Designing Complete Streets: What you need to know
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1 Designing Complete Streets: What you need to know
2 Getting from this
3 to this. Continuous sidewalk Buffer w/trees Bicycle lane Raised median Buildings close to the street
4 Flexibility in design
5 Design and context
6 Design Speed and Design Vehicle
7 The need for Conventional design theory: Speed = Capacity
8 Speed vs. design scale Speed Scale/design geometrics
9 Wide lanes
10 Setbacks
11 Big intersections
12 Designing for speed
13 Designing for speed?
14 Design speed does not determine capacity in urban areas intersection operations/delay is major determinant.
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16 Design Scale in Walkable Streets
17 Speed vs. design scale Speed Complete Streets Scale/design geometrics
18 Speed vs. Pedestrian safety Source: New Jersey DOT
19 Recommended practice for Complete Streets Maximum posted (target) speed 35 mph Maximum design speed 40 mph
20 Selecting the appropriate design vehicle Don t design for the exception
21 Road Diets
22 Many overly wide roads could use a road diet
23 What s a road diet? Classic road diet shrinks 4 lanes to 3 + bike lanes
24 Another road diet example Classic road diet shrinks 4 lanes to 3 + bike lanes
25 What else does a road diet do? Creates room for wider sidewalks
26 What else does a road diet do? Encourage appropriate operating speeds (consistent with design speed) Reclaims ROW for other features Bicycle lanes Wider sidewalks Street trees On-street parking Wider medians/turn lane Etc. An inexpensive tool for retrofitting existing streets
27 Four lane to three-lane conversion
28 Four to three lane reductions can actually enhance safety and capacity
29 Four lanes versus three X vs.
30 Four lanes versus three X vs.
31 Road Diet on Washington Street
32 Road Diet on Washington Street
33 Case study research Source; Converting four lane undivided roadways to a three-lane cross-section: Factors to consider. Iowa State University and Iowa DOT
34 Guidelines for Complete Streets: Lane reductions
35 Sidewalks and paths
36 Design elements Sidewalks Frontage zone Pedestrian zone Eight feet min. Furniture Zone (clear zone)
37 Minimum width is unacceptable
38 With higher vehicle speeds & volumes wider is better
39 On-street parking
40 On-street parking: Relationship to livable communities Intended for low-speed environments Provides buffer between roadside/pedestrians and traveled way
41 Back-in angle parking Improves visibility Improves safety for bicyclist Source: Walkable Communities, Inc.
42 Bulb-outs & curb extensions Provide visibility at intersections and mid-block crossing
43 Bicycle lanes
44 On-street bicycle facilities Shared facility Wide outside lane Designated bicycle lane Paved shoulder
45 Lane width reductions Existing Proposed Stripe 4 bicycle lane Reduce travel lane width to 11 Eliminate offset (design speed =< 35 mph)
46 Will bike lanes create safety issues?
47 Bike lanes can make streets safer, by. Creating appropriate lane widths Encouraging appropriate operating speeds Creating a soft buffer between travel lanes and roadside objects
48 Transit facilities
49 Transit facilities: relationship to complete streets Safe, deliberate facility for transit access Establishes legitimacy of transit Improved bus/vehicular operations and safety
50 Integrate transit with street design
51 Medians
52 Medians: Relationship to Complete Streets Safety Reduced vehicular crashes Crossing refuge for pedestrians Roadway character Can encourage more appropriate operating speeds Terminates long vistas Opportunities for landscaping enhancement
53 Medians improve safety at driveways
54 Medians and Islands Reduce crashes by 40%
55 Medians reduce crash risk for random midblock crossings
56 Flush median is not much of a refuge
57 Flush median is not much of a refuge
58 Basic Principle Break long complex crossing into two simpler crossings
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62 Street trees and fixed objects
63 Relationship to Complete Streets Important buffer between pedestrian and travel lanes Contributes to roadway character Contributes to driver perception of speed
64 Plans Preparation Manual Ch. 2 Horizontal clearance Distance between the face of the curb and a roadside feature Horizontal clearance
65 Vehicular separation is critical to a walkable environment Pedestrians feel exposed and vulnerable within a constrained ROW, flexibility in clearance is absolutely essential!
66 Intersections
67 Intersection are barriers No/poor treatments Long crossing distance peds feel exposed Higher speed vehicular turn movements
68 Large radii 1. Increase crossing distance and 2. Make crosswalk & ramp placement more difficult
69 Effect of large radius on drivers They drive fast, ignoring pedestrians Tigard OR
70
71
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76 Green Streets A green street can be defined as a street designed to: integrate a system of stormwater management within its right of way reduce the amount of water that is piped directly to streams and rivers be a visible component of a system of green infrastructure that is incorporated into the aesthetics of the community make the best use of the street tree canopy for stormwater interception as well as temperature mitigation and air quality improvement ensure the street has the least impact on its surroundings, particularly at locations where it crosses a stream or other sensitive area. The design and construction of green streets is one component of a larger watershed approach to improving the region's water quality, and requires a more broad-based alliance for its planning, funding, maintenance and monitoring Alabama ASCE Summer Conference 76
77 Complete Streets are A way of addressing the needs of all potential users Based on sound engineering judgment and principals Unique to each specific street Safe, efficient and economically viable for all users
Speed. Scale/design geometrics
20 30 40 50 60 70 10 80 0 90 Speed Scale/design geometrics Source: New Jersey DOT 15 MPH can mean the difference between crash avoidance and almost certain death Speed Complete Streets Scale/design
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