29 National Estuarine Research Reserves

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1 Estuarine habitat is where it's at! Living Shorelines for Erosion Control Whitney Jenkins North Carolina Coastal Reserve & National Estuarine Research Reserve Division of Coastal Management

2 29 National Estuarine Research Reserves

3 North Carolina Coastal Reserve North Carolina North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve

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5 Mission To promote informed management and stewardship of North Carolina s estuarine and coastal habitats through research, education, and example. Research Education & Training Compatible Traditional Use Stewardship

6 What is the Coastal Training Program? The Reserve s mission: Research Stewardship Education Coastal Training Program promoting informed coastal decisions through sciencebased training for professionals

7 Living Shorelines: Benefits & Limitations Adapted from Dr. Carolyn Currin & Dr. Rachel Gittman

8 North Carolina Coastal Habitats

9 Coastal Habitat Benefits Habitat Shoreline Stabilization Tourism, Recreation, Aesthetics Sediment, Nutrient, & Carbon Storage

10 North Carolina Coastal Habitats

11 Shoreline Erosion Sediment bank Causes: Natural wave energy Storm events Disruption in sediment supply Changes in shoreline topography Removal of vegetation Boat wakes Forest Salt marsh

12 Bulkhead Shoreline Hardening Groin/Jetty Seawall Riprap Revetment Breakwater Photo credit: CC News & Times Photo credit: VIMS

13 Hardened Shorelines Tidal Marsh Shallow Refuge SAV Reflected Waves Bulkhead Scour Changes occur BELOW the MHW line: Sediment transport & particle-size change Vegetation loss Animal abundance reduced Ability to remove nitrogen is reduced Fig. courtesy T. Jordan all of which are negative impacts to our public trust resources.

14 What s the alternative? Living shorelines A living shoreline incorporates vegetation or other soft elements alone or in combination with some type of harder shoreline structure (e.g. oyster reefs or rock sills) for added stability. Living shorelines maintain continuity of the natural land-water continuum and reduce erosion while providing habitat value and enhancing coastal resilience. (NOAA 2015)

15 What about hurricanes? Hurricane Irene 2011 NOAA 2011

16 Bulkhead vs. Living Shorelines

17 Before Hurricane Irene Matthew (2011) (2016) [Photo credit: Rachel Gittman]

18 Habitat Comparison

19 Fish Habitat Living shorelines provide better habitat for fishes and crustaceans than bulkheads Sills may function similar to oyster reefs in terms of providing habitat for fish Marsh planting is important

20 Marshes Dampen Wave Energy

21 Marshes Trap Sediments & Increase Surface Elevation

22 Living Shoreline Examples Pivers Island, Beaufort

23 NOAA Beaufort Lab Loose Oyster Shell Living Shoreline 2000

24 NOAA Beaufort Lab 2000

25 NOAA Beaufort Lab

26 June 2003 NOAA Beaufort Lab

27 July 2006 & August 2007 NOAA Beaufort Lab

28 NOAA Beaufort Lab

29 May 2014 NOAA Beaufort Lab

30 September 2014 NOAA Beaufort Lab

31 NOAA Beaufort Lab

32 Duke Marine Laboratory Stone Sill May 2002

33 Duke Marine Laboratory May 2002

34 Duke Marine Laboratory June 2002

35 Duke Marine Laboratory June 2003

36 Duke Marine Laboratory July 2007

37 Duke Marine Laboratory

38 Living Shoreline Education & Outreach

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40 Living Shoreline Trainings

41 12 workshops ops since reaching over 550 coastal decision on-makers

42 Continuing Education Credits

43 Partnerships

44 Design a Living Shoreline

45 Why Realtors?

46 Realtors Workshops Low Impact Development for Water Quality Protection Living on a Barrier Island Promoting Living Shorelines for Erosion Control

47 Realtor Quote I was very surprised to learn that oyster shells and marsh sills are better than bulkheads. It was great to learn about the difference uses of saltmarsh grass. The class is very useful to me and my clients. I was thinking of putting a bulkhead on my property, but am looking into using oyster shells instead.

48 Realtor Quote As a realtor, I am constantly dealing with properties on marsh and water... so this workshop will help me serve my clients better, help them make informed decisions, and provide them with possible options.

49 2015 Workshop Recordings

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51 Marine Contractor Outreach

52 Marine Contractor Outreach

53 Additional Outreach

54 Signage

55 Web Resources

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57 Social Media

58 Social Media Rachel Carson Reserve Masonboro Island Reserve North Carolina Coastal

59 Seeds to Shoreline

60 Seeds to Shoreline

61 Seeds to Shoreline

62 Seeds to Shoreline

63 Questions? Thank you!