Ch19&21 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

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1 Ch19&21 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A large body of saline water that may be surrounded by land is a(n) a. submersible. c. global ocean b. ocean. d. sea. 2. How much of Earth s total mass is the global ocean? a. 97% c. 1/4,000 b. 1/2 d. 1/ The deepest and largest ocean on Earth is the a. Atlantic. c. Indian. b. Pacific. d. Southern. 4. The third largest ocean is the a. Arctic Ocean. c. Pacific Ocean. b. Atlantic Ocean. d. Indian Ocean. 5. Modern oceanography began with a. the JOIDES Resolution. c. the HMS Challenger. b. the Japanese ship CHIKYU. d. the use of sonar. 6. To see the bottom of the ocean for himself or herself while remaining connected to a research ship, a scientist would use a. a submarine robot. c. sonar. b. a bathysphere. d. a bathyscaph. 7. The voyages of the HMS Challenger a. provided information about plate tectonics. b. proved there were five oceans. c. provided valuable core samples. d. laid the foundation for oceanography.

2 8. Which is NOT a tool used by scientists to study the deep ocean? a. drilling ship c. seamount b. bathyscaph d. sonar 9. Scientists use sonar to a. measure the temperature of ocean water. b. calculate the depth of the ocean floor. c. photograph ocean organisms. d. obtain samples from the ocean floor. 10. To calculate the depth of the ocean floor with sonar, scientists measure a. the volume of sound waves. b. the length of sound waves. c. the distance sound waves travel. d. the time it takes sound waves to travel. 11. A continental shelf is part of the a. continent. c. deep ocean basin. b. abyssal plain. d. continental rise. 12. The average depth of water covering a continental shelf is a..12 m. c. 60 m. b. 5 m. d. 1,000 m. 13. The flattest regions on Earth are a. trenches. c. mid ocean ridges. b. seamounts. d. abyssal plains. 14. Seamounts are most likely to form in a. tablemounts. c. fracture zones. b. hot spots. d. trenches. 15. Most mid ocean ridges form a. below sea level. c. in areas of increased volcanic activity. b. in trenches. d. along fracture zones.

3 16. The deepest place in Earth s crust is a(n) a. abyssal plain. c. trench. b. seamount. d. submarine canyon. 17. Thick sediment layers usually do not form on abyssal plains that are bordered by a. submarine canyons. c. seamounts. b. trenches. d. fracture zones. 18. The Mariana Trench is best known for its a. length. c. height. b. depth. d. volcanic activity. 19. The mid ocean ridges in Iceland are unusual because a. they were formed by plates pulling away from each other. b. they rise above sea level. c. they are tablemounts. d. they are abyssal plains. 20. Sediments from rivers spread over the deep ocean basins by means of a. icebergs. c. wind. b. chemical reactions. d. turbidity currents. 21. Most river sediments are deposited a. on the shore and continental shelf. c. on abyssal plains. b. in the deep ocean basins. d. on the continental rise. 22. Biogenic sediments come from a. oxides of minerals. c. silt and clay. b. marine plants and animals. d. glaciers and icebergs. 23. The source of most calcium carbonate in biogenic sediments is a. diatoms. c. silica b. radiolarans. d. foraminiferans.

4 24. The soft, fine material that covers about 40% of the ocean floor is a. mud. c. ooze. b. red clay. d. biogenic sediment. 25. The most common compounds in organic sediments are a. diatoms and radiolarians. c. silica and calcium carbonate. b. foraminiferans. d. oxides of iron and manganese. 26. A piece of sediment collected by drilling is a(n) a. inorganic sediment. c. core sample. b. biogenic sediment. d. diatom. 27. Which of the following causes gyres to form? a. deep currents c. the Equatorial Countercurrent b. the Coriolis effect d. West Wind Drift 28. The curving of the path of ocean currents and wind belts is called a. tidal oscillation. c. refraction. b. the Gulf Stream. d. the Coriolis effect. 29. The highest point of a wave is its a. trough. c. crest. b. wave height. d. wave period. 30. High evaporation and low rainfall in summer cause the Mediterranean Sea to have a. lower salinity and higher density. c. lower salinity and higher turbidity. b. higher salinity and higher density. d. lower salinity and lower density. 31. Deep currents are caused by a. differences in density of ocean water. c. the Coriolis effect. b. global wind belts. d. continental barriers. 32. A turbidity current is a type of

5 a. surface current. c. rip current. b. deep current. d. longshore current. 33. The factors that determine the size of a wave are wind speed, fetch, and a. the length of time the wind blows. b. water temperature. c. water salinity. d. amount of sediment on the ocean floor. 34. As water carried on to a beach by breaking waves is pulled back into deeper water, an irregular current is formed, called a(n) a. trough. c. under tow. b. rip current. d. breaker. 35. What is the effect of wind energy on waves? a. It makes large waves smaller. c. It makes small waves larger. b. It gives all waves an equal size. d. It makes large waves larger. 36. What happens to a water particle in a wave during a single wave period? a. It moves in the direction of the wave. c. It moves in one complete circle. b. It moves in a half circle. d. It does not move. 37. Very large waves are usually the result of a. no fetch. c. a weak fetch. b. a short fetch. d. a long fetch. 38. Waves strike the coastline head on instead of at an angle as a result of a. undertow. c. fetch. b. longshore currents. d. refraction. 39. The distance that wind blows across an area of the sea to generate waves is known as a. wavelength. c. tide. b. fetch. d. wave period. 40. A gap in a line of breakers is often a sign of

6 a. rip currents. c. longshore currents. b. undertow. d. deep currents. 41. Sandbars are formed by a. undertow. c. rip currents. b. refraction. d. longshore currents. 42. Calling a tsunami a tidal wave is misleading because a. a tsunami is not really a wave. b. a tsunami is not caused by tides. c. a tsunami does not occur in the ocean. d. a tsunami only occurs during ebb tides. 43. A tsunami has a tremendous amount of energy because of its a. long wave period. c. long wavelength. b. high speed. d. great wave height. 44. The major cause of tides is the a. Earth s rotation. b. gravitational pull of the moon on Earth and its waters. c. Earth s revolution around the sun. d. tidal bulge of Earth. 45. The force that causes tides is a. wind. c. gravity. b. refraction. d. friction. 46. Most ocean locations have two high tides and two low tides daily because a. the moon rises about 50 min later each day. b. the gravitational forces of the sun and moon work against each other. c. the moon orbits Earth in the same direction that Earth rotates. d. there are two tidal bulges. 47. Which of the following occurs when the gravity of the sun and moon work against each other to create a small daily tidal range? a. spring tides c. ebb tides

7 b. neap tides d. flood tides 48. Motions in ocean water that occur as tidal bulges move around the ocean basins are called a. tidal ranges. c. tidal oscillations. b. tsunamis. d. tidal currents. 49. Where would a tidal bore occur? a. in the middle of the ocean c. in an enclosed sea b. on a shoreline d. where a river enters the ocean 50. The tidal current that flows toward the ocean is called a. ebb tide. c. slack water. b. flood tide. d. tidal bore.

8 Ch19&21 Test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 3. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2

9 15. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1

10 31. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3

11 47. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 OBJ: 4

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