Running Gait Mechanics. Walking vs Running. Ankle Joint Complex Sagittal Plane. As speed increases, when has walking ended and running begun?

Transcription

1 Running Gait Mechanics Walking vs Running As speed increases, when has walking ended and running begun? Ankle Joint Complex Sagittal Plane 1

2 Ankle Joint Complex Sagittal Plane 5 o DF Absorption 15 o DF Generation 35 o PF Peak DF = 2 o Ankle Sagittal Plane 25 DF sd -2 PF +sd -25 Ankle Joint Complex Frontal plane Ankle Joint Complex Frontal Plane 5-1 o INV 15 1 INV Rearfoot Frontal Plane Loading 5-1 o EV Propulsion 5-1 o INV Peak EV 5-1 o EV EVER -sd +sd 2

3 Rearfoot-Shank Coupling Subtalar joint believed to function as a mitered hinge Converts rearfoot eversion/ inversion into tibial internal/ external rotation (Adapted from Inman, 1976) Rearfoot-Shank Coupling Transverse Rearfoot-Shank Coupling 15 INV Tibia IR Rearfoot Frontal Plane 1 Tibia Transverse EVER Tibia ER -1 AS the rearfoot everts, the tibia int. rot (2:1). 3

4 Medial and Longitudinal Arch FS Raised Loading Collapses Propulsion Raises Knee Sagittal Knee Sagittal 15 o Loading FL 2-25 o Propulsion EXT 2-25 o Peak Knee FL 4-45 o Knee Sagittal Plane EXT FLEX sd +sd 4

5 Knee Frontal Knee Frontal o 1 8 ADD Knee Frontal Plane -sd +sd Loading ADD 3 o Propulsion ABD 5 o Peak Add 3-5 o ABD -8 Knee Transverse 5

6 Knee Transverse ER 1-12 o 1 5 IR Knee Transverse Plane Loading IR 1-15 o Propulsion ER 5 o Peak IR -5 o sd ER +sd -25 Hip Sagittal Hip Sagittal FL 3 o Loading FL -1 o Propulsion EXT 5 o Peak Hip FL 3-35 o Hip Sagittal Plane 4 FLEX -sd 3 +sd EXT -3 6

7 Hip Frontal Hip Frontal ADD 1 o 25 2 ADD Hip Frontal Plane -sd +sd Loading ADD 1 o Propulsion ABD 15-2 o Peak Hip ADD 15-2 o ABD -1 Hip Transverse 7

8 Hip Transverse IR 5-1 o Loading IR -5 o Propulsion ER 5-1 o Peak Hip IR 5-1 o Hip Transverse Plane 15 IR -sd +sd ER -1 Pelvis frontal Running Pelvis Frontal -5 o 15 1 CPE Pelvis Frontal Plane Loading DN 5-1 o Propulsion UP 5-1 o Peak down 5-1 o -5-1 CPD -sd +sd 8

9 Sag ANKLE KNEE HIP Frontal Trans Sag ANKLE KNEE HIP Frontal Trans Ground Reaction Forces bw bw.5 bw.2 bw Vertical Ant/Post Med/Lat 9

10 GRF Measurements Vertical Load Rate Average (75 bw/s) Instantaneous ALR 2-8% ILR Anterior-Posterior.4 POST(+) BW's ANT(- ) -.5 Anterior-Posterior.4.3 POST(+).2.1 BW's ANT(- ) -.5 1

11 Anterior-Posterior.4 POST(+) BW's ANT(- ) Lat(+) subject subject2 subject3 subject4 subject5.5 BW's Med(+) GRF Measurements Centre of GRF Pressure Path of the GRF Graph onto the foot 11

12 Landing patterns Rearfoot strike pattern (RFS) Most common (~8% of all runners) Land on heel Forefoot strike pattern (FFS) Less common in distance running (~1-2%) Land on forefoot sprinting Hasegewa et al., 27 Landing patterns Rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns are associated with different Vertical GRF s AVLR Rearfoot strike AVLR Forefoot strike Reduced initial load rates in FFS/MFS 12

13 RF angle at FS FFS greater: PF INV ABD RF angle in propulsion FFS greater INV ABD Landing patterns 13

14 Landing patterns FFS greater PF moment More negative work performed during loading Gender Differences Gender Differences 14

15 Gait Analysis Importance of Gait Analysis Important Component of Overall Clinical Assessment Each Person has their own fingerprint of gait Abnormal Gait patterns carry over into all functional activities Gait Analysis vs. Treadmill Motion Analysis System 15

16 Comparison of treadmill and overground mechanics Kinematics -Slightly shorter stride -Tend to land with a flatter foot (less dorsiflexed) -Otherwise, very little difference (Fellin et al., 28) Comparison of treadmill and overground mechanics, cont d Kinetics -Vertical GRF s the same -AVLR -VIP -Anterior-Posterior GRF s same -Medial-Lateral GRF s greater on the treadmill -Perhaps due to subjects limiting sideto side drift. Willy and Davis, 28 16