Mechanics and Techniques for Minimum Radius Carved Turns

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1 Mechanics and Techniques for Minimum Radius Carved Turns Ron LeMaster USSA Coaches Symposium Copper Mt., Nov. 7, 2015 Ron LeMaster,

2 The surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently. Friedrich Nietzsche Ron LeMaster,

3 Ski technique is driven by technology Some things we think are new, aren t Some things don t change ü ü Human physiology and physical mechanics The outside ski is the best one to make you turn Ron LeMaster,

4 Some things actually change ü ü Carving in, and sometimes above, the fall line Using the inside ski to make better use of the outside ski Ron LeMaster,

5 How To Carve Tight Turns What determines carving radius How to make it as small as possible ü Things you can do with the inside ski to make the outside ski work better ü This not how all turns should be made Ron LeMaster,

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19 Ron LeMaster,

20 Which Line is Faster? Why? How? Ron LeMaster,

21 Which Line is Faster? Why? ü The traverse is longer and steeper ü Enabled by a tighter turn How? ü Smaller turn radius Ron LeMaster,

22 What Determines Turn Radius? Ron LeMaster,

23 What Determines Turn Radius? Reverse camber Edge angle Ron LeMaster,

24 What Determines Edge Angle? Ron LeMaster,

25 What Determines Edge Angle? Inclination Angulation Ron LeMaster,

26 Ron LeMaster,

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30 Ron LeMaster,

31 On a 35 m GS ski * ü ü 65 edge angle 15 m radius turn 70 edge angle 12 m radius turn On a 13 m SL ski ü ü 65 edge angle 5.5 m radius turn 70 edge angle 4.5 m radius turn Approx. 25% smaller turn radius * Using Howe s approximation Ron LeMaster,

32 Ron LeMaster,

33 Establishing Early Edge Angle Use the inside ski as an in- rigger ü Provides support while the outside ski goes out to a higher edge angle ü Does not make the skier turn Ron LeMaster,

34 Ron LeMaster,

35 Characteristics Inside ski steers into the turn Downhill leg flexes Outside leg extends Pressure moves forward on both skis Tips usually diverge a bit Ron LeMaster,

36 Characteristics Most likely to be used in ü Widely set gates ü Big direction changes ü Swing gates The outside ski is made to steer itself into the fall line The outside ski is not thrust out sideways into a skid Ron LeMaster,

37 This should only be attempted by skiers who have solid outside ski skills!!!! Ron LeMaster,

38 Ron LeMaster,

39 What About Early Pressure? Aren t we trying to get as much pressure on the ski as early as possible? What sort of pressure do we need? Ron LeMaster,

40 What Sort of Pressure? Pressure to make the ski penetrate the snow Pressure to make the ski bend Pressure to make us turn ü Pressure coming from the side Ron LeMaster,

41 What is Turning? The bending of the center of mass path is what matters The outside ski engages the snow to extract force that makes this happen Ron LeMaster,

42 Ron LeMaster,

43 Where Does Turning Start? Ron LeMaster,

44 Steering and Carving The real turning happens in and after the fall line Ron LeMaster,

45 Pressure We need pressure on the outside ski to ü Penetrate the snow so the ski holds ü Bend the ski into reverse camber Any pressure beyond that is ü Unnecessary ü Possibly counter- productive Ron LeMaster,

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49 What an In-rigger Gives You Higher edge angle with the outside ski A good way to drift An inside ski stivot Radius adjustment Ron LeMaster,

50 Ron LeMaster,

51 Summary The outside ski makes the turn ü There must be enough pressure on it to penetrate the snow, hold, and bend The tightest turn radius requires the highest outside ski edge angle Outside ski edge angle is greater when some weight is on the inside ski Ron LeMaster,

52 Exercises Reuel christies White Pass turns Tuck turns Inside ski stivots Uphill leg extension Slow speed in- riggers Ron LeMaster,

53 Upcoming Publication Ron LeMaster,

54 William Nealy Ron LeMaster,

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