FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA. By Suguru Okada. From:. Syokubutu Oyobi Dobutu, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp , 1935.
|
|
- Jacob James
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FISHES ARCHIVE FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 121 f!.:kl. - -,-" r! 1 1 ON NEMATODES PARASITIC IN THE SWIM BLADDER OF OF THE SALMON AND TROUT FAMILY By Suguru Okada From:. Syokubutu Oyobi Dobutu, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp , Translated by the Bureau for Translations, Foreign Language Division, Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Edited by L. Margolis 1957
2 This is a preliminary translation prepared for the use of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. It is not a"definitive English version of the article, and it has not been checked or approved by the author.
3 A species of nematode Cystidicola salmonicola (ISHII) is often found in great numbers in the swimming bladder of the salmon and trout family. The first study on this species was made in 1905 by Tokujiro Koshida who discovered it in the swim bladder of fry of trout at the present hatchery 1 and who reported that he had classified it as a species of Onuris. Following the above study, in 1917 Shigeyoshi Ishii made a detailed study on the same species at the same hatchery and named it Ancyracanthus salmonicola ISHII. However, Tsunenobu Fujita proposed in 1927 that it should be classified as gystidicola and corrected the name to Lystidicola salmonicola (ISHII)as above; and in 1931 pointed out errors in Ishii's observations and corrected them. The above studies more or less complete the morphological study of this parasite. However, there is still room for further study on the ecological and pathological phases such as its life history and its effects on the host. The writer started a study on these phases of this parasite. It_is his intention to publish a part of his study in this article. The writer here wishes to express his appreciation to Mr. Handa, the Director at Hokkaido salmon and trout hatchery, who offered facilities. He also expresses his appreciation to Drs. Inugai and Fujita for their kind assistance; I. Few Observations on Morphology Since there have been detailed accounts concerning the morphology of the parasite in the above theses, the present section will deal only with a few 'supplementary details. 1. Length: They measure 6 mm to 30 mm. They appear as if they are with hairs. The male is smaller in size compared to the female; the end of its tail coils approximately twice. 0# 2. The alimentary canal starts with the mouth which is located at the end of the head and is followed by the oral cavity, the vestibule, the esophagus, the intestines and the rectum and ends with the anus near the posterior end. 1 Hokkaido salmon and trout hatchery at Chitose Pura, Tanshin Koku, Hokkaido.
4 There is a well-defined demarcation (?) in the esophagus which divides it.into the anterior and the posterior sections (Fig. 1). Dr. Fujita made a comparison between the lengths of anterior and posterior esophagi of specimens from Salmo irideus GIBBONS of the salmon and trout hatchery in Sakata-Mura, Aomori Préfecture, from Oncorhynchus masou (BREVOORT) of the Chitose Hatchery in Hokkaido, and from OncoLimaphus keta (WALBAUM) of the Taranpaku Hatchery in Sakhalin. He found that the ratio became larger as he moved northward. Suspecting that such change depends on the species of host, the writer made measurements on the anterior and posterior esophagi of worms which are parasitic in Salmo irideus GIBBONS (approximately 50 cm), in onçorhynbus masou (approximately 10 cm) and in fry of OncorhyuLus keta (WALBAUM) (approxima'tely 15 cm) which were raised in the present hatchery. He then calculated the ratio. They are shown in Table 1.[p. 1452]. For a comparative purpose,.a part of Dr. Fujitals report is reproduced in Table 2. It shows the ratio between the anterior and the posterior esophagi of worms, which are parasitic in ôncorhynchus keta (WALBAUM), Oncorhynchus masou (BREVOORT) and Salmo irideus GIBBONS of Hokkaido. to be 1:2.8 or 1:3.0. The ratios are similar. Thus, it does not appear that the difference in ratio depends on the difference in the hosts. Dr. Fujita reports that whether this is due to chance, food, or climate requires further research On the size of this worm Dr. Fujita reported that of those found in Aomori Prefecture, Hokkaido and Sakhalin, those found in Aomori Prefecture were the largest, and that this should not be simply attributed to climate, but suggested that this might be related to the physical characteristics of the host and the food. At the present hatchery there are worms of all sizes - extending down from the size which Dr. Fujita found in worms collected in Aomori Prefecture - thus, the size has no relation to weather. This has already been stated by Dr. Fujita. The observations by the writer, suggest that the size of the worm is related to the size of the host - larger worms seem to be found among larger hosts. This is shown in Table 3. The table shows the measurements which were made on the 10 largest worms which were found in the swimming bladder of the fish.
5 4. The number of pepillae in the tail of the male varies greatly between different observers, although this is regarded as an important feature of classification. They agree on the point that there are 3-4 of unpaired papillae behind the genital opening: however, with respect to those which are situated in front of the genital opening, Ishii reports 9-11 pairs of paired papillae, while Dr. Fujita reports 6 pairs of paired and 4 of unpaired papillae in front of these. The. writer's observations seem to indicate that Ishii's case is more common.(fig. 2). II. Effects on the Host When these parasites become parasitic in the swim bladder, they can be seen through the surface of the swim bladder (Fig. 3). They are pa:ticularly numerous on the blind end; further, they are more numerous on the dorsal wall than on the ventral wall of the inner surface of the swim bladder. Thus, when the swim bladder is cut open and the worms are brought out and viewed under a hand magnifying glass they are much more numerous than outward appearance suggests. They range from a few worms to several hundreds and even to several. thousands. When a swim bladder with several hundred parasites is incised, a mucous 1 substance full of bodies of the worms appears. The microscopic examination of such substance shows a large number of cell fragments. The examination of that part of the structure of the swim bladder where the mucous substance was collected, shows that the pillar-like upper-skin structure has been destroyed or has fallen off (Fig. 4). The examination of the oral structure of this parasite shows that the cuticle is shaped like sharp teeth. probably eats away the structure (Fig. 5). starts at the blind end and proceeds forward. This sharp membrane It appears as though the erosion Inside the swim bladder, both mature worms and larvae are found. These larvae are large in size - measuring 5-10 mm. They can only be distinguished from the mature worms because of the incomplete development of their reproductive à 1 Dr. Fujita suggested that this might be for the most part a substance secreted from the reproductive organ of females in order to ease spawning.
6 organs. In the larvae of females there is a wen-like protuberance at the end of its tail. Thus, they can be distinguished very easily. When Oncorhya2hus masou (BREVOORT) become infested by several thousand worms, since their swim bladders are small in size, the interior of the bladder becomes full. In such cases, the number of la'rvae generally becomes extremely numerous. If we take a segment of a swim bladder with a small number of mature worms, we will find that the epidermis of the interior remains almost undamaged and that, because of the pressure exerted by the larvae, the interior is dented. The examination of the oral structure of the larvae shows that its development is incomplete and that teeth-like protuberances are not clearly defined (Fig. 6). Thus, it appears as though the larvae do not cause damage to the structure. The larvae molt once ih the swim bladder and become adults. At the time of molting, the outer cuticle separates crosswise into anterior and posterior portions near the front end. The posterior'portion comes off like a sheath - even the inside surface of the rectum comes off with it. In the female the wen-like protuberance at the tail end is cast off with the molt (Fig. 7). In the anterior portion, the molt turns inside out and stays attached to the oral portion. This seems to extend to the inner portion of the esophagus. The completion of molting in the anterior portion seems to require more time than in the posterior portion. With the completion of molting, the larvae assume an appearance of mature adults. It appears as though the oral section undergoes further development, the teeth appear and the worms are ready to inflict damage to the structure. It appears as though sexual union also occurs within the swim bladder. Spawned eggs- (Fig. 8) measure along the longer axis and along the shorter axis. They are right cylindrical in shape and have small protuberances at both ends, where there are two extremely long (0.6 mm) whip-like appendages. Spawned eggs are found along with the aforementioned. molts in the mucous substance. We do hot believe that the eggs hatch in the swim bladder. This is based on the fact that the larva is found folded in three within the eggshell and thatits body even at its longest will not exceed 0 15 mm if it hatches. Of the larvae which are found inside the swimmlng bladder ; even the smallest
7 - 5 - measures not less than 5 mm. Thus, it appears as though the hatching takes place after the eggs leave the swim bladdez.. In order to confirm this belief, an examination was made of the mucous substance, which was found in the excretion and at that portion of the throat where ductus pneumaticus opened. Of the twenty odd specimens infected by the worm, which were chosen from dead Salmo irideus (GIBBONS), only in one did we fird what appeared to be a molt in excreta which were found at the end of the rectum, and numerous relatively closely bunched eggs (more than 100) also at the end of the rectum. The shape and the size of the eggs were identical to those found in the swim bladder. Further, there was not a single similar nematode in the intestinal tracts. Therefore, there cannot be any doubt that the eggs are of the worm under discussion. There does not appear to be any differene in the extent of the development between larvae which were found in eggshells and which were found in the swim bladder. Thus, we can conclude that the eggs of the worm under discussion prassed through the digestive tracts without hatching. The examination of the area near the opening of the swim bladder duct indicated the presence of mucous substance in the neighbourhood of the gill. The microscopic exâmination of the substance showed a single egg. The examination of the inside of the swim bladder revealed the presence of mucous substance in several spots near the swim bladder duct. These observations seem to show that the mucous substance accumulates in the swim bladder and is expelled occasionally through the swim bladder duct and that (since the worms have not been observed in other organs than in the swimming bladder although the mucous substance contains eggs, molts and the worms) the worms escape back into the swim bladder and the eggs and molts are discharged. It appears that the discharge passes through the digestive tract and is expelled with the excretion. Thus, the eggs of the worm under consideration are often expelled to the outside world with the excreta during the life of the host and further there is no characteristic symptom of infection in the host at the beginning. Thus, the prevention of the propagation of this parasite is of considerable difficulty. If carcasses of the fish infested with this parasite are left in a hatchery, the swim bladder gradually putrifies and its contents are discharged outside. The discharge usually contains a large number of eggs, which does
8 - 6 - not seem to be much less th.an the amount expelled witn the excreta. Tnus it is not.entirely a useless preventive measure to remove carcasses immediately. It was discovered by Kbelda that the intermediate host of the worm was Gammarus. Since the Gammarus congregate on carcasses of andmals and eat them voraciously, it aids the propagation of the worm in cf._:éstion a great deal to leave carcases of fish. The worms are found in the northern part of Honshu, Hokkaido and Sakhalin. Their hosts! in addition to the aforementioned Oncorhvnchus keta (Walbaum), Oncorhynctus masou (BREVOORT), and Salmo irideus (GIBBONS), include Oncorhvnchus nerka and :Salveinus leucomaenis pluvius. It is believed that, of the 100 adult Salmo irideus (Gibbons), more than half are infected by this parasite. However,. the number of deaths, which. can be attributed to the infectioh, is at present relatively small - only one or two a month. Hoe-wer, at one time at this hatchery a large number of fry was infected and.killed. Good results were obtained after ponds had been dried and the Gammarus had been eradicated. References 1. Koshida, Tokujiro. On a nematode parasitic on fish of the salmon family. Hokkaido Syisan Zasshi, Vol. 5, No. 12, 2. Koshida, Tokujiro Survey of nematodes parasitic on fish reared in hatchery. The third report of the Hokkaido Suisan Shikenjo. 3. Ishii, Shigeyoshi On a nematode parasitic in the swim bladders of trout in Japan. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, Vol. 28, No Fujita, Tsunenobu Vermes parasitic on fish in Lake Biwa, (2). Dobutilsgaku Zasshi, Vol. 39, No Fujita, Tsunenobu On a nematode parasitic in the swim bladder of the salmon family. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, Dr. Natase Memorial Issue. 6. Ishii, Shigeyoshi Parasites on fish. of Japan. Iwanami Lecture Series on biology, No. 18. [page 1452] Fig. 1: a - Vestibulum b - Anterior esophagus c - Nerve ring. d - Posterior esophagus e - Intestines
9 - 7 - Table 1: a - Host b Salmo irideus (Gibbons) c Onçornyns masou (BREVVORT) d - Oncorhvnchus keta (Walbaum) Length of worm 2 - Length of anterior esophagus 3 - Length of posterior esophagus 4 - Anterior esophagus: Posterior esophagus ' In the No. 1 breeding ground, several year-old fry of Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) were reared mixed with those of Salim irideus (Gibbons). These were incised and examined under a microscope. However, only one of these was found to harbour in its swim bladder a single worm (d). Table 2: a - c - e Breeding centre Hokkaido Ho st Salmo milktschitsch Walbaum i - Oncorhynchus masou k (Brevoort) OnçorhygpLus keta (Walbaum)* b - d - f - h Aomori Prefecture Sakhalin Salmo irideus (Gibbons) Salmo irideus (Gibbons) Oncorhynchus (Walbaum) 1 - Length of worm 2 - Length of anterior esophagus 3 - Length of posterior esophagus 4 - Anterior esophagus: Posterior esophagus keta. Taken from the thesis of Dr. Fujita. In all cases, an average of 5 worms. Unit Mm. [page 1453] Table 3: a - Name of host b - Length of host c - Length of worm mm e - average mm' 1 - Oncorhynchus nerka 2 - Salmo irideus (Gibbons) 3 - Same as the preceding 4 - Salmo milktschitsch (Walbaum) 5 - Same as the preceding
10 Fig. 2. Morphology of tail In mature male. a - Papillae b - Folds in cuticle c - Tail d - Copulatory clasping hook e - Auxiliary copulatoryclasping hook ' [page 1454] Fig. 3. Exposed view of the swim bladder of Ôncorhynchus masou (Brevoort) to show the infection by worms. Approximately 300 worms were found. Fig. 4. Cross-sectional view of a healthy swim bladder structure a - Tunica externa b - Pillar-like single layer. Upper epithelium of interior surfaue of the swim bladder. c Adventitia connective tissue a+eind b will be missing where it is infectei by the worm. ced.: Resembles muscle structure; however, this is a connective tissue. e - Blood vessel f - Submucosa g - Dense connective tissue h - Flat single layer epithelium which covers the outmost layer of the swim bladder. Fig. 5.. Side view of area near the mouth of an adult worm. a - Vestibulum b - Anterior esophagus c - Nerve ring [rage 1455] Fig. 6. Side view of area near the mouth of immature worms. a - Vestibulum b - Anterior esophagus Fig. 7. Tail portion of larva molting. a - Lateral line b - Anus c - Anal muscle d - Molt of the inner surface of the rectum ' e - Molt f - Wen-like protuberance at the end of the tall of larvajemale.
Chapter 12 Part 2. The Worms Platyhelminthes, Nematoda & Annelida
Chapter 12 Part 2 The Worms Platyhelminthes, Nematoda & Annelida Phylum: Platyhelminthes Examples: Flatworms, Planaria sp., tapeworms and blood flukes Acoelomate, Invertebrate, Simplest critter w/ bilateral
More informationGeneral Characters of Trematodes
Parasitology Department General Characters of Trematodes By Hala Elwakil, MD Intended Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture, the student will be able to know: 1. General morphology of trematodes
More informationLumbricus terrestris - preserved specimens for dissection
Lumbricus terrestris - preserved specimens for dissection External Anatomy: Prostomium (observe under dissecting microscope for external sensory organs), peristomium, clitellum, setae (dissecting microscope),
More informationPerch Dissection Lab
Name: Block: Due Date: Perch Dissection Lab Background The fish in the class Osteichthyes have bony skeletons. There are three groups of the bony fish: ray-finned, lobe-finned, and the lungfish. The perch
More informationPerch Dissection Lab
Perch Dissection Lab Introduction: The fish in the class Osteichthyes have bony skeletons. There are three groups of the bony fish - -- ray-finned fish, lobe-finned fish, and the lung fish. The perch is
More informationMorphology and taxonomy of Salvelinema species (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae), swimbladder parasites of Pacific area salmonids
FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA 46: 123-131, 1999 Morphology and taxonomy of Salvelinema species (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae), swimbladder parasites of Pacific area salmonids (Dedicated to the memory of the late Dr.
More informationChapter 30 Nonvertebrate Chordates, Fishes, and Amphibians Name
Chapter 30 Nonvertebrate Chordates, Fishes, and Amphibians Name Lab Dissecting a Perch Background Information Fish are the largest group of vertebrates found in fresh and salt water. In fact, over 25,000
More informationUnit 19.2: Fish. Vocabulary fish spawning swim bladder
Unit 19.2: Fish Lesson Objectives Describe structure and function in fish. Explain how fish reproduce and develop. Give an overview of the five living classes of fish. Summarize the evolution of fish.
More informationBooklet translated by SREJ at CSDC 1
Name: Gr. : Booklet translated by SREJ at CSDC 1 This is the beginning of a new project about Aquaculture. Before we start, I would like to see what you already know about the subject. Write all the words
More informationEchinoderms Name Means: Echino- Spiny Derm- Skin About 7,000 species No Head! No Brain! No ventral, dorsal, posterior, or anterior sides! Do have oral (mouth) and aboral sides. Symmetry: Larvae are
More informationThe Animal Kingdom. Animal Kingdom. Characteristics of All Animals. Major Characteristics Used To Classify Animals
The Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom Phylums: 1. Sponges 2. Cnidaria Jelly Fish, Hydra 3. Flatworms Flukes, Tapeworms 4. Roundworms- Hookworms 5. Segmented Worms- Earthworms 6. Rotifera- Rotifers 7. Mullusca
More informationFish. Water Dwelling Animals
Fish Water Dwelling Animals Class Agnatha (Jawless fish) They are believed to be the most primitive and oldest vertebrates. Lamprey and hagfish are the only 2 living members of this class and are placed
More informationKingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Tetrapoda Class: Amphibia. Amphibian Classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Superclass: Tetrapoda Class: Amphibia Amphibian Classification Amphibian Amphibians are live the first part of their lives in the water and the
More informationa. Kingdom: b. Phylum: c. Class: d. Order: e. Family: f. Genus: g. Species:
Pre-lab Discussion: The earthworm belongs to a group of animals called annelids (segmented worms). The body of an annelid is usually divided internally and externally into well-defined segments, which
More informationWorm Essential Questions
1. What are the four major phyla of marine worms? (in order from least to most complex) Worm Essential Questions Marine Biology Platyhelminthes - flatworms Nemertea ribbon worms or proboscis worms Nematoda
More informationInternal Anatomy of Fish
Internal Anatomy of Fish The Systems of a Fish Skeletal System Muscular System Respiratory System Digestive System Circulatory System Nervous System Reproductive System Special Organs Skeletal System
More informationSymmetry. Asymmetrical- no shape. Radial- same in half when cut any angle. Bilateral- having a distinct right and left side
Symmetry Asymmetrical- no shape Radial- same in half when cut any angle Bilateral- having a distinct right and left side Invertebrates 95% of Animals No Backbone The simplest animals and they do not have
More informationKingdom Animalia. Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack Cell Walls
Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack Cell Walls Must do: Feed, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Response, Movement, and Reproduction Symmetry Asymmetrical- no shape Radial- same
More informationDogfish Shark Dissection
Dogfish Shark Dissection Name Date Period Fun Facts: Materials: The teeth of sharks are modified scales embedded in the skin of its mouth Sharks have pits on their face used to detect electric fields Sharks
More informationLife Cycles. Fry: begin feeding (fry can undergo several more developmental stages, which vary by species, as they mature into juveniles.
Life Cycles Fish life cycle - general Eggs + sperm fertilized eggs after temperature-dependent development hatch into - Larvae: live off a yolk sac, this stage is often referred to a sac fry. When the
More information-8- spinous. nape caudal fin. body depth. pectoral fin. anus. total length Fig. 4
click for previous page -8-1.3 Illustrated Glossary of Technical Terms and Measurements External Morphology and Measurements spinous dorsal fin soft nape caudal fin interorbital body depth snout lateral
More informationPacific Salmon and their Environment Salmon Anatomy and Dissection (Primary)
Science Unit: Lesson 14: Pacific Salmon and their Environment Salmon Anatomy and Dissection (Primary) Summary School Year: 2014/2015 Developed for: Developed by: Students watch as an adult dissects a salmon.
More informationName Per Date. HANDOUT Worms
UNIT 6 HANDOUT Worms Objectives: Observe the general characteristics of worms, explain how an worms is an animal, describe specialization in worms, describe the internal and external anatomy of segmented
More information27-4 Mollusks. Slide 1 of 43. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
1 of 43 What Is a Mollusk? What Is a Mollusk? Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell. Mollusks include snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopi... They are group together
More informationWorms: A Farmer s Best Friend
Worms: A Farmer s Best Friend Goal Teach students about life cycles by learning about worms and the ways they benefit the garden and farms. Through reading literature and completing hands-on activities,
More informationCharacteristics of Animals pp Topic 7: Animal Diversity Ch Symmetry pp Characteristics of Animals
Topic 7: Animal Diversity Ch. 32-34 Characteristics of Animals pp.704-705 Animals: Are eukaryotic Are multicellular Are ingestive heterotrophs Have no cell walls Most are motile Most have tissues organized
More informationUROMASTIX DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
UROMASTIX DIGESTIVE SYSTEM by Dr. Rashmi Tripathi Department of Zoology Brahmanand College, Kanpur DIGESTIVE SYSTEM : The digestive system consists of (A) Alimentary canal and (B) Associated digestive
More informationAnimal Diversity. Kingdom Animalia
7ch11 Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia Animal Characteristics 1. animals are eukaryotes and are multicellular 2. cells are specialized for different functions (vision,digestion,reproduction) 3. protein,
More informationCrayfish Dissection. Materials:gloves, preserved crayfish, paper towel, dissecting pan, scissors, forceps, dissecting. Background: LME-305
Living Science LME-305 Crayfish Dissection Materials:gloves, preserved crayfish, paper towel, dissecting pan, scissors, forceps, dissecting needle, dissecting pins, and pen or pencil Background: Like all
More informationARTHROPODS JOINTED-LEGS ARTHROPODS ARE THE LARGEST GROUP OF ANIMALS!
ARTHROPODS JOINTED-LEGS ARTHROPODS ARE THE LARGEST GROUP OF ANIMALS! WHO S WHO? SHRIMP ISOPOD SPIDER CRAB BARNACLE LOBSTER BASIC CHARACTERISTICS BILATERAL SYMMETRY SEGMENTED ANIMALS JOINTED BODY & PARTS
More informationPhylum Platyhelminthes. You will need: five colours of pencil crayon or pen (preferably blue, green, red, orange and purple)
Phylum Platyhelminthes You will need: five colours of pencil crayon or pen (preferably blue, green, red, orange and purple) Phylum Platyhelminthes bilaterally symmetrical have all 3 embryonic germ layers:
More informationWhat is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates. Most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills.
What is a Fish? Fishes are aquatic vertebrates. Most fishes have paired fins, scales, and gills. Feeding and Digestion Every mode of feeding is seen in fish herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders,
More informationFish Dissection Background
Fish Dissection Background Introduction Living things are similar to and different from each other. For example, when we look at the inside of a fish, we learn that the organ systems of fish are similar
More informationExternal Anatomy Dissection Guide
External Anatomy Dissection Guide Dissection is the cutting of a dead animal or a plant into separate parts for the purpose of careful and detailed examination and study. The external anatomy is as important
More informationThe Animals: Kingdom Animalia
The Animals: Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia (Animals) What is an Animal? Zoology- The study of Animals General Characteristics of 1. Animals are multicellular and eukaryotic. Animals 2. Animals consume
More informationIs a seahorse a fish, amphibian, or reptile? FISH
Ch. 30 Loulousis Is a seahorse a fish, amphibian, or reptile? FISH Vertebral Column (Endoskeleton) Gills Single-loop circulation Kidneys Also share all the characteristics of chordates such as notochord,
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 43. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 43 2 of 43 What Is a Mollusk? What are the defining features of mollusks? 3 of 43 What Is a Mollusk? What Is a Mollusk? Mollusks are soft-bodied animals that usually have an internal or external
More informationExercise 18B Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous Fishes
AP Biology Chapter 24 Exercise #18: Chordates: Fish Cartilaginous Fishes Lab Guide Exercise 18B Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous Fishes This group contains about 970 species that are characterized by
More informationFISH ANATOMY DIAGRAM AND QUESTIONS
Name Block FISH ANATOMY DIAGRAM AND QUESTIONS External: 1. What percentage of fish are bony fish? 2. What is the operculum s function? 3. The nostrils are used for, not. 4. Which fins keeps the fish level
More informationShark Lab Key. dorsal surface. click on picture for ventral surface
Shark Lab Key Study this basic information about the spiny dogfish shark. Print this Shark Lab Report Guide. Pre-Lab Research Study this website. It provides several useful videos of large shark dissections.
More informationDead Perch Parts. ACADEMIC STANDARDS: 4 th Grade B. Know that living things are made up of parts that have specific functions.
Dead Perch Parts Fish Anatomy Adapted from: An original Creek Connections activity created from the Fish Anatomy model. Grade Level: Intermediate or advanced Duration: 30 minutes Setting: classroom Summary:
More informationPhylum: Porifera (sponges)
Phylum: Porifera (sponges) (8,761 known species) General Description: Simplest animals, multicellular No organs or body systems Skeleton composed of spongin (soft) and spicules (hard) Symmetry: Asymmetrical
More informationFrog Dissection. PreLab: 1. Where do frogs get their energy? Draw a simple food chain to illustrate.
Name Date Frog Dissection Class # PreLab: Amphibian Reading As members of the class Amphibia, frogs may live some of their adult lives on land, but they must return to water to reproduce. Eggs are laid
More informationPhylum Mollusca. Includes snails and slugs, oysters and clams, and octopuses and squids.
Mollusks Phylum Mollusca Includes snails and slugs, oysters and clams, and octopuses and squids. Bivalves Nautilus Characteristics Soft-bodied invertebrate Covered with protective mantle that may or may
More informationEach unit contains components of most organ systems. Increased burrowing efficiency by permitting movement of segments
CHAPTER 17 Annelids Characteristics of the Phylum Annelida Diversity Exhibit segmentation or Bodies composed of units Each unit contains components of most organ systems Increased burrowing efficiency
More informationOne of largest flukes: 30 x 13 mm
One of largest flukes: 30 x 13 mm The adult parasites reside in the intra-hepatic bile ducts, produce eggs, and the eggs are passed in the host's feces. After passing through the first intermediate host
More informationLobsters, Crab and Shrimp
Lobsters, Crab and Shrimp Crustaceans Phylum: Arthropoda ( jointed feet ) Invertebrate Exoskeleton (made of chitin) protects body and provides a place for muscles to attach to. Segmented body Jointed appendages
More informationAppendix F: Ecology F-5C Pile Installation Demonstration Project Analysis of Tissues of Fish Exposed to Pile Driving
Appendix F: Ecology F-5C Pile Installation Demonstration Project Analysis of Tissues of Fish Exposed to Pile Driving Pile Installation Demonstration Project Analysis of Tissues of Fish Exposed to Pile
More informationFrog Dissection. External Observation
Frog Dissection External Observation Use the diagram below to locate and identify the external features of the head. Find the mouth, external nares, tympani (ear drum), eyes, and nictitating membranes
More informationWhat are Arthropods? General Characteristics. General Characteristics 5/14/2013. Phylum Arthropoda Biology 11
What are Arthropods? Phylum Arthropoda Biology 11 Segmented invertebrates Jointed appendages Exoskeleton Includes the most numerous and diverse animals on Earth They are found in virtually every habitat
More informationTitle: May 31 2:42 PM (1 of 23) Phylum Mollusca
Title: May 31 2:42 PM (1 of 23) Phylum Mollusca Title: May 31 3:25 PM (2 of 23) often referred to as mollusks second largest phylum has 7 classes only looking at 4 bilateral symmetry, true body cavity
More informationby David J. Riddell Gordonton Road, R.D.I., Taupiri
TANE 28,1982 EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF CAPTIVE-REARED GOBIOMORPHUS BASALIS (OSTEICHTHYES: ELEOTRIDAE) by David J. Riddell Gordonton Road, R.D.I., Taupiri SUMMARY A method for rrearing Cran's bully (Gobiomorphus
More informationGen Bio 2 Lab #10: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
Name: Date Gen Bio 2 Lab #10: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes Pre-Lab Reading: pages 687-690 Pre-Lab Vocabulary: 1) Ampullae of Lorenzini 2) Claspers 3) Lateral line 4) Ovoviviparous 5) Squalene 6) Viviparous
More informationFish Dissection. 1. Place the preserved perch on the dissecting tray. Locate the head region. Examine the eyes. 6. What is the name of these flaps?
Name: Date: Per: Introduction: Fish Dissection In this lab students will work within a group to learn from the dissection of a Perch. Dissection gives the student the opportunity to observe the location
More informationChapter 35. Table of Contents. Section 1 Mollusca. Section 2 Annelida. Mollusks and Annelids
Mollusks and Annelids Table of Contents Section 1 Mollusca Section 2 Annelida Section 1 Mollusca Objectives Describe the key characteristics of mollusks. Describe the body plan of mollusks. Name the characteristics
More information`Mollusks. may or may not form a hard, calcium carbonate shell. Trochophore Larva
`Mollusks Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied invertebrate covered with protective mantle that may or may not form a hard, calcium carbonate shell Includes chitons, snails, slugs, clams, oysters, squid, octopus,
More informationL9 Frog Dissection- External Page 1 of 7 STUDENT LABORATORY PACKET. Student s Name Modified from Prentice Hall Lab. Manual Lab Instructor Date Points
L9 Frog Dissection- External Page 1 of 7 STUDENT LABORATORY PACKET Lab 9: Bull Frog: External Examination Student s Name Modified from Prentice Hall Lab. Manual Lab Instructor Date Points Objective: 1.
More informationClass XI Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Biology
Class XI Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Biology Question 1: What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account? For the classification
More informationUnit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids
Unit 18.2: Mollusks and Annelids Lesson Objectives Describe invertebrates in the phylum Mollusca. Summarize the characteristics of annelids. Vocabulary Annelida deposit feeder gills heart mantle Mollusca
More informationClassification. Phylum Chordata
AP Biology Chapter 23 Exercise #17: Chordates: Urochordata & Cephalochordata Lab Guide Chordates show remarkable diversity. Most are vertebrates. All animals that belong to this phylum MUST, at some point
More informationDISSECTION 101 THE FROG
DISSECTION 101 THE FROG Dissection helps us understand how living things function. Dissection is analytical. Dissection is an adventure. Discussion Frog anatomy is unique in that it does resemble human
More informationBENSON PARK POND FISH SPECIES
BENSON PARK POND FISH SPECIES Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) From the Greek, lepomis means scaled gill cover and macrochirus means large hand, in reference to its body shape and size. Average adult size
More informationBody Plan of the Chordates. Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, blocks of muscle, post-anal tail
Chordata The Major Groups Invertebrate Chordates Fishes Class: Agnatha Class Condrichthyes Class Osteichthyes Class: Amphibia Class: Reptilia Class: Aves Class: Mammalia Body Plan of the Chordates Notochord,
More informationCHAPTER 22. Echinoderms 22-1
CHAPTER 22 Echinoderms 22-1 Phylum Echinodermata: Diversity and Characteristics Characteristics All members have a calcareous skeleton Spiny endoskeleton consists of plates Unique water-vascular system
More informationClass XI Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Biology
Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom Question 1: What are the difficulties that you would face in classification of animals, if common fundamental features are not taken into account? For the classification of living
More informationFish Anatomy (male) Handout 3.1a. Body cavity lining. Air bladder. Pyloric caeca. Muscle tissue. Kidney. Dorsal fin. Adipose fin.
65 Fish Anatomy (male) Handout 3.1a Body cavity lining Air bladder Gill cover Kidney Pyloric caeca Dorsal fin Muscle tissue Adipose fin Nostril Gall bladder Intestine Lateral line Mandible Maxilla Gill
More information26-3 Cnidarians Slide 1 of 47
1 of 47 What Is a Cnidarian? What is a cnidarian? 2 of 47 What Is a Cnidarian? What Is a Cnidarian? Cnidarians are soft-bodied, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around
More informationLECTURE 6 - OUTLINE. Evolution & Classification - Part II. Agnatha (cont.) Gnathostomata
LECTURE 6 - OUTLINE Evolution & Classification - Part II Agnatha (cont.) 6. Myxini 7. Cephalaspidomorphi Gnathostomata 1. Phylogenetic relationships 2. Placodermi 3. Acanthodii BIOL 4340 Lecture 6-1 Class
More informationFishes are vertebrates that have characteristics allowing them to live and reproduce in water.
Section 1: are vertebrates that have characteristics allowing them to live and reproduce in water. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the features of
More informationNATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi
NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi For office use only MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) Ref. No.: (please answer only relevant
More informationChapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms. Body Terms. Evolution has led to:
Chapter 28 Arthropods and Echinoderms Introduction to Arthropods jointed feet Most diverse and successful animals Over 750,000 species identified Segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages Body
More informationCopyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 17. Annelids 17-1
CHAPTER 17 Annelids 17-1 Characteristics of the Phylum Annelida Diversity Exhibit segmentation or metamerism Bodies composed of repeated units Each unit contains components of most MAJOR organ systems
More informationFreaky very odd, strange or eccentric
Fall 2016 Freaky Fish of Pennsylvania Fall is when many people enjoy celebrating Halloween. We decorate our homes with all things creepy, freaky and spooky. Often, when we think of creepy creatures, we
More informationUNIT 9 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LECTURE NOTES
UNIT 9 - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LECTURE NOTES 9.01 GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM A. Brings oxygenated air to the alveoli B. Removes air containing carbon dioxide C. Filters, warms, and humidifies
More informationLab Orientation and the Surface to volume ratio in animals
LAB ORIENTATION AND THE SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO IN ANIMALS - 1 Lab Orientation and the Surface to volume ratio in animals by Antoine Morin and Gabriel Blouin-Demers Lab Orientation Details of your activities
More informationFish Dissection. Background
Fish Dissection The Fish Dissection program at Hatfield Marine Science Center is a 50-minute hands-on program for 4th through 12th grade students. Students will work in small groups as they examine a variety
More informationSALMON FACTS. Chinook Salmon. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
SALMON FACTS Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Other names: king, tyee, blackmouth (immature) Average size: 10-15 lbs, up to 135 lbs Fall spawner; fall, spring, and summer runs Chinook salmon are
More informationMollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates
Mollusks Soft-bodied Invertebrates Phylum Mollusca Very diverse - more species of molluscs than any other group in the ocean. Phylum includes: Bivalves (2 shells); ex. Clam Gastropods (1 shell, coiled);
More informationName Date Period. Mollusk Review TORSION HEMOLYMPH SESSILE TROCHOPHORE ADDUCTOR KIDNEY HEMOCOEL MANTLE CHROMATOPHORES VISCERAL MASS
Name Date Period Mollusk Review MOLLUSK VOCABULARY: Match the word with its definition. TORSION HEMOLYMPH SESSILE TROCHOPHORE ADDUCTOR KIDNEY HEMOCOEL MANTLE CHROMATOPHORES VISCERAL MASS Free-swimming
More informationBivalved molluscs filter feeders
Class Bivalvia Bivalved molluscs have two shells (valves). Mussels, clams, oysters, scallops, shipworms. Mostly sessile filter feeders. No head or radula. Class Bivalvia Part of the mantle is modified
More informationO'opu Prints and Dissections
O'opu Prints and Dissections Tina Alcain Konawaena High School HCPS III Science Standards Addressed: SC.BS.4.6 Grade Level: 9 th -12th Project Time Span: 2-3 class periods To The Teacher: This lesson is
More informationSpiny skinned animals with radial symmetrical body plan. Rays emanating from a common center. Internal skeleton of hardened plates of calcium
Echinodermata Spiny skinned animals with radial symmetrical body plan. Rays emanating from a common center. Internal skeleton of hardened plates of calcium carbonate. Water vascular system and tube feet
More informationPhylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda Phylum Mollusca. By: Jerzylin, Beata & Jennifer
Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda Phylum Mollusca By: Jerzylin, Beata & Jennifer Phylum Platyhelminthes Common Characteristics: Triploblastic Bilateral Symmetry Protostome No true stomach structure
More informationPHYLUM CHORDATA: Subphylum vertebrata
PHYLUM CHORDATA: Subphylum vertebrata There are three basic characteristics that distinguish Phylum Chordata from all other animal phyla: The presence of a flexible, rod-like, internal supporting structure
More information/20 Lab #5 The Dissection of the Perch
/20 Lab #5 The Dissection of the Perch Perch are members of the class Osterichthyes, or bony fishes. They are found in many Canadian waters and are an excellent specimen of boney fish. Food enters the
More informationMollusks are soft bodied animals that have an internal or external shell, a similar body plan consisting of four basic parts: a foot, mantle, shell,
Mollusca Mollusks are soft bodied animals that have an internal or external shell, a similar body plan consisting of four basic parts: a foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass. Mollusks also possess a
More informationALBERTA CANCER REGISTRY
Cancer Care ALBERTA CANCER REGISTRY 2009 Annual Report of Cancer Statistics December 2012 ISSN: 1705-0251 Contents About The Alberta Cancer Registry... 2 Introduction... 3 Highlights... 3 Data... 3...
More informationCHAPTER 25 Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians
CHAPTER 25 Early Tetrapods and 25-1 Physical Adaptations: Oxygen content Movement Onto Land Oxygen is 20 times more abundant in air so terrestrial animals can obtain oxygen much more easily once they possess
More informationin Northern Alaska Dolly Varden & Arctic Char Distribution for Alaska and Chukotsk Peninsula
1 & Arctic Char in Northern Alaska & Arctic Char Distribution for Alaska and Chukotsk Peninsula 2 What is a char? Char are members of the family Salmonidae and the genus Salvelinus. The family Salmonidae
More informationClam Dissection. Introduction. Taxonomy
Introduction The phylum Mollusca includes snails, clams, chitons, slugs, limpets, octopi, and squid. As mollusks develop from a fertilized egg to an adult, most pass through a larval stage called the trocophore.
More informationSOUTH AFRICAN PONY CLUB
SOUTH AFRICAN PONY CLUB Worm Control Achievement Badge Workbook Objectives: Key points: To understand the main worms affecting horses, To know how we aim to manage worm burdens in horses and ponies To
More informationChapter 12 Marine Fishes
Chapter 12 Marine Fishes Marine Protochordates Phylum: Chordata (nerve cord) Subphylum: Protochordata first chordates/primitive Primitive species of marine vertebrates Do not have advanced features (backbone)
More information!"#$%&'() Mola mola *+,+-./
Mola mola 2008 Summary A study on the reproductive biology of ocean sunfish Mola mola Toshiyuki akatsubo 1. Introduction Ocean sunfish, Mola mola, which belongs to the family Molidae in the order Tetraodontiformes,
More informationAnimal Diversity : Dissection of the Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Animal Diversity : Dissection of the Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Objectives Examine the internal and external anatomy of trout. Compare and contrast the trout and the squid Introduction Phylogeny is
More informationCoelomate Worms: Sipunculans, Pogonophorans, Echiurans and Vestimenifera
Coelomate Worms Coelomate Worms: Sipunculans, Pogonophorans, Echiurans and Vestimenifera Ectoderm Mesoderm Dt Endoderm Coelom Often dismissed as minor or lesser Comprise less than 600 species total Never
More informationMarine Fishes. Chapter 8
Marine Fishes Chapter 8 Fish Gills The construction of the gill is the same in all fish gill arch supports the entire structure, gill rakers are on the forward surface of the gill arch and gill filaments
More informationCorydoras aeneus (Bronze Corydoras)
Corydoras aeneus (Bronze Corydoras) Family: Callichthyidae (Plated Catfish) Order: Siluriformes (Catfish) Class: Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fish) Fig. 1. Bronze corydoras, Corydoras aeneus. [http://www.planetcatfish.com/images/mid(r)/siluriformes/callichthyidae/corydoras/aeneus/1.jpg,
More informationI. Evolutionary Perspective. Chapter 12. II. Molluscan Characteristics. A. Regions of Molluscan Body 11/2/10
I. Evolutionary Perspective Chapter 12 Molluscan Success Some of the world s best predators Large brains Complex sensory structures Rapid locomotion Grasping tentacles Tearing mouthparts Have been around
More informationNATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi
NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields
More informationTREMATODE INFECTION RATES OF FISH FROM A WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACTORY POLISHING POND AND A CANAL IN PHUKET, THAILAND
TREMATODE INFECTION RATES OF FISH FROM A WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACTORY POLISHING POND AND A CANAL IN PHUKET, THAILAND D Krailas, T Janecharat, S Ukong,W Junhom, S Klamkhlai, N Notesiri and P Ratanathai
More information