AnyLogic pedestrian simulation projects for public buildings in France: museums, terminals, big shops
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1 AnyLogic pedestrian simulation projects for public buildings in France: museums, terminals, big shops Vladimir Koltchanov PhD, Director ANYLOGIC EUROPE AnyLogic Conference 2014 San Francisco, CA November 12 and 13 ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS
2 Contents Some information about Pedestrian simulation activity in France Why use micro scale agent based models? What is agent based pedestrian displacements model? Touristic and cultural pedestrians flow simulations (Louis Vuitton Foundation, Louvre, Grande Palais, Eiffel Tower) Railway and Metro Stations (Eurostar terminal, Montparnasse ) Airport terminals (Orly Sud terminal, Nice airport terminal) Big Paris Shops (Printemps) Some future projects ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 2
3 History. Pedestrian Model Types Pedestrian Models (active developments started since about the 1980s) Macroscopic (flows are simulated, no individual pedestrians are modeled) Microscopic (every pedestrian is presented as a specific matter) Gas kinetic model Waiting lignes Continuous space Discrete space (cellular automata) Social Force Model (geometrical, 1998 first French + Agent-based model, intelligence pedestrian simulation software PX4) ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 3
4 Why use micro scale agent based models? Macroscopic pedestrians flow models are not well situated for: Buildings or spaces with exceptional architecture Dynamically changes in the displacement conditions Origin/Destination data is often missing Extreme conditions such as escape need to be evaluated Need to take in account the individual behaviour of moving persons ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 4
5 Cellular automata Easy local rules Fast-to-calculate Can be well-calibrated Poor animation See Blue & Adler?? ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 5
6 Social Force Model Newton mechanics Realism Relatively slow calculations Very realistic animation Extended with higher level decision making logic See Helbing & Molnar Repulsion from other pedestrians target Driving force Resultant force Repulsion from walls and obstacles Inclination for attractors ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 6
7 Social Force Model (1) (2) (3) m dx i f i i dt dv ( t) i dt t ( t) v m i i t f v i 0 i t i t 0 t e t v t i i i Sum of social forces Random individual variation f ( i j) Pedestrians forces ij Walls forces w f iw Individual force D.Helbing, I.J.Farcas, P.Molnar, T.Vicsek, Simulation of Pedestrian Crowds in Normal and Evacuation Simulations. In: Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Springer, 2002 ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 7
8 events attractions transport Which facilities are modeled? Railway stations Metro stations Airports Car parks Pedestrian passageways Shopping malls Museums Amusement parks Stadiums Concert halls Worship facilities Street events (festivals, rallies, demonstrations) In general all the facilities where the arrangement of physical space for pedestrians affects throughput capacity, quality of service, and safety As well as production, warehouse and even movements of personnel in a kitchen ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 8
9 How are pedestrian models built with AnyLogic? 1 Facility plan/drawing 2 Space markup References to markup elements 3 Process description ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 9
10 Space Markup elements Walls Services (service points) and queues Target lines / pedestrian appearance lines Waiting areas / target areas Virtual corridors (pathways) Acceleration / deceleration areas ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 10
11 Process Description. Basic Blocks PedSource Creates pedestrians on a line, at a point or in an area with a given rate, according to a time schedule, etc. PedService Sets servicing parameters (where is a delay, the selection of a queue, etc.) PedGoTo PedSelectOutput Sets up an objective or a route Divides a passenger flow PedWait PedSink Sets waiting parameters (where to wait, in relation to time, until an event) Deletes passengers from the model ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 11
12 Process and Markup Connection ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 12
13 Measurements and Statistics in Pedestrian Models Metrics typical for discrete event models Queue lengths Waiting time Time in a system Utilization of service points (services) Metrics specific for pedestrian models Flow characteristics: the total number of passenger having passed through a section per a unit of time, the same quantity per a unit of length Density in a certain area: the number of passengers per square meter (average per a unit of time); density charts PedFlowStatistics PedestrianDensityMap ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 13
14 2D/3D animation ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 14
15 Complex behavior ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 15
16 Louis Vuitton Foundation, Paris, Frank Gehry Architect, 12 Sails building, more then 100 patents for this construction (with SETEC collaboration) ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 16
17 Modern Arts Galerie, Forum, Fashion Show ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 17
18 Modern Arts Galerie, Forum, Fashion Show Model elements Manifestations program, foundation's facilities (controls, checkrooms, restrooms, restaurants, ), attractiveness of exhibits, obstacles, circulation space, individual and group behavior, non predefined displacements in the building The criteria of project evaluation: global and local density, time of visit, individual visitors comfort ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 18
19 Forum simulation ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 19
20 Milo's Venus and Mona Lisa in the Louvre Museum, Eiffel Tower visitors, Grande Palais enter simulations ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 20
21 Eiffel Tower Background The more visited monument in the World The current throughput of the tower is insufficient to handle visitor flows The bottleneck is in the two upper levels of the tower where visitors spend too much time, partially because of poor flow management Goals The model was ordered by Eiffel Tower Operation Society to test several alternative scenarios of visitor flow management to determine if the traffic capacity of the Tower can be improved Model elements Floor plan Visitors routing policies Elevator number, capacities and travelling times, Visitors behavior (time spent at various attraction points) Eiffel Tower Demo ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 21
22 Metro station project simulation CNIT in Paris (with SETEC collaboration( ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 22
23 Metro station project simulation. Train platform level. Global and local density, platform transition time, escalators capacity ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 23
24 Metro station project simulation. Tickets Control level. Controls transaction time, circulation space, obstacles, individual and group behavior, queue lengths and waiting times ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 24
25 Terminal EUROSTAR (with AREP collaboration) Background A high-speed passenger rail service connecting Paris with London. All trains traverse the Channel Tunnel between Britain and France The Paris terminal of EUROSTAR is located at Gare du Nord The terminal space is limited and increased demand is significant Goals Find out how many trains the terminal can handle during rush hour (in particular, can two trains depart with 3-4 minute interval?) Optimize the number of control lines and their distribution by the types of passengers Optimize queue management policies ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 25
26 Model input and output Terminal plan including check points Time schedule Passenger flow distribution (business/economy, EU/non-EU, etc.) Passenger arrival time distribution Check point time of passage Passenger behavior in a waiting lounge Queue management policies Simulation model Waiting time Queue lengths Number of latecoming passengers Check point loading ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 26
27 EUROSTAR. The layout and the passenger process Non-EU and B/C Waiting hall A Waiting hall B Non-EU B/C B/C Non-EU Customs EU UK Passport control EU FR Passport control EU Ticket control EU Ticket control non-eu and Business class (priority) Waiting hall for Business Class All passengers wait here before registration is open ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 27
28 EUROSTAR. Simulator 2D animation (fragment) INPUT (EXCEL Import) The terminal layout with control lines Train timetable Passenger distribution (business/economy, EU/non EU, etc) Passenger arrival time distributions Control passing times Controls number Passenger behavior in the waiting area Queue management policies 2D animation and statistics OUTPUT (EXCEL export) Waiting times Queue lengths Number of passengers who missed their trains Control lines utilization EUROSTARDemo ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 28
29 Nice airport terminal simulation (with SETEC collaboration) ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 29
30 Montparnasse railway station (with EGIS collaboration) ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 30
31 3 levels Commercial Centre project evaluation. Density, flow, escalators capacity ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 31
32 Paris Orly Sud airport terminal ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 32
33 Hall A departure simulation, passengers/hour during 3 hours. Waiting lines and waiting time evaluation ORLY Sud Demo ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 33
34 Paris big Shop Printemps simulation. Architect's project evaluation. Density, waiting time, time of visit ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 34
35 Future projects Paris-Charles de Gaulle Terminal 2E passenger traffic simulation ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 35
36 Future projects Pedestrian traffic simulation between Paris Nord and Paris Est Railway Stations ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 36
37 Thank you! ANYLOGIC EUROPE/EMSYSS 37
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