Total 20 creating a paradigm shift
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- Wilfrid Aldous Dean
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1 Total 20 creating a paradigm shift
2 Agenda Thanks to Transportation Alternatives 20 s Plenty for Us Why we need slower streets Establishment changes guidance Portsmouth UK s first 20mph city Successes around the country How we campaign Busting the myths Questions
3 20 s Plenty for Us National voluntary organisation supporting communities who want lower speeds for residential streets Not speed bumps Not arterial roads 20 mph limits on residential streets Total 20 Community led Establishment endorsed
4 Total 20 is winnable Total 20 returns more bangs per buck Total 20 delivers a paradigm shift in the way we share our roads Total 20 not highway engineering but social engineering Total 20 is necessary to morally or successfully promote any active travel
5 20 s Plenty for Us Formed in Nov 2007 Focussed on 20mph speed limits Three objectives Support local communities who wanted lower speed limits on their roads Lobby central government and establishment on the need for lower speeds Influence transport professionals on the need for lower speeds
6 Since then 60 local campaigns 5m people living in towns who now have a Total 20 policy. We are moving lower speeds into the mainstream of transport planning and urban development. We are acknowledged as being a catalyst in that change
7 Grass roots campaigning Professionals deliver Press influence Politicians Make policy Public pressure
8 It was over 75 years ago when there were less than 2m cars on the road that 30 mph was implemented. Now there are over 33 m!
9 The UK roads are some of the safest in the world In fact in the world we are 2 nd behind Netherlands in deaths per 100,000 population
10 How safe for children? Child(0-14) pedestrian deaths per 100,000 population, 2006 (See NAO Improving Road Safety for Cyclists and Pedestrians, App 3) We are worse than :- Finland Sweden Iceland Spain Netherlands Japan France Portugal Germany Switzerland Norway Austria Belgium Australia Canada USA
11 20mph and children New research from University of London to be published in next issue of Psychological Science. It measured how well children are able to detect approaching cars in a road crossing scenario. They have demonstrated that if a car is travelling faster than 20mph, primary school age children (6-11yrs) may not be able to tell that it is approaching.
12 UK Ireland Sweden Netherlands Luxembourg Finland Denmark Belgium Austria Spain Portugal Italy Greece France How safe for pedestrians? Pedestrian fatalities as %age total road fatalities in 2005 EU % 9.70% 9.90% 11.40% 11.90% 12.60% 12.60% 11.90% 13.30% 14.10% 15.30% 17.20% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 19% 21% B. Isles average 20% N. Europe average 11.7% S. Europe average 14.2%
13 What s the trend? 3500 UK Road Fatalities peds non-peds peds non-peds
14 Road Danger skewed to pedestrians 23.0% 22.5% 22.0% %age pedestrian road deaths 21.9% 22.5% 22.5% 21.5% 21.0% 20.5% 20.8% 21.0% 21.3% 20.0% 19.5%
15 Road Danger skewed to pedestrians 60.0% %age pedestrian road deaths 50.0% 46.0% 52% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 22.5% UK London USA NYC 10.0% 12.0% 0.0% 2008
16 How safe for cyclists? Fatalities per 10 bill km travelled Car Cyclist Pedestrian 0 Sweden Netherlands UK
17 Our observation When it comes to sharing our roads for vulnerable road users :- UK has the poorest record in Western Europe We have failed to engineer our roads for cyclists or pedestrians We maintain speed limits in residential and urban roads 60% higher than our neighbours in N. Europe We are failing in either obtaining or setting conditions for modal shift Question the morality of modal shift encouragement without changing risks for Vulnerable Road User s
18 THE KEY POINT A city that permits 30 mph on residential roads will never be child friendly and will always deter physical activity Speed becomes greed When it stops us and our children from walking or cycling on our roads through fear of traffic
19 .but the UK is changing DfT in latest White Paper admits problems 2.26 key challenges pedestrian and cyclist casualties in our towns and cities particularly in deprived communities protecting children and young people.
20 Changing Urban Speed Limits < mph limit for all vehicles 1930 No limit for light motor vehicles mph limit in built-up streets <1999 Secretary of sate approval for 20mph mph zones popular but expensive 2006 New guidance suggests 20mph if average speed below 24mph 2009 New guidance recognises area wide limits
21 20 mph Zone 20mph zones were developed throughout the 90 s The speed in these zones is reduced by building speed reducing features
22 20mph limits By signing the entry points Using repeater signs throughout the area
23 Portsmouth UK s first 20mph city 1778 HMS Victory 2000 Spinnaker Tower 2008 Total 20
24 What Portsmouth did in 2008 Portsmouth has a population of 197,000 and is one of the highest density towns in Europe. It is the UK s only island city. In 2004 embarked on a plan to implement 20mph zones with traffic calming In 2006 after 3 fatalities on one road decided to go beyond DfT guidance and implemented limits across whole town by March 2008
25 HowPortsmouth did it in 2008 Portsmouth CC went beyond DfT Guidance 01/2006 :- Permanent scheme not a pilot Authority wide speed limit not zones No additional physical calming Public support and consultation engagement Excluded many (but not all) main roads and arterial roads Completed in 9 months Cost 475,000 for 1200 roads Accomplished by traffic orders, 200 roads at a time No Secretary of State approval required Created a collective community commitment to Road Safety 18 months later DfT changed guidance
26 Typical Portsmouth 20 mph Streets
27 20 mph limits results? DfT 2 year on audit Casualties down 22% Children (0-15) Elderly (70+) All Pedestrians -12% -21% -16% Passengers -26% 1% -37% Driver/Rider -29% -26% -21% All -20% -16% -22% Speeds down by 7.4 mph on faster roads Lower noise Better quality of life DfT issued new guidelines as a result
28 Busting the Myths It increases journey times by 50% The Police won t enforce it It increases pollution It s not as good as 20mph zones Drivers won t like it
29 Effect on journey Urban journeys times determined by stops not speed Usual increase is just 20 seconds Most houses within 1/3 mile of arterial route 1/3 mile at 30 mph = 40 seconds 1/3 mile at 20 mph = 60 seconds Difference is just 20 seconds Probably < 1min even if main roads included* Changed perceptions Normal speed is 20 mph around people Hence 20 s Plenty where people live Speed up to 30 mph where safe * European Commission Kids on the Move
30 Police enforcement Establish and demonstrate wide community support Engage the people Challenge police if not supportive For Total 20 it s the same roads Latest guidance supports routine enforcement Compliance as a lifestyle and family decision
31 Effect on emissions Belgium - Unlikely to significantly influence on emissions Luc Int Panis Carolien Beckx and Steven Broekx, Impact of 30 Km/H zone introduction on vehicle exhaust emissions in urban areas Germany - When 30 kph zones were introduced in Germany, car drivers on average had to change gear 12% less often, use their brakes 14% less often and require 12% less fuel. An illustrated guide to traffic calming, Dr Carmen Hass-Klau, 1990 UK There may also be environmental benefits, as generally, driving more slowly at a steady pace will save fuel and carbon dioxide emissions, unless an unnecessarily low gear is used. DfT Speed Limit Circular Dec 09 Removes all mph acceleration Shift to walking and cycling reduces emissions when walking or cycling
32 Roadblockers Highway engineers Many years maximising motor vehicle throughput Not sensitised to vulnerable road user needs Failure to see bigger picture Police officers Don t want responsibility for enforcement Politicians Fail to understand support for lower speeds Fixated on satisfying motoring lobby
33 Do they know what we prefer? 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Citizens prefer Decision-makers think citizens prefer Decision-makers prefer Motorised Private Modes Environmentally Friendly Modes Citizens think decisionmakers prefer A 1991 study by Socialdata found that across the European Union, both decisionmakers and citizens overwhelmingly want to see environmentally friendly modes favoured, but each believes the other to be pro-car. As a result pro-car measures have predominated
34 20mph limits vs 20mph zones Take a community with 50 miles of roads and $160,000 to spend 20mph Limit (Total 20) 50 miles cost $160k Average speed drops 1.3mph Total average speed drop 1.3mph 6.5 times more effective for same expenditure 20mph Zone 1 mile costs $160k Average speed drops 10mph Average speed on other roads remains Total average speed drop 0.2mph
35 Effect on driving Establishes sensible sharing of roads Removes pace and sprinting Eases fluidity at junctions Provides more time for collision avoidance Compliance becomes a lifestyle decision 20 s Plenty where people live, or shop, or walk, or cycle Minimal effect on journey times (20 seconds) Maximises family benefit for drivers. Compliance decision made in home Increases engagement with community 72% of drivers in agreement
36 Issues for success 1.Follow due democratic process Use the press Maximise breadth of debate Involve communities and wider establishment Remember its their streets The press and media Campaign as people Not antimotorist Community driven - POWER Member supported - DECISION Officer implemented - EXECUTION Public Health Education Voluntary Orgs Total 20 - SUCCESS
37 Issues for success 2.Total 20 consistent 20 s Plenty where people are Clear understanding that your community is a 20 mph place. 3.Win hearts and minds Expect alternative views, but deal with them and move on Total 20 is a 21st century solution, We all have 20th century baggage Create a community consensus Constraint (speed bumps) are easy Restraint (behaviour change) takes time and effort but bring real and lasting results
38 Who wins : Local democracy wins community enablement Child mobility wins walking and cycling Road Danger Reduction wins lower death & injury Economy wins lower costs of collisions The environment wins lower emissions Communities win lower noise Motorists win calmer traffic Politicians win delivering what people want
39 20 s Plenty activity in UK Colchester Oxford Portsmouth Bristol Norwich Hackney Islington 20 mph borough Lancaster Preston Worthing Brighton & Hove Sheffield Knutsford Liverpool York Manchester Lambeth Birmingham Bodmin Hartlepool Chesterfield Crewe Wilmslow Cheltenham Farnhill Marazion Chichester Hartlepool Manchester Cambridge
40 20 s Plenty successes in the UK
41
42 Thank you for your time Your questions please!
43 Bristol Bristol
44 Bristol 2008 Bristol 2008
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