Toolbox of Alternatives

Transcription

1 Toolbox of Alternatives Mobility Enhancements Policy Improvements Travel Demand Management Other Geometric/Capacity/ Operational Improvements Access Management Safety Improvements Multi-Modal Improvements

2 POLICY IMPROVEMENTS Annual update Relevant and up-to-date standards Type and frequency of standard revisions Planned Review and Update Five year update Identify committees/groups or individuals to determine/implement Standards/Regulations revisions Residential Protects property values Limit development potential of existing land uses that don t Commercial Implements community goals conform with new standards Zoning and Subdivision Regulations Standardize setbacks requirements Standard TIA Requirements Provision of mitigation measures Application of reasonable ROW reservation periods Adhere to legal guidelines Transportation Entity Coordination Street Hierarchy Access Management Guidelines Office Define requirements by roadway functional classification Any development generating over 100 peak hour trips is required to complete a TIA Consistency and uniformity Equity in mitigation measures Leads decision makers Establish access spatial requirements Enhances safety Establish turn lane queue accommodation Enhances roadway throughput requirements ROW width requirements along property Accommodates future widenings and turn frontage lanes Property owners right to access Avoids lawsuits Developer proffers Eliminates potential implementation delays Monthly meetings with stakeholders from Communication various entities Consensus on important transportation Transportation Technical Advisory Committee topics Specific design standards by street Improves capacity classification Improves functionality Rural vs. Urban Roads Conservative spacing guidelines Safer development access Improves safety Improves operations Manages conflict areas Preserves infrastructure Promotes economic growth along a corridor Cost savings Preserves historic and/or environmentally Discourage development in some areas sensitive areas Long-term commitment and collaboration between municipality and proper owners Consistency and uniformity Local zoning ordinances may vary Consensus of TIA standards/thresholds Existing and future developable property access locations Duration of reservation period Local requirements of developers Goals and objective of each entity Turnover of personnel Comprehend the characteristics of the surrounding area Construction and maintenance costs Corridor characteristics

3 Residential Street Standards Narrower street design Improves safety Minimizes high volumes of traffic Discourages high speeds Functionality of the street Volume of traffic TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT Parking garage Facility cost savings Shared parking Improves quality of service Enforcement of regulations Unbundled parking Revenue generation Connectivity with other modes of transportation Price parking Reduces parking demand Determination of parking supply and demand Parking Management Regulate/enforce parking Remote parking/shuttle service Parking regulations o Time limits o Restrictions On-Ramp Metering Manages freeway traffic Off-Ramp Metering Decreases travel time Increased ramp delay and spill back Increases travel speed Enforcement Ramp Metering Increases capacity Decreases emissions Public acceptance and compliance Increase ramp emissions and fuel consumption Reduces crashes Potential to discourage other modes of transportation Ramp improvements Potential impacts to the local street network Freeway and Arterial Bottleneck Removal Ridesharing Emergency patrol vehicles Reduces volumes Reduces delay time Ridesharing administration costs Emergency patrol operational costs Dynamic Message Signs Reduces delay Closed-Circuit Television Fuel savings Location of technology Advanced Traffic Management System Increases safety Communications and integration ITS Technology Traffic Management Centers Improves travel time Standards of practice Traffic Incident Management Decreases emissions Interoperability with existing technologies Electronic Toll Collection Centralized operations and control Red Light Camera Flextime Reduce delay Dependent on businesses Alternative Work Schedules Compressed Workweek Increase capacity Large scale shift to make an impact Staggered shifts

4 Telecommute Working from home Reduce delay Increase capacity Decrease emissions Fuel economy Equipment/technology requirements for telecommuting Dependent on businesses OTHER IMPROVEMENTS Corridor Studies and Plans Thoroughfare Plans Access Management Plans Bicycle and Pedestrian Plans Comprehensive Plans Sets goals and objectives for the corridor Identifies problem areas Identifies land use changes Identifies future traffic operations Protection of transportation investments Identifies potential funding sources Master Plan of entire City/County/Town Outlines the goals and strategies Determines functionality of existing and future roadways Provides decision makers knowledge of future improvements Permits developers to design subdivisions in a non-conflicting manner Minimizes damage to property values Promotes community appearance Anticipates when funding strategies need to be programmed for improvements Statewide Preserves the functionality of roadway Citywide systems Complete Streets Plan Connectivity of different modes of Local/County Plan transportation Regional Plan Statewide Plan Identifies current conditions Identifies the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities of existing and future conditions Encompasses several key community components: Environment, Transportation, Cost of improvements Phased implementation of improvements May require collaboration between public and private agencies Adoption/Approval by public agencies Requires collaboration between public and private agencies May need to have schedule revision/update periods Adoption/Approval by public agencies Based on roadway classification/functionality Transit locations Requires collaboration between public and private agencies May need to have schedule revision/update periods Adoption/Approval by public agencies

5 Public Involvement and Education Design Standards Land Use Conflict Index Standardized Plan Process Outreach Strategies Public meetings Individual and small group interviews Public comment period Project website Roadway Design Transit Design Bicycle and Pedestrian Facility Design Establish Corridor Assessment Guidelines Establish Alternative Evaluation Measures of Effectiveness Public meetings Project Committees Agriculture, etc. Provides a framework for officials and the community Helps guide growth within the community Establishes priorities and implementation strategies Informs the public Allows for public input Gains consensus on standards and/or improvements Consistency and uniformity of design Promotes safe and efficient design elements Difficult to reach out to everyone Federal and state requirements for public involvement Design exceptions Various elements of design Identifies complimentary land uses to Value versus Development Preferences support economic development Diversifies land use types Consistency and uniformity Dealing with extraordinary atypical situations Informs stakeholders Gains consensus on standards and/or improvements Targets audience GEOMETRIC/CAPACITY/OPERATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS Installation of a traffic signal Increases intersection capacity Roadway speeds Improves safety Improves efficiency Increase in rear-end collisions Traffic Signalization Decreases delay Reduces angle collisions Controls pedestrian activity Revised signal timing plans Improves efficiency Closely spaced signals Interconnected signals Decreases delay Traffic Signal Timing and Phasing Coordination of signals Removes yellow trap Flashing Yellow Arrow Modify clearance intervals

6 Modify phasing (i.e. protected) Additional Lanes Install exclusive turn lanes Increases capacity Right-of-Way impacts (Through or Turn Lanes) Add through lanes Signal impacts Remove signals at ramps Increases capacity Construction and Maintenance costs Create free flowing ramps/loops Modify/Add Interchanges Interchange concepts Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI) Construct New Highways/Arterials Increases capacity Construction and Maintenance costs Frontage Roads Increases capacity Construction and Maintenance costs New Roadway Connections Internal Development Roads Additional routes New way finding signage Adjust storage and/or taper lengths Increases capacity Right-of-Way impacts Turn Lane Requirements/Modifications Increases queuing area Signal impacts Adjacent intersection impacts Roundabout Improves safety Continuous Flow Intersection (CFI) Reduces travel time Education of public regarding operations Displaced Left-Turn Intersection Reduces construction costs Right-of-Way Acquisition Alternative Intersection Design Median U-Turn Intersection Reduces impacts on the environment Restricted Crossing U-Turn Intersection Grade Separation Offset T-Intersection ACCESS MANAGEMENT Non-Traversable Helps delineate travel lanes, separating leftturns from through traffic Understanding median opening placement Type of median U-Turn Treatment Median without turn lanes Improves vehicle safety Sight distance Medians Median with turn lanes Improves pedestrian safety Median width Increases efficiency U-turn considerations Improves aesthetics Maintenance of medians Traffic Signal Spacing Controls the number of access points along The greater the frequency of access points, the greater the number Commercial Driveway Spacing a corridor of accidents. Spacing Corner Clearance Wider spacing allows for drivers to better respond to changing conditions Offset Left-Turn Lanes Improves sight distance for opposing leftturning vehicles Drivers initially may be confused by the change in traffic patterns Install advance guide signing and pavement markings Increases the overall width of the intersection, may cause potential

7 Reduces the potential for dangerous right angle crashes problems for pedestrians crossing Provide a refuge island in the median for pedestrians Reduces conflict points Scale and intensity of developments Enhances safety Potential for increased delay at consolidated intersections Lessens severity of crashes Improves mobility Increases connectivity Develops aesthetics Consolidation of Access Points Improves the functionality of a major roadway Roadway operates more efficiently, channeling the turns into more predictable locations. Minimizes the number of trips on the major arterial Frontage Roads Regular Frontage Roads Reverse Frontage Roads Proper use of frontage roads can help eliminate conflict points on major route Inadequately designed frontage roads can create additional conflict points and driver confusion regarding yielding the right-of-way Alternative Median Opening Configurations Full median crossover Directional crossover Right-In/Right-Out Directional median openings are appropriate for limiting cross traffic and exiting turns Scale and intensity of developments The more movements allowed, the more conflict points Provides geometry and a safe environment that accommodates the characteristics of various users Connection radius and flare Corner Clearance - Retrofitting corner clearances is both difficult and expensive Provides areas of smooth transitional flow Vehicle ground clearance Corner Clearance - reduces of interferences from side-street activity Clearance from fixed objects Driveway width Driveway grade Driveway Location and Design Driveway channelization Driveway length/circulation Auxiliary right-turn lanes Throat Transition Sight distance/intersection angle Driveway location/shared driveways Advanced warning Driveways and the pedestrian environment, ADA considerations Avoid driveways skewed from median openings, creates potential

8 Joint and Cross Access (Access Easements) Improves the operation and safety of the main highways Reduces the number of trips on primary roadway; thereby, preserving capacity Reduces number of driveways on major streets Encourages pedestrian trips Encourages shorter trips in autos Provides good access to all properties through the use of easements As property develops, local government can require owners provide for space for future public roads/accesses Helps local governments achieve level of service goals for weaving issues Functional/Influence area of adjacent intersections Transit stop locations Communication and consensus from multiple developers SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS Chevrons Advanced warning Over signing Signing Curve Warning Clear way finding Non-conventional applications Intersection Ahead Lane Utilization Arrow Clear delineation at intersections Minimal benefits Rumble Strips Reduces roadway departures Pavement Markings Edge Markings Night-time delineation Recessed Pavement Markers Add turn lanes Reduces crash frequency Costs may vary Flatten curves Improves vehicle throughput Geometry Minimize intersection conflict points Improve shoulder Install median Regulatory signs Reduces crash severity Can reduce vehicle throughput Speed Limit Speed feedback signage Often difficult to change

9 Sight Distance Street Lighting Guardrail/Median Barrier Clear Zone Traffic Calming Pavement Surface Regulatory Signal Operations Reduce sight obstructions objects, vegetation, etc. High mast lighting Street lighting Cable Concrete Metal Beam 5-foot buffer space 10-foot buffer space Vertical Deflections o Speed Hump/Table o Raised Intersection o Textured Pavement Horizontal Shifts o Traffic Circle Roadway Narrowing o Central Island Narrowing Condition Asphalt Permeable Pavement Textured Pavement Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) Transportation Safety Improvement Program (TSIP) Roadway Safety Audit (RSA) Revised signal timing plans Flashing Yellow Arrow Modify clearance intervals Modify phasing (i.e. protected) Minor costs May not control right-of-way Significantly increase night-time visibility Costs may vary Maintain consistent lighting levels Creates a barrier between travel lanes and Costs may vary potential hazards Better sight distance and visibility Reduces potential for crashes Reduces speed Volume control Better driving conditions Maintenance Costs may vary Provides funding for safety improvements Provides strict requirements Reduces crashes Enforcement of standards Improves efficiency Decreases delay Removes yellow trap No significant relationship between the fixed object density and the frequency of fixed object crashes More effective when clear zone remains consist Costs may vary Maintenance Spacing Maintenance Costs may vary

10 MULTI-MODAL IMPROVEMENTS Bus Increases capacity Trolley Provides alternative modes of travel Ridership Potential Light Rail Transit (LRT) Additional travel options Ridership Cost Transit Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Reduces congestion Revenue Potential Commuter Rail Location of transit stops, shelters, and routes Ferry Shelter Conditions Paratransit Connectivity of route and transit modes Striped/Exclusive Bike Lane Provides safer accommodations for Lighting of Pathways Shared Bike and Travel Lane pedestrians and bicyclists Facility Design Standards Bicycle and Pedestrian Multi-Use Paths Separation from vehicular traffic Maintenance of Facility (Context Sensitive Solutions) Sidewalk Connectivity of bicycle and pedestrian facilities Unpaved Trail Exclusive Carpool/Vanpool travel lanes Cost sharing (HOV/HOT Lanes) Less wear and tear on vehicles Setup and coordination of incentive programs Tax Breaks Time savings when dedicated lanes are used Carpool/Vanpool Program Incentives Free Parking Reserved Parking Reduced Price Parking Rewards Programs