Draft BS EN Stationary source emissions - Determination of the water vapour in ducts - Standard reference method

Transcription

1 Draft for Public Coent PRIATE CIRCULATION EH//1_14_0146 For coent - Action Due Date: 015/0/3 For 36 DPC: 14 / DC BSI Group Headquarters 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL Date: 8 October 014 Origin: European Tel: Fax: Latest date for receipt of coents: 3 February 015 Project No. 013/0391 Responsible coittee: EH//1 Stationary source eission Interested coittees: EH/ Title: Draft BS EN Stationary source eissions - Deterination of the water vapour in ducts - Standard reference ethod Please notify the secretary if you are aware of any keywords that ight assist in classifying or identifying the standard or if the content of this standard i has any issues related to 3rd party IPR, patent or copyright ii affects other national standards iii requires additional national guidance or inforation WARNING: THIS IS A DRAFT AND MUST NOT BE REGARDED OR USED AS A BRITISH STANDARD. THIS DRAFT IS NOT CURRENT BEYOND 3 February 015 This draft is issued to allow coents fro interested parties; all coents will be given consideration prior to publication. No acknowledgeent will norally be sent. See overleaf for inforation on the subission of coents. No copying is allowed, in any for, without prior written perission fro BSI except as peritted under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 or for circulation within a noinating organization for briefing purposes. Electronic circulation is liited to disseination by e-ail within such an organization by coittee ebers. Further copies of this draft ay be purchased fro BSI Shop or fro BSI Custoer Services, Tel: or eail cservices@bsigroup.co. British, International and foreign standards are also available fro BSI Custoer Services. Inforation on the co-operating organizations represented on the coittees referenced above ay be obtained fro Responsible Coittee Secretary: Mr To Digby-Rogers BSI Direct tel: E-ail: to.digby-rogers@bsigroup.co

2 Introduction This draft standard is based on European discussions in which the UK has taken an active part. Your coents on this draft are welcoe and will assist in the preparation of the consequent British Standard. Coent is particularly welcoe on national, legislative or siilar deviations that ay be necessary. Even if this draft standard is not approved by the UK, if it receives the necessary support in Europe, the UK will be obliged to publish the official English Language text unchanged as a British Standard and to withdraw any conflicting standard. UK ote Please indicate whether you consider the UK should subit a negative with reasons or positive vote on this draft. Subission of Coents - The guidance given below is intended to ensure that all coents receive efficient and appropriate attention by the responsible BSI coittee. Annotated drafts are not acceptable and will be rejected. - All coents ust be subitted, preferably electronically, to the Responsible Coittee Secretary at the address given on the front cover. Coents should be copatible with version 6.0 or version 97 of Microsoft Word for Windows, if possible; otherwise coents in ASCII text forat are acceptable. Any coents not subitted electronically should still adhere to these forat requireents. - All coents subitted should be presented as given in the exaple below. Further inforation on subitting coents and how to obtain a blank electronic version of a coent for are available fro the BSI website at: Teplate for coents and secretariat observations Date: xx/xx/0xx Docuent: ISO/DIS xxxx MB Clause No./ Subclause Paragraph/ Type of coent Coend justification for change by the Proposed change by the MB No./Annex Figure/ MB ONLY EXAMPLE e.g. 3.1 Table/Note 3.1 Definition 1 ed Definition is abiguous and needs clarifying. Aend to read '...so that the ains connector 6.4 Paragraph te The use of the U photoeter as an alternative cannot be supported as serious probles have been encountered in its use in the UK. to which no connection...' Delete reference to U photoeter. Secretariat observations on each coent subitted Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered tradearks, and Windows is a tradeark of Microsoft Corporation.

3 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM DRAFT pren October 014 ICS Will supersede EN 14790:005 English ersion Stationary source eissions - Deterination of the water vapour in ducts - Standard reference ethod Eissions de sources fixes - Déterination de la vapeur d'eau dans les conduits - Méthode de référence noralisée Eissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestiung von Wasserdapf in Kanälen - Standardreferenzverfahren This draft European Standard is subitted to CEN ebers for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Coittee CEN/TC 64. If this draft becoes a European Standard, CEN ebers are bound to coply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions English, French, Geran. A version in any other language ade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN eber into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manageent Centre has the sae status as the official versions. CEN ebers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgiu, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denark, Estonia, Finland, Forer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Gerany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxebourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdo. Recipients of this draft are invited to subit, with their coents, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting docuentation. Warning : This docuent is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and coents. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Manageent Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any for and by any eans reserved worldwide for CEN national Mebers. Ref. No. pren 14790:014 E

4 pren 14790:014 E Contents Foreword Scope...4 Norative references Ters and definitions Measuring principle Description of easuring equipent Perforance characteristics of the SRM Equivalence of an alternative ethod Measureent procedure Water vapour deterination Report Annex A inforative Evaluation of the ethod in the field Annex B norative Deterination of water vapour concentration for water saturated gas, at P std 101,35 kpa... 1 Annex C inforative Type of sapling equipents... 3 Annex D inforative Exaple of assessent of copliance of standard reference ethod for water vapour with requireents on eission easureents... 4 Annex E inforative Significant technical changes Bibliography Page

5 pren 14790:014 E Foreword This docuent pren 14790:014 has been prepared by Technical Coittee CEN/TC 64 Air quality, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This docuent is currently subitted to the CEN Enquiry. This docuent will supersede EN 14790:005. Annex E provides details of significant technical changes between this docuent and the previous edition. 3

6 pren 14790:014 E 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the standard reference ethod SRM based on a sapling syste with a condensation/adsorption technique to deterine the water vapour concentration in the flue gases eitted to atosphere fro ducts and stacks. This European Standard specifies the perforance characteristics to be deterined and perforance criteria to be fulfilled by easuring systes based on the easureent ethod. It applies to periodic onitoring and to the calibration or control of autoated easuring systes AMS peranently installed on a stack, for regulatory or other purposes. This European Standard specifies criteria for deonstration of equivalence of an alternative ethod to the SRM by application of pren This European Standard is applicable in the range of water vapour content fro 4 % to 40 % as volue concentrations and of water vapour ass concentration fro 9 g/ 3 to 50 g/ 3 as a wet gas, although for a given teperature the upper liit of the ethod is related to the axiu pressure of water in air or in the gas. In this European Standard all the concentrations are expressed at standard conditions 73 K and 101,3 kpa. NOTE 1 For saturated conditions the condensation/adsorption ethod is not applicable. Soe guidance is given in this European Standard to deal with flue gas when droplets are present. This European Standard has been evaluated during field tests on waste incineration, co-incineration and large cobustion plants. It has been validated for sapling periods of 30 in in the volue concentration range of 7 % to 6 %. NOTE The characteristics of installations, the conditions during field tests and the values of repeatability and reproducibility in the field are given in Annex A. Norative references The following docuents, in whole or in part, are noratively referenced in this docuent and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docuent including any aendents applies. EN 1911, Stationary source eissions Deterination of ass concentration of gaseous chlorides expressed as HCl Standard reference ethod pren 14791, Stationary source eissions Deterination of ass concentration of sulphur oxides Standard reference ethod pren 14793:014, Stationary source eission Deonstration of equivalence of an alternative ethod with a reference ethod EN 1559:007, Air quality Measureent of stationary source eissions Requireents for easureent sections and sites and for the easureent objective, plan and report ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:008, Uncertainty of easureent Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in easureent GUM: Ters and definitions For the purposes of this docuent, the following ters and definitions apply. 3.1 absorber device in which water vapour is absorbed 4

7 pren 14790:014 E 3. dew point teperature below which the condensation of water vapour begins at the given pressure condition of the flue gas 3.3 droplets sall liquid particles of condensed water vapour or water liquid in the flue gas e.g. coing fro a scrubber Note 1 to entry: In adiabatic equilibriu conditions, droplets could arise only if a gas strea is saturated with water. 3.4 easurand particular quantity subject to easureent [SOURCE: JCGM 00:01] 3.5 easureent series several successive easureents carried out on the sae easureent plane and at the sae process operating conditions 3.6 easureent plane plane noral to the centre line of the duct at the sapling position Note 1 to entry: Measureent plane is also known as sapling plane. [SOURCE: EN 1559] 3.7 easureent point position in the easureent plane at which the saple strea is extracted or the easureent data are obtained directly Note 1 to entry: Measureent point is also known as sapling point. [SOURCE: EN 1559] 3.8 easureent site place on the waste gas duct in the area of the easureent planes consisting of structures and technical equipent, for exaple working platfors, easureent ports, energy supply Note 1 to entry: Measureent site is also known as sapling site. [SOURCE: EN 1559] 3.9 reference ethod RM easureent ethod taken as a reference by convention, which gives the accepted reference value of the easurand Note 1 to entry: Note to entry: Note 3 to entry: A reference ethod is fully described. A reference ethod can be a anual or an autoated ethod. Alternative ethods can be used if equivalence to the reference ethod has been deonstrated. [SOURCE: EN 1559:007] 5

8 pren 14790:014 E 3.10 standard reference ethod SRM reference ethod prescribed by European or national legislation [SOURCE: EN 1559:007] 3.11 repeatability in the laboratory closeness of the agreeent between the results of successive easureents of the sae easurand carried out under the sae conditions of easureent Note 1 to entry: Repeatability conditions include: sae easureent procedure; sae laboratory; sae sapling equipent, used under the sae conditions; sae location; repetition over a short period of tie. Note to entry: Repeatability ay be expressed quantitatively in ters of the dispersion characteristics of the results. Note 3 to entry: In this European Standard the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. [SOURCE: JCGM 00:01] 3.1 repeatability in the field closeness of the agreeent between the results of siultaneous easureents of the sae easurand carried out with two equipents under the sae conditions of easureent Note 1 to entry: These conditions include: sae easureent procedure; two equipents, the perforances of which are fulfilling the requireents of the reference ethod, used under the sae conditions; sae location; ipleented by the sae laboratory; typically calculated on short periods of tie in order to avoid the effect of changes of influence paraeters e.g. 30 in. Note to entry: Repeatability can be expressed quantitatively in ters of the dispersion characteristics of the results. Note 3 to entry: In this European Standard the repeatability under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. 6

9 pren 14790:014 E 3.13 reproducibility in the field closeness of the agreeent between the results of siultaneous easureents of the sae easurand carried out with several equipents under the sae conditions of easureent Note 1 to entry: These conditions include: sae easureent procedure; several equipents, the perforances of which are fulfilling the requireents of the reference ethod, used under the sae conditions; sae location; ipleented by several laboratories. Note to entry: Reproducibility can be expressed quantitatively in ters of the dispersion characteristics of the results. Note 3 to entry: In this European Standard the reproducibility under field conditions is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 % uncertainty paraeter associated with the result of a easureent, that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the easurand 3.15 standard uncertainty u uncertainty of the result of a easureent expressed as a standard deviation 3.16 cobined uncertainty u c standard uncertainty attached to the easureent result calculated by cobination of several standard uncertainties according to the principles laid down in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 GUM 3.17 expanded uncertainty U quantity defining a level of confidence about the result of a easureent that ay be expected to encopass a specific fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to a easurand U k u Note 1 to entry: In this European Standard, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k, and with a level of confidence of 95 %. Note to entry: The expression overall uncertainty is soeties used to express the expanded uncertainty uncertainty budget calculation table cobining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO or ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 in order to calculate the cobined uncertainty of the ethod at a specified value 3.19 vapour pressure pressure of water in vapour for 7

10 pren 14790:014 E 4 Measuring principle 4.1 General This European Standard describes the standard reference ethod SRM for deterining the water-vapour content eitted to atosphere fro ducts and stacks. The specific coponents and the requireents for the easuring syste are described. A nuber of perforance characteristics, together with associated perforance criteria are specified for the easureent ethod see Table 1 in 6. The expanded uncertainty of the ethod shall eet the specifications given in this European Standard. The ethod described hereafter is appropriate when the flue gas is free of droplets. Within the scope of this European Standard, it is assued that gas streas in stacks or ducts are ore or less in adiabatic therodynaic equilibriu. In those conditions, droplets can arise only if a gas strea is saturated with water. When no droplets are present in the gas strea, the gas strea is then assued to be unsaturated with water. A gas saple is extracted at a constant rate fro the stack. The water vapour of that saple is subsequently trapped by adsorption or by condensation plus adsorption; the ass of the vapour is then deterined by weighing the ass gain of the trapping syste. When droplets are present in the gas strea, the ipleentation of the ethod described in this European Standard leads to an overestiation of the water vapour content. If the easured value is equal to or higher than the expected value shown in the table in Annex B for saturated conditions at the teperature and pressure of the flue gas, that eans that the presence of droplets can lead to biased results; such results shall be rejected. In such cases, the evidence suggests that the gas strea is saturated with water vapour. Under these conditions, the ethod is abridged to a deterination of the gas teperature. Then, the water vapour concentration is calculated fro the theoretical ass of water vapour per unit of standard gas volue at liquid-gas equilibriu, given the actual teperature, pressure and coposition of the gas strea. 4. Adsorption or condensation/adsorption ethod A easured quantity of sapled gas is extracted fro the gas strea through a trapping syste, which eets the specifications of efficiency see The ass gain of the trapping syste is easured in order to deterine the ass or the voluic water vapour content, on the basis of the volue sapled. 4.3 Teperature ethod This ethod applies when gases are water saturated. A teperature probe is placed in the gas strea saturated with water vapour, until it reaches equilibriu. The aount of water vapour present in the gas is subsequently derived fro the teperature, using a water liquidgas equilibriu chart or table see Annex B. 5 Description of easuring equipent 5.1 General A known volue of flue gas is extracted representatively fro a duct or chiney during a certain period of tie at a controlled flow rate. A filter reoves the dust in the sapled volue; thereafter the gas strea is passed through a trapping syste. It is iportant that all parts of the sapling equipent upstrea of the trapping syste are heated and that the coponents shall not react with or absorb water vapour e.g. stainless steel, borosilicate glass, quartz glass, PTFE or titaniu are suitable aterials. 8

11 pren 14790:014 E An exaple of suitable sapling trains is shown in Annex C. The user can choose between a trapping syste ade up with either: adsorption syste Figure B.1; or condensation and an adsorption syste Figure B.. The choice shall be ade to fulfil the efficiency that is required in Sapling probe In order to reach the easureent points of the easureent plane, probes of different lengths and inner diaeters ay be used. The design and configuration of the probe used shall ensure the residence tie of the saple gas within the probe is iniised in order to reduce the response tie of the easuring syste. NOTE 1 The probe can be arked before sapling in order to deonstrate that the easureent points in the easureent plane have been reached. The sapling probe shall be surrounded by a heating jacket capable of producing a controlled teperature of at least 10 C and 0 C higher than the acid dew point of gases and shall be protected and positioned using an outer tube. NOTE It is possible to perfor the sapling of SO and water vapour siultaneously with the sae probe without nozzle providing no droplets are present. NOTE 3 It is possible to perfor the sapling of HCl and water vapour siultaneously with the sae probe without nozzle providing no droplets are present. 5.3 Filter housing The filter housing shall be ade of aterials inert to water vapour and shall have the possibility to be connected with the probe thereby avoiding leaks. The filter housing ay be located either: in the duct or chiney, ounted directly behind the entry nozzle in-stack filtration; or outside the duct or chiney, ounted directly behind the suction tube out-stack filtration. The filter holder shall be connected to the probe without any cold path between the two. NOTE In special cases where the saple gas teperature is greater than 00 C, the heating jacket around the sapling probe, filter holder and connector fine ay be oitted. However the teperature in the sapled gas just after the filter housing should not fall below the acid dew point teperature. 5.4 Particle filter Particle filters and filter housings of different designs ay be used, but the residence tie of the saple gas should be iniised. 5.5 Trapping syste The trapping syste shall be ade up with: adsorption syste; or condensation and an adsorption syste. 9

12 pren 14790:014 E a When using the adsorption syste alone, it shall consist of at least one cartridge, ipinger or absorber, filled with a suitable drying agent, for exaple: coloured silica gel. b Condensation and adsorption syste shall consist of two stages: 1 the first one shall be a condensation stage with an optional cooling syste; the second one shall be an adsorption stage as described in a. The teperature at the outlet of the condensation syste shall be as low as possible. The efficiency of the sapling syste shall be checked according to the procedure described in NOTE The trapping efficiency can be increased by increasing the residence tie of sapled gases in the trapping syste and/or by iproving the efficiency of the cooling syste. The sapled volue should be sufficient to reach an appropriate accuracy of the easureent see 5.8 and 6. Condensation of water shall be avoided in all parts of the sapling syste that are not weighed. 5.6 Cooling syste optional Any kind of cooling syste ay be used to condense water vapour in the sapled flue gas e.g. crushed ice or cryogenic syste. 5.7 Sapling pup A leak-free pup capable of drawing saple gas at a set flow-rate is required. NOTE 1 A rotaeter optional could ake easier the adjustent of the noinal sapling flow-rate. NOTE A sall surge tank can be used between the pup and rotaeter to eliinate the pulsation effect of the diaphrag pup on the rotaeter. NOTE 3 A regulating valve optional would also be useful for adjusting the saple gas flow-rate. 5.8 Gas volue eter Two variants of gas volue eter ay be used: dry-gas volue eter; or wet-gas volue eter. a Gas volue eter wet or dry shall have a relative uncertainty not exceeding,0 % of the easured volue actual conditions. The gas volue eter shall be equipped with a teperature easuring device with an uncertainty of calibration less than,5 K and shall be associated to an absolute pressure easureent with an uncertainty of calibration less than 1,0 %. b When using a dry gas volue eter, a condenser and/or a gas drying syste shall be used which can achieve a residual water vapour content of less than 10,0 g/ 3 equivalent to a dew point of 10,5 C or a volue content χh O 1,5 %. NOTE For exaple, a glass cartridge or adsorption bottle packed with silica gel 1 to 3 particle size which has been previously dried at least at 110 C for at least h. When using a wet gas volue eter, a correction shall be applied for water vapour, using the table in Annex B. 10

13 pren 14790:014 E 5.9 Baroeter Baroeter capable of easuring atospheric pressure present at the easureent site, with an expanded uncertainty that does not exceed 1 kpa Balance The resolution of the balance shall be equal or better than 0,1 g or,0 % of the water weight to be easured Teperature easureent Calibrated theroeter for flue gas teperature deterination with a easuring range fro 73 K to 373 K, with an uncertainty of,5 K or better. That theroeter shall have a low theral inertia, in order to be rapidly in theral equilibriu with the stack gas. 6 Perforance characteristics of the SRM Table 1 gives an overview of the iniu perforance characteristics of the whole ethod. The laboratory ipleenting the ethod shall deonstrate that: perforance characteristics of the ethod given in Table 1 are better than the perforance criteria; and expanded uncertainty calculated by cobining values of selected perforance characteristics by eans of an uncertainty budget is less than 0,0 % at the daily eission liit value EL or at the lower liit value fixed to the plant by the local authorities. Table 1 Miniu perforance characteristics of the SRM to be deterined in laboratory tests LT and field tests FT and associated perforance criteria Perforance characteristic LT FT Perforance criterion olue gas eter: saple volue a teperature a absolute pressure a X a X a X a uncertainty,0 % of the volue of sapled gas b uncertainty,5 K b uncertainty 1,0 % of the absolute pressure b Leak in the sapling line X,0 % of the noinal flow rate Weighing of collected water: uncertainty associated to the balance c X X repeatability in the field of weighing d X a b c d The uncertainty of sapling volue gas is a cobination of uncertainties due to calibration, resolution, reading and drift. The uncertainty related to the teperature and absolute pressure of the gas eter is a cobination of the uncertainties due to calibration, resolution, reading, drift and repeatability. When a baroeter is used see 5.9. Perforance criteria correspond to the uncertainty of calibration. The uncertainty contributions of the balance can be for exaple: linearity of balance, resolution, reading and calibration tare. See When weighing is carried out in the field, variations of abient conditions can be an uncertainty source, for exaple teperature variations, air currents and vibrations. 11

14 pren 14790:014 E The principle of calculation of the expanded uncertainty is based on the law on propagation of uncertainty laid down in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 GUM: deterine the standard uncertainties attached to the perforance characteristics to be included in the calculation of the uncertainty budget by eans of laboratory or field tests, and according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3; calculate the uncertainty budget by cobining all the standard uncertainties according to ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, and taking the variations range of the influence quantities of the specific site conditions into account; all the coponents of standard uncertainties that are less than 5 % relative of the axiu standard uncertainty can be neglected; calculate the expanded uncertainty at the easured value. An exaple of the evaluation of the expanded uncertainty is given in Annex D. 7 Equivalence of an alternative ethod In order to show that an alternative ethod is equivalent to the standard reference ethod specified in this European Standard, follow the procedures described in pren The axiu allowable standard deviation of repeatability expressed as a percentage value for this standard reference ethod is: where s C 0,06C 0,30 % 1 r,liit C is the volue concentration in %. The standard deviation of reproducibility expressed as a percentage value for this standard reference ethod is: where s C 0,03C 0,367 % R C is the volue concentration in %. 8 Measureent procedure 8.1 General requireents The saple and the easureent point shall be representative of the eission of the process. The following points should be considered when sapling: nature of the plant process e.g. steady state or discontinuous. If possible the sapling and easuring prograe should be carried out under steady operating conditions at the plant; expected concentration to be easured and any required averaging period, both of which can influence the easuring and sapling tie. The iniu sapling period is 30 in and the iniu saple gas volue is 50 l. When the expected ass concentration of water vapour is low, the sapling period or the sapling volue ay be extended. 1

15 pren 14790:014 E 8. Preparation and installation of equipent 8..1 Measureent site and easureent plane The easureent site is chosen to ensure that the gas concentrations easured are representative of the average conditions in the gas duct. In addition, the easureent site shall be chosen with regard to safety of the personnel, accessibility and availability of electrical power. The location is chosen in accordance with 6..1 of EN Measureent points It is necessary to ensure that the gas concentrations easured are representative of the average conditions inside the waste gas duct. Measureents ay be perfored at one representative easureent-point or at any easureent point, if the corresponding requireents on the distribution of the oxygen volueconcentration specified in 8.3 of EN 1559 are fulfilled. In all other cases the easureents shall be perfored as grid easureents. If the hoogeneity is proven, then a single easureent point situated in the iddle of the duct shall be selected. For larger ducts, this point can be situated closer to the sapling port but not too close to avoid any disturbance of the flow or concentration due to influences fro the sapling port Assebling the equipent When using a condensation syste with ipingers or absorbers, these shall be filled with water, the volue of which is less than half the content of the absorber. The water can be replaced by the appropriate absorption solution used in pren 14791, EN 1911 or in any other European Standards using water in the preparation of the absorption solution, when the operator wants to collect water vapour with the sae sapling train as for SO, HCl or any other coponent. When using an adsorption syste, fill the last ipinger or absorber or cartridge with a drying agent. NOTE This European Standard has only been validated with silica gel even if this coonly used drying agent can absorb carbon dioxide; this error has been accepted. Asseble the trapping syste, including junctions. Weigh and record the eleents of the trapping syste including junctions, with a resolution equal or better than 0,1 g or,0 % of the water weight to be easured. Then asseble the whole sapling train. If applicable, turn on the probe heater and the filter heating syste to a controlled teperature of at least 10 C and 0 C higher than the acid dew point of gases, to prevent water condensation in front of the condenser. Allow tie for the teperatures to stabilise. 8.3 Leak test Perfor a leak test on the sapling train. Check the sapling line for leakage according to the following procedure or any other relevant procedure: asseble the coplete sapler syste, including charging the filter housing and absorbers; seal the nozzle inlet; switch on the pups; after reaching iniu pressure read the flow rate; leak flow rate shall be easured e.g. by a rotaeter and shall not exceed % of the expected saple gas flow rate. Perfor the leak test at the operating teperature unless this conflicts with safety requireents. 13

16 pren 14790:014 E Integrity of the sapling syste can also be tested during sapling by continuously easuring the concentration of a suitable stack gas coponent e.g. O directly in the stack and downstrea the sapling line. Any systeatic difference between those concentrations indicates a leak in the syste. 8.4 Perforing of the sapling Introduction of the probe in the duct Iediately after the leak test, insert the sapling probe through the sapling port and place the probe at the chosen representative easureent point within the easureent plane. Seal the resultant space around the sapling probe and the access hole with an appropriate sealing aterial such that abient air is not induced into the duct nor should any flue gas escape fro the duct. In cases where large pressure differences exist between the abient air and saple gas, care shall be taken that no condensate leaves the absorber. Control the jacket and filter holder teperatures Sapling Start the sapling pup and adjust the regulating valve to give the desired saple gas-volue flow rate. The selected saple gas flow-rate shall be kept within ±10 % of the noinal flow rate see note. However, when non-hoogeneity is suspected, it shall be deonstrated if the flue gas is hoogeneous or not. Sapling in non-hoogeneous flue gases shall follow the requireents of relevant Standards or Technical Specifications proposed by CEN/TC 64. Record the reading on the gas eter 1 and the tie. Record the reading on the gas eter teperature device T j and the absolute pressure P on the gas eter at least 5 in after starting sapling and at the end of the sapling period. NOTE For a sapling train as shown in Figure C.1, with a gas eter placed downstrea pup, absolute pressure on the gas eter is close to atospheric pressure. During the whole sapling run, check that the trapping capability of the trapping syste is not exceeded. This can be achieved: either by easuring the teperature at the outlet of trapping syste. This teperature shall not be greater than 4 C; or by checking visually the aount of silica gel having faded in the last ipinger or cartridge. This aount shall not exceed 50 %. At the end of the sapling period, switch off the sapling pup, record the tie and the reading on the gas eter. Disasseble the sapling train adsorption syste. When using a cooling bath, the outside of the trapping syste is thoroughly wiped e.g. with a dry cloth before weighing. Next, deterine the increase in weight of the whole trapping syste. Record the weighing results. 8.5 Repeatability of the weighing To deterine the repeatability of the weighing in the field in order to take into account the influence of environental conditions: carry out 10 independent weightings of the trapping syste; calculate the ean value and the standard deviation. 14

17 pren 14790:014 E 8.6 Procedure for gas streas saturated with water droplets present When droplets are present, the ethod produces values for water vapour which are larger than those would be expected for saturated conditions at the teperature of flue gas. Under such conditions the result is consequently biased; therefore water vapour concentration can be deterined by using the table of Annex B. This table shows the water vapour concentration for saturated gases for the corresponding average teperature of the flue gas in the easureent plane. In order to easure the teperature, the probe is inserted at a representative point in the stack. Care shall be taken to wait for the stabilisation of the recorded teperature. 9 Water vapour deterination Calculate the ean value teperature T at the gas eter: T where T T... T / n K 3 1 n n is the nuber of the teperature T j readings got during the test. Calculate the dry gas volue sapled fro the gas eter, at standard conditions, in cubic eter std : where T if a dry-gas volue eter is used std P std 1 4 T Pstd T P Psat if a wet-gas volue eter is used std T std 1 5 T Pstd std is the dry gas volue easured, corrected to standard conditions, in 3 ; - 1 is the sapled gas volue, at actual conditions of teperature, pressure and huidity, in 3 ; T is the ean teperature of the sapled gas at the gas-eter, in K; Tstd is the standard teperature, 73 K; P is the absolute pressure at the gas eter, in kpa; PsatT is the saturation vapour pressure of water at the teperature of the gas eter, in kpa; P std is the standard pressure, 101,3 kpa. The water vapour content in gras per cubic eter in standardised conditions of teperature and pressure and on dry basis is: in g/ 3 6 g/ 3 std 15

18 pren 14790:014 E where is the water vapour content on dry basis, in g/ 3 g/ 3 ; std is the dry gas volue easured, corrected to standard conditions, in 3 ; is the ass of water vapour trapped in the trapping syste, in g. The water vapour content in % volue concentration on wet basis is: where M w % olstd std M w olstd w,% is the water vapour content on wet basis, in % volue concentration 3 of water vapour in 3 of wet gas; std is the dry gas volue easured, corrected to standard conditions, in 3 ; is the ass of water vapour collected in the trapping syste, in g; M w is the olecular weight of water, 18,01534 g/ol rounded to 18 g/ol; olstd is the olar volue at standard conditions, in 3 /ol at P std and T std. 10 Report The test report shall fulfil the requireents of EN 1559 and shall include the following inforation: a inforation about the personnel involved in the easureent; b description of the location of the easureent points in the easureent plane; c characteristics of the sapling equipent; d for each test: date, tie, duration and identification of saples; e test results: sapling volue, concentrations; f trapping efficiency. 16

19 pren 14790:014 E Annex A inforative Evaluation of the ethod in the field A.1 General The ethod has been evaluated during six field tests, on waste incineration installations, co-incineration installations and large cobustion plants. Each test was perfored by at least four different European easuring teas originating fro ten countries. A. Characteristics of installations 1 st field test: INERIS bench-loop at erneuil en Halatte France; the bench-loop siulates cobustion or waste incineration exhaust gases. Five teas took part in the 1 st field test. Double easureents were not perfored siultaneously but sequentially. Five different flue gas atrices were generated. Within each atrix, two sequential easureents were perfored. Two additional sequential easureents were perfored in flue gas atrices where the flue gas concentrations varied. There were a total of twelve easureents perfored by all the teas. nd field test: waste incinerator in Denark. Four teas took part to the field test and perfored double easureents siultaneously. A total of sixteen easureents were perfored by all the teas. 3 rd field test: waste incinerator in Italy. Four teas took part to the field test. Two pairs of two teas perfored double easureents siultaneously and the four teas perfored single easureents siultaneously. A total of six double easureents were perfored by each pair of two teas while a total of twelve single easureents were perfored by all teas. 4 th field test: co-incinerator cobined heat and power installation in Sweden. The fluidised bed boilers operate on fuel ixes of wood chips, deolition waste, peat and coal. Two pairs of two teas perfored double easureents siultaneously and the four teas perfored single easureents siultaneously. A total of six double easureents were perfored by each pair of two teas while a total of twelve single easureents were perfored by all the teas. 5 th field test: co-incinerator ceent plant in Gerany. The fuel could be coal, heavy oil and secondary fuel e.g. paper, plastics, textiles, and tires. Four teas took part to the field test and perfored double easureents siultaneously. A total of sixteen double easureents were perfored by all the teas. 6 th field test: coal fired power plant in Gerany. Four teas perfored their double easureents siultaneously. The total aount of double easureents perfored by all teas is 1. An overview of the flue gas characteristics is given in Table A.1. 17

20 pren 14790:014 E Table A.1 Exaple of flue gas characteristics during field tests Field test Installation Fuel Flue gas characteristics T C O % NOx g/ 3 SO g/ 3 CO g/ 3 H O % PM g/ 3 1 Power plant a Natural gas < to 13 3 Waste incinerator Waste incinerator 4 Co-incinerator 5 Co-incinerator Municipal waste Municipal waste Wood, waste, peat, coal Coal, oil, waste 90 to to to to to to to to to to 1 <1 5 to 50 5 to to 19 1 to 5 5 to 50 0 to 8 to 1 1 to 5 70 to 80 4 to 6 4 to 70 0 to to to 1 0 to to to to to to 6 5 to 10 6 Power plant Coal 130 to 140 8,9 to 9, 110 to to to 6 5,5 to 8 < 50 a Bench-loop: flue gas siulation. A.3 Repeatability and reproducibility in the field A.3.1 General Repeatability standard deviation s r obtained during inter-laboratory tests. and reproducibility standard deviation s R are deterined fro data Repeatability standard deviation s r, and repeatability in the field r are calculated according to ISO 575- and ISO 575-6, fro the results of the double easureents ipleented by the sae laboratory. where r. t0,95; n 1 s r s r t 0,95;n-1 r is the repeatability standard deviation; is the student factor for a level of confidence of 95% and a degree of freedo of n-1 n: nuber of double easureents ; is the repeatability in the field. Reproducibility standard deviation s R, the estiate of the expanded uncertainty U and reproducibility in the field R are calculated according to ISO 575-, fro the results of parallel easureents perfored siultaneously by several laboratories. np 1 U t 0,95; s R and. t0,95; np 1 R s R 18

21 pren 14790:014 E where U is the estiate of the expanded uncertainty; s R is the reproducibility standard deviation; t 0,95;np 1 is the student factor for a level of confidence of 95 % and a degree of freedo of np 1 with n the nuber of easureents and p the nuber of laboratories; R is the reproducibility in the field. A.3. Repeatability Table A. Repeatability in the field Field test olue concentration Nuber of teas Nuber of double easureents Repeatability standard deviation Repeatability s r r Range % Average % % absolute % relative % 1A 8,9 to 10,9 9,7 5 0,43 1,4 14 1B 7,3 to 9,1 8,4 5 0,36 1,1 13 1C 10,7 to 13,1 11,8 5 0,55 1,8 15 1D 13,1 to 16,0 14,4 5 0,69, 15 1E,0 to 5,1,7 5 1,17 3,7 16 1F 15,4 to 0,3 17, ,88 3,5 0 1G 15,0 to 0,3 17, 5 1 0,86 3,4 0 13,9 to 18, ,81, , to 11,7 10, ,57 1, ,5 to 11,6 9, ,56 1, , to 5,7, ,56 1, ,5 to 7,8 6, ,16 0,5 8 The following functions were deterined: s r C 0,018 C 0,47 % s r liit C 0,06 C 0,30 % rc 0,071 C 0,7 % 19

22 pren 14790:014 E A.3.3 Reproducibility Table A.3 Reproducibility in the field Field test olue concentration Nuber of teas Nuber of double easureents Reproducibility standard deviation s R Estiate of expanded uncertainty of a single easureent Reproducibility R s R U R Range % Average % % absolute % relative % absolute % relative % 1A 8,9 to 10,9 9,7 5 0,83 1,9 19,6,7 7 1B 7,3 to 9,1 8,4 5 0,55 1, 14,3 1,8 1 1C 1D 1E 1F 1G 10,7 to - 13,1 13,1 to 16,0,0 to 5,1 15,4 to 0,3 15,0 to 0,3 13,9 to 18, 11,8 5 0,77 1,7 14,4,5 1 14,4 5 1,00,4 16, 7 3,4 3,7 5 1,70 3,8 16,8 5,4 4 17,7 5 1,00 5,4 30,5 7, , 5 1,10 5,8 33,8 8, ,99,1 1,4 3, , to 11,7 10, ,67 1,5 14,4, ,5 to 11,6 10, ,7 1,6 15,8,3 5 1, to 5,7, ,96,1 9,3 3, ,5 to 7,8 6, ,48 1,1 18,3 1,5 5 The following functions were deterined, where C is the volue concentration: S R C 0,03 C 0,367 % UC 0,066 C 0,9 % RC 0,093 C 1,7 % 0

23 pren 14790:014 E Annex B norative Deterination of water vapour concentration for water saturated gas, at P std 101,35 kpa Saturation teperature Saturated vapour pressure C hpa g/kg wet Table B.1 Saturated water vapour concentration g/ 3 wet at T and p std g/ 3 dry at T and p std % absolute; wet g/ 3 wet g/ 3 dry , 87,9 100, 1,88 103,6 118, ,69 91,40 105,7 13,53 108,8 15, ,38 95,68 111,5 14,1 114,3 133, ,9 100,1 117,7 14,91 119,9 140, ,4 104,7 14, 15,65 15,8 149, ,8 109,5 131,0 16,41 13,0 157, ,5 114,5 138,3 17,1 138,4 167, ,4 119,7 140,0 18,04 145,1 177, ,6 15,0 154, 18,91 15,1 187, , 130,6 16,8 19,81 159,3 198, ,0 136,3 17,0 0,74 166,8 10, ,1 14,3 181,8 1,71 174,6 3, ,6 148,5 19,,73 18,8 36, ,5 154,9 03, 3,78 191, 50, ,7 161,5 15,0 4,87 00,0 66, ,4 168,4 7,6 6,00 09,1 8, ,4 175,5 41,0 7,18 18,6 300, ,9 18,9 55,4 8,40 8,4 319, ,9 190,5 70,9 9,67 38,6 339, ,3 198,4 87,4 30,99 45, 361, ,3 06,5 305, 3,35 64, 384, ,8 14,9 34,5 33,77 71,6 410, ,8 3,6 345, 35,3 83,4 437, ,5 3,6 367,7 36,75 95,6 467, ,8 41,8 39,1 38,33 308, 499, ,8 51,4 418,7 39,96 31,4 535, ,4 61,3 447,7 41,65 334,9 574, ,9 71,4 479,5 43,39 349,0 616, ,1 81,9 514,5 45,0 363,5 663,4 1

24 pren 14790:014 E Saturation teperature Saturated vapour pressure C hpa g/kg wet Table B.1 continued Saturated water vapour concentration g/ 3 wet at T and p std g/ 3 dry at T and p std % absolute; wet g/ 3 wet g/ 3 dry , 9,8 553, 47,07 378,6 715, ,1 303,9 596,0 49,01 394,1 77, ,0 315,5 643,9 51,01 410, 837, ,0 37,3 697,5 53,07 46,8 909, ,0 339,5 758,0 55,1 444,4 991, ,1 35,1 86,8 57,41 461, ,5 365,1 905,7 69,69 480, ,1 378,4 996,9 6,04 499, , 35, ,47 518, ,8 406, ,97 538, ,0 40, ,56 559, ,9 435, , 580, ,7 450, ,97 60, ,5 466, ,80 65, ,4 48, ,71 649, ,7 495, ,71 673, ,6 516, ,81 698, ,3 534, ,99 73, ,9 551, ,6 750, ,9 570, ,63 777,

25 pren 14790:014 E Annex C inforative Type of sapling equipents Key 1 Heated probe Heated filter in-stack or out-stack 3 Ipingers or absorbers 4 Cooling bath optional 5 Adsorption cartridge 6 Pup 7 Gas flow eter 8 Gas volue eter 9 Teperature and pressure easureent NOTE If the pressure drop in the gas eter is lower than 100 Pa, the absolute pressure is equal to the atospheric pressure. Figure C.1 Trapping syste with two stages: condensation and adsorption Key 1 Heated probe Heated filter in-stack or out-stack 3 Adsorption cartridge 4 Pup 5 Gas flow eter 6 Teperature and pressure easureent 7 Gas volue eter Figure C. Trapping syste with one adsorption stage 3

26 pren 14790:014 E Annex D inforative Exaple of assessent of copliance of standard reference ethod for water vapour with requireents on eission easureents D.1 General This inforative annex gives an exaple of the calculation of the uncertainty budget established for configuration 1 to deonstrate copliance with given uncertainty requireents. The following procedure for calculating the easureent uncertainty is based on the law of propagation of uncertainty as described in EN ISO or ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 GUM. The individual standard uncertainties, the cobined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty are deterined according to the requireents of EN ISO or ISO/IEC Guide D. Eleents required for the uncertainty deterinations D..1 Model equation In the first step, the odel equation is established. The odel equation describes the atheatical relationship between the easurand and all the paraeters that influence the result of easureent. These paraeters are called input quantities. It is necessary to clearly define the easurand and the input quantities. The odel function is used to calculate the result of easureent on the basis of the values assigned to the input quantities and to obtain the cobined standard uncertainty of the result of easureent u c by application of the law of propagation of uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty U c corresponds to the expanded cobined uncertainty, obtained by ultiplying by a coverage factor k: U c k uc. The value of the coverage factor k is chosen on the basis of the level of confidence required. In ost cases, k is taken equal to, for a level of confidence of approxiately 95 %. D.. Specific conditions in the field Table D.1 gives one exaple of the specific conditions of the site, that is to say the values and the variation range of the influence paraeters. 4

27 pren 14790:014 E Table D.1 Exaple of easureent conditions Specific conditions Concentration alue/range 17,9 % volue concentration on wet basis Water collected in the trapping syste a : weight of water collected in the condensation syste 17, g weight of water trapped in adsorption syste,0 g olue of gas sapled in 30 in 0,10 3 Noinal flow rate Q Mean teperature in Kelvin at the gas eter b Mean absolute pressure at the gas eter c 40 l/h 96 K Pa a b A calibrated balance is used to deterine water vapour collected in the condensation syste and in the adsorption syste. The procedure consists in weighing the trapping syste before and after sapling. Repeatability of the weighing in the field has been estiated by 10 independent weighing of a trapping syste: the standard deviation is equal to 0,78 g. The ean teperature is calculated fro data recording of teperature easureents 1 easureent per 30 s 60 easureents in 30 in: The standard deviation of easureents is equal to 3,1 K. Drift: no drift between calibrations. c The ean absolute pressure is calculated fro 5 easureents of the static relative pressure at the gas eter and 1 easureent of the atospheric pressure during the sapling period. Table D. gives one exaple of the easureent values of relative pressure. Table D. Measureent values of relative pressure Measureent Mean Standard deviation of easured values Pa Relative pressure at gas eter P rel in Pa 70,5 68,0 65,0 69,0 70,5 68,6,7 Baroetric pressure: Pa Mean absolute pressure: Pa D..3 Perforance characteristics of the ethod Table D.3 shows the perforance characteristics of the ethod related to the paraeters which can have an influence on the response of the analyser. 5

28 pren 14790:014 E Perforance characteristics for the standard reference ethod Weighing of water vapour collected: adjustent with tare reading standard deviation of repeatability of the weighing in the field Gas volue eter: Expanded uncertainty Standard deviation of repeatability Drift between adjustents Table D.3 Exaple of perforance characteristics Perforance criteria,0 % of the easured value Results laboratory or field tests 100 g ± 0,01 g 0,0 g 0,5 g ± % of the easured value 0,3 % of the easured value % of the easured value Reading 0,00 3 Teperature at the gas eter: Expanded uncertainty,5 K ± 0,5 K standard deviation of repeatability resolution Absolute pressure at the gas eter: Expanded uncertainty anoeter at the gas eter atospheric pressure Relative pressure at gas volue eter: 1,0 % of the easured value 0,0 K 0,01 K ±1,5 Pa for anoeter ±170 Pa for baroeter standard deviation of repeatability resolution Atospheric pressure: drift between two adjustents reading Leakage in the sapling line,0 % of the noinal flow rate 0,3 Pa 0,5 Pa 60 Pa 10 Pa 1,5 % of the noinal flow rate D..4 Model equation and application of the rule of the uncertainty propagation D..4.1 Concentration of water vapour The concentration of water vapour easured is calculated by Forula D.1 and Forula D.: 6