Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings. Shawn Turner, P.E. Texas A&M Transportation Institute

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1 Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings Shawn Turner, P.E. Texas A&M Transportation Institute

2 Overview of Presentation What are the issues/problems? Framework for crossing treatments Marked crosswalk Enhanced crosswalk Active treatment Red treatment Full traffic signal 2

3 Unsignalized Pedestrian Crossing No motor vehicle traffic signal control on main street Pedestrian crossing may be at intersecting street or mid block Typically a marked crosswalk, but not necessarily More common with larger block size (suburbs) 3

4 4

5 Example 2 5

6 6

7 Problems at Unsignalized Crossings 7

8 Problems at Unsignalized Crossings Confusion about right of way Who yields / stops? Pedestrian must be in crosswalk Difficulty judging acceptable gaps Excessive delay to pedestrians 8

9 Problems 3 High speed arterial streets 2 or more lanes in both directions Mid block transit stops Limited access control Commercial driveways Center two way left turn lane Low pedestrian volumes (does not satisfy traffic signal warrant) 9

10 NCHRP Report 562 / TCRP Report 112 Recommend treatments for high speed, highvolume roadways Recommend modifications to MUTCD pedestrian traffic signal warrant 10

11 FHWA Study on Marked vs. Unmarked Crosswalks Depends on: Traffic volume Traffic speed Road width/median 1. Marked Crosswalk 2. Consider Enhancement to Marking 3. Must Add Enhancement to Marking 11

12 Safety Benefits of Other Treatments Difficult to quantify for each treatment Insufficient crash data for experimental treatments Lead to use of safety surrogates % motorists yielding to pedestrians Motorist behavior (speed reduction) Pedestrian behavior 12

13 What are treatments? Geometric design Traffic calming Static warning signs Continuous flashing beacons Activated beacons 13

14 Median Crossing Island 14

15 Median Crossing Island 15

16 Curb Extension (Mid Block, Transit Stop) 16

17 Curb Extension (Intersection) 17

18 Raised Crosswalks 18

19 Roadway / Lane Narrowing 19

20 Crossing Sign + Markings 20

21 In Street Crossing Signs 21

22 High Visibility Signs / Markings 22

23 High Visibility Signs / Markings 23

24 Advance Yield / Stop Line 24

25 In Roadway Warning Lights 25

26 Overhead Flashing Amber Beacons 26

27 Overhead Flashing Amber Beacons 27

28 Half Signal 28

29 Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon ( HAWK ) 29

30 Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon ( HAWK ) 30

31 Research Question What treatment is most (cost) effective in different street contexts? 31

32 Research Approach Evaluate motorist yielding for different treatments in different street contexts Higher yielding = less delay, more safe Lower yielding = more delay, less safe Using Highway Capacity Manual pedestrian delay thresholds, develop algorithm to determine treatment type 32

33 Presto!! Shazam!! 33

34 Increasing traffic volume Pedestrian Volume/Demand No crosswalk marking Basic or enhanced marking/signing Yellow treatment Traffic Volume Traffic signal per MUTCD Red treatment Increasing Visibility and/or Traffic Control Increasing pedestrian volume/ demand 34

35 2 Lanes, <55 km/h Traffic Signal (Proposed MUTCD Warrant) Enhanced/ Active (E/A) Marked Crosswalk E/A High, Red Low Red 35

36 6 Lanes, >55 km/h Traffic Signal (Proposed MUTCD Warrant) E/A High, Red Low Enhanced/ Active (E/A) Red NO Marked Crosswalk Only 36

37 Questions or Comments? Shawn Turner, P.E. shawn

38 Resources / Additional Reading NCHRP Report 562 / TCRP Report 112: Alternative Treatments for At Grade Pedestrian Crossings, ITE 2001 ($37.50 US) City of Boulder (CO) Pedestrian Crossing Treatment Installation Guidelines, d=17386&itemid=5587 Safety Effects of Marked Versus Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations, FHWA 2005, Pedestrian Crossing Control Guide, TAC 2012 ($155 CN) 38

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