Before we begin to understand the nature of a luid we must understand the nature of all the states of matter: The 3 primary states of matter
More informationLecture Outline Chapter 15. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Outline Chapter 15 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 15 Fluids Density Units of Chapter 15 Pressure Static Equilibrium in Fluids: Pressure and Depth Archimedes Principle and Buoyancy
More informationChapter 15 Fluid. Density
Density Chapter 15 Fluid Pressure Static Equilibrium in Fluids: Pressure and Depth Archimedes Principle and Buoyancy Applications of Archimedes Principle By Dr. Weining man 1 Units of Chapter 15 Fluid
More informationLecture 29 (Walker: ) Fluids II April 13, 2009
Physics 111 Lecture 29 (Walker: 15.3-4) Fluids II April 13, 2009 Lecture 29 1/32 Pressure in Fluids Pressure is the same in every direction in a fluid at a given depth; if it were not, the fluid would
More informationPlease pick up your midterm if you haven t already. Today: Finish Chapter 13 (Liquids) from last time. Start Chapter 14 (Gases and Plasmas)
Please pick up your midterm if you haven t already Today: Finish Chapter 13 (Liquids) from last time Start Chapter 14 (Gases and Plasmas) Gases and plasmas: Preliminaries Will now apply concepts of fluid
More informationChapter 14-Gases. Dr. Walker
Chapter 14-Gases Dr. Walker State of Matter Gases are one of the four states of matter along with solids, liquids, and plasma Conversion to Gases From liquids Evaporation Example: Boiling water From solids
More informationAssumptions 1 At specified conditions, air behaves as an ideal gas. 2 The volume of the tire remains constant.
PTT 04/ Applied Fluid Mechanics Sem, Session015/016 ASSIGNMENT 1 CHAPTER AND CHAPTER 1. The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 0.0740 m is at 0 C and 140 kpa. Determine the amount of air that must
More informationPHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 14 Fluids Fluids at rest pressure vs. depth Pascal s principle Archimedes s principle Buoynat forces Fluids in motion: Continuity & Bernoulli equations 1. How deep
More informationName. Student I.D.. Section:. Use g = 10 m/s 2
Prince Sultan University Department of Mathematics & Physics SCI 101- General Sciences Second Exam Second Semester, Term 142 Wednesday 22/4/2015 Examination Time : 60 minutes Name. Student I.D.. Section:.
More informationName /74. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch 11 Gases STUDY GUIDE Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name /74 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements
More informationTo convert to millimeters of mercury, we derive a unit factor related to the equivalent relationship 29.9 in. Hg = 760 mm Hg.
Example Exercise 11.1 Gas Pressure Conversion Meteorologists state that a falling barometer indicates an approaching storm. Given a barometric pressure of 27.5 in. Hg, express the pressure in each of the
More informationPressure of the atmosphere varies with elevation and weather conditions. Barometer- device used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Chapter 12 Section 1 Pressure A gas exerts pressure on its surroundings. Blow up a balloon. The gas we are most familiar with is the atmosphere, a mixture of mostly elemental nitrogen and oxygen. Pressure
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, gases Expand to fill their containers. Are highly compressible.
More informationChapter 13. Gases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1
Chapter 13 Gases Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Section 13.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Copyright Cengage
More information1. All fluids are: A. gases B. liquids C. gases or liquids D. non-metallic E. transparent ans: C
Chapter 14: FLUIDS 1 All fluids are: A gases B liquids C gases or liquids D non-metallic E transparent 2 Gases may be distinguished from other forms of matter by their: A lack of color B small atomic weights
More informationProperties of Fluids SPH4C
Properties of Fluids SPH4C Fluids Liquids and gases are both fluids: a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids Liquids and gases are both fluids: a fluid is any substance
More informationChapter 9. Forces and Fluids
Chapter 9 Forces and Fluids Key Terms hydraulic systems incompressible mass neutral buoyancy pascal pneumatic systems pressure unbalanced forces weight Archimedes principle average density balanced forces
More informationToday: Finish Chapter 13 (Liquids) Start Chapter 14 (Gases and Plasmas)
Today: Finish Chapter 13 (Liquids) Start Chapter 14 (Gases and Plasmas) Gases and plasmas: Preliminaries Will now apply concepts of fluid pressure, buoyancy, flotation of Ch.13, to the atmosphere. Main
More informationChemistry 51 Chapter 7 PROPERTIES OF GASES. Gases are the least dense and most mobile of the three phases of matter.
ROERIES OF GASES Gases are the least dense and most mobile of the three phases of matter. articles of matter in the gas phase are spaced far apart from one another and move rapidly and collide with each
More informationGas Pressure. Pressure is the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them.
Chapter 5 Gases Gas Gases are composed of particles that are moving around very fast in their container(s). These particles moves in straight lines until they collides with either the container wall or
More informationCP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory
CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases The word kinetic refers to. Kinetic energy is the an object has because of its motion. Kinetic Molecular
More informationUnit 9 Packet: Gas Laws Introduction to Gas Laws Notes:
Name: Unit 9 Packet: Gas Laws Introduction to Gas Laws Notes: Block: In chemistry, the relationships between gas physical properties are described as gas laws. Some of these properties are pressure, volume,
More informationCHM Basics of Gases (r14) Charles Taylor 1/9
CHM 110 - Basics of Gases (r14)- 2014 Charles Taylor 1/9 Introduction The gas phase is noticeably different from the other two phases of matter. Here are some of the more obvious differences. Gases are
More informationNotes: Gas Laws (text Ch. 11)
Name Per. Notes: Gas Laws (text Ch. 11) NOTE: This set of class notes is not complete. We will be filling in information in class. If you are absent, it is your responsibility to get missing information
More informationSection 5.1 Pressure. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Chapter 5 Gases Section 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 Section 5.1 Pressure
More informationChapter 12. The Gaseous State of Matter
Chapter 12 The Gaseous State of Matter The air in a hot air balloon expands When it is heated. Some of the air escapes from the top of the balloon, lowering the air density inside the balloon, making the
More informationγ water = 62.4 lb/ft 3 = 9800 N/m 3
CEE 42 Aut 200, Exam #1 Work alone. Answer all questions. Always make your thought process clear; if it is not, you will not receive partial credit for incomplete or partially incorrect answers. Some data
More informationChapter 3 PRESSURE AND FLUID STATICS
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Edition Yunus A. Cengel, John M. Cimbala McGraw-Hill, 2010 Chapter 3 PRESSURE AND FLUID STATICS Lecture slides by Hasan Hacışevki Copyright The McGraw-Hill
More informationIn the liquid phase, molecules can flow freely from position to position by sliding over one another. A liquid takes the shape of its container.
In the liquid phase, molecules can flow freely from position to position by sliding over one another. A liquid takes the shape of its container. In the liquid phase, molecules can flow freely from position
More informationPhysics General Physics. Lecture 19 - Fluids. Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones
Physics 22000 General Physics Lecture 19 - Fluids Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones 1 2 What s New This Time? Previously, we had ignored the effect of gravity on the gas particles that were described
More informationIn the liquid phase, molecules can flow freely from position. another. A liquid takes the shape of its container. 19.
In the liquid phase, molecules can flow freely from position to position by sliding over one another. A liquid takes the shape of its container. In the liquid phase, molecules can flow freely from position
More informationGrade 8 Science: Unit 2-Fluids Chapter 9: Force, Pressure Area
Grade 8 Science: Unit 2-Fluids Chapter 9: Force, Pressure Area Key Terms: hydraulic systems, incompressible, mass, neutral buoyancy, pascal, pneumatic systems, pressure, unbalanced forces, weight, Archimedes
More informationPhysics 221, March 1. Key Concepts: Density and pressure Buoyancy Pumps and siphons Surface tension
Physics 221, March 1 Key Concepts: Density and pressure Buoyancy Pumps and siphons Surface tension Fluids: Liquids Incompressible Gases Compressible Definitions Particle density: Density: Pressure: ρ particle
More informationChapter 13 Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Solids
Chapter 13 Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Solids Property is meaning any measurable characteristic of a substance, such as pressure, volume, or temperature, or a characteristic that can be calculated or deduced,
More informationPHY131H1S - Class 23. Today: Fluids Pressure Pascal s Law Gauge Pressure Buoyancy, Archimedes Principle. A little pre-class reading quiz
PHY131H1S - Class 23 Today: Fluids Pressure Pascal s Law Gauge Pressure Buoyancy, Archimedes Principle Archimedes (287-212 BC) was asked to check the amount of silver alloy in the king s crown. The answer
More informationPRESSURE AND BUOYANCY
PRESSURE AND BUOYANCY CONCEPT SUMMARY So far The pressure applied to a confined liquid is transmitted to every point in the liquid (Pascal's Principle). At any given point in a liquid the pressure is the
More information. In an elevator accelerating upward (A) both the elevator accelerating upward (B) the first is equations are valid
IIT JEE Achiever 2014 Ist Year Physics-2: Worksheet-1 Date: 2014-06-26 Hydrostatics 1. A liquid can easily change its shape but a solid cannot because (A) the density of a liquid is smaller than that of
More informationDensity. Chapters 12-14: Phases of Matter. Example: Density. Conceptual Check. Springs 2/27/12. Mass Density vs. Weight Density
Chapters 12-14: Phases of Matter Density Sequence of increasing molecule motion (and kinetic energy) Solid Liquid Gas The densities of most liquids and solids vary slightly with changes in temperature
More informationChem 110 General Principles of Chemistry
CHEM110 Worksheet - Gases Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry Chapter 9 Gases (pages 337-373) In this chapter we - first contrast gases with liquids and solids and then discuss gas pressure. - review
More informationChapter 10 Fluids. Which has a greater density? Ch 10: Problem 5. Ch 10: Problem Phases of Matter Density and Specific Gravity
Chapter 10 Fluids 10-1 Phases of Matter The three common phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A solid has a definite shape and size. A liquid has a fixed volume but can be any shape. A gas can
More informationLecture Handout 5: Gases (Online Text Chapter 6)
Lecture Handout 5: Gases (Online Text Chapter 6) I. The Structure of a Gas A. Gases are composed of particles that are flying around very fast in their container(s). 1. The particles travel in straight
More information8. Now plot on the following grid the values of T (K) and V from the table above, and connect the points.
Charles s Law According to Charles s law, the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with its Kelvin temperature if its pressure is constant. The following table contains Celsius temperature and
More informationChapter 9 Fluids CHAPTER CONTENTS
Flowing fluids, such as the water flowing in the photograph at Coors Falls in Colorado, can make interesting patterns In this chapter, we will investigate the basic physics behind such flow Photo credit:
More informationChapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior
Chapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior 國防醫學院生化學科王明芳老師 2011-11-15 & 2011-11-22 Chapter 9/1 Gases and Gas Pressure Gas mixtures are homogeneous and compressible. Air-the mixture of gases. Molecular
More information2. Calculate the ratio of diffusion rates for carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). υa = MB = 44 = 1.25
Gas laws worksheet (2-08) (modified 3/17) Answer key Graham s Law 1. Calculate the ratio of effusion rates for nitrogen (N2) and neon (Ne). υa = MB = 20 = 0.845 υb MA 28 2. Calculate the ratio of diffusion
More informationGases and Pressure. Main Ideas
Gases and Pressure Key Terms pressure millimeters of mercury partial pressure newton atmosphere of pressure Dalton s law of partial pressures barometer pascal In the chapter States of Matter, you read
More informationNOTES: Behavior of Gases
NOTES: Behavior of Gases Properties of Gases Gases have weight Gases take up space Gases exert pressure Gases fill their containers Gases are mostly empty space The molecules in a gas are separate, very
More informationCP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory
CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases The word kinetic refers to. Kinetic energy is the an object has because of its motion. Kinetic Molecular
More informationQuantitative Properties of Gases. 1. Amount (mass or moles) 2. Volume 3. Pressure 4. Temperature
Chapter 2 Gases Quantitative Properties of Gases 1. Amount (mass or moles) 2. Volume 3. Pressure 4. Temperature Kinetic Molecular Theory: (Video) Smallest particles (atoms, ions or molecules) of a substance
More informationChapter 3: Fluid Statics. 3-1 Pressure 3-2 Fluid Statics 3-3 Buoyancy and Stability 3-4 Rigid-Body Motion
3-1 Pressure 3-2 Fluid Statics 3-3 Buoyancy and Stability 3-4 Rigid-Body Motion Chapter 3 Fluid Statics 3-1 Pressure (1) Pressure is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. Units of
More informationUnit 7. Pressure in fluids
-- Unit 7. Pressure in fluids Index 1.- Pressure...2 2.- Fluids...2 3.- Pressure in fluids...3 4.- Pascal's principle...5 5.- Archimedes principle...6 6.- Atmospheric pressure...7 6.1.- Torricelli and
More informationAssistant Lecturer Anees Kadhum AL Saadi
Pressure Variation with Depth Pressure in a static fluid does not change in the horizontal direction as the horizontal forces balance each other out. However, pressure in a static fluid does change with
More informationGilbert Kirss Foster. Chapter 10. Properties of Gases The Air We Breathe
Gilbert Kirss Foster Chapter 10 Properties of Gases The Air We Breathe Chapter Outline 10.1 The Properties of Gases 10.2 Effusion and the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 10.3 Atmospheric Pressure 10.4
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 11 REVIEW Gases SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Pressure =. For a constant force, when the surface area is tripled the pressure is (a) doubled. (b)
More informationFluid Mechanics - Hydrostatics. Sections 11 5 and 6
Fluid Mechanics - Hydrostatics Sections 11 5 and 6 A closed system If you take a liquid and place it in a system that is CLOSED like plumbing for example or a car s brake line, the PRESSURE is the same
More informationCHAPTER 11: THE GASEOUS STATE
CHAPTER 11: THE GASEOUS STATE DO Problems: 1-2, 3b, 4a, 5a, 6b, 7, 8a, 9-14, 17-20, 23-26, 29-42 11.1 Properties of Gases 1. Gases have indefinite shape take the shape of its container 2. Gases can expand
More informationTHE GAS STATE. Unit 4. CHAPTER KEY TERMS HOME WORK 9.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Solid, Liquid, gas.
Unit 4 THE GAS STATE CHAPTER KEY TERMS HOME WORK 9. Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Solid, Liquid, gas Page 4 # to 4 9. Boyles Law P α /V PV = Constant P V = P V Pressure Atmospheric Pressure
More informationChapter 6 10/14/13. Gas Law. Volume change with temperature and pressure.
Chapter 6 10/14/13 Gas Law 1. Properties of a Gas a. Neither definite shape nor volume i. Uniformly fills any container i Exerts pressure on surroundings Volume change with temperature and pressure. b.
More informationChapter 10. Physical Characteristics of Gases
Chapter 10 Physical Characteristics of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory An understanding of the behavior of atoms that make up matter Ideal gas: an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all assumptions of the
More informationCHAPTER 9 Fluids. Units
CHAPTER 9 Fluids Units Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity Bernoulli s Equation Applications of Bernoulli s Principle Viscosity Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille s Equation, Blood Flow Surface
More informationmass of container full of air = g mass of container with extra air = g volume of air released = cm 3
1992 Q32 The air pressure inside the passenger cabin of an airliner is 9 x 10 4 Pa when the airliner is at its cruising height. The pressure of the outside atmosphere at this height is 4 x 10 4 Pa. Calculate
More informationName Chemistry Pre-AP
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Gas Laws and Gas Stoichiometry Period Part 1: The Nature of Gases and The Gas Laws I. Nature of Gases A. Kinetic-Molecular Theory The - theory was developed to account for
More information