The Effect of Pavement Marking on Speed. Reduction in Exclusive Motorcycle Lane. in Malaysia
|
|
- Mark Lawrence
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 3, 2010, no. 3, The Effect of Pavement Marking on Speed Reduction in Exclusive Motorcycle Lane in Malaysia Seyed Farzin Faezi PhD student in highway and Transportation Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Hussain Hamid Department of Civil Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia eng.upm.edu.my Seyed Rasool Davoodi PhD student in highway and Transportation Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Abstract A major problem in Malaysia is the high number of motorcycle accidents. The high percentage of motorcycle accidents has proved that motorcycle is a dangerous, unfavourable means of transportation in Malaysia. Given such situation, it is reasonable to pay due attention to this matter. A major factor contributing to the occurrence of accidents is high speed, which in turn increases the probability and severity of accidents. One effective way of improving safety is controlling riding speed. Another efficient way to control riding speed is to inform motorcyclists of the appropriate speed for a particular road. Under some conditions, motorcyclists may not be aware they are riding at a high speed. By influencing the motorcyclist s perception of the traffic situation, the motorcyclists come to a better understanding of the appropriacy of a lower speed. As speed perception depends on cues in the visual environment, road environment could be
2 150 S. F. Faezi, H. Hamid and S. R. Davoodi changed to improve motorcyclists perception of speed and thus encourage them to lower their speeds. For the purpose of this study, a pavement marking pattern was employed and traffic speeds were analysed before and after installation of the pavement markings at four exits in exclusive motorcycle lane in Malaysia. This study concentrates on the effect of pavement marking on speed reduction on exit ways. Moreover, the study attempts to improve the procedures used to select speedrelated safety countermeasures and contribute toward safer roads with lower cost solutions. The present study starts with a meticulous review of past studies that were conducted on establishing and proving the relationship between vehicle speed, crash occurrence and speed reduction. Results demonstrated that markings were effective in reducing speeds of motorcyclist. There was approximately a 4.23 km/h reduction in average speeds, a 5 km/h reduction in median speed, and a 3 km/h reduction in 85th percentile speeds. Keywords: Exclusive motorcycle lane, Speed reduction, Pavement marking, Exit way 1 Introduction Pavement markings include lines, words, text, arrows and other markings that are painted on the roadway. Pavement markings are usually installed before the hazardous locations (horizontal curve tangents, roundabout approaches, intersection approaches, construction areas, and off ramps) in order to provide motorists with sufficient reaction time. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) describes the two most frequently used types of pavement markings, that is, longitudinal and transverse markings [1]. The longitudinal category typically consists of centre and edge line markings and lane lines. The transverse category typically includes crosswalk lines, intersection stop lines and similar markings. Pavement markings can have many different meanings. Regardless of their meanings, however, pavement markings are used to inform and warn drivers, pedestrians, and bicyclists of local and federal regulations and potentially hazardous locations. Perhaps, the greatest advantage of using pavement markings is the fact that they give this opportunity to drivers to focus their attention where the hazard is most likely to be located on the roadway[1]. Speeding is one of the most significant factors contributing to fatal collisions [2]. Excessive speeds reduce a driver s ability to react and manoeuvre properly. The severity of accidents, particularly those involving pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists, increases significantly with the speed of collision. Speeding-related crashes are an issue that can be handled properly with increased efforts in education, engineering, and enforcement. Currently there are many actions that
3 Effect of pavement marking on speed reduction 151 are being done in the nation and around the world in order to reduce these types of accidents. Most of the accidents that happen at high speeds result in severe or fatal injuries. Sabey suggested that high driving speed is an important factor that is responsible for about 23% of the accidents in the UK, and that there exists a clear relationship between speed level and the number of accidents[2]. The severity of an accident is in direct relationship with the speed level, since high speeds increase the exposure to dangerous situations, and limit the time needed to respond properly in unexpected situations. When a fast moving vehicle is involved in an accident, the consequences are much worse as compared to the situation in which a vehicle is moving at lower speeds. Several studies [3, 4] show that reducing speed to an average of 2 to 5 km/h can lead to decrease of injuries and fatal accidents, up to 30%. In addition to actual driving speed, the distribution of driving speed plays an important role in accident risk. Studies have shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between speed variance and accident rate[5]. On motorways, the risk of accident occurrence increases as vehicle speed deviates from the average speed limit. Garber argues that speed changes depend on the level of the actual driving speed[6]. This is proved by the fact that the fluctuation of speed on motorways is higher than that on rural roads, although this can partly be accounted for by the differences in driving speed between various kinds of vehicles on motorways. If there are large differences in speed between vehicles in a traffic stream, slower moving traffic may form an obstacle for faster traffic. Such being the case, the present study intends to examine the effectiveness of pavement markings in reducing speed on exit ways in exclusive motorcycle lane. 2 Background Pavement markings are often placed with the goal to improve the safety of the roadway at known hazardous locations. Indeed, they are used to supplement the regulations or warnings of other traffic control devices, such as traffic signs or signals. Sometimes they are used alone to convey regulations or warning, which would not be conveyed by other traffic control devices. Moreover, they can be used to encourage drivers to drive at a proper speed without actually exceeding the speed limit. Even though riders know the fact that it is their responsibility to ride at a safe speed, they need to be able to receive cues from the roadway environment as to what that safe speed is. On the other hand, the increasing number of motorcycles in Malaysia in recent years has become a serious problem in safety issues and traffic system management in urban areas. In fact, motorcycle safety is becoming an increasingly significant concern in Malaysia. Radin showed that motorcyclists contributed more than 60% of the injuries and almost 60% of the fatal accidents that occurred on Malaysian roads. He also maintains that speeding is considered to be a contributing factor in fatal crashes[7]. With the goal to reduce speed on roadway segments where speed is considered to be a safety concern, pavement
4 152 S. F. Faezi, H. Hamid and S. R. Davoodi marking patterns that give a psychological appearance of decreasing speed have been considered as a relatively cost-effective solution to the problem. Perceptual cues are one potential method of convincing motorists to slow down and hence save lives. 3 Method 3.1 Research Approach The approach underlying this study is to determine longitudinal and transverse markings that seem to be able to reduce motorcyclists speed. Four field locations were chosen in which before and after speed data were collected. The markings were then evaluated, based on which a recommendation is made. 3.2 Data Collection With high proportion and remarkable characteristics of motorcycle, exclusive motorcycle line in Federal Highway F02, SHAH ALAM is a good representative to conduct this research. Four sites were chosen for the installation longitudinal and transverse marking patterns. The markings were designed individually for each site so that a comfortable deceleration could be made to go from the initial speed to the final speed. The researcher visited the four sites to make sure that there would not be any concern with the sites and then collected before data for a period of eight hours on one typical weekday (Fig. 1). Data collection occurred upstream of the treatment as well as downstream at the end of the treatment area, just prior to entering the exit way. There were two data collection reported in this study. The first was prior to the installation of the markings. The second data collection took place after the installation. It was anticipated to collect data only on clear days where weather is not a major factor on motorcyclist speeds. After the markings were installed, data were collected again to determine the effects of the pavement markings. Additionally, weather data as well as pavement condition were noted and data were only used for periods with dry roadway conditions. The traffic data collection devices were verified with laser speed gun detector (ULTRA LITE, Lt ). A laptop computer was used to verify the data as well as to download the data. A before-and-after design with control was employed. Traffic speeds in both down and upstream were measured before and after installation of the pavement markings.
5 Effect of pavement marking on speed reduction 153 Fig.1. Road Surface after Pavement Marking Installation, F02 Highway, Malaysia 3.3 Data Analysis Speed data analyses were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the pavement markings. For each speed analysis, the mean, median, variance, and 85th percentile speeds were observed. The total number of motorcyclists was 4800 and total number of motorcyclists that measured speed was 640 and SPSS software was used to process raw data. Analysis of t-test statistical tests were used with the before and directly after, to determine significance. There were also comparisons between the two treatments for significance as well. The analysis concerned weather, pavement, and other environmental characteristics to try to minimize the chance that any variables other than the marking would influence the results of the study. 4 RESULTS Table-1 summarizes changes in mean speeds, and 85th percentile speeds. The pavement markings appeared to have affected the speed of motorcyclists when observing the before and after data. Data collection occurred upstream of the treatment as well as downstream at the end of the treatment area. The pattern had a significant effect on both 85th percentile and mean speeds. The effects of the treatments were evaluated in three ways: 1) mean speed, 2) speed variance, and 3) 85th percentile speed. In both the before data and after data, there was approximately a 4.23 km/h reduction in the average speed, a 5 km/h reduction in the median speed, and a 3 km/h reduction in the 85th percentile speed. The
6 154 S. F. Faezi, H. Hamid and S. R. Davoodi longitudinal and transverse markings have shown to produce significant reductions in all three evaluation ways. Table 1 Compare before and after pavement marking installation Upstream Downstream Before Mean (km/h) Median (km/h) N Std. Deviation th Percentile (km/h) After Mean (km/h) Median (km/h) N Std. Deviation th Percentile (km/h) Reduction Mean (km/h) 4.23 Median (km/h) 5 Std. Deviation th Percentile (km/h) 3 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Speeding is one of the major factors that result in fatal crashes in the Malaysia as well as the rest of the world. This low cost countermeasure is when used appropriately and at critical safety hazard locations have the opportunity to decrease speed and as a result, decrease the number of fatal crashes. Also motorcyclist crashes occur more frequently on exit ways and tend to be more severe than other crashes. Many factors contribute to such crashes. Such factors include driver impairment, fatigue, inattention, visual deficits, and speed. Although most rider factors are not within the control of transportation engineers, it can be seen from the present study that strategically placed pavement markings can influence motorcyclist speed reduction that enter exit roadway sections. The speed decision made is most probably a factor that is related to the degree of safety that a motorcyclist feels while riding on a particular roadway road. A rider s perception of his or her environment will influence the speed with which he or she will travel. The objective of this study was to improve the procedures adopted to select speed-related safety countermeasures and contribute to safer roads with low cost effective solutions. The study began with a detailed review of past research related to vehicle that focused on establishing and documenting the relationship between speed and crash occurrence.
7 Effect of pavement marking on speed reduction 155 Overall, the results of the study showed that there was a significant decrease of speed. As a result, even a small reduction in mean traffic speeds is likely to result in significant safety benefits. REFERENCES [1] Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, [2] B. Sabey, and H. Taylor, The Known Risks we Run: The Highway, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, TRRL Supplementary Report 567, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK, (1980). [3] K. Agent, Transverse Pavement Markings for Speed Control and Accident Reduction, Transportation Research Record 773, (1980). [4] R. A. Retting, R. McGee, and C. Farmer, Influence of Experimental Pavement Markings on Urban Freeway Exit-Ramp Speeds, Transportation Research Record 1705, [5] R. Davidse, C. V. Driel, and C. Goldenbeld, The Effect of Altered Road Markings on Speed and Lateral Position, SWOV, Institute for Road Safety Research, The Netherlands, Leidschendam, (2004). [6] N. J. Garber, and R. Gadiraju, Factors Influencing Speed Variance and its Influence on Accidents, Transportation Research Record 1213, (1989), [7] R. S. Umar, M.G. Mackay, and B.L. Hills, Preliminary Analysis of Exclusive Motorcycle Lanes along the Federal Highway F02, Shah Alam, Malaysia. IATSS Research, 19(2) (1995). Received: March, 2010
Pavement Markings for Speed Reduction
Pavement Markings for Speed Reduction Final Report December 2004 Prepared by: Bryan J. Katz Science Applications International Corporation Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center 6300 Georgetown Pike,
More informationCHAPTER 1 STANDARD PRACTICES
CHAPTER 1 STANDARD PRACTICES OBJECTIVES 1) Functions and Limitations 2) Standardization of Application 3) Materials 4) Colors 5) Widths and Patterns of Longitudinal Pavement Marking Lines 6) General Principles
More informationOVERVIEW OF CURRENT ROAD SAFETY SITUATION IN MALAYSIA
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT ROAD SAFETY SITUATION IN MALAYSIA Mohamad Nizam Mustafa Highway Planning Unit Road Safety Section Ministry of Works Jalan Sultan Salahuddin 50580 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ABSTRACT Road
More informationAccess Location, Spacing, Turn Lanes, and Medians
Design Manual Chapter 5 - Roadway Design 5L - Access Management 5L-3 Access Location, Spacing, Turn Lanes, and Medians This section addresses access location, spacing, turn lane and median needs, including
More information1.3.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSIFICATIONS
Geometric Design Guide for Canadian Roads 1.3.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSIFICATIONS The principal characteristics of each of the six groups of road classifications are described by the following figure
More informationFigure 3B-1. Examples of Two-Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications
Figure 3B-1. Examples of Two-Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications A - Typical two-lane, two-way marking with passing permitted in both directions B - Typical two-lane, two-way marking with no-passing zones
More informationCrash Patterns in Western Australia. Kidd B., Main Roads Western Australia Willett P., Traffic Research Services
Crash Patterns in Western Australia Kidd B., Main Roads Western Australia Willett P., Traffic Research Services Abstract Examination of crash patterns is one way of identifying key factors on which focus
More informationDesigning for Pedestrian Safety
Designing for Pedestrian Safety Treatments at Unsignalized Pedestrian Crossings Presented by: Charlie Zegeer PBIC Director August 17, 2010 Crossing Crashes Part 1: General Principles 3 2 Why do people
More informationAn Analysis of Reducing Pedestrian-Walking-Speed Impacts on Intersection Traffic MOEs
An Analysis of Reducing Pedestrian-Walking-Speed Impacts on Intersection Traffic MOEs A Thesis Proposal By XIAOHAN LI Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University In partial fulfillment
More informationAdvance Yield Markings Reduce Motor Vehicle/Pedestrian. Conflicts at Multilane Crosswalks with an Uncontrolled Approach.
Advance Yield Markings Reduce Motor Vehicle/Pedestrian Conflicts at Multilane Crosswalks with an Uncontrolled Approach by Ron Van Houten Mount Saint Vincent University J.E. Louis Malenfant Center for Education
More informationChapter V TRAFFIC CONTROLS. Tewodros N.
Chapter V TRAFFIC CONTROLS www.tnigatu.wordpress.com tedynihe@gmail.com Lecture Overview Traffic markings Longitudinal markings Transverse markings Object markers and delineator Traffic signs Regulatory
More informationBicycle - Motor Vehicle Collisions on Controlled Access Highways in Arizona
Bicycle - Motor Vehicle Collisions on Controlled Access Highways in Arizona Analysis from January 1, 1991 to June 30, 2002 Richard C. Moeur, PE Traffic Design Manager, Northern Region Michelle N. Bina
More informationToolbox of Countermeasures and Their Potential Effectiveness to Make Intersections Safer
8 Toolbox of Countermeasures and Their to Make Intersections Safer Introduction Studies included in the NCHRP 17-18 (3), Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, as well
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN HIGHWAY RAIL LEVEL CROSSING SAFETY SYSTEMS: A PROPOSED RESEARCH FRAMEWORK. Siti Zaharah Ishak
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN HIGHWAY RAIL LEVEL CROSSING SAFETY SYSTEMS: A PROPOSED RESEARCH FRAMEWORK Siti Zaharah Ishak Transport System Centre, School of Natural & Built Environments, University Of
More informationROUNDABOUTS/TRAFFIC CIRCLES
GENERAL 1. Description This standard identifies minimum requirements that shall be met for Roundabouts and Neighborhood Traffic Circles in the design and construction of elements for Arlington County Horizontal
More informationTruck Climbing Lane Traffic Justification Report
ROUTE 7 (HARRY BYRD HIGHWAY) WESTBOUND FROM WEST MARKET STREET TO ROUTE 9 (CHARLES TOWN PIKE) Truck Climbing Lane Traffic Justification Report Project No. 6007-053-133, P 101 Ι UPC No. 58599 Prepared by:
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES. North Harrison Street (Lee Highway to Little Falls Road) Comparative Analysis. Prepared for:
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES North Harrison Street (Lee Highway to Little Falls Road) Comparative Analysis Prepared for: Arlington County Department of Environmental Services 2100 Clarendon Boulevard,
More informationSafety Effects of Left exit on Freeway: A Case Study in Florida, USA
Safety Effects of Left exit on Freeway: A Case Study in Florida, USA J. Zhao H. Zhou Abstract The traffic flow at three left exits was recorded and data collected include vehicle speed, traffic volume,
More informationPERCEPTUAL PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND THEIR APPLICATION
PERCEPTUAL PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND THEIR APPLICATION Li Chang-cheng 1,2, Tang Jun-jun 2, Han Hui 2 (1 Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Road Safety Ministry of
More informationAcknowledgements. Mr. David Nicol 3/23/2012. Daniel Camacho, P.E. Highway Engineer Federal Highway Administration Puerto Rico Division
Daniel Camacho, P.E. Highway Engineer Federal Highway Administration Puerto Rico Division Acknowledgements Mr. David Nicol Director, FHWA Office of Safety FHWA Office of Safety http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/provencountermeasures/
More informationCHAPTER 3A. GENERAL PAGE CHAPTER 3B. PAVEMENT AND CURB MARKINGS PAGE
Virginia Supplement to the 2009 MUTCD Revision 1 Page TC-3-1 PART 3. MARKINGS CHAPTER 3A. GENERAL PAGE Section 3A.01 Functions and Limitations Section 3A.02 Standardization of Application Section 3A.03
More informationTraffic Signs and Markings. Instructor: Dr. Yahya Sarraj Associate Prof. Of Transportation
and Markings Instructor: Dr. Yahya Sarraj Associate Prof. Of Transportation Definition; A traffic sign is defined as a device mounted on a fixed or portable support whereby a specific message is conveyed
More informationResidential Traffic Calming Program Guide. Town of Ashland, Virginia
Residential Traffic Calming Program Guide Town of Ashland, Virginia August 1, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION... 1 B. GOALS... 1 C. CRITERIA... 1 D. IDENTIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC CONCERNS...
More informationProposal of Pavement Markings for Speed Reduction on Road Curves
Proposal of Pavement Markings for Speed Reduction on Road Curves Name: Lee, Jong-Hak / Position: Researcher / Company: Korea Institute of Construction Technology / Address: 2311, Daehwa-dong, Ilsan-gu,
More informationTHE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW-COST TRAFFIC CALMING APPLICATIONS APPROPRIATE FOR MAIN STREETS THROUGH RURAL COMMUNITIES
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW-COST TRAFFIC CALMING APPLICATIONS APPROPRIATE FOR MAIN STREETS THROUGH RURAL COMMUNITIES Eric R. Petersen Civil Engineering (M.S.) Student Iowa State University (515) 223-6534
More informationReduction of Speed Limit at Approaches to Railway Level Crossings in WA. Main Roads WA. Presenter - Brian Kidd
Australasian College of Road Safety Conference A Safe System: Making it Happen! Melbourne 1-2 September 2011 Reduction of Speed Limit at Approaches to Railway Level Crossings in WA Radalj T 1, Kidd B 1
More informationThe Problem. Contributing Factors. Who is Most At Risk?
The Problem Thousands of Pedestrians are Killed or Injured Every Year Fatalities in 2002 5,000 71% in urban areas 89% in normal weather 65% at night Injuries in 2002 71,000 One every 7 minutes Source:
More informationFlorida s Intersection Safety Implementation Plan (ISIP)
Florida Department of TRANSPORTATION Florida s Intersection Safety Implementation Plan (ISIP) Alan El-Urfali, PE State Traffic Engineering and Operations Office March 28, 2017 Intersection Safety Implementation
More informationPedestrian Safety at Roundabouts. Presentation to the Howard-Suamico School Board November 26, 2007
Pedestrian Safety at Roundabouts Presentation to the Howard-Suamico School Board November 26, 2007 Roundabouts that have replaced stop signs and traffic signals have reduced the number and severity of
More informationAccess Management in the Vicinity of Intersections
Access Management in the Vicinity of Intersections FHWA-SA-10-002 Technical Summary Photo: Ralph Bentley (used with permission) 0 Access Management is: The design, implementation and management of entry
More informationAnalysis of the Red Light Camera Program in Garden Grove, CA By Jay Beeber, Executive Director, Safer Streets L.A., Member ITE
Analysis of the Red Light Camera Program in Garden Grove, CA By Jay Beeber, Executive Director, Safer Streets L.A., Member ITE The following report is a detailed discussion of the Red Light Camera (RLC)
More informationOn street parking manoeuvres and their effects on design
On street parking manoeuvres and their effects on design Purnawan, and Yousif, S Title Authors Type URL Published Date 1999 On street parking manoeuvres and their effects on design Purnawan, and Yousif,
More informationITARDA INFORMATION. No.128. Special feature
ITARDA INFORMATION No.128 Special feature Special feature Accidents when four-wheel vehicles are reversing ~ Drivers must thoroughly check behind them, especially in parking lots! ~ Introduction You may
More informationEffects of Geometry on Speed Flow Relationships for Two Lane Single Carriageway Roads Othman CHE PUAN 1,* and Nur Syahriza MUHAMAD NOR 2
2016 International Conference on Computational Modeling, Simulation and Applied Mathematics (CMSAM 2016) ISBN: 978-1-60595-385-4 Effects of Geometry on Speed Flow Relationships for Two Lane Single Carriageway
More informationRoad Markings. Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering. Prof. Tom V. Mathew. 1 Overview 1. 2 Classification 2
Road Markings Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering Prof. Tom V. Mathew Contents 1 Overview 1 2 Classification 2 3 Longitudinal markings 2 3.1 Center line.....................................
More informationPublic Opinion, Traffic Performance, the Environment, and Safety After Construction of Double-Lane Roundabouts
Public Opinion, Traffic Performance, the Environment, and Safety After Construction of Double-Lane Roundabouts TRB 93 rd Annual Meeting Washington, D.C. January 15, 2014 Wen Hu, Ph.D. Intersection crashes
More informationSCHOOL CROSSING PROTECTION CRITERIA
CITY OF MADISON TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SCHOOL CROSSING PROTECTION CRITERIA January 2016 Adopted as Policy on August 31, 1976, by Common Council by Amended Resolution #29,540 Amended on September 14, 1976,
More informationCharacteristics of Traffic Accidents in Highway Work Zones
Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Highway Work Zones A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF WORK ZONE ACCIDENTS REPORTED ON NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ESTABLISHED THE PREDOMINANT
More informationSafety Evaluation at Innovative Geometric Designs Gilbert Chlewicki, PE Advanced Transportation Solutions
2016 ITE Mid-Colonial District Annual Conference Wilmington, Delaware Safety Evaluation at Innovative Geometric Designs Gilbert Chlewicki, PE Advanced Transportation Solutions April 18, 2016 WHY INNOVATIVE
More informationMRI-2: Integrated Simulation and Safety
MRI-2: Integrated Simulation and Safety Year 3 2 nd Quarterly Report Submitted by: Dr. Essam Radwan, P.E. (PI), Ahmed.Radwan@ucf.edu Dr. Hatem Abou-Senna, P.E., habousenna@ucf.edu Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Aty,
More informationMUTCD Part 6G: Type of Temporary Traffic Control Zone Activities
MUTCD Part 6G: Type of Temporary Traffic Control Zone Activities 6G.01 Typical Applications Each temporary traffic control (TTC) zone is different. Many variables, such as location of work, highway type,
More informationRoad Markings. Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering. Prof. Tom V. Mathew
Road Markings Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering Prof. Tom V. Mathew 1 Overview The essential purpose of road markings is to guide and control traffic on a highway. They supplement the
More informationDilemma Zone Conflicts at Isolated Intersections Controlled with Fixed time and Vehicle Actuated Traffic Signal Systems
International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol:10 No:03 15 Dilemma Zone Conflicts at Isolated Intersections Controlled with Fixed time and Vehicle Actuated Traffic Signal Systems
More informationINTERSECTIONS AT GRADE INTERSECTIONS
INTERSECTIONS 1 AT GRADE INTERSECTIONS INTERSECTIONS INTERSECTIONS = INTERRUPTED FACILITIES Definitions and key elements An intersection is defined as an area where two or more roadways join or cross.
More informationRoundabout Design: Safety and Capacity Background Paper July 25, 2004
Roundabout Design: Safety and Capacity Background Paper July 25, 2004 Introduction According to the May 13, 2000 Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Status Report, roundabouts have been shown
More informationTraffic Control Devices
533372 Highway Engineering Traffic Control Devices Traffic Control Devices o The media by which traffic engineers communicate with drivers o Every traffic law, regulation, or operating instruction must
More informationProven Safety Countermeasures. FHWA Office of Safety January 12, :00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time
Proven Safety Countermeasures FHWA Office of Safety January 12, 2012 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time Introduction and Background While States should still be considering the application of all of the
More informationJ Street and Folsom Boulevard Lane Conversion Project (T ) Before and After Traffic Evaluation
J Street and Folsom Boulevard Lane Conversion Project (T15125400) Before and After Traffic Evaluation Prepared by Transportation Division June 2014 Executive Summary On February 12, 2013, the City of Sacramento
More informationRAMP CROSSWALK TREATMENT FOR SAN DIEGO AIRPORT, TERMINAL ONE
RAMP CROSSWALK TREATMENT FOR SAN DIEGO AIRPORT, TERMINAL ONE AUTHORS Faisal Hamood, P.Eng, M.Eng. Scott O. Kuznicki, P.E. Leonard Perry, Ph.D. SUBMITTAL DATE Friday, May 12 th, 2017 SUBMITTED FOR THE Annual
More informationTRAFFIC LINE MANUAL. June 2011 TRAFFIC-ROADWAY SECTION
TRAFFIC LINE MANUAL TRAFFIC-ROADWAY SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword...iv Section A: General Principles A-1 Functions and Limitations... 1 A-2 Colors... 1 A-3 Colored Pavements... 1 A-4 Functions, Widths,
More informationAttachment No. 13. National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices RWSTC RECOMMENDATION FOLLOWING SPONSOR COMMENTS
1 2 3 4 Attachment No. 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 RWSTC agenda item IV. 2 June 2011 National Committee on Uniform
More informationBasic Idea MEANS TO REDUCE OPERATING SPEEDS ON CURVES. Objectives. Review of Literature. CE 635 Highway Safety Spring 09
MEANS TO REDUCE OPERATING SPEEDS ON CURVES Adam Vest Kimley-Horn Dr. Nikiforos Stamatiadis, P.E University of Kentucky Basic Idea Provide driver with clues to impact operating speed Reduce proliferation
More informationMacroscopic Determination of Speed and Flow Using Moving Car Observer Method in Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Macroscopic Determination of Speed and Flow Using Moving Car Observer Method in Johor Bahru, Malaysia ARASH MORADKHANI ROSHANDEH Department of Geotechnics and Transportation Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
More informationWhy Zone In on Speed Reduction?
Learn it. Do it. Live it! SPEED REDUCTION IN THE ZONE Why Zone In on Speed Reduction? Speeding is a serious issue that plays a major role in the risk of serious injury and pedestrian fatality in a crash.
More informationSafety Assessment of Installing Traffic Signals at High-Speed Expressway Intersections
Safety Assessment of Installing Traffic Signals at High-Speed Expressway Intersections Todd Knox Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University 2901 South Loop Drive, Suite 3100
More informationLECTUR 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DRIVER, THE PEDESTRIAN, THE VEHICLE AND THE ROAD. One problem that faces traffic and transportation engineers is:
LECTUR 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DRIVER, THE PEDESTRIAN, THE VEHICLE AND THE ROAD 3.1 DRIVER CHARACTERISTICS Physiological Measurable and Usually Quantifiable Psychological Much more difficult to measure
More informationCity of Albert Lea Policy and Procedure Manual 4.10 ALBERT LEA CROSSWALK POLICY
4.10 ALBERT LEA CROSSWALK POLICY PURPOSE: Pedestrian crosswalks are an integral part of our transportation infrastructure. To be effective and promote safety, marked crosswalks must be installed after
More informationTraffic Calming & Cyclists
Traffic Calming & Cyclists In the planning, design, and operation of transportation facilities bicyclists and pedestrians should be included as a matter of routine and the decision not to accommodate them
More informationPEDESTRIAN ACCOMMODATIONS DPS 201 AT ROUNDABOUTS
PEDESTRIAN ACCOMMODATIONS DPS 201 AT ROUNDABOUTS WHY THEY WORK FOR PEDESTRIANS IF DESIGNED CORRECTLY Separated sidewalks direct peds to crosswalks Splitter island Slow speed exit Truck apron Crosswalk
More informationDilemma Zone Conflicts at Isolated Intersections Controlled with Fixed time and Vehicle Actuated Traffic Signal Systems
International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 10 No: 03 19 Dilemma Zone Conflicts at Isolated Intersections Controlled with Fixed time and Vehicle Actuated Traffic Signal
More informationPavement Markings (1 of 3)
Pavement Markings (1 of 3) DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION Disadvantages Relatively high cost (over typical Crash reduction as yet unknown painted edge line) No tactile effect The STOP AHEAD pavement marking
More informationLessons Learned from the Minnesota County Road Safety Plans. Richard Storm CH2M HILL
Lessons Learned from the Minnesota County Road Safety Plans Richard Storm CH2M HILL May 21, 2014 Overview of the MN CRSP: Why Prepare Safety Plans for Local Systems? MAP-21: Requires states to address
More informationRelationship of Road Lane Width to Safety for Urban and Suburban Arterials
Relationship of Road Lane Width to Safety for Urban and Suburban Arterials Phd. Alma AFEZOLLI Polytechnic University of Tirana Construction and Infrastructure Department of Civil Engineering Faculty Tirana,
More informationTRAFFIC LINE MANUAL Edition Revision 1 June 2012 TRAFFIC-ROADWAY SECTION
TRAFFIC LINE MANUAL 2011 Edition Revision 1 June 2012 TRAFFIC-ROADWAY SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword...iv Section A: General Principles A-1 Functions and Limitations... 1 A-2 Colors... 1 A-3 Colored
More informationEFFICIENCY OF TRIPLE LEFT-TURN LANES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
EFFICIENCY OF TRIPLE LEFT-TURN LANES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS Khaled Shaaban, Ph.D., P.E., PTOE (a) (a) Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Qatar University (a) kshaaban@qu.edu.qa
More informationSCHOOL CROSSING PROTECTION CRITERIA
CITY OF MADISON TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SCHOOL CROSSING PROTECTION CRITERIA AUGUST 1990 Adopted as Policy on August 31, 1976, by Common Council by Amended Resolution #29,540 Amended on September 14, 1976,
More informationThe 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) (Brief) Highlights for Arizona Practitioners. Arizona Department of Transportation
The 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) (Brief) Highlights for Arizona Practitioners Arizona Department of Transportation New 2009 MUTCD 9 Parts (down from 10 in 2003) 816 pages (up
More informationA Review of Roundabout Safety Performance in the United States
A Review of Roundabout Safety Performance in the United States 1.0 Introduction Aimee Flannery, Ph.D. Lily Elefteriadou, Ph.D. Roundabouts are a new form of at-grade intersection design that have been
More informationa. Paint your vehicle a different color b. Install a new muffler c. Sell or transfer your vehicle
Reference: If you do not know the answer, refer to: Note: CDH stands for the California Driver Handbook Final Exam No. 1 1. You must notify DMV within 5 days if you: Question 1. CDH page 89 a. Paint your
More informationMilitary Road Safety Improvements
Military Road Safety Improvements 26 th Road North to 31 st Street North SUMMARY OF DATA REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS Prepared for: Department of Environmental Services Traffic Engineering and
More informationChapter 5 DATA COLLECTION FOR TRANSPORTATION SAFETY STUDIES
Chapter 5 DATA COLLECTION FOR TRANSPORTATION SAFETY STUDIES 5.1 PURPOSE (1) The purpose of the Traffic Safety Studies chapter is to provide guidance on the data collection requirements for conducting a
More informationA Study of Effectiveness of Midblock Pedestrian Crossings: Analyzing a Selection of High-Visibility Warning Signs
: Analyzing a Selection of High-Visibility Warning Signs Rebekka Apardian Bhuiyan Monwar Alam Associate Professor, Department of Geography & Planning, The University of Toledo, Abstract The purpose of
More informationChapter 4 Traffic Analysis
Chapter 4 Traffic Analysis PURPOSE The traffic analysis component of the K-68 Corridor Management Plan incorporates information on the existing transportation network, such as traffic volumes and intersection
More informationBicycle-Specific Traffic Control Is it "Bicycle-Friendly"?
Bicycle-Specific Traffic Control Is it "Bicycle-Friendly"? Richard C. Moeur, P.E. In the United States, the Uniform Vehicle Code and most state laws treat bicyclists as having much the same rights and
More informationAn International Experience on the Safety Performance of 2+1 cross-section. Basil Psarianos Nat l Techn. Univ. Athens, Greece
An International Experience on the Safety Performance of 2+1 cross-section Basil Psarianos Nat l Techn. Univ. Athens, Greece bpsarian@mail.ntua.gr What is a 2+1 cross-section? It s a 3 lane rural road
More informationWhy do you think the chances of a collision are greater at an intersection than at any other point on the roadway?
UNIT 5 PACKET 1 NAME: HOUR: DATE: NO: Chapter 7 Negotiating Intersections THINK*PAIR*SHARE In a group of 2 to 3 people write down at least 4 things that would require your attention to safely navigate
More informationStrategies for Sharing the Road with Other Users
Idaho Driver Education and Training Strategies for Sharing the Road with Other Users M15-1 Sharing the Road Introduction Idaho law requires motorists to operate their vehicles in a careful and prudent
More informationUse of Acceleration-Deceleration Lanes
Use of Acceleration-Deceleration Lanes INTRODUCTION N eddy C. J ouzy, Graduate Assistant and Harold L. M ichael, Assistant Director Joint Highway Research Project Purdue University On the basis of various
More informationColorado Department of Transportation Crash Data Program Alisa Babler, PE
Colorado Department of Transportation Crash Data Program Alisa Babler, PE 2014 Colorado 115,388 Total Crashes 39,353 Injuries 488 Fatalities 489.85 100MVMT 88,258 Roadway Center Line Miles Media Question:
More informationTRIAL EVALUATION OF WIDE, AUDIO-TACTILE, CENTRELINE CONFIGURATIONS ON THE NEWELL HIGHWAY
TRIAL EVALUATION OF WIDE, AUDIO-TACTILE, CENTRELINE CONFIGURATIONS ON THE NEWELL HIGHWAY Connell D.J., Smart W.J, Levett S., Cleaver M., Job R.F.S., de Roos M., Hendry T., Foster J., Saffron D... New South
More informationColored Entrance Treatments for Rural Traffic Calming
Tech Transfer Summaries Institute for Transportation 10-2013 Colored Entrance Treatments for Rural Traffic Calming Shauna L. Hallmark Iowa State University, shallmar@iastate.edu Skylar Knickerbocker Iowa
More informationWelcome! Urban Work Zone Design. Training Course 0-1
Welcome! Urban Work Zone Design Training Course 0-1 Instructor Instructor s Name Here 0-2 About This Course This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under
More informationRoad design and Safety philosophy, 1 st Draft
Head Office SWEDEN www.vv.se Textphone: +46 243-750 90 Roger Johansson International Secretariat roger.johansson@vv.se Direct: +46 243 75880 Mobile: +46 70 6327373 Date: 2006-08-17 Reference: Road design
More informationSafety and Design Alternatives for Two-Way Stop-Controlled Expressway Intersections
Safety and Design Alternatives for Two-Way Stop-Controlled Expressway Intersections Thomas H. Maze Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University 2901 South Loop Drive, Suite 3100
More informationSafety at Unsignalized Intersections. Unsignalized Intersections
Safety at FHWA Safety Focus Areas 2 National Statistics 3 National Statistics There were 41,059 highway fatalities in 2007. Where did they occur? Non-Intersections 79% About half of all crashes and half
More informationRoundabouts The Virginia Experience
Roundabouts The Virginia Experience Purpose of Briefing Misconceptions Background on Roundabouts How they pertain to Virginia Definition & Operational Characteristics Roundabouts Vs. Traffic signals Considerations
More informationEffect of Signs and Striping on Roundabout Safety: An Observational Before/After Study
Effect of Signs and Striping on Roundabout Safety: An Observational Before/After Study Veronica Richfield Research Engineer University of Minnesota, Department of Civil Engineering 500 Pillsbury Dr., Minneapolis,
More informationSection 3A.04 Colors. Section 3B.10 Approach Markings for Obstructions
Section 3A.04 Colors Markings shall be yellow, white, red, or blue, or purple. The colors for markings shall conform to the standard highway colors. Black in conjunction with one of the above colors shall
More information1 Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Victoria, RACV, 550 Princes Highway Noble Park, Victoria, 3174.
Roadside Environment Safety: a statistical analysis of collisions with fixed roadside objects in Victoria Amanda Delaney 1, Stuart Newstead 1, Bruce Corben 1, Jim Langford 1 and Peter Daly 2 1 Monash University
More informationCounty of Spartanburg South Carolina
County of Spartanburg South Carolina Traffic Calming Program June 2012 (Revised/Program on Hold) PURPOSE The potential negative impacts from vehicular traffic on residential roads have been a longstanding
More information2013 Traffic Safety Report
Traffic Safety Report Introduction Every year on the more than 1, miles of unincorporated Larimer County roadways, about 375 vehicular traffic crashes occur. Those crashes include about 75 severe crashes
More informationLane Splitting General Guidelines
You ve got loud pipes and you re not afraid to use them! Many of us have the notion that, Loud Pipes Saves Lives. Well, that makes for a good bumper sticker (or vest patch as it may be). But do they really?
More informationSaturation Flow Rate, Start-Up Lost Time, and Capacity for Bicycles at Signalized Intersections
Transportation Research Record 1852 105 Paper No. 03-4180 Saturation Flow Rate, Start-Up Lost Time, and Capacity for Bicycles at Signalized Intersections Winai Raksuntorn and Sarosh I. Khan A review of
More informationSignal Spacing A Technical Memorandum Prepared by
Signal Spacing A Technical Memorandum Prepared by Vergil G. Stover, PhD, PE Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida October 2007 This page intentionally left blank. ii TABLE
More informationPedestrian Crash Types
North Carolina Pedestrian Crash Types 2006-2010 Prepared for The North Carolina Department of Transportation Division of Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Prepared by The University of North Carolina
More informationEngineering Countermeasures for Transportation Safety. Adam Larsen Safety Engineer Federal Highway Administration
Engineering Countermeasures for Transportation Safety Adam Larsen Safety Engineer Federal Highway Administration 360-619-7751 Adam.Larsen@DOT.GOV Countermeasure Selection Resources Manual for Selecting
More informationDeaths/injuries in motor vehicle crashes per million hours spent travelling, July 2007 June 2011 (All ages) Mode of travel
Cyclists CRASH STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 211 Prepared by the Ministry of Transport CRASH FACTSHEET 212 Cyclists have a number of risk factors that do not affect car drivers. The main risk
More informationSponsored by the Office of Traffic and Safety of the Iowa Department of Transportation NOVEMBER 2001 CTRE
PAVED SHOULDERS ON PRIMARY HIGHWAYS IN IOWA: AN ANALYSIS OF SHOULDER SURFACING CRITERIA, COSTS, AND BENEFITS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sponsored by the Office of Traffic and Safety of the Iowa Department of Transportation
More informationSafety Impacts: Presentation Overview
Safety Impacts: Presentation Overview The #1 Theme How Access Management Improves Safety Conflict Points The Science of Access Management By Treatment Studies Themes for Texas Access Management Improve
More informationCity of Elizabeth City Neighborhood Traffic Calming Policy and Guidelines
City of Elizabeth City Neighborhood Traffic Calming Policy and Guidelines I. Purpose: The City of Elizabeth City is committed to ensure the overall safety and livability of residential neighborhoods. One
More information