Sample. Physical Sciences Physics Grade 11 Textbook and Workbook
|
|
- Derick Holt
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physical Sciences Physics Grade 11 Textbook and Workbook Ronel Bernardo Hendry du Plessis Santie du Plessis Carlien Fanoy Elize Jones Patricia Lees-Rolfe Judy McDougall Karen Reynecke Marina Schmidt Lida Smith
2 Doc Scientia Posbus 7011 Ansfrere For any queries and feedback: Jacques Fanoy or Stephan Fanoy Office: Fax: ISBN: First edition December 2009 Revised edition December 2010; 2011 Second edition December 2012 Revised edition December 2013; 2014; 2015 Graphic design: Helene Jonck All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means mechanical or electronic, including recordings or tape recordings and photocopying without the prior permission of the publisher.
3 Dear Grade 11 learner A year full of challenges lies ahead of you. You will be taught to ask questions and obtain solutions in creative ways. The framework for your Grade 12 year will finally be laid down. Keep your Grade 10 books at hand to refresh your memory if needed. For Physical Sciences you need the following skills: Common sense There is a lot of logic in science because it deals with everyday events like cars that crash, rugby balls being kicked and many more. Calculator skills Be sure to know how your calculator works. Know you formula sheet. Know what each symbol represents and in which unit each quantity is measured. Reading skills You will receive a lot of information in written form. Learn to read with insight and to highlight the facts that you need with a highlighter, or by drawing a circle around them. Draw pictures. There is nothing like a picture to help you think logically. Practise, practise, practise. It is still the best way to learn anything. This means that you should always do your homework yourself. Work through old exam papers; it is valuable experience. In the workbook there are explanations, examples, summaries, mind-maps and exercises which will help you to overcome any obstacle in Physical Sciences. Also visit our website for more tips and the latest information. We hope that this year will lay a solid foundation. May you find this year an exciting one. Scientia Doc
4 How to use this workbook: The book is divided into knowledge areas. Each knowledge area is divided into units. After each unit there is an exercise, summary and mind maps. After each knowledge area there is a question paper. The format of a question paper is similar to end-of-year exams. The following can be found throughout the book: Activity Any activity that is done with pen and paper. Practical activity A simple investigation or experiment to understand the theory better. Experiment Examples Interesting facts Quick facts Summary Notes Case study Project Definitions and formulae Use your smartphone to activate the QR codes. Remember Enrichment Question paper The method of the experiment is given step by step, and you should follow it to get results. Experiments confirm the theory. OR It is expected of you to plan and carry out the experiment to obtain results.
5 INDEX Unit Page KNOWLEDGE AREA MECHANICS 11 Unit 1 VECTORS IN TWO DIMENSIONS Scalars and vectors Graphical representation of vectors Division of a vector into components 12 Exercise What is a force? Non-contact forces Contact forces Forces and free force diagrams 22 Exercise Friction force Which factors influence the magnitude (size) of the frictional force? Coefficient of friction How to reduce friction Static friction ( f S ) Kinetic friction (f K ) Application 36 Experiment 1 36 Experiment 2 38 Experiment 3 39 Exercise Forces in equilibrium Resultant or net force Determining the resultant vector The head to tail and tail to tail method 44 Experiment Calculation 48 Exercise 4 51 Summary of Unit 1 56 Mind maps of Unit 1 59 Unit 2 NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION Newton s first law of motion Inertia Safety belts 63 Practical activity 1 63 Exercise Newton s second law of motion 67 Experiment 5 78 Experiment 6 82 Exercise Newton s third law of motion 91 Experiment 7 92 Exercise 7 94 Summary of Unit 2 96 Mind maps of Unit 2 98
6 Unit 3 NEWTON S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Law of universal gravitation Mass and weight Weightlessness Relationship between g and G 105 Experiment Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Question paper 115 KNOWLEDGE AREA WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT 129 Unit 1 GEOMETRIC OPTICS Reflection 129 Exercise Speed of light Refraction 133 Experiment Refractive index Normal, angle of incidence and angle of refraction 138 Experiment Exercise Snell s law 147 Experiment Exercise Critical angle 155 Experiment Total internal reflection 157 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 2 2D AND 3D WAVEFRONTS Interference Refraction Diffraction of waves Huygens principle Diffraction of water waves 170 Experiment 13 (demonstration) 171 Exercise Diffraction of light waves 176 Experiment Experiment Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Question paper 189 KNOWLEDGE AREA ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 201 Unit 1 ELECTROSTATICS Forces between charges Magnitude of charges 203
7 1.1.2 Distance between charges Graphs Coulomb s law 205 Exercise Net force 214 Exercise Electric fields Electric field lines The electric field strength (E) 223 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 2 ELECTROMAGNETISM Magnetic effect of an electric current 235 Practical demonstration Magnetic fields Overhead cables: the impact on people and the environment Electromagnetic induction 241 Practical demonstration Direction of induced current Magnetic field strength Magnetic flux Faraday s law 247 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Unit 3 ELECTRIC CIRCUITS Current Potential difference Resistance 261 Experiment Experiment Exercise Energy transformation in a circuit Power 271 Practical demonstration Exercise Cost calculations Saving electricity 282 Exercise Summary of Unit Mind maps of Unit Question paper 290 Information sheets 303 Work cited 305
8 UNIT 2 2D and 3D wavefronts KNOWLEDGE AREA: WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT 2D AND 3D WAVEFRONTS Properties of waves Interference Refraction Diffraction of waves Huygens principle Diffraction of water waves Diffraction of light waves Before we continue looking at the behaviour of waves, we need to revise the basic properties of waves. Basic knowledge of waves: A pulse/vibration is a single disturbance in a medium. Amplitude: maximum displacement from a position of rest. Wavelength (λ) is the distance between two consecutive points in phase. Frequency (f) is the number of complete waves that pass a given point per second. Period (T) is the time taken for one complete wave to pass a point. Two points are in phase if they both simultaneously conduct the same motion and are equal in distance on the side of the position of rest. A transverse wave: disturbance of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the wave, e.g. water waves. Longitudinal wave: disturbance of the medium is parallel to the movement of the wave, e.g. sound waves. A standing wave: the incident and reflected waves are in phase. - Points where there is no disturbance are known as nodes. - Points where there is a maximum disturbance are known as antinodes. Water waves will be used to study waves, since they are large and easily seen. Many of the properties of water waves can be applied to both sound and light waves. A ripple tank is the best apparatus to show the behaviour of water waves. When a single disturbance (pulse) is made in a ripple tank, a whole row of water particles move at the same time, which causes a pulse that moves away from the source. A number of regular repetitive disturbances will create a number of pulses with the same pulse length that will move away from the source. This is a wave. The projection of light through the ripple tank gives a pattern like that in the picture below: The light stripes are the crests. The dark bands are the troughs of the wave. Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
9 Properties of waves 2.1 Interference When a number of coherent sources close together produce waves of the same frequency, their waves will cross over each other and influence each other (interference). Interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superimpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lower amplitude. Interference occurs due to superposition of waves. When two crests or two troughs meet, constructive interference occurs. When a crest and a trough meet, destructive interference occurs. There are two types of interference: Constructive Two pulses that are in phase approach each other from opposite directions. Pulses meet: amplitude is the vector sum of the amplitudes of the two individual pulses. After interference, the pulses continue in their original directions. a + b Quick facts Coherent sources are sources that are in phase with each other. Destructive A crest and a trough (out of phase) approach each other from opposite directions. Pulses meet: amplitude is the vector sum of the amplitudes of the two individual pulses. If both pulses have the same amplitude, they will cancel each other out at the point of meeting. a a b -b a + (-b) After interfering, the two pulses will continue with their original speed and amplitude. 168 PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade 11 Doc Scientia
10 2.2 Refraction When a wave moves from one optical medium to another, refraction will take place. This can be shown in the ripple tank by placing an object at an angle in the water or by changing the depth of the water. 2.3 Diffraction of waves Huygens principle Interesting facts Christiaan Huygens was a Dutch mathematician and scientist. In 1678 he proposed a way of explaining the behaviour of waves. Huygens principle explains the manner in which waves bend when it moves around an obstruction. His principle reads as follows: All points on a wavefront act like a point source. Each one of these point sources (secondary sources) produces small circular waves moving forwards with the same speed as the wave. The new wavefront is obtained by drawing a tangent to all the new little wavefronts. secondary wavefront original wavefront source The new wavefront is obtained by drawing a tangent to all the new little waves. original wavefront each of these points is a source (secondary source) of a circular little wave new wavefront constructive interference (crest with crest) secondary source new (secondary) wavefront destructive interference (crest with trough) Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
11 These circular waves undergo interference with each other. Where they interfere constructively, a new wavefront is formed. A wavefront is an imaginary line joining all the points in a wave that are in phase. wavefront The wavefront consists of multiple overlapping circular crests. Each point on the original wavefront causes a small circular wave. Where two crests or two troughs overlap, constructive interference takes place. Where a crest and a trough overlap, destructive interference takes place. The sum of all the little waves is the new wavefront. At very far distances where the wave originated, the wavefronts appear almost as a line Diffraction of water waves Huygens principle can be explained very easily with a point source, like a stone falling into water. The stone causes a circular wave, which moves away from the point of impact. On this wavefront there are millions of points. Each point on the wavefront produces small circular waves, which move forward. Only a few circular waves are shown. If a new tangent is drawn to each circle, a new wavefront is Crests overlap: constructive obtained. interference occurs. 170 PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade 11 Doc Scientia
12 Diffraction explained according to Huygens principle When an obstruction is placed in the path of a wave, the waves bend around the obstruction. Waves will also bend around the sides of an opening in an obstruction. wavefronts This phenomenon is known as diffraction. Diffraction: The ability of a wave to spread out in wavefronts as they pass through a small opening or around a sharp edge. Experiment 13 (demonstration) Aim: crest trough To investigate the diffraction of waves. Apparatus: Ripple tank Two barriers Ruler to produce waves. destruction Method: 1. Set up the ripple tank. 2. Place barriers of different sizes in the path of the waves. 3. Generate a wave with the ruler. 4. Observe what happens when a wave hits a barrier. 5. Make a small opening between two barriers. 6. Observe what happens when the wave goes through the opening. 7. Change the size of the gap and observe how this changes the diffraction. Date: Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
13 Observations: 1. What happens when the wave hits a barrier? 2. Sketch what happens when the wave moves through a narrow opening. 3. Sketch what happens when the wave moves through a wider opening. Conclusions: When a wave travels in a straight line, it propagates small circular waves (secondary sources). When the wave hits an obstruction, the secondary sources moving past the obstruction (through the gap) will interfere with the neighbouring secondary sources. All points on the new wavefront now become the source for a new set of wavefronts. As long as the wave carries on, the process is repeated. 172 PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade 11 Doc Scientia
14 opening wavefront A smaller opening produces greater diffraction. The maximum degree of diffraction occurs when circular wavefronts occur on the opposite side of an opening. This occurs when the width of the opening is equal to the wavelength of the wave, therefore w = λ. Complete diffraction occurs. Longer wavelengths undergo greater diffraction. When the waves move through the opening, the wavelength and frequency are not affected. The degree of diffraction depends on: -- the wavelength (λ). -- the width of the opening (w). The degree of diffraction is large when the opening is small. (Diffraction is inversely proportional to the width of the opening.) The degree of diffraction is large when the wavelength is long. (Diffraction is directly proportional to the wavelength.) λ The degree of diffraction w Exercise 13 1 A ripple tank is set up with water. constructive interference: crest with crest from neighbouring source destructive interference: crest with trough from neighbouring source Date: Two wooden barriers are placed so that the opening between them is 12 cm. Waves with a wavelength of 1 cm are produced by a vibrator. 12 cm wooden barrier straight waves Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
15 1.1 What phenomenon is observed here? 1.2 Define this phenomenon. 1.3 Draw a sketch of waves moving through the opening. 1.4 Use a sketch to illustrate how this pattern (in Question 1.3) will be affected if the gap is decreased to 6 cm. 1.5 Use a sketch to illustrate how the pattern (in Question 1.3) will change if the wavelength is increased to 3 cm. 2 A ripple tank is set up with water. Two wooden blocks are placed to produce a narrow gap. A water wave is produced by a vibrator, moves towards the opening and goes through it. A diffraction pattern is formed on the other side of the opening. This pattern can be explained using Huygens Principle. 174 PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade 11 Doc Scientia
16 2.1 Write down Huygens principle. 2.2 If the gap is widened, how will the pattern change? Give a reason for your answer. 2.3 If the wavelengths of the waves are decreased, how will the pattern change? Give a reason for your answer. 3 A ripple tank is set up with water. Three wooden blocks are placed in the tank so that there are two gaps of equal size. A water wave is produced with a vibrator and approaches the openings and travels through it. Interference occurs on the opposite side of the barriers. 3.1 Define interference. 3.2 The following pattern is observed. crest P Q S R Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
17 3.2.1 What type of interference occurs at point Q? Give a reason for your answer What type of interference occurs at point R? Give a reason for your answer What type of interference occurs at point S? Give a reason for your answer Diffraction of light waves We have looked at the diffraction of water waves and now we are going to investigate the diffraction of light. Diffraction and interference are unique properties of waves. If diffraction and interference occur in light, then this will prove that light is a wave. Experiment 14 Aim: To investigate light moving through a single slit. Apparatus: A light bulb with a straight filament A glass slide with a single slit (Paint a glass slide with black paint or hold it near a burning candle until it is completely black. Draw a straight line through the paint with a razor blade.) A combination colour filter (red and blue) or one blue filter and one red filter Method: 1. Set up the lamp so the filament is vertical and darken the room. 2. Switch on the lamp. 3. Hold the glass slide with the slit near your eye and look through the slit at the filament. Observe the pattern that is formed. 4. Place the red filter, and then the blue filter, in front of the lamp and see what changes can be observed in the pattern. Observations: 1. White light Date: red filter blue filter 176 PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade 11 Doc Scientia
18 2. Red light 3. Blue light Questions: 1. What is the difference between the diffraction pattern seen using red or blue light through a single slit? 2. Does red light have a larger or smaller wavelength than blue light? 3. Name the independent variable in this experiment. 4. Name the dependent variable in this experiment. 5. Which factors are kept controlled during this experiment? 6. What is the relationship between the width of the central band (degree of diffraction) and the wavelength of the light? Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
19 Conclusions: Experiment 15 Aim: Date: To investigate the diffraction of light through slits of different widths. Apparatus: Two rectangular slides painted black Blade A lamp with a straight filament Blue filter Method: 1. Use the slide from the previous experiment. 2. Make a wider slit in the second slide. 3. Set up the apparatus in the same manner as for the previous experiment. 4. Place the blue filter in front of the lamp and look at the light through the slit. Questions: 1. What do you observe? 2. Replace the slide with the narrow slit with the slide with the wider slit. What do you observe? 178 PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade 11 Doc Scientia
20 3. What is the difference between the diffraction pattern when observing light through a narrow and a wider slit? 4. Name the independent variable in this experiment. 5. Name the dependent variable in this experiment. 6. What are the controlled variables in this experiment? 7. What conclusion can be drawn from this experiment? 8. What is the relationship between the width of the central band (degree of diffraction) and the width of the slit? The following is observed in the previous experiments: 1. Waves bend around the sides of a slit. Diffraction occurs when waves move through a narrow slit. On the outside edges, interference occurs, as the wavefronts interfere with one another. A bright central band is observed, with alternating dark and bright bands on either side. the higher the crest, the higher the intensity, therefore the brighter the colour band central colour band (maximum) dark band (1 st minimum) dark band (2 nd minimum) screen Doc Scientia PHYSICS textbook and workbook - Grade
21 Interference Constructive 2D AND 3D WAVEFRONTS Destructive Diffraction: Wavefront: Huygens principle: Degree of diffraction is affected by Diffraction of light waves: Bright bands: Darker bands: Wave nature of light: Diffraction
DIFFRACTION 05 MAY 2014
IFFRTION 05 MY 2014 In this lesson we: Lesson escription Use Huygen s Principle to explain Show how the degree of is related to wavelength and the slit width Summary wavefront is an imaginary line joining
More informationIntroduction to Waves
Introduction to Waves 1 What s a wave? A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another. The direction of energy transfer is the direction of propagation of the wave. 2 Transverse
More informationRipple Tank Exploring the Properties of Waves Using a Ripple Tank
Exploring the Properties of Waves Using a The ripple tank is a shallow, glass-bottomed container that is filled with water to a depth of 1 or 2 centimeters. There is a light source that is placed above
More informationPhysics Mechanics
1 Physics 170 - Mechanics Lecture 33 Waves Wave notion 2 A wave pulse is a disturbance that propagates through a medium. It transfers energy without transferring matter; the energy is a combination of
More informationMechanical waves Electromagnetic waves
Waves Energy can be transported by transfer of matter. For example by a thrown object. Energy can also be transported by wave motion without the transfer of matter. For example by sound waves and electromagnetic
More informationWAVES. Pulses are disturbances or a single wave motion. A continuous production of pulses will give rise to a progressive wave (wave train).
1 WAVES Types of Waves Pulses Pulses are disturbances or a single wave motion. A continuous production of pulses will give rise to a progressive wave (wave train). Progressive Waves A progressive wave
More informationChapter 14: Waves. What s disturbing you?
Chapter 14: Waves What s disturbing you? Wave Properties Waves carry energy through matter. The matter can move with the wave, or at right angles to it. Newton s laws and conservation laws govern the behavior
More informationIntroduction. Strand E Unit 2: The Nature of Waves. Learning Objectives. Introduction.
Learning Objectives At the end of this unit you should be able to Describe the main features of diffraction, refraction and reflection, and use the law of reflection. Describe how two progressive waves
More information(Supplementary) Investigation Waves in a Ripple Tank
Purpose In this investigation you will study the behaviour of waves in two dimensions by observing water waves in a ripple tank. A ripple tank is a shallow, glass-bottomed tank. Light from a source above
More informationWaves. harmonic wave wave equation one dimensional wave equation principle of wave fronts plane waves law of reflection
Waves Vocabulary mechanical wave pulse continuous periodic wave amplitude wavelength period frequency wave velocity phase transverse wave longitudinal wave intensity displacement wave number phase velocity
More informationSection 1 Types of Waves
CHAPTER OUTLINE Section 1 Types of Waves Key Idea questions > What does a wave carry? > How are waves generated? > What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave? > How do the
More informationSlide 2 / 28 Wave Motion. A wave travels along its medium, but the individual particles just move up and down.
Slide 1 / 28 Waves Slide 2 / 28 Wave Motion A wave travels along its medium, but the individual particles just move up and down. Slide 3 / 28 Wave Motion All types of traveling waves transport energy.
More informationThe physicist's greatest tool is his wastebasket Albert Einstein
Chapter 20: Waves The physicist's greatest tool is his wastebasket Albert Einstein 2 20.1 Waves Describe transverse and longitudinal waves. Learn the properties of waves. Calculate the speed of a wave.
More informationINTRODUCTION TO WAVES. Dr. Watchara Liewrian
INTRODUCTION TO WAVES Dr. Watchara Liewrian What are Waves? Rhythmic disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter Types of Waves Mechanical Waves need matter (or medium) to transfer energy A
More informationPhysics 1-2 Mr. Chumbley Physics: Chapter 11 p
Physics 1-2 Mr. Chumbley Physics: Chapter 11 p. 362-401 Section 1 p. 364 371 Section 2 p. 372-377 Simple Harmonic Motion There exist many different situations in which objects oscillate in regular, repeating
More informationPhysics 11. Unit 7 (Part 1) Wave Motion
Physics 11 Unit 7 (Part 1) Wave Motion 1. Introduction to wave Wave motion is a popular phenomenon that we observe often in our daily lives. For example, light waves, sound waves, radio waves, water waves,
More informationVibrations are the sources of waves. A vibration creates a disturbance in a given medium, that disturbance travels away from the source, carrying
Vibrations are the sources of waves. A vibration creates a disturbance in a given medium, that disturbance travels away from the source, carrying energy with it, we call this traveling disturbance a wave.
More informationChapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2.
Energy can be transported by particles or waves: Chapter 11 Waves A wave is characterized as some sort of disturbance that travels away from a source. The key difference between particles and waves is
More information4.4 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 WAVE PROPERTIES Student Notes
4.4 WAVE CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 WAVE PROPERTIES Student Notes I. DIFFERENT TYPES OF WAVES A. TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL WAVES B. WAVE PULSES AND TRAVELLING WAVES C. SOUND AND WATER WAVES II. DEFINING TERMS
More informationSection 1: Types of Waves
Waves Section 1 Section 1: Types of Waves Preview Key Ideas Bellringer What Is a Wave? Vibrations and Waves Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Surface Waves Waves Section 1 Key Ideas What does a wave carry?
More informationWave Motion. interference destructive interferecne constructive interference in phase. out of phase standing wave antinodes resonant frequencies
Wave Motion Vocabulary mechanical waves pulse continuous periodic wave amplitude period wavelength period wave velocity phase transverse wave longitudinal wave intensity displacement amplitude phase velocity
More informationNATURE AND PROPERTIES OF WAVES P.1
NATURE AND ROERTIES OF WAVES.1 DSE AER IA 218 14. Which of the following statements about waves is/are correct? (1) Longitudinal waves can transmit energy from one place to another but transverse waves
More informationDiffraction of Water Waves. Pg
Diffraction of Water Waves Pg. 459-461 Diffraction Diffraction is the bending of a wave as the wave passes through an opening or by an obstacle The amount of diffraction depends on the wavelength of the
More informationCHAPTER 10 WAVES. Section 10.1 Types of Waves
CHAPTER 10 WAVES Section 10.1 Types of Waves What does a wave carry? How are waves generated? What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal waves? How do the particles in ocean waves
More informationUnit 2. The Nature of Waves
Strand E. Waves Unit 2. The ature of Waves Contents Page Superposition and Interference 2 Stationary Waves 7 Reflection, Diffraction and Refraction 12 Strand E Unit 2: The ature of Waves E.2.1. Interference
More information17.1: Mechanical Waves
New Standard SPS9: Students will investigate the properties of waves. a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy. b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of different types of electromagnetic
More informationQuestion. A. Incorrect! Check the definition for period. B. Incorrect! Check the definition for speed.
AP Physics - Problem Drill 11: Vibrations and Waves. Instruction: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as 1. The following definitions are used to
More informationWaves. Kevin Small or
Waves Opening note: X-rays can penetrate your body. Sound waves can make thinks vibrate; water waves can knock you over in the sea. Infrared waves can warm you up and slinky waves are fun to play with.
More informationWave a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space
Waves The Nature of Waves Wave a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space 1. Molecules pass energy on to neighboring molecules. 2. Waves carry energy without transporting
More informationStudent Exploration: Ripple Tank
Name: Date: Student Exploration: Ripple Tank Vocabulary: constructive interference, crest, destructive interference, diffraction, Huygens Principle, interference, law of superposition, node, refraction,
More informationChapter 15 Wave Motion. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Wave Motion 15-1 Characteristics of Wave Motion All types of traveling waves transport energy. Study of a single wave pulse shows that it is begun with a vibration and is transmitted through
More informationDEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS
DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS LSN 11-7: WAVE MOTION LSN 11-8: TYPES OF WAVES; LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE LSN 11-9: ENERGY TRANSPORTED BY WAVES Physics of Waves Questions From Reading
More informationhill The waves reach the house because the hill has caused them to be A water wave gap
1 Radio waves are received at a house at the bottom of a hill. radio waves hill house The waves reach the house because the hill has caused them to be diffracted. radiated. reflected. refracted. 2 wave
More informationPre AP Physics: Unit 7 Vibrations, Waves, and Sound. Clear Creek High School
Pre AP Physics: Unit 7 Vibrations, Waves, and Sound Clear Creek High School Simple Harmonic Motion Simple Harmonic Motion Constant periodic motion of an object. An object oscillates back and forth along
More informationWaves Wave Characteristics
Name: Date: Waves 4.4 Wave Characteristics. A transverse travelling wave has amplitude A 0 and wavelength λ. The distance between a crest and its neighbouring trough, measured in the direction of energy
More informationDefine transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Draw a simple diagram of each
AP Physics Study Guide Chapters 11, 12, 24 Waves, Sound, Light & Interference Name Write the equation that defines each quantity, include units for all quantities. wave speed-wavelength equation natural
More informationWays Waves Interact. ! Reflection! Refraction! Diffraction! Interference. Standing Waves. ! Constructive! Destructive
! Reflection! Refraction! Diffraction! Interference Ways Waves Interact! Constructive! Destructive Standing Waves 1 Reflection Reflection occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces off of it. All
More informationSection 1 Types of Waves. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.
Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives Recognize that waves transfer energy. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Explain the relationship between particle vibration and wave motion.
More informationChapter 14. Vibrations and Waves
Chapter 14 Vibrations and Waves Chapter 14 Vibrations and Waves In this chapter you will: Examine vibrational motion and learn how it relates to waves. Determine how waves transfer energy. Describe wave
More informationWaves Mechanical Waves Amplitude Frequency / Period Wavelength Wave Phases Wave Speed : Wave Basics / Wave Properties
Waves Mechanical Waves Amplitude Frequency / Period Wavelength Wave Phases Wave Speed 13.1 : Wave Basics / Wave Properties Waves Medium A medium is the material, which a wave travels through (Solid, liquid,
More informationWaves & Interference
Waves & Interference I. Definitions and Types II. Parameters and Equations III. Sound IV. Graphs of Waves V. Interference - superposition - standing waves The student will be able to: HW: 1 Define, apply,
More informationSound waves... light waves... water waves...
Sound waves... light waves... water waves... 1S-13 Slinky on Stand Creating longitudinal compression waves in a slinky What happens when you pull back and release one end of the slinky? 4/11/2011 Physics
More informationPractice Problems For 1st Wave Exam
For 1st Wave Exam 1. Which wave diagram has both wavelength ( ) and amplitude (A) labeled correctly? A) B) C) 5. The energy of a sound wave is most closely related to the wave's A) frequency B) amplitude
More informationWaves Physics Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse
Waves Physics 20.1 Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse A transverse wave has its oscillations/vibrations to the direction the wave moves. 2. Longitudinal A longitudinal
More information3.1 General Wave Properties
For more awesome GSE and level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ 3.1 General Wave Properties Question Paper Level IGSE Subject Physics (0625) Exam oard Topic Sub Topic ooklet ambridge International
More informationWaves and Sound. Honors Physics
Waves and Sound Honors Physics Simple Harmonic Motion Refers to repetitive, cyclical motion (like a pendulum or waves) Can be described with sine curve For a pendulum only T 2 L g Example problem The world
More informationSPH4U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS
SPH4U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS THE WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT L of Water Waves (P.459-461) Properties of Waves In order to study the properties of waves, a ripple tank is used. A ripple tank is a shallow, glass-bottomed
More informationCharacteristics of Waves
Chapter 15 Characteristics of Waves Waves disturbances that carry energy through matter or space Waves transfer energy. The energy being transferred may spread out as waves travel. Characteristics of Waves
More informationWaves, Light, and Sound
CHAPTER 14 Waves, Light, and Sound LESSON 1 Waves What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationParts of Longitudinal Waves A compression
1 Waves All substantive material is from Wave Motion and Sound by James Dann. http://www.ck12.org/flexr/ unless otherwise noted. Illustrations are copyright free. Objects in motion that return to the same
More informationWhat Do You Think? GOALS
Activity 3 Slinkies and Waves GOALS In this activity you will: Make a people wave. Generate longitudinal and transverse waves on a Slinky. Label the parts of a wave. Analyze the behavior of waves on a
More informationPreview. Vibrations and Waves Section 1. Section 1 Simple Harmonic Motion. Section 2 Measuring Simple Harmonic Motion. Section 3 Properties of Waves
Vibrations and Waves Section 1 Preview Section 1 Simple Harmonic Motion Section 2 Measuring Simple Harmonic Motion Section 3 Properties of Waves Section 4 Wave Interactions Vibrations and Waves Section
More informationAlgebra Based Physics
Algebra Based Physics Waves www.njctl.org Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section Types of Waves Standing Waves on a String Table of Contents https://www.njctl.org/video/?v=ywgtos4xmqo
More informationChapters 25: Waves. f = 1 T. v =!f. Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4
Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4 Chapters 25: Waves NAME: Vocabulary: wave, pulse, oscillation, amplitude, wavelength, wave speed, frequency, period, interference, constructive,
More informationPhysics Waves & Sound
Read Page 298 (Wave Characteristics) TQ1. How is a pulse different from a wave? Physics Waves & Sound Day 1 TQ2. What actually moves down a slinky when in the form of a wave? TQ3. What two things happen
More informationUnit 7: Waves and Sound
Objectives Unit 7: Waves and Sound Identify the crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude of any wave, and distinguish transverse and longitudinal wages. Given two of the following quantities of a wave,
More information1.30 Wave Interactions
www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Energy 1.30 Wave Interactions Identify ways that waves can interact with matter. Define and give examples of wave reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Did you ever hear an echo
More informationTypes of Waves. Section Section 11.1
Types of Waves Section Section 11.1 Waves A A disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space Waves Most waves move through matter called a medium. Ex. Waves traveling through water. Types of
More informationLesson 14: Simple harmonic motion, Waves (Sections )
Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion The projection of uniform circular motion along any ais (the -ais here) is the same as simple harmonic motion. We use our understanding of uniform circular motion
More informationWave Properties Describe the reflection and transmission of one-dimensional waves at a boundary between two media.
Wave Properties 4.2.1 Describe the reflection and transmission of one-dimensional waves at a boundary between two media. When a wave encounters a boundary it does two things, it reflects backwards and
More informationName Class Date. How do waves behave when they interact with objects? What happens when two waves meet? How do standing waves form?
CHAPTER 15 3 Wave Interactions SECTION Waves KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: How do waves behave when they interact with objects? What happens when two waves meet? How
More informationOrganize information about waves. Differentiate two main types of waves.
Lesson 1 Waves Scan Lesson 1. Read the lesson titles and bold words. Look at the pictures. Identify three facts you discovered about waves. Record your facts in your Science Journal. What are waves? Organize
More informationP11 Waves 1 Basics.notebook December 13, 2013
Ace Ventura Slinky Scene 1 Unit 4- Waves Waves are caused by vibrations, such as objects undergoing simple harmonic motion. Although water waves, sound waves, springs, and light all seem very different,
More informationWaves & Currents. Ocean Explorer Module 3. Marine Science Lesson Enhancements based on Grade 11 & 12 curriculum in Physics, Chemistry & Biology
Marine Science Lesson Enhancements based on Grade 11 & 12 curriculum in Physics, Chemistry & Biology Waves & Currents Ocean Explorer Module 3 Copyright 2017 Waves & Currents Page! 1 of! 14 Overview 1 -
More informationPhysics Module Form 5 Chapter 1 - Waves GCKL 2010 U N D E R S T A N D I N G
1.1 U N D E R S T A N D I N G W A V E S What is meant by wave motion What is meant by a wavefront State the direction of propagation of waves in relation to wavefronts What is transverse wave? What is
More informationWAVES. Unit 3. Sources: Ck12.org
WAVES Unit 3 Sources: Ck12.org BELLRINGER DAY 01 1. How do you think energy travels? 2. Are all waves the same? Explain. LONGITUDINAL WAVES Amplitude, Rarefaction, and Compression WHAT ARE WAVES? Waves
More informationCHAPTER 8: MECHANICAL WAVES TRANSMIT ENERGY IN A VARIETY OF WAYS
CHAPTER 8: MECHANICAL WAVES TRANSMIT ENERGY IN A VARIETY OF WAYS DISCLAIMER FOR MOST QUESTIONS IN THIS CHAPTER Waves are always in motion, as they transmit energy and information from one point to another.
More informationExercises Vibration of a Pendulum (page 491) 25.2 Wave Description (pages ) 25.3 Wave Motion (pages )
Exercises 25.1 Vibration of a Pendulum (page 491) 1. The time it takes for one back-and-forth motion of a pendulum is called the. 2. List the two things that determine the period of a pendulum. 3. Circle
More informationWave. 1. Transverse 2. Longitudinal 3. Standing
Wave Wave: A disturbance traveling through a medium by which energy is transferred from one particle of the medium to another without causing any permanent displacementof the medium itself. (A Wave Transports
More informationToday: waves. Exam Results. Wave Motion. What is moving? Motion of a piece of the rope. Energy transport
Exam: Exam scores posted on Learn@UW No homework due next week Exam Results D C BC B AB A Today: waves Have studied Newton s laws, motion of particles, momentum, energy, etc. Laws for describing things
More informationExploring Wave Phenomena. One 45-minute period, minimum
Title: Exploring Wave Phenomena Revision: April 7, 2006 Authors: Joan Taber, Sharon Gerbode, Mark Buckley, Jacob Grose Appropriate Level: Grades 9-12 Abstract: Time Required: NY Standards Met: Special
More informationWaves. Name and Surname: Class: L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E. What are waves? Why are waves formed?
L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E What are waves? Why are waves formed? Waves Y E A R 1 0, C H A P T E R 8 G J Z A H R A, B. E D ( H O N S ) Why does a pool filled with water look shallower than it really
More informationTopic 4.4 Wave Characteristics (2 hours)
Topic 4.4 Wave Characteristics (2 hours) You must live in the present, launch yourself on every wave, find your eternity in each moment. Henry David Thoreau 1 What s a wave? A wave is a disturbance that
More informationChapter 17. Mechanical Waves and sound
Chapter 17 Mechanical Waves and sound Section 1 Mechanical Waves A. What are Mechanical Waves 1. Mechanical wave: disturbance in matter that carries ENERGY!! 2. Medium: material wave travels in Can be
More informationPhysics Workbook WALCH PUBLISHING
Physics Workbook WALCH PUBLISHING Table of Contents To the Student.............................. vii Unit 1: Forces Activity 1 Distance and Displacement................ 1 Activity 2 Vector and Scalar Quantities...............
More informationChapter 19: Vibrations And Waves
Lecture Outline Chapter 19: Vibrations And Waves This lecture will help you understand: Vibrations of a Pendulum Wave Description Wave Speed Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves Wave Interference Standing
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Waves. Section 1: The Nature of Waves. Section 2: Wave Properties. Section 3: The Behavior of Waves
Table of Contents Chapter: Waves Section 1: The Nature of Waves Section 2: Wave Properties Section 3: The Behavior of Waves 1 The Nature of Waves What s in a wave? A wave is a repeating disturbance or
More informationEpisode 320: Superposition
Episode 320: Super This episode introduces the basic idea of super of waves, explaining what happens when two or more waves meet. Summary Discussion: Recapping wave ideas. (10 minutes) Demonstration: Waves
More informationPHYSICS. Waves & Simple Harmonic Motion
PHYSICS Waves & Simple Harmonic Motion A repeating back-and-forth motion about an equilibrium position is a vibration. A disturbance that is transmitted progressively from one place to the next with no
More informationNot all waves require a medium to travel. Light from the sun travels through empty space.
What are waves? Wave Definition: A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. What carries waves? A medium, a medium is the material through which a wave travels. A medium can be a gas, liquid,
More informationCH 17 - MECHANICAL WAVES & SOUND. Sec Mechanical Waves
CH 17 - MECHANICAL WAVES & SOUND Sec. 17.2 - Mechanical Waves Mechanical Wave - disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another. Mechanical waves require matter called a MEDIUM to travel
More informationChapter # 08 Waves. [WAVES] Chapter # 08
Chapter # 08 Waves Q2) Write short answers of the following questions. i) What is the difference between progressive and stationary waves? Answer: Progressive Waves 1 Progressive waves are the result of
More informationWaves-Wave Basics. 1. Which type of wave requires a material medium through which to travel? 1. sound 2. television 3. radio 4.
Waves-Wave Basics 1. Which type of wave requires a material medium through which to travel? 1. sound 2. television 3. radio 4. x ray 2. A single vibratory disturbance moving through a medium is called
More informationExam Results, HW4 reminder. Wave Motion. Today: waves. What is moving? Motion of a piece of the rope. Exam Results. Average
Exam Results, HW4 reminder Exam: Class average = 14.1/20 ( at B/BC boundary) Exam scores posted this afternoon on Learn@UW Exam solutions will be posted on course web page HW3 (short) assigned at WileyPLUS
More informationDefined as a transfer of energy, in the form of a temporary disturbance of a medium, where the medium itself does not move.
Waves: Defined as a transfer of energy, in the form of a temporary disturbance of a medium, where the medium itself does not move. Three Classifications of waves: 1. Mechanical waves: These are waves that
More informationLab #21 - ORR: Resonance Tube
Chapter 21 Lab #21 - ORR: Resonance Tube Introduction The vertical resonance apparatus is a device for helping the Physics student understand the principle of waves and resonance. In particular the study
More informationHow do waves interact with objects? How do waves behave when they move between two media? How do waves interact with other waves?
CHAPTER 20 3 Wave Interactions SECTION The Energy of Waves BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do waves interact with objects? How do waves behave
More informationChapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2.
Chapter 11 Waves Energy can be transported by particles or waves A wave is characterized as some sort of disturbance that travels away from a source. The key difference between particles and waves is a
More informationWhat are waves? Wave
What are waves? Wave Definition: A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. What carries waves? A medium, a medium is the material through which a wave travels. A medium can be a gas, liquid,
More informationCore Concept. PowerPoint Lectures Physical Science, 8e. Chapter 5 Wave Motions and Sound. New Symbols for this Chapter 2/20/2011
PowerPoint Lectures Physical Science, 8e Chapter 5 Wave Motions and Sound New Symbols for this Chapter T-Period f-frequency v-wave speed λ-wavelength A-Amplitude Sound is transmitted as increased and decreased
More informationWave phenomena in a ripple tank
Wave phenomena in a ripple tank LEP Related topics Generation of surface waves, propagation of surface waves, reflection of waves, refraction of waves, Doppler Effect. Principle Water waves are generated
More informationProperties of Waves Unit Practice Problems
Name: Date: Properties of Waves Unit Practice Problems Wave Terminology 1. For the two waves below, write the correct term (or terms) to describe part of the wave at each letter. 2. For each wave, use
More informationSPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS
SPH3U UNIVERSITY PHYSICS WAVES & SOUND L (P.416-419) On the surface of a lake on a windy day, you will see many complicated wave motions. The water surface appears this way because when waves from various
More informationChs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves
Chs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves The nature of waves A wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another, and even though matter may be disturbed as a wave travels through a
More informationa disturbance that transfers energy Carries energy from one place to another Classified by what they move through
WAVES WAVES a disturbance that transfers energy Carries energy from one place to another Classified by what they move through 1. Mechanical Waves the energy is transferred by vibrations of medium (medium
More informationCh13. Vibrations and Waves HW# 1, 5, 9, 13, 19, 29, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 61
Ch13. Vibrations and Waves HW# 1, 5, 9, 13, 19, 29, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 61 If you displace a system that obeys Hooke s Law, It will follow simple harmonic motion. The system will oscillate.
More informationwaves? Properties Interactions
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 What are waves? Wave Properties Chapter Wrap-Up Wave Interactions How do waves travel through matter? What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you
More informationIntroduction to Waves
chapter 9 Introduction to Waves section 3 The Behavior of Waves Before You Read Think about a time when you walked down an empty hallway and heard the echo of your footsteps. Write what you think caused
More informationQuestions. Background. Equipment. Activities LAB 3. WAVES
Questions LAB 3. WAVES How can we measure the velocity of a wave? How are the wavelength, period, and speed of a wave related? What types of behavior do waves exhibit? Background Consider what happens
More informationWaves: Carriers of Energy
(Effective and Alternative Secondary Education) Waves: Carriers of Energy BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Department of Education DepED Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City Waves: Carriers of Energy What this
More information