2012 NCAA Best Practices for Line Judges
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1 2012 NCAA Best Practices for Line Judges This document is a supplement to the line judge training video. It outlines several protocols and techniques that are advocated for use by top-tier line judges. Complete line judge training tools and certification opportunities are available from PAVO; details can be found on the PAVO website ( Pre-Match Uniform and Travel Attire. Check uniform prior to the season and prior to each match. If sweaters are needed, due to the facility temperature, both line judges should wear them. Keep in mind, however that many line judges do not even own an officiating sweater. Sweaters should fit appropriately. White crew sweatshirts embroidered with "Certified Volleyball Official" are not appropriate. Dress in a professional manner anytime you are at the playing facility and not in uniform to work, including arriving to and departing from matches, as well as tournament matches where you are not assigned. Some conferences allow line judges to arrive in uniform. Pre-Match Briefing with First Referee. The line judges should arrive at the site at least 45 minutes before match time as that allows the first referee to conduct the pre-match briefing with the line judges in the locker room prior to going to the court. If that is not possible, the first referee will conduct the pre-match briefing courtside, but not on the playing surface, at some point after the coin toss. During the pre-match briefing, the first referee will assign the line judges to their positions, unless they have previously been assigned. LJ1 is nearest the first referee and LJ2 is on the bench side of the court. (Since NCAA currently only uses two line judges, LJ2 is the appropriate title, not LJ3.) It is recommended that the line judges enter the court area together at the 30-minute mark. Take time to assess the surroundings, such as, court markings, amount of free space, obstructions, legal space for pursuit, TV cameras, lighting, etc. (In a tournament setting, it is not necessary to be courtside 30 minutes prior to match time, after your first match. The line judges should take a position behind the score table until the time comes to warm-up their eyes. Pre-Match Briefing with Fellow Line Judge. Decide on rolled-up flag location during timeouts (in front or behind). If the pursuit rule is in effect, identify a stationary point on both the first and second referee s side of the court in line with the imaginary center line extension. (For example, the TV monitor on the score table is completely on my half, the stairs behind the first referee are completely on the other half, the seated position of the libero tracker is on my half.) This helps to ensure that both line judges show the correct signal out, touch, pursuable or antenna fault.
2 Page No. 2 Warming Up Your Eyes. This exercise is an opportunity to observe the court surface and markings, types of arm swings and shot selections, speed of the ball and types of serves; it provides stimulus to mentally prepare for the match. It is appropriate to stand upright during this pre-match exercise. The line judges should stand without a flag. At the 11-minute mark, most teams engage in a 6-on-6 for their last 5-minute segment of warm-up; both line judges should take their base position. Occasionally, a line judge should take a position on the end line extension. (Be aware that part of a team's warm-up may be to serve the last portion of their 5 minutes.) There is no prescribed length of time to warm-up your eyes. Antenna Check. As the line judges and referees take their positions for introductions, each line judge checks the tautness and position of their antenna. This task should be completed prior to the National Anthem. Position During Lineup Check. Each line judge will take a position approximately 10 feet straight back from their base position on the imaginary extension of the sideline. After the second referee delivers the game ball to the first server, each line judge rolls or tosses their game ball to the appropriate ball retriever and then takes their base position at the intersection of their sideline and end line. If a four-ball rotation is used, LJ1 will take two game balls to their starting position and give one to the nearest ball retriever and one to the retriever in the middle behind the first referee. During the Match When a server takes a position in preparation to serve that is within 3-5 feet of a line judge's base position, move to the default position behind the server on the sideline extended. When positioned behind the server, remain stationary until after the ball is contacted. Remember to stop moving in order to correctly judge an antenna fault or sideline call, even if you have not arrived at your base position. When the server's location requires a position adjustment by the line judge, the first referee may instruct the line judge to move to an alternate position on the end line extension to assist with a potential foot fault. (Occasionally, not enough room may exist behind the server as she may prefer to go back as far as the spectators or a wall.) Take the alternate position only when directed by the first referee. Occasionally, a server changes her mind in regard to the desired location to begin her service. If a server alters her position by moving toward a line judge and the line judge does not have sufficient time to make the adjustment, it is acceptable to take the alternate position on the end line extended.
3 Page No. 3 At the moment of ball contact, the server cannot touch the court or the end line. The server must be within the serving area, but can be on the hash marks, but not contacting the floor outside either sideline extension. Timeout Protocol When the second referee whistles to acknowledge a timeout request, LJ1 retains their position while LJ2 walks outside the court along the end line. The line judges should roll up their flags. When LJ2 reaches LJ1's sideline, both line judges walk toward the first referee's stand to their timeout positions. Each line judge straddles the attack line extension with their flags held in front or behind them with both hands. The line judges should decide the position of the flags prior to the match. Converse with the first referee only if they engage you or you have something important to share about crowd behavior. If cheerleaders encroach in your area during a timeout, both line judges move nearer to the first referee stand. If speed wipers are mopping the front zone, it is acceptable to back up along the attack line extensions while standing parallel with the first referee and the other line judge. If one line judge has to back up, both should back up. At the 15-second warning whistle to end the timeout or when both teams seem to be ready to resume play, both line judges give a glance toward each other to ensure that they leave their timeout position at the same time and return to their base position. End of Set Protocol Both line judges gather the game balls and take their timeout position at the attack lines on the first referee's side. After both team's participants have changed benches, both line judges walk across the court and place the game balls at the score table. The line judges sit behind the score table if chairs are provided. If no chairs are available, the line judges stand behind the score table if room is available. If there is no space behind the score table, the line judges should gather the game balls, return them to the table, and may choose to get a drink of water. The line judges shall pick up their game ball and flag, walk across the court along their attack line to their time out position on the first referee's side of the court. If the teams are using the court, the line judges will each walk around their court. The line judges will leave their positions at the 30-second whistle and return to the pre-match position - 10 feet back from their base position. If line judges are sitting or standing behind the score table, by the 30-second mark, they should pick up their game ball and flag and resume the pre-match position (10 feet back from their base position). LJ1 and LJ2 walk outside their sideline to their pre-match position. LJ1 does not walk across the court with the first referee. In between sets, if sitting at or standing behind the score table, discuss with your partner servers who have a tendency to serve near the line judge s base position and those who may be close to the line when they serve.
4 Page No. 4 End of Set 2 & Beginning of Set 3 The protocol between sets will be consistent, including between sets 2 and 3. The first referee does not join the line judges as they deliver the game balls to the score table. An intermission exit plan and a post-match exit plan should be discussed in the locker room (or courtside briefing) prior to each match and shared with event management. After intermission and the 30-second whistle by the second referee, the line judges gather their game ball and flag and return to their pre-match position 10 feet back from their base. LJ1 and LJ2 walk outside the bench sideline to their pre-match position. LJ1 does not walk across the court with the first referee. Position during the Deciding Set Coin Toss After gathering the game balls, the line judges will take their timeout position at the attack lines on the first referee's side of the court and wait until the coin toss is complete. If the teams are switching courts, the line judges wait until all participants have changed benches and then take the game balls to the score table. If teams do not switch courts, wait until the area near the score table has cleared and then return the game balls to the table. The line judges will take their between-set position. Position during Injury Use common sense. Move away from the area and stay away until the injury is resolved. If it appears that the team cannot move the injured player quickly, both line judges should take their timeout position on the first referee's side of the court. If the injury is near the time out position and it appears that medical assistance has been called, the line judges should go behind the score table. End of Match Protocol All officials should leave the court together. The line judges do not gather the game balls at the end of the match. Flags may be returned to the score table or carried to the locker room and returned later to the event management. Line judges who use their own flags simply take them to the locker room. During the post-match debrief, line judges need to engage in the discussion pertinent to the line judge duties or calls. Refrain from criticizing your fellow officials. Be a good team player. Some conferences do not require line judges to participate in a post-match debriefing. Be sensitive to the conference expectations and do not force anyone to debrief. Line Judge Reminders Maintain a professional demeanor before, during and after a match. Avoid overly familiar contact with spectators, players or coaches throughout the event. Get your eyes to the line before the ball, but only after you have determined that no player is in position to make a play on the ball.
5 Page No. 5 Face the line, stay with the ball that is coming near your position. If necessary, take the hit for the team if necessary and then recover. Be alert to a player or players coming toward you to chase a ball. Avoid going in the direction of the ball. If you have an opinion about a touch, antenna fault or pancake, make a signal regardless of the side of the court. If you do not have an opinion, do not mimic your partner's signal. Check your touch signal in the mirror. The arm that is signaling the touch should be parallel to the floor, with the hand at chin level not necessarily directly under the chin. Present the touch to the first referee by keeping the flag away from your chest and make eye contact. In order to sell a line call, hold the call momentarily and then look at the first referee while still holding the call. Avoid any dialogue with players, coaches or spectators. Continue eye contact with the first referee. If the ball contacts an antenna, a vertical tape marker over the antenna, a portion of the net outside the antenna, the straps or cables signal an antenna fault. Either line judge can call a fault on either antenna. The line judges are responsible for calling a fault if the ball touches the antenna, not a player. When an antenna fault requires additional information, indicate the team at fault. To indicate a fault by the team on the near side of the net, give the antenna fault signal and then extend the right arm toward the center of that court. If the team on the opposite side of the net committed the fault, extend the left arm straight out along the sideline. When moving to judge a wide ball being returned to the opponent, be cautious not to move too far from base position. Recover to your line quickly in case you need to call a ball landing near a line. It is important that line judges know the pursuit rule and are prepared to assist the referees in determining whether the ball was played over or outside the antenna both in pursuit of an errant ball and the path of the returned ball.. If the ball is pursuable, the line judges need to indicate so with an extended arm and fisted hand. Anticipate pancakes by reading the tip, off-speed shot, short serve or ball coming off a block. Move like a defender in order to get a good look at the pancake. Typically, you do not need to move more than two or three feet. Refrain from moving unnecessarily to avoid being a distraction. When a player chases a ball off the court and unsuccessfully attempts to pancake the ball, signal that the ball hit the floor by pointing the flag down, and then follow with a touch signal. When your team is chasing an errant ball beyond the end line (not toward you), do not automatically move with the player(s) unless a reason exists to move to continue to see the play. If the player's only chance to make a play is a pancake, you may follow the player to make sure that the ball does not hit the floor. Return to your corner as quickly as possible. If the player has a legitimate opportunity to play the ball by staying on her feet and appears to be able to use a forearm skill and there are no obstructions, do not follow the player.
6 Page No. 6 If a player, other than a server, is habitually outside the court markings, it is appropriate to tell the first referee during a time out. Give the player's number and location. It is no longer part of the line judges' duties to call a non-serving player for being off the court. Occasionally, the first referee may overrule a call by a line judge. Remain poised while dropping the signal and prepare for the next play. The snap during the call gives the appearance of assuredness. Eliminate the flag snap after the call. Style is good, but show-boating is unacceptable! Line Judges are an integral part of the officiating crew. Thank you for your dedication and cooperation in demonstrating the NCAA line judge prescribed protocol and techniques and for promoting consistency throughout the country. Joan Powell NCAA National Coordinator
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