Maritime Renewable Energy

Transcription

1 Maritime Renewable Energy Prospects & Opportunities Prof Minoo Patel Tel: +44 (0) Contents Existing technologies in wave, wind and tidal energy: Recent developments in licensing; Conclusions. 1

2 Personal Background 33 years of experience in offshore engineering with last 9 years of this on maritime renewable energy; Current roles: - Head of School of Engineering at Cranfield University; - Founder and Director of BPP Technical Services Ltd; - Director of Keppel Offshore and Marine Ltd; Research on maritime renewable energy and bio-fuels at Cranfield University; Consultancy and technical support via BPP-Tech Maritime Renewable Energy Offshore wind Wave energy Tidal energy 2

3 UK Offshore Wind; Policy & Objectives December 2000 : first round: 18 companies selected to built wind farms (total 1.6 GW) July 2003 : round 2 : total estimated of 6.4 GW Round 3 : total aim of 25 GW Offshore Wind 23,000 modern offshore 5MW wind turbines would deliver on average more than the entire present UK domestic electricity demand 3

4 Maritime Renewable Energy Resources Overview of the Technologies Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: 1. Attenuator: floating device which works perpendicular to the wave direction. Movements along its length can be selectively constrained to produce energy. 4

5 Wave energy device : Attenuator : Pelamis 750 kw Pitching segments react against each other - hydraulic rams drive hydraulic motor and hence an electrical generation Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: 2. Point absorber: floating structure which absorbs energy in all directions. The power take-off system may take a number of forms, depending on the configuration of displacers/reactors. 5

6 Wave Energy Device : Point Absorber Ocean Power Technology s Power Buoy Wave Energy Device : Point Absorber 250 kw Aquaenergy s Hosepump Buoy supported by Finavera 6

7 Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: 3. Oscillating water column : Waves cause the water column to rise and fall, compressing and decompressing the air column around a turbine. Wave Energy Device : Oscillating water column (OWC) 500 kw Near shore - Oceanlinx (Energetech) Oscillating Water Column 7

8 Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: 4. Overtopping device : relies on physical capture of water from waves above mean sea level. Water return to the sea through conventional low-head turbines. Wave Energy Device : Overtopping Wave Collector : Wave Dragon 4 MW Expected 8

9 Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: 5. Oscillating Wave Surge Converter : extracts the energy caused by wave surges and the movement of water particles within them. Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: 6. Submerged pressure differential : The motion of the waves causes the oscillation of sea level and the device. The alternating pressure can then pump fluid through a system to generate electricity. 9

10 AWS Ocean energy Archimedes Wave swing 1 MW 39 x 90 foot cylinder Within the top cylinder (floater) is a lower cylinder (basement) which moves up and down through the floater cylinder with the motion of the waves. Depth m Tidal Stream Energy Tidal Stream Energy 1. Large resource - too big to be neglected or ignored; 2. Technical feasibility - rapid development is possible; 3. Predictability - driven by gravity - not weather; 4. Minimal environmental impact - and favourable ERoEI - <12 months. 10

11 Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors 1. Horizontal axis turbine : extracts energy from moving water in much the same way as wind turbines extract energy from moving air. Systems of More Than 1000 kw: Potentially Commercially Viable mean max current 7.8kt water depth 25m ± 2m SeaGen 1.2MW Commercial Demonstrator 11

12 Systems of More Than 100 kw: Realistic Size for Practical Experience Hammerfest Strøm 300kW - (2003 -?) Developers With Small Scale Physical Models Tested in Laboratories Systems Under Development Lunar Energy 12

13 Tidal Energy Converter: TEL DeltaStream Horizontal axis turbines No drilling on the seabed 5 Companies involved Cranfield funded by Carbon Connection Grant Private investors Ongoing work since July 06 1 st prototype at sea in 18 months Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors 2. Venturi Effect By housing the device in a duct, this has the effect of concentrating the flow past the turbine. The flow of water can drive a turbine directly or the induced pressure differential in the system can drive an air-turbine. 13

14 Tidal Energy Devices; Venturi Effect. Tidal Barrage: La Rance Rance River estuary, Brittany (France) MW bulb turbines (240 MW) Built 1966 Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors 3. Oscillating Hydrofoil A hydrofoil attached to an oscillating arm and the motion is caused by the tidal current flowing either side of a wing, which results in lift. This motion can then drive fluid in a hydraulic system to be converted into electricity. 14

15 Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors 4. Vertical axis turbine : extracts energy from moving in a similar fashion to that above, however the turbine is mounted on a vertical axis. Neptune Renewable Energy: the Neptune Proteus Mark III Prototype stage 6m x 6m vertical axis crossflow turbine mounted within a patented, symmetrical diffuser duct and beneath a very simple steel deck and buoyancy packages 15

16 Maritime Renewable Energy Resources Recent Developments in Licensing Context: Round

17 Context: Round Round 3 The Crown Estate 3 17

18 Devices Legislation in the Water Strategic tgh Environmental Assessment => three rounds of wind farms possibilities / 1 to 2.6 GW of wave and tidal stream energy The Marine Bill and Coastal Access Bill (Royal Assent on 12/11/09) Strategic marine planning system Result in more consistency in licensing decisions Setting up a new Marine Management Organisation (MMO) for installations < 100 MW offshore installations Development of joint Marine Policy Statement (MPS) Marine Scotland created for direct and executive responsibility for planning and nature conservation out to 200nm to Scotland DECC and Ofgem to develop a new regulatory regime for offshore electricity transmission for network >= 132 kv Source: BWEA 3 Conclusions Marine renewable energy is a fast growing market in the UK stimulated by UK Government s Renewable Order; Tidal energy seems to have lower cost per kwh than wave and wind; Large potential for offshore wind energy worldwide. 18