Reducing Speeding-Related Crashes Involving Passenger Vehicles

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1 Title slide with NTSB 50 th Anniversary Commemorative Emblem-Making Transportation Safer Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. National Transportation Safety Board. Reducing Speeding-Related Crashes Involving Passenger Vehicles Ivan Cheung & Nathan Doble NACTO Designing Cities 2017 October 31, 2017, Chicago, IL 1

2 NTSB Speeding Safety Study Reducing Speeding-Related Crashes Involving Passenger Vehicles Adopted by Board on 7/25/ Archived Board Meeting (limited time) pm/ntsb_archive_flv.htm 2

3 Why the NTSB Did This Study Speeding is one of most common crash factors From , nearly 113,000 fatalities Most speeding vehicles in fatal crashes are passenger vehicles 3

4 Study Goals Summarize scope of problem Describe risks of speeding Promote proven and emerging countermeasures that are broadly applicable, but underused or ineffectively used 4

5 Study Methodology Literature survey Quantitative analysis of crash data Stakeholder interviews Stakeholder technical review of study Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) State and local DOTs, highway safety offices State and local law enforcement Vehicle manufacturers, equipment vendors Researchers, advocates, professional associations 5

6 Speeding-Related Fatalities, Traffic Fatalities 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Not Speeding-Related Speeding-Related 31% 32% 32% 31% 32% 32% 31% 31% 30% 13,583 13,609 28% 27% 27% 13,140 11,767 10,664 10,508 10,001 10,329 9,696 9,283 9,723 10, Calendar Year Source: FARS 6

7 Speeding-Related Fatalities by Person Type, 2014 Fatalities 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 Drivers in Speeding Vehicles 5,933 Passengers in Speeding Vehicles 1,835 Occupants in Other Vehicles Pedestrians Bicyclists ,136 1,496 deaths in 2014 (15%) Other/Unknown 19 Source: FARS 7

8 Risk of Speeding RRRRRRRR = LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RRRRRRRR oooo SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS = CCCCCCCCCC IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII CCCCCCCCCC SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS Complex Straightforward 8

9 Speed and Pedestrian Injuries 100% Likelihood of Severe Injury or Death 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Impact Speed (mph) Source: Tefft

10 Safety Issues Speed limits Data-driven speed enforcement Automated speed enforcement Intelligent speed adaptation National leadership 10

11 Guidance on Setting Speed Limits in Speed Zones Standard Based on engineering study in accordance with traffic engineering practices Shall include an analysis of the current speed distribution of free-flowing traffic Guidance When a speed limit within a speed zone is posted, it should be within 5 mph of the 85th-percentile speed of free-flowing traffic Options Other factors, such as pedestrian activity and reported crash experience 11

12 Authority to Set Speed Limits State and local governments establish speed limits Statutory speed limits Vary by road type or location Apply throughout a jurisdiction Posted speed limits State and local governments can establish speed zones where statutory limits are not suited to specific road or traffic conditions 12

13 13

14 2016 Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in Vision Zero Cities (preliminary FARS 2016) 31 cities and 1 county in 17 states plus D.C. 1,662 fatalities (US total 37,461, 4.4%) 486 speeding-related fatalities (US total 10,111, 4.8%) 29% of all fatalities are speeding-related (US, 27%) 6% increase year-to-year from 2015 (US, 6%) 14

15 Of the 1,662 fatalities in Vision Zero Cities (2016) Interstate/ Freeway/ Expressway Fatalities % of Total On Roadways Not Legally Owned Locally % of Known Ownership % % Other Principal Arterial % % Minor Arterial % 31 12% Major Collector 120 7% 10 9% Minor Collector 18 1% 4 27% Local % 4 2% Total (include not reported/unknown) 1, % % 15

16 Safe System Approach to Traffic Safety Urban roads and pedestrian safety Strengthens all elements, challenges the traditional view that drivers choose reasonable and safe speeds Acknowledges humans make mistakes and are physically vulnerable Emphasizes target speed 16

17 Of the 1,662 fatalities in Vision Zero Cities (2016) 661 pedestrians died in motor vehicle crashes in Vision Zero Cities in 2016 (55 in speeding-related crashes) 177 of these died on state owned roadways 78 on roadways other than interstates, freeways, or expressways (64 on other principal arterials) 17

18 Automated Speed Enforcement (ASE) Effectiveness 2010 systematic review of 28 ASE studies Every study found crash reductions All crashes reduced 8 to 49% Serious or fatal injury crashes reduced 11 to 44% Safety benefits extend beyond ASE sites Recognized as effective by NHTSA and CDC 18

19 ASE and State Law States Authorizing ASE with Restrictions States without ASE Laws States Prohibiting ASE Total States with ASE Programs States without ASE Programs Total Source: IIHS 19

20 ASE and State Law (Vision Zero Cities) States Authorizing ASE with Restrictions States without ASE Laws States Prohibiting ASE Total States with ASE Programs States without ASE Programs Total Source: IIHS 20

21 ASE Best Practices Speed Enforcement Camera Systems Operational Guidelines 63% of ASE program administrators unaware of guidelines In 11 of 35 areas, less than 40% of programs aligned with guidelines Guidelines do not reflect latest technologies and operating practices 21

22 National Leadership Few negative social consequences to speeding No national leader for issue Drivers underappreciate risks Changing behavior requires coordinated effort 22

23 Last slide with NTSB 50 th Anniversary Commemor ative Emblem- Making Transportati on Safer Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow.

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