Skill Acquisition and Injury Prevention. Rod Havriluk, Ph.D. Swimming Technology Research
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1 Skill Acquisition and Injury Prevention Rod Havriluk, Ph.D. Swimming Technology Research
2 Swim Practice
3 Hand Force Analysis Human Biomechanical Model
4 Who is the Olympian? 1 2
5 Who is the Olympian? 3 4
6 Who is the Olympian?
7 Performance Factors Less Competitive Average More Competitive Strength Peak Hand Force (lbs) Conditioning Max Oxygen Uptake (ml/kg/min) Technique Drag Coefficient
8 Technique Model Model Olympians?
9 Breaststroke Olympian
10 Breaststroke Olympian
11 Breaststroke Olympian
12 Breaststroke Olympian
13 Technique Model Model Olympians? Quantify Technique Model Superhumans? Swim like.
14 Technique Model Apply Physics Quantify Technique
15 Shoulder Anatomy
16 Prevalence of Shoulder Injury Over 50% Reported Injury (Haupenthal, et al., 2006) Over 67% Suffered Injuries (Rodeo, 2011) Up to 80% Experienced Pain (McMaster & Troup, 1993) Up to 65% Suffer Problems (Cleveland Clinic, 2014)
17 Shoulder Stress
18 More Shoulder Stress
19 Maximum Shoulder Stress
20 Maximum Shoulder Stress
21 Test Preparation
22 Video and Force Data
23 Shoulder Stress
24 Minimal Force
25 Exposure Time =.35 sec
26 Less Stressful Entry
27 Less Stressful Entry
28 Exposure Time =.25 sec
29 Less Stressful Entry
30 Exposure Time
31 Exposure Time Force Begins Hands Submerge Below Shoulders Force Ends 43% Time (sec) Becker & Havriluk, 2010
32 Effective Entry
33 Elbows Above Hands
34 Downward Angle
35 Hands Below Shoulders
36 Begin Pull
37 Downward Entry Angle
38 Eliminate Exposure Time
39 Begin Pull
40 Butterfly Arm Drill
41 Butterfly Arm Drill
42 Butterfly Arm Drill
43 Butterfly Arm Drill
44 Butterfly Arm Drill
45 Butterfly Arm Drill
46 Butterfly Arm Drill
47 Key Practice Tips 1. Only 3 arm motions 2. No head, body, or leg motion 3. Watch arm entry 4. Don t swim fly!
48 Improvement Example March June December 2013
49 Number of Injuries Injury by Age Shoulder Other Age Abgarov, 2012
50 Injury by Specialty Haupenthal et al, 2006
51 Freestyle Arm Entry
52 Number of swimmers Hand Entry Position Above Shoulders Shoulder Level Below Shoulders Becker & Havriluk, 2011
53 Typical Arm Entry Female Male
54 Hand Entry Position Number of Swimmers Left Right Left Right Left Right Above Shoulder Shoulder Level Below Shoulder Male Female Becker & Havriluk, 2014
55 Typical Female Arm Entry
56 Typical Male Arm Entry
57 Effective Arm Entry
58 Exposure Phase
59 Typical Arm Entry
60 Exposure Time =.2 sec
61 Exposure Time Right * Left * Time of Exposure (sec) Male Female Becker & Havriluk, 2014
62 Effective Entry
63 Elbow Above Hand
64 Downward Angle
65 Hand Below Shoulder
66 Begin Pull
67 Key Practice Tips 1. Short-distance swims 2. Slow stroke rate 3. Minimal breathing 4. Watch arm entry
68 Effective Arm Entry
69 Overlaps in Propulsion
70 Traditional Practice
71 Type of Practice Traditional Deliberate (Ericsson et al, 1993) * System for Skill Learning (Hiddlestone, 2014)
72 Mastery of Streamline There were 30 swimmers at Olympics or more could not streamline properly. Canadian Coach, 2014
73 Streamline Cues
74 Clear instructions Deliberate Practice
75 Clear Instructions KINESTHETIC VISUAL
76 Clear instructions Deliberate Practice Appropriate task difficulty
77 Course Length 5 m 7 m
78 Butterfly Arm Drill
79 Butterfly Arm Drill
80 Butterfly Arm Drill
81 Butterfly Arm Drill
82 Deliberate Practice Clear instructions Appropriate task difficulty Sufficient number of repetitions
83 Number of Reps Control Adjustment Make Adjustment Permanent
84 Deliberate Practice Clear instructions Appropriate task difficulty Sufficient number of repetitions Immediate feedback
85 Immediate Feedback Individual Group Reinforce Positive Elements Adjust Limiting Factors System to Evaluate and Track Skill Competitions
86 Deliberate Practice Clear instructions Appropriate task difficulty Sufficient number of repetitions Immediate feedback Individualized supervision
87 USRPT Ultra-Short Race-Pace Training (Rushall, 2013) More Time for Skills Maintain Technique at Race Pace
88 Deliberate Practice Clear instructions Appropriate task difficulty Sufficient number of repetitions Immediate feedback Individualized supervision Variety of learning strategies
89 Quantitative Analysis
90 Exposure Time
91 Effective Motion
92 Deliberate Practice Clear instructions Appropriate task difficulty Sufficient number of repetitions Immediate feedback Individualized supervision Variety of learning strategies Stay in cognitive and associative stages
93 Deliberate Practice Clear instructions Appropriate task difficulty Sufficient number of repetitions Immediate feedback Individualized supervision Variety of learning strategies Stay in cognitive and associative stages Replicate superior performance
94 Traditional Practice Havriluk, 2003
95 Deliberate Practice Jefferies, et al 2012
96 Deliberate Practice Butterfly * Backstroke Breaststroke * Freestyle Improvement in Active Drag Coefficient (Effect Size) Havriluk, 2006
97 Deliberate Practice Butterfly Backstroke * Breaststroke * Freestyle Improvement in Active Drag Coefficient (Effect Size) Havriluk, 2014
98 Practice Effect Havriluk, 2003, 2006, 2014
99 Summary Model with Science Quantify Technique Practice Deliberately
100 Who is the Olympian? Montgomery Spitz Hall Schleihauf, 1979
101 swimmingtechnology.com Thank you. Questions?
The effect of deliberate practice on the technique of national calibre swimmers
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