Minnesota Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

Transcription

1 Minnesota Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices MN MUTCD February 2018

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3 MINNESOTA MANUAL ON UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MN MUTCD February 2018

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9 Minnesota Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward Introduction PART 1. GENERAL Chapter 1A. GENERAL PART 2. SIGNS Chapter 2A. Chapter 2B. Chapter 2C. Chapter 2D. Chapter 2E. Chapter 2F. Chapter 2G. Chapter 2H. Chapter 2I. Chapter 2J. Chapter 2K. Chapter 2L. Chapter 2M. Chapter 2N. PART 3. MARKINGS Chapter 3A. Chapter 3B. Chapter 3C. Chapter 3D. Chapter 3E. Chapter 3F. Chapter 3G. Chapter 3H. Chapter 3I. Chapter 3J. GENERAL REGULATORY SIGNS WARNING SIGNS AND OBJECT MARKERS GUIDE SIGNS - CONVENTIONAL ROADS GUIDE SIGNS - FREEWAYS AND EXPRESSWAYS TOLL ROAD SIGNS PREFERENTIAL AND MANAGED LANE SIGNS GENERAL INFORMATION SIGNS GENERAL SERVICE SIGNS SPECIFIC SERVICE (LOGO) SIGNS TOURIST-ORIENTED DIRECTIONAL SIGNS CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGNS RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL INTEREST AREA SIGNS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SIGNING GENERAL PAVEMENT AND CURB MARKINGS ROUNDABOUT MARKINGS MARKINGS FOR PREFERENTIAL LANES MARKINGS FOR TOLL PLAZAS DELINEATORS COLORED PAVEMENTS CHANNELIZING DEVICES USED FOR EMPHASIS OF PAVEMENT MARKING PATTERNS ISLANDS RUMBLE STRIP MARKINGS PART 4. HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SIGNALS Chapter 4A. Chapter 4B. Chapter 4C. Chapter 4D. Chapter 4E. Chapter 4F. Chapter 4G. Chapter 4H. Chapter 4I. Chapter 4J. Chapter 4K Chapter 4L. Chapter 4M Chapter 4N. Chapter 4O. Chapter 4P GENERAL TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS - GENERAL TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES PEDESTRIAN HYBRID BEACONS TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS AND HYBRID BEACONS FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLE ACCESS TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR ONE-LANE, TWO-WAY FACILITIES TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR FREEWAY ENTRANCE RAMPS TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR MOVABLE BRIDGES HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SIGNALS AT TOLL PLAZAS FLASHING BEACONS LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS IN-ROADWAY LIGHTS ADVANCE WARNING FLASHERS TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR DIVIDED HIGHWAYS

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 5. TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FOR LOW VOLUME ROADS Chapter 5A. Chapter 5B. Chapter 5C. Chapter 5D. Chapter 5E. Chapter 5F. Chapter 5G. Chapter 5H. GENERAL REGULATORY SIGNS WARNING SIGNS GUIDE SIGNS MARKINGS TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR HIGHWAY-RAIL GRADE CROSSINGS TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONES TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR SCHOOL AREAS PART 6. TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL PART 7. PART 8. PART 9. Chapter 6A. Chapter 6B. Chapter 6C. Chapter 6D. Chapter 6E. Chapter 6F. Chapter 6G. Chapter 6H. Chapter 6I. Chapter 6J. Chapter 6K Chapter 7A. Chapter 7B. Chapter 7C. Chapter 7D. Chapter 7E Chapter 8A. Chapter 8B. Chapter 8C. Chapter 8D. Chapter 9A. Chapter 9B. Chapter 9C. Chapter 9D. GENERAL FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ELEMENTS PEDESTRIAN AND WORKER SAFETY FLAGGER CONTROL TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE DEVICES TYPE OF TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE ACTIVITIES SPEED LIMITS IN TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONES CONTROL OF TRAFFIC THROUGH TRAFFIC INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AREAS LONG TERM TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL ZONE LAYOUTS MINNESOTA TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL FIELD MANUAL TRAFFIC CONTROLS FOR SCHOOL AREAS GENERAL SIGNS MARKINGS CROSSING SUPERVISION SPEED LIMITS IN SCHOOL ZONES TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR RAILROAD AND LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT GRADE CROSSINGS GENERAL SIGNS AND MARKINGS FLASHING LIGHT SIGNALS, GATES, AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS PATHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS TRAFFIC CONTROLS FOR BICYCLE FACILITIES GENERAL SIGNS MARKINGS SIGNALS Appendix A1 Appendix A2 Appendix A3 Appendix C CONGRESSIONAL LEGISLATION METRIC CONVERSIONS RETROREFLECTIVE SHEETING IDENTIFICATION GUIDE SIGN LISTING

11 Revision Number Date Issued RECORD OF REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS 12/15/2011 Issued as a new manual Pages Revised or Added 1 6/15/2012 v, viii, ix, 1A-4, 1A-28, 1A-29, 2A-5, 2A-18, 2B-1 thru 2B-6, 2B-11, 2B-15, 2B-34, 2B-35, 2B-38, 2B-41, 2B-53, 2B-56, 2B-57, 2C-3, 2C-4, 2C-11, 2C-13, 2C-17, 2C-18, 2C-20, 2C-24 thru 2C-28, 2C-30, 2C-34, 2D-23, 2D-27 thru 2D-29, 2E-6, 2E-33, 2E-37, 2E-41, 2E-51, 2F-6, 2G-11, 2G-16, 2I-2, 2I-5, 2I-10, 2I-11, 2I-13, 2J-5, 2M-1, 2M-2, 2N-2, 3B-27, 3B-35, 4D-1, 4D-39, 4D-46, 4E-3, 4E-6, 4F-3, 5C-2, 6D-1, 6D-2, 6D-4, 6E-1, 6F-3, 6F-7, 6F-20, 6F-29, 6F-37, 6F-52, 6G-1, 7B-1, 7B-5, 7B-6, 7B-9, 7B-11, 7C-1, 7D-1, 7E-a thru 7E-21, 8B-1, 8B-3, 8B-4, 8B-7 thru 8B-10, 8B-14, 8B-18, 8C-4, 8C-8, 8C-9, 9A-i, 9A-ii, 9B-2 thru 9B4, 9B-6, 9B-9, 9B-18, 9C-1, A2-1, C-1 thru C-8, C-15 thru C-24, C-26, C-28 thru C-31, C-33 thru C-40, C-42, C-43, C-47, C-52 thru C-60, C-62 thru C-70, C-75 thru C-77, C-79 thru C /29/2013 ii, vi, 2A-4, 2A-18, 2A-19, 2B-2 thru 2B-6, 2B-11, 2B-12, 2B-18, 2B-21, 2B-22, 2B-37, 2B-40, 2B-47, 2B-48, 2B-51, 2B-56, 2B-59, 2C-4, 2C-5, 2C-7, 2C-10, 2C-26, 2C-32, 2D-1, 2D-9, 2D-27, 2D-39, 2E-18, 2E-47, 2E-48, 2E-51, 2G-3, 2G-4, 2H-i, 2H-2, 2H-7 thru 2H-9, 2I-2 thru 2I-4, 2I-7, 2I-10, 2J-4, 2J-6, 2K-1, 2K-5, 2M-i, 2M-1, 2M-2, 2M-9, 2M-12 thru 2M-14, 3B-9, 4D-2, 4D-31, 4D-33, 6F-5, 6J-4, 6J-17, 7A-i, 7B-2, 7B-10, 9B-9, 9B-16, 9B-18, C-1, C-2, C-5, C-13, C-14, C-16 thru C-21, C-24, C-26 thru C-39, C-41 thru C-57, C-59 thru C-61, C-63 thru C-66, C-82 thru C-95, INDEX-9 thru INDEX /11/2013 v, ix, 2B-i, 2B-17, 2B-55, 2C-ii, 2C-23, 2C-26 thru 2C-36, 2D-28, 2E-11, 3B-14, 3C-1, 4G-3, 4L-1, 6A-iii thru 6A-vi, 6F-3 thru 6F-5, 6F-14, 6F-17, 6F-19, 6F-20, 6F-40 thru 6F-53, 6G-7, 6J-iii, 6J-2, 6J-4, 6J-5, 6J-7, 6J-8, 6J-10, 6J-11, 6J-14 thru 6J-21, 6J-24a thru 6J-25b, Chapter 6K (the Field Manual) in its entirety, 7B-2, 8B-2, 9B-6, C-3, C-19, C-38, C-39, C-46, C-56 thru C-58, remove Appendix B in its entirety. 4 2/10/2015 v, ix, 2C-i, 2C-iii, 2C-5, 2C-23, 3A-i, 3A-iii, 3B-8, 3B-10, 3B-11, 3B-14, 3B-36, 6A-iii, 6Av, 6A-vi, 6C-6, 6F-20, Chapter 6H (Speed Limits in Temporary Traffic Control Zones) in its entirety. 5 1/31/2018 Chapter 6K - Minnesota Temporary Traffic Control Field Manual (the Field Manual) in its entirety. 6 2/21/2018 1A-i, 1A-18, 2B-i, 2B-ii, 2B-iii, 2B-6, 2B-14, 2B-16, 2B-57, 2B-58, 2C-i, 2C-19, 2C-20, 2D-ii, 2D-37, 2D-38, 2M-i, 2M-13, 2M-14, 3A-i, 3A-ii, 3B-32, 3F-3, 3F-4, 4A-i, 4A-iii, 4D-1, 4I-1, 5A-ii, 5G-1, 7A-i, 7D-1, 7F-1, 8A-i, 8A-ii, 8A-iii, 8A-1, 8B-9, 8B-20, 8C-11, 8C-13, 8C-14, 8C-15, 8C-16, 8C-17, 8D-2 ix February, 2018

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13 PART 1. GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1A. GENERAL Page Section 1A.1 Purpose of Traffic Control Devices A-1 1A.2 Principles of Traffic Control Devices A-1 1A.3 Design of Traffic Control Devices A-1 1A.4 Placement and Operation of Traffic Control Devices A-2 1A.5 Maintenance of Traffic Control Devices A-2 1A.6 Uniformity of Traffic Control Devices A-2 1A.7 Responsibility for Traffic Control Devices A-2 1A.8 Authority for Placement of Traffic Control Devices A-3 1A.9 Engineering Study and Engineering Judgment A-4 1A.10 Interpretations, Experimentation, Changes, Interim Approvals, and Minnesota Conditional Use A-5 1A.10.1 FHWA Request for Interpretation A-5 1A.10.2 FHWA Request to Experiment A-5 1A.10.3 FHWA Request for Change A-8 1A.10.4 FHWA Request for Interim Approval A-8 1A.10.5 Minnesota Request for Conditional Use A-10 1A.11 Relation to Other Documents A-11 1A.12 Color Code A-12 1A.13 Definitions of Words and Phrases in this Manual A-12 1A.14 Meanings of Acronyms and Abbreviations in this Manual A-26 1A.15 Abbreviations Used on Traffic Control Devices A-26 Figure 1A-0 Figure 1A-1 Figure 1A-2 Figure 1A-3 FIGURES Process for a Local Jurisdiction to Follow to Use a Traffic Control Device not Included in the MN MUTCD A-6 Example of a Process for Requesting and Conducting Experimentation for New Traffic Control Devices A-7 Example of a Process for Incorporating New Traffic Control Devices into the MUTCD A-9 MN Conventional Use Process to be Followed by Local Jurisdictions to Use a New Traffic Control Device not yet Included in the MN MUTCD A-11 TABLES Table 1A-1 Acceptable Abbreviations A-28 Table 1A-2 Abbreviations That Shall be Used Only on Portable Changeable Message Signs A-29 Table 1A-3 Unacceptable Abbreviations A-30 MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 1 MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 6 1A-i February, 2018

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15 use of license plate optical scanning, to automatically deduct the toll from the registered user account, or (2) systems that do not require users to have registered toll accounts because vehicle license plates are optically scanned and invoices for the toll amount are sent through postal mail to the address of the vehicle owner. 60. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) Account Only Lane - a non-attended toll lane that is restricted to use only by vehicles with a registered toll payment account. 61. Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacon - a special type of hybrid beacon used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist authorized emergency vehicles in entering or crossing a street or highway. 62. Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signal - a special traffic control signal that assigns the right-ofway to an authorized emergency vehicle. 63. End-of-Roadway Marker - a device used to warn and alert road users of the end of a roadway in other than temporary traffic control zones. 64. Engineering Judgment - the evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, provisions, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. Engineering judgment shall be exercised by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. Documentation of engineering judgment is not required. 65. Engineering Study - the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, provisions, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. An engineering study shall be performed by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. An engineering study shall be documented. 66. Entrance Gate - an automatic gate that can be lowered across the lanes approaching a grade crossing to block road users from entering the grade crossing. 67. Exact Change Lane (Automatic Lane) - a nonattended toll lane that has a receptacle into which road users deposit coins totaling the exact amount of the toll. Exact Change lanes at toll plazas typically require vehicles to stop to pay the toll. 68. Exit Gate - an automatic gate that can be lowered across the lanes departing a grade crossing to block road users from entering the grade crossing by driving in the opposing traffic lanes. 69. Exit Gate Clearance Time - for Four-Quadrant Gate systems at grade crossings, the amount of time provided to delay the descent of the exit gate arm(s) after entrance gate arm(s) begin to descend. relocated from Section 8A Exit Gate Operating Mode - for Four-Quadrant Gate systems at grade crossings, the mode of control used to govern the operation of the exit gate arms. 71. Expressway - a divided highway with partial control of access. 72. Flagger - a person who actively controls the flow of vehicular traffic into and/or through a temporary traffic control zone using hand-signaling devices or an Automated Flagger Assistance Device (AFAD). 73. Flasher - a device used to turn highway traffic signal indications on and off at a repetitive rate of approximately once per second. relocated 74. Flashing - an operation in which a light source, such as a traffic signal indication, is turned on and off repetitively. 75. Flashing-Light Signals - a warning device consisting of two red signal indications arranged horizontally that are activated to flash alternately when rail traffic is approaching or present at a - grade crossing. relocated from Section 8A Flashing Mode - a mode of operation in which at least one traffic signal indication in each vehicular signal face of a highway traffic signal is turned on and off repetitively. 77. Freeway - a divided highway with full control of access. 78. Full-Actuated Operation - a type of traffic control signal operation in which all signal phases function on the basis of actuation. relocated from Section 4A Gate - an automatically-operated or manuallyoperated traffic control device that is used to physically obstruct road users such that they are discouraged from proceeding past a particular point on a roadway or pathway, or such that they are discouraged from entering a particular grade crossing, ramp, lane, roadway, or facility. 80. Grade Crossing - the general area where a highway and a railroad and/or light rail transit route cross at the same level, within which are included the tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for traffic traversing that area. 81. Guide Sign - a sign that shows route designations, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other geographical, recreational, or cultural information. 1A-17 December, 2011

16 MN Rev High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) - a motor vehicle carrying at least two or more persons, including carpools, vanpools, and buses. 83. High Speed Roadway - any street or highway where the posted speed limit is 45 miles per hour or greater. 84. Highway - a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way. 85. Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing - the general area where a highway and a light rail transit route cross at the same level, within which are included the light rail transit tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for traffic traversing that area. 86. Highway-Rail Grade Crossing - the general area where a highway and a railroad cross at the same level, within which are included the railroad tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for highway traffic traversing that area. 87. Highway Traffic Signal - a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include power-operated signs, steadily-illuminated pavement markers, warning lights (see Section 6F.78), or steady burning electric lamps. 88 Highway Work Zone - a segment of highway or street where a road authority or its agent is conctructing, reconstructing, or maintaining the physical structure of the roadway, which may include, but is not limited to, shoulders, features adjacent to the roadway, and utilities and highway appurtenances, whether underground or overhead; and any of the following applies: (i) official traffic control devices that indicate the segment of street or highway under construction, reconstruction, or maintenance, are erected; (ii) one or more lanes of traffic are closed; (iii) a flagger is present, (iv) a 24/7 construction speed limit is established; or (v) a workers present speed limit is in effect. 89. HOV Lane - any preferential lane designated for exclusive use by high-occupancy vehicles for all or part of a day-including a designated lane on a freeway, other highway, street, or independent roadway on a separate right-of-way. 90. Hybrid Beacon - a special type of beacon that is intentionally placed in a dark mode (no indications displayed) between periods of operation and, when operated, displays both steady and flashing traffic control signal indications. 91. Inherently Low Emission Vehicle (ILEV) - any kind of vehicle that, because of inherent properties of the fuel system design, will not have significant evaporative emissions, even if its evaporative emission control system has failed. 92. In-Roadway Lights - a special type of highway traffic signal installed in the roadway surface to warn February, A-18 road users that they are approaching a condition on or adjacent to the roadway that might not be readily apparent and might require the road users to slow down and/or come to a stop. 93. Interchange - a system of interconnecting roadways providing for traffic movement between two or more highways that do not intersect at grade. 94. Interconnection - when used in Part 8, the electrical connection between the railroad or light rail transit active warning system and the highway traffic signal controller assembly for the purpose of preemption. 95. Intermediate Interchange - an interchange with an urban or rural route that is not a major or minor interchange as defined in this section. 96. Intersection - intersection is defined as follows: (a) the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle might come into conflict. (b) the junction of an alley or driveway with a roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection, unless the roadway or highway at said junction is controlled by a traffic control device. (c) If a highway includes two roadways that are 30 feet or more apart (see definition of Median), then every crossing of each roadway of such divided highway by an intersecting highway shall be a separate intersection. (d) If both intersecting highways include two roadways that are 30 feet or more apart, then every crossing of any two roadways of such highways shall be a separate intersection. (e) At a location controlled by a traffic control signal, regardless of the distance between the separate intersections as defined in (c) and (d) above: (1) If a stop line, yield line, or crosswalk has not been designated on the roadway (within the median) between the separate intersections, the two intersections and the roadway (median) between them shall be considered as one intersection; (2) Where a stop line, yield line, or crosswalk is designated on the roadway on the intersection approach, the area within the crosswalk and/or beyond the designated stop line or yield line shall be part of the intersection; and (3) Where a crosswalk is designated on a roadway on the departure from the intersection, the intersection shall include the area extending to the far side of such crosswalk. 97. Intersection Control Beacon - a beacon used only at an intersection to control two or more directions of travel.

17 Chapter 2B. REGULATORY SIGNS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 2B. Regulatory Signs Page Section 2B.1 Application of Regulatory Signs B-1 2B.2 Design of Regulatory Signs B-1 2B.3 Size of Regulatory Signs B-1 2B.4 Right-of-Way at Intersections B-7 2B.5 STOP Sign (R1-1) and ALL WAY Plaque (R1-3P) B-8 2B.6 STOP Sign Applications B-9 2B.7 Multi-Way Stop Applications B-9 2B.8 YIELD Sign (R1-2) B-10 2B.9 YIELD Sign Applications B-10 2B.10 STOP Sign or YIELD Sign Placement B-10 2B.11 Stop Here For Pedestrian Signs (R1-5 Series) B-11 2B.12 In-Street Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R1-6a, R1-6b,R1-9a, and R1-9b) B-12 2B.13 Speed Limit Sign (R2-1) B-14 2B.13.1 Bridge Speed Limit Sign (R2-X5) B-16 2B.14 Truck Speed Limit Sign (R2-2P) B-16 2B.15 Night Speed Limit Sign (R2-3P) B-16 2B.16 Minimum Speed Limit Sign (R2-4P) B-17 2B.16.1 This section has been eliminated 2B.16.2 End Work Speed Zone Sign (R2-6c) B-17 2B.17 Higher Fines Signs and Plaque (R2-6P, R2-10, and R2-11) B-17 2B.18 Movement Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4, R3-18, and R3-27) B-18 2B.19 Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-5 through R3-8) B-19 2B.20 Mandatory Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) B-20 2B.21 Optional Movement Lane Control Sign (R3-6) B-21 2B.22 Advance Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-30 Series) B-22 2B.23 RIGHT (LEFT) LANE MUST EXIT (R3-33) B-22 2B.24 Two-Way Left Turn Only Signs (R3-9a, R3-9b) B-22 2B.25 BEGIN and END Plaques (R3-9cP and R3-9dP)... 2B.23 2B.26 Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9e through R3-9i) B-23 2B.27 Jughandle Signs (R3-23, R3-24, R3-25, and R3-26 Series) B-26 2B.28 DO NOT PASS Sign (R4-1) B-26 2B.29 PASS WITH CARE Sign (R4-2) B-30 2B.30 KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS (R4-16) and SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT Sign (R4-3) B-30 2B.31 TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE Sign (R4-5) B-30 2B.32 Keep Right and Keep Left Signs (R4-7, R4-8) B-31 2B.33 STAY IN LANE Sign (R4-9) B-31 2B.33.1 DO NOT CROSS DOUBLE WHITE LINE Sign (R16-X16) B-31 2B.34 RUNAWAY VEHICLES ONLY Sign (R4-10) B-32 2B.35 Slow Vehicle Turn-Out Signs (R4-12, R4-13, and R4-14) B-32 2B.36 NO DRIVING ON SHOULDER Sign (R4-17a) and NO PASSING ON SHOULDER Sign (R4-18a) B-32 2B.37 DO NOT ENTER Sign (R5-1) B-33 2B.38 WRONG WAY Sign (R5-1a) B-33 MN Rev. 3 MN Rev. 6 MN Rev. 6 2B-i February, 2018

18 MN Rev. 6 MN Rev. 6 Page Section 2B.39 Selective Exclusion Signs B-33 2B.39.1 Other Selective Exclusion Signs (R5-X1) B-35 2B.40 ONE WAY Signs (R6-1, R6-2) B-35 2B.41 Wrong-Way Traffic Control at Interchange Ramps B-40 2B.42 Divided Highway Crossing Signs (R6-3, R6-3a) B-41 2B.43 Roundabout Directional Arrow Signs (R6-4, R6-4a, and R6-4b) B-41 2B.44 Roundabout Circulation Plaque (R6-5P) B-45 2B.45 Examples of Roundabout Signing B-45 2B.46 Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (R7 and R8 Series) B-45 2B.47 Design of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs B-47 2B.48 Placement of Parking, Stopping, and Standing Signs B-48 2B.48.1 Disabled Parking Signs (R7-8m) B-48 2B.49 Emergency Restriction Signs (R8-4, R8-7, R8-8, R16-X4) B-49 2B.50 WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC and No Hitchhiking Signs (R9-1, R9-4, R9-4a) B-49 2B.51 Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R9-2, R9-3) B-49 2B.52 Traffic Signal Pedestrian and Bicycle Actuation Signs (R10-1 through R10-4, and R10-24 through R10-26) B-50 2B.53 Traffic Signal Signs (R10-5 through R10-30) B-51 2B.54 No Turn on Red Signs (R10-11 Series and R10-30) B-52 2B.55 Photo Enforcement Signs and Plaques (R10-18, R10-19P, and R10-19aP) B-53 2B.56 Ramp Metering Signs (R20-28a and R10-29a) B-53 2B.57 KEEP OFF MEDIAN Sign (R11-1) B-54 2B.58 ROAD CLOSED Sign (R11-2) and LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY Signs (R11-3 Series, R11-4) B-54 2B.58.1 Bridge Closed Signs (R11-2a and R11-3c) B-54 2B.58.2 Sidewalk Closed Signs (R9-9, R9-10) B-55 2B.59 Weight Limit Signs (R12-1 through R12-5) B-55 2B.59.1 Bridge and Structure Weight, Width and Height Restriction Signs (R12-1a, R12-5 Supplement, R12-X2, R12-X4, and R12-X4a) B-56 2B.60 Weigh Station Signs (R13 Series) B-57 2B.61 Truck Route Sign (R14-1) B-57 2B.62 Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2, R14-3) B-57 2B.63 National Network Signs (R14-4, R14-5) B-57 2B.64 Headlight Use Signs (R16-5 through R16-11) B-58 2B.65 FENDER BENDER Sign (R16-4) B-58 2B.66 Seat Belt Symbol B-58 2B.66.1 Other Regulatory Signs B-58 2B.66.2 State Law Signs B-59 2B.67 Barricades B-59 2B.68 Gates B-59 February, B-ii

19 FIGURES Page Figure 2B-1 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-2 Typical Placement of In-Street Pedestrian Crossing Signs B-13 Figure 2B-3 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-4 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-5 Intersection Lane Control Sign Arrow Options for Roundabouts B-20 Figure 2B-6 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-7 Location of Reversible Two-Way Left-Turn Signs B-24 Figure 2B-8 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-9 Examples of Applications of Jughandle Regulatory and Guide Signing B-27 Figure 2B-10 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-11 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-12 Locations of Wrong-Way Signing for Divided Highways with Medians of 30 Feet or Wider B-34 Figure 2B-13 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-14 Locations of ONE WAY Signs B-36 Figure 2B-15 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Median Widths of 30 Feet or Wider B-37 Figure 2B-16 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Median Widths Narrower Than 30 Feet B-37 Figure 2B-17 ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Median Widths Narrower Than 30 Fee and Separated Left Turn Lanes B-38 Figure 2B-18 Examples of Applications of Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry B-39 Figure 2B-19 Examples of Applications of Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at an Exit Ramp Termination Where the Design Does Not Clearly Indicate the Direction of Flow B-39 Figure 2B-20 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-21 Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Mini-Roundabout B-42 Figure 2B-22 Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a One-Lane Roundabout B-43 Figure 2B-23 Example of Regulatory and Warning Signs for a Two-Lane Roundabout with Consecutive Double Lefts B-44 Figure 2B-24 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-25 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-26 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-27 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-28 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-29 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-30 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-31 This figure has been eliminated Figure 2B-32 This figure has been eliminated MN Rev. 6 TABLES Table 2B-1 Regulatory Signs and Plaque Sizes 2B-2 Table 2B-2 Meanings of Symbols and Legends on Reversible Lane Control Signs 2B-23 2B-iii February, 2018

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21 Sign Conventional Road Sign or Plaque Designation Section Single Lane Multi-Lane Expressway Freeway Minimum Oversized MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 2 Cross Only on Green R10-1 Pedestrian Signs and Plaques R10.2, 3,3b,3c,3d,4 Pedestrian Signs R10-3a,3e,3f 3g,3h,3i,4a Left on Green Arrow Only R10-5 Stop Here on Red R10-6 Stop Here on Red R10-6a Do Not Block Intersection R10-7,7a Use Lane with Greed Arrow R10-8 Left (Right ) Turn Signal R10-10 No Turn on Red R10-11 No Turn on Red R10-11a No Turn on Red R10-11b No Turn on Red Except from R10-11c Right Lane No Turn on Red from This Lane R10-11d Left Turn Yield on Green R10-12 Emergency Signal R10-13 Emergency Signal-Stop on R10-14 Flashing Red Emergency Signal-Stop on R10-14a Flashing Red (overhead) Stop Here on Flashing Red Arrow R10-14b Turning Vehicles Stop for Peds R10-15a U-Turn Yield to Right Turn R10-16 Right on Red Arrow After Stop R10-17a Traffic Laws Photo Enforced R10-18 Photo Enforced (symbol plaque) R10-19P Photo Enforced (plaque) R10-19aP Mon-Fri (and times) R10-20aP (3 lines) (plaque) Sunday (and times) R10-20aP Crosswalk, Stop on Red R10-23 Push Button to Turn on Warning Lights R10-25 Left Turn Yield on Flashing Red R10-27 Arrow After Stop XX Vehicles on Green R10-28a XX Vehicles on Green Each Lane R10-29a Right Turn on Red Must Yield to U-Turn R10-30 At Signal (plaque) R10-31P Push Button for 2 Seconds for Extra R10-32P Crossing Time Keep Off Median R11-1 Road Closed R11-2,2a Road Closed - Local Traffic Only R11-3a, 3b,3c,4 Weight Limit R12-1,2 Weight Limit R12-1a,3 Weight Limit R12-4 2B.52 2B.52 2B.52 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.54 2B.54 2B.54 2B.54 2B.54 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.54 2B.55 2B.55 2B.55 2B.53 2B.53 2B.53 2B.52 2B.53 2B.56 2B.56 2B.54 2B.54 2B.52 2B.57 2B.58 2B.58 2B.59 2B.59 2B x 18 9 x 12 9 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 30 9 x x x x x x 9 9 x x x x x x x x 18 9 x 12 9 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 30 9 x x x x x x 9 9 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 48 MN Rev. 1 MN Rev. 2 Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 4 of 5) 2B-5 July, 2013

22 Sign Conventional Road Sign or Plaque Designation Section Single Lane Multi-Lane Expressway Freeway Minimum Oversized MN Rev. 6 Weight Limit Restricted Bridge XX Miles Ahead Weight Limit XX Tons Restricted Bridge XX Miles Ahead Permit Weight Limit XX Tons Trucks Must not Meet on Bridge Vehicles Must not Meet on Bridge Restricted Bridge - XX Miles Ahead Weight Limit XX Tons, Clearance XX ft XX inches Restricted Bridge - XX Miles, Clearance XX ft XX inches Trucks & Combinations over 10,000 lbs Must Enter Weight Station When Flashing Truck Route Hazardous Material National Network Fender Bender Move Vehicles Lights on When Using Wipers or Raining R12-5 R12-X2 R12-X2a R12-X3 R12-X3a R12-X4 R12-X4a R13-X1 R14-1 R14-2,3 R14-4,5 R16-4 R16-5,6 2B.59 2B B B B B B B.60 2B.61 2B.62 2B.63 2B.65 2B x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 48 MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 2 Turn On Headlights Next XX Miles Turn On, Check Headlights Begin, End Daylight Headlight Section State Law - Stop for School Bus when Red Lights Flashing State Law - Trucks and Vehicles with Trailers must Maintain 500 ft Interval Up to $700 Fine for Littering Highways Emergency Stopping Only-Pedestrians, Bicycles, Motorized Bicycles, Non-Motorized Traffic Prohibited Signal Your Turn Right (Left) Lane Must Exit Rest Stop X Hr Limit - No Camping State Law - Unlawful to Pass on Shoulder No Fishing from Bridge State Law - Seat Belt Use Required Seat Belt (symbol) Fastened? Vehicle Noise Laws Enforced State Law - Move Over for Stopped Emergency and Maintenance Vehicles Do Not Cross Double White Line Check Your Turn Signal R16-7 R16-8,9 R16-10,11 R16-X1 R16-X2 R16-X3 R16-X4 R16-X6 R16-X7 R16-X8 R16-X9 R16-X10 R16-X11 R16-X12 R16-X13 R16-X15 R16-X16 R16-X33 2B.64 2B.64 2B.64 2B B B B.49 2B B.20 2B B B B B B B B B.66.1 * See Table 9B-1 for minimum size required for signs on bicycle facilities, 48 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 66 MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 2 MN Rev. 2 Notes: 1. Larger signs may be used when appropriate 2. Dimensions in inches are shown as width x height Table 2B-1. Regulatory Sign and Plaque Sizes (Sheet 5 of 5) February, B-6

23 STATE LAW STOP FOR SCHOOL STATE LAW STOP FOR WITHIN CROSSWALK WITHIN CROSSWALK R1-6b R1-6b with SCHOOL plaque Four-Lane Undivided Roadway Two-Lane, Two-Way Roadway Two-Lane, Two-Way Roadway with Center Turn Lane Legend Direction of travel Sign Structure Four-Lane Divided Roadway with Turn Lanes Single Sided Structure Back-to-Back Structure Figure 2B-2. Typical Placement of In-Street Pedestrian Crossing Signs 2B-13 December, 2011

24 MN Rev. 6 users about the State law prior to reaching the crosswalk, nor shall it be installed as an educational display that is not near any crosswalk. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall have either the same sign message on the back side or a strip of retroreflective sheeting not less than 2 inches in width. The color of this strip shall be the same as that of the lane line the on which the sign is placed. There shall be only one In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign installed for each approach to marked crosswalks. If an island (see Chapter 3I) is available, the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign, if used, should be placed on the island. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign should only be installed on roadways with posted speed limits of 35 mph or less and should not impede normal through or turning traffic movements. If a Pedestrian Crossing (W11-2) warning sign is used in combination with an In-Street or an Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign, the W11-2 sign with a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7P) plaque may be post-mounted on the right-hand side of the roadway at the crosswalk location. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign and the Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign shall not be used at signalized locations. The STOP FOR legend shall only be used in States where the State law specifically requires that a driver must stop for a pedestrian in a crosswalk. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall have a black legend (except for the red STOP sign symbols) and border on a white background, surrounded by an outer yellow or fluorescent yellow-green background area. The Overhead Pedestrian Crossing sign shall have a black legend and border on a yellow or fluorescent yellow-green background at the top of the sign and a black legend and border on a white background at the bottom of the sign. Unless the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign is placed on a physical island, the sign support shall be designed to bend over and then bounce back to its normal vertical position when struck by a vehicle. The Provisions of Section 2A.18 concerning mounting height are not applicable for the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign. The top of an In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall be a maximum of 4 feet above the pavement surface. The top of an In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign placed in an island shall be a maximum of 4 feet above the island surface. The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign may be used seasonally to prevent damage in winter because of plowing operations, and may be removed at night if the pedestrian activity at night is minimal. In-Street Pedestrian Crossing signs, Overhead Pedestrian Crossing signs, and Stop Here For Pedestrians signs may be used together at the same crosswalk. 2B.13 Speed Limit Sign (R2-1) SPEED LIMIT 50 R2-1 Speed zones (other than statutory speed limits) shall only be established on the basis of an engineering study that has been performed in accordance with traffic engineering practices. The engineering study shall include an analysis of the current speed distribution of free-flowing vehicles. The Speed Limit (R2-1) sign shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency based on the engineering study. The speed limits displayed shall be in multiples of 5 mph. Speed Limit (R2-1) signs, indicating speed limits for which posting is required by law, shall be located at the points of change from one speed limit to another. At the downstream end of the section to which a speed limit applies, a Speed Limit sign showing the next speed limit shall be installed. Additional Speed Limit signs shall be installed beyond major intersections and at other locations where it is necessary to remind road users of the speed limit that is applicable. Speed Limit signs indicating the statutory speed limits shall be installed at entrances to the State and, where appropriate, at jurisdictional boundaries in urban areas. February, B-14

25 MN Rev. 1 Minnesota Statute sets forth speed limits to govern all roadways and alleys in the state. Any posted speed limit greater or less than the statutory speed limits must be authorized by the Commissioner of Transportation. Any alteration of statutory speed limits on any public road or street shall be based upon the results of an engineering and traffic investigation. Minnesota Statute, section , subd. 5, states that: When local authorities believe that the existing speed limit upon any street or highway, or part thereof, within their respective jurisdictions and not a part of the trunk highway system is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under existing condition, they may request the commissioner (of transportation) to authorize, upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, the erection of appropriate signs designating a reasonable and safe speed limit thereat, which speed limit shall be effective when such signs are erected. A Reduced Speed Limit Ahead (W3-5 or W3-5a) sign (see Section 2C.38) should be used to inform road users of a reduced speed zone where the speed limit is being reduced by more than 10 mph, or where engineering judgment indicates the need for advance notice to comply with the posted speed limit ahead. States and local agencies should conduct engineering studies to reevaluate non-statutory speed limits on segments of their roadways that have undergone significant changes since the last review, such as the addition or elimination of parking or driveways, changes in the number of travel lanes, or changes in the configuration of bicycle lanes. No more than three speed limits should be displayed on any one Speed Limit sign or assembly. When a speed limit within a speed zone is posted, it should be within 5 mph of the 85th-percentile speed of freeflowing traffic. Reduced Speed Ahead Signs (R2-5 series) The Reduced Speed Ahead signs shall be removed and replaced with Speed Reduction signs (W3-5, W3-5a), see Section 2C.38. Speed studies for signalized intersection approaches should be taken outside the influence area of the traffic control signal, which is generally considered to be approximately 1/2 mile, to avoid obtaining skewed results for the 85th-percentile speed. A Speed Limit sign shall not be used to warn road users of an advisory speed for certain roadway conditions. See Section 2C.8 for use of advisory speed plaques. Other factors that may be considered when establishing speed limits are the following: A. Road characteristics, shoulder condition, grade, alignment, and sight distance; B. The pace speed; C. Roadside development and environment; D. Parking practices and pedestrian activity; and E. Reported crash experience for at least a 12-month period. Two types of Speed Limit signs may be used: one to designate passenger car speeds, including any nighttime information or minimum speed limit that might apply; and the other to show any special speed limits for trucks and other vehicles. A changeable message sign that changes the speed limit for traffic and ambient conditions may be installed provided that the appropriate speed limit is displayed at the proper times. A changeable message sign that displays to approaching drivers the speed at which they are traveling may be installed in conjunction with a Speed Limit sign. If a changeable message sign displaying approach speeds is installed, the legend YOUR SPEED XX MPH or such similar legend should be displayed. The color of the changeable message legend should be a yellow legend on a black background or the reverse of these colors. REDUCED SPEED AHEAD 30 REDUCED SPEED SPEED ZONE AHEAD BEGIN SPEED LIMIT MILE MN Rev. 1 R2-5a R2-5b R2-5c R2-X1 2B-15 July, 2012

26 MN Rev. 6 Advisory Speed signs and plaques are discussed in Sections 2C.8 and 2C.14. Temporary Traffic Control Zone Speed signs are discussed in Part 6. The WORK ZONE (G20-5aP) plaque intended for installation above a Speed Limit sign is discussed in Section 6F.12. School Speed Limit signs are discussed in Section 7B.15. 2B.13.1 Bridge Speed Limit (R2-X5) The BRIDGE SPEED LIMIT sign shall be used and installed: 1. When it has been determined by the Commissioner of Transportation that it is necessary to limit the speed of vehicles on a bridge or other elevated structure constituting part of a highway to the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety on such bridge or structure, 2. Suitable signs stating such maximum speed shall be erected and maintained at a distance of 100 feet before each end of the structure. A Bridge Speed Limit shall become effective when the Bridge Speed Limit signs are installed. A Speed Reduction (W3-5a) sign should be used in advance of the BRIDGE SPEED LIMIT sign. BRIDGE SPEED LIMIT 15 R2-X5 On roads maintained by MnDOT, the MnDOT Office of Bridges and Structures determines when a reduced speed limit is required on a bridge or other elevated structure constituting part of a highway. They inform the appropriate MnDOT district traffic engineer of their findings. It is the responsibility of the district traffic engineer to prepare a Speed Limit Authorization Form and submit it to the Office of Traffic, Safety and Technology (OTST). Local road authorities may submit a request stating their engineering findings to the local MnDOT district traffic engineer. A report is then prepared and submitted along with recommendations to OTST. 2B.14 Truck Speed Limit Sign (R2-2P) Where a special speed limit applies to trucks or other vehicles, the legend TRUCKS XX or such similar legend shall be displayed below the legend Speed Limit XX on the same sign or on a separate R2-2P plaque below the Speed Limit sign. 2B.15 Night Speed Limit Sign (R2-3P) Where different speed limits are authorized for day and night, both limits shall be posted. A Night Speed Limit (R2-3P) plaque should be reversed using a white retroreflectorized legend and border on a black background. TRUCKS 40 R2-2P NIGHT 45 R2-3P A Night Speed Limit sign may be combined with or installed below the standard Speed Limit (R2-1) sign. February, B-16

27 2B.60 Weigh Station Signs (R13 Series) On a numbered highway, the TRUCK auxiliary (M4-4) sign may be used (see Section 2D.20). 2B.62 Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2, R14-3) MN Rev. 6 An R13-X1 sign with the legend TRUCKS & COMBI- NATIONS OVER 10,000 LBS MUST ENTER WEIGH STATION WHEN FLASHING should be used to direct appropriate traffic into a weigh station. The R13-X1 sign should be supplemented by the D8 series of guide signs (see Section 2D.49). R13-X1 The reverse color combination, a white legend and border on a black background, may be used for the R13-X1 sign. 2B.61 Truck Route Sign (R14-1) TRUCK ROUTE R14-1 TRUCK M4-4 The TRUCK ROUTE (R14-1) sign should be used to mark a route that has been designated to allow truck traffic. The Hazardous Material Route (R14-2) sign may be used to identify routes that have been designated by proper authority for vehicles transporting hazardous material. On routes where the transporting of hazardous material is prohibited, the Hazardous Material Prohibition (R14-3) sign may be used. If used, the Hazardous Material Prohibition sign should be installed on a street or roadway at a point where vehicles transporting hazardous cargo have the opportunity to take an alternate route. 2B.63 National Network Signs (R14-4, R14-5) R14-4 R14-5 The signing of the National Network routes for trucking is optional. HM HM R14-2 R14-3 When a National Network route is signed, the National Network (R14-4) sign shall be used. The National Network Prohibition (R14-5) sign may be used to identify routes, portions of routes, and ramps where MN Rev. 1 2B-57 February, 2018

28 trucks are prohibited. The R14-5 sign may also be used to mark the ends of designated routes. 2B.64 Headlight Use Signs (R16-5 through R16-11) LIGHTS ON WHEN USING WIPERS B E G I N D AYT I M E H EA D L I G H T S E CT I O N Some States require road users to turn on their vehicle headlights under certain weather conditions, as a safety improvement measure on roadways experiencing high crash rates, or in special situations such as when driving through a tunnel. A LIGHTS ON WHEN USING WIPERS (R16-5) sign or a LIGHTS ON WHEN RAINING (R16-6) sign may be installed to inform road users of State laws regarding headlight use. Although these signs are typically installed facing traffic entering the State just inside the State border, they also may be installed at other locations within the State. If a particular section of roadway has been designated as a safety improvement zone within which headlight use is required, a TURN ON HEADLIGHTS NEXT XX MILES (R16-7) sign or a BEGIN DAYTIME HEADLIGHT SECTION (R16-10) sign should be installed at the upstream end of the section, and a END DAYTIME HEADLIGHT SECTION (R16-11) sign should be installed at the downstream end of the section. LIGHTS ON WHEN RAINING R16-5 R16-6 R16-8 T U R N O N H EA D L I G H T S N E XT 1 5 M I L E S CHECK HEADLIGHTS R16-7 R16-9 E N D D AYT I M E H EA D L I G H T S E CT I O N R16-10 R16-11 T U R N O N HEADLIGHTS A TURN ON HEADLIGHTS (R16-8) sign may be installed to require road users to turn on their headlights in special situations such as when driving through a tunnel. A CHECK HEADLIGHTS (R16-9) sign may be installed downstream from the special situation to inform drivers that the using their headlights is no longer required. 2B.65 FENDER BENDER Sign (R16-4) A FENDER BENDER MOVE VEHICLES FROM TRAVEL LANES (R16-4) sign may be installed to require motorists to move their vehicle out of the travel lanes if they have been involved in a crash. M O V E V E H I C L E S F R O M T R AV E L LA N E S 2B.66 Seat Belt Symbol F E N D E R B E N D E R When a seat belt symbol is used, the symbol shown above shall be used. The seat belt symbol should not be used alone. If used, the seat belt symbol should be incorporated into regulatory sign messages for mandatory seat belt use. 2B.66.1 Other Regulatory Signs SIGNAL YOUR TURN R16-X6 VEHICLE NOISE LAWS ENFORCED R16-X13 R16-4 NO FISHING FROM BRIDGE R16-X10 CHECK YOUR TURN SIGNAL R16-X33 Seat Belt Symbol FASTENED? R16-X12 R16-X40 Regulatory word message signs other than those shown in this Manual, the MnDOT Standard Signs Manual, and the Federal "Standard Highways Sign and Markings" book may be developed to aid the enforcement of other laws or regulations. PARKING RESTRICTIONS COMMERCIAL VEHICLES 10 HOURS PER 24 HOUR PERIOD M I N N E S O TA S TAT U T E ALL OTHER VEHICLES 4 HOURS PER 24 HOUR PERIOD M I N N E S O TA S TAT U T E B.0 4 The Seat Belts Fastened sign (R16-X12) should be used wherever it is determined that the need exists to remind motorists to fasten their seat belts. MN Rev. 6 February, B-58