Northwest Ferns. by Gayle Hammond

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1 Northwest Ferns by Gayle Hammond

2 Content: General Parts Sword Fern Bracken Fern Licorice Fern Lady Fern Deer Fern Giant Chain Fern Spreading Wood Fern Coastal Wood Fern Maiden Fern Shasta Fern Oak Fern Indian Dream Fern Test Your Memory

3 Parts of a Fern Frond ( twice divided leaflet or twice pinnately compound,) Fiddleheads (uncurling fronds) Frond (once divided or once pinnate) Rhizome underground stem Scales Stipe (leafstalk) Roots

4

5 Details found on back of fertile leaflets Sori (fruit dot) Sporangia (spore cases) Indusium (shield like cover of a sori) Sori are clusters of tiny, spore-bearing sporangia. Sori fruit dots are often covered by a membrane: a) circular b) hooded c) horseshoe shaped d) worm or link shaped c. a. b. d. naked sori (no membrane)

6 Underside of leaflet with many spore-producing sporangia.

7 Types of Ferns

8 Sword Fern Height: 3-4 feet Individual leaflets of the fronds resemble a sword, giving this fern its name. The plants are evergreen and used extensively in flower arrangements.

9 Sword Fern

10 Sword Fern

11 Sword Fern

12 Bracken Fern Height 4 to 5 Feet Single stalk..like a tree Multiple branching stems and triangular-shaped fronds Leathery and coarsetextured leaves Food source: fiddleheads and rhizomes

13 Bracken Fern

14 Stalk base is usually 3 feet before leaflets Bracken Fern

15 Bracken Fern

16 Licorice Fern 1 Foot long and is a sparse fern; doesn t grow in clumps The rootstock creeps under thick moss Single leaflet grows out from rootstock in the thick moss on tree trunks or rocks Roots taste like licorice

17 Licorice Fern

18 Licorice Fern

19 Lady Fern Height: 2-3 feet Large and graceful Widest at center; tapers at top/bottom..like a football or diamond! (A lady s best friend) Grows along streams and in damp shady forest.

20 Lady Fern

21 Lady Fern

22 Lady Fern

23 Deer Fern Height: 2 FEET and has two distinctive fronds: fertile and non-fertile The fertile (spore-bearing) fronds are long and narrow, standing erect. The nonspore-bearing fronds are thicker and grow in shorter clusters around them. Resembles a head of grain. Fronds taper toward each end. They favor deep, wet forests. Deer like to eat these ferns, hence its common name, deer fern.

24 Deer Fern

25 Deer Fern

26 Deer Fern

27 Deer Fern

28 Giant Chain Fern Largest American fern (3 9 feet tall) Leaflets spear pointed Course segments Used for basket weaving

29 Giant Chain Fern

30 Sori chained on leaflets

31 Giant Chain Fern

32 Spreading Wood Fern Height: 2 feet or more Fine lacy look Lower leaflets are larger; giving the whole leaf a broad-triangular shape

33 Spreading Wood Fern

34 Coastal Wood fern 1-2 feet long in graceful clumps, with ruffled looking leaflets Found on steep wooded slopes or on sunny riverbanks along the Pacific Coast. Bright green, feels soft

35 Coastal Wood fern

36

37 Coastal Wood fern

38 Maidenhair Fern 1 to 2 feet in height The soft and delicate fronds circle around tops of wiry black stems Clusters of fringed leaflets. Along riverbanks Black stems used in basketry

39 Maidenhair Fern

40

41 Oak Fern Small delicate fern 12 inches tall Leaves 2-7 long by 2-5 wide Divides into 3 triangular leaflets Grows in moist cool areas

42 Oak Fern

43 Good for delicate ground cover in the shade

44 Indian Dream Fern Small crowded 10 fern Leaf blade: triangular composed of many leaflets; pointed tips; on long dark brown stalks Grows in rocky areas and native to western NA

45 Indian Dream Fern

46 Indian Dream Fern

47 Shasta Fern Grows in mountainous habitat Oval leaflets overlapping, appear almost cylindrical Edges are cut or toothed Produces several narrow erect lance-shaped stalks

48 Shasta Fern

49 Test Your Memory

50 Sword Fern

51 Licorice Fern

52 Lady Fern

53 Coastal Wood fern

54 Deer Fern

55 Lady Fern Giant Chain Fern

56 Sword Fern

57 Bracken Fern

58 Spreading Wood Fern

59 Maidenhair Fern

60 Shasta Fern

61 Oak Fern

62 Lady Fern

63 Deer Fern

64 Licorice Fern

65 Bracken Fern

66 Indian Dream Fern

67 The End

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