In the Name of Democracy

Transcription

1 In the Name of Democracy AMERICAN WAR CRIMES IN IRAQ AND BEYOND EDITED BY Jeremy Brecher, Jill Cutler, AND Brendan Smith Metropolitan Books HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY NEW YORK

2 CONTENTS Introduction I Part I The Evidence Introduction 17 An Illegal War 20 Selected Principles of International Law 23 UNITED NATIONS AND NUREMBERG TRIBUNAL CHARTERS Tearing Up the Rules: The Illegality of Invading Iraq 24 CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS An Illegal War 33 BBC INTERVIEW WITH KOFI ANNAN Some Legal Aspects of the Military Operation in Iraq 34 CHRISTIAN DOMINICE Crimes of War and Occupation 36 Iraq: Civilians Under Fire 39 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Use of Illegal Weapons by the U.S. Military 43 U.S. Forces' Use of Depleted Uranium Weapons Is "Illegal" 43 NEIL MACKAY U.S. Admits It Used Napalm Bombs in Iraq 45 ANDREW BUNCOMBE Investigate Alleged Violations of Law in Fallujah Attack 46 CONGRESSMAN JIM MCDERMOTT AND DR. RICHARD RAPPORT Situation of Civilians in Fallujah, Iraq 48 LOUISE ARBOUR

3 x Contents Mortality Before and After the 2003 Invasion of Iraq: Cluster Sample Survey 49 DRS. LES ROBERTS, RIYADH LAFTA, RICHARD GARFIELD, JAMAL KHUDHAIRI, AND GILBERT BURNHAM Iraq's Civilian Dead Get No Hearing in the United States 52 JEFFERY SACHS Denial of Water to Iraqi Cities 55 DANIEL O'HUIGINN AND ALISON KLEVNAS U.S. Violations of Occupation Law in Iraq 59 CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS Tantamount to Torture 67 Letter to Members of the Senate Armed Services Committee 70 SHAFIQ RASUL AND ASIF IQBAL TheTaguba Report on Treatment of Abu Ghraib Prisoners in Iraq 74 MAJOR GENERAL ANTONIO M. TAGUBA Torture s 77 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION Individual Accounts of Torture 79 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS Iraqi Died While Hanging by His Wrists 82 SETH HETTENA The Road to Abu Ghraib 84 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Part II Who's Culpable: Accountability and the Chain of Command Introduction 103 Federal Bureau of Investigation s 107 FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

4 Contents xi War Crimes 109 WASHINGTON POST EDITORIAL A Nuremberg Lesson: Torture Scandal Began Far Above "Rotten Apples" I 12 SCOTT HORTON The War Crimes of the Occupation 115 MARK LEVINE Criminal Indictment Against the United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld et al. 119 CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS The Case Against Rumsfeld: Hard Facts Timeline 126 AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION AND HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST The Torture Memo by Judge Jay S. Bybee 128 JOHN W. DEAN Memorandum from Alberto R. Gonzales to the President 131 ALBERTO GONZALES Senate Judiciary Committee Attorney General Confirmation Hearing for Alberto Gonzales 132 SENATOR PATRICK LEAHY, SENATOR RICHARD DURBIN, AND ALBERTO GONZALES The Gonzales Indictment 133 MAJORIE COHN Flawed Investigations 136 NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO INTERVIEW WITH MARK DANNER Part III Beyond Iraq: The Future of U.S. War Crimes Introduction 141 The National Security Strategy of the United States of America 143 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES

5 xii Contents The Coming Wars 148 SEYMOUR HERSH Shopping for War 153 BOB HERBERT "The Salvador Option": The Pentagon May Put Special-Forces-Led Assassination or Kidnapping Teams in Iraq 155 MICHAEL HIRSH AND JOHN BARRY WITH MARK HOSENBALL Long-Term Plan Sought for Terror Suspects 158 DANA PRIEST There Is No One Left to Stop Them 160 PAUL CRAIG ROBERTS Part IV Perspectives on American War Crimes Introduction 167 From Nuremberg to Guantanamo: International Law and American Power Politics 170 LISA HAJJAR Torture in Iraq and the Rule of Law in America 180 SANFORD LEVINSON Standing for the Founding Principles of the Republic 187 SENATOR ROBERT BYRD Institutional Barriers to War Crimes: Failure and Renewal 191 BRUCE SHAPIRO Just War or Just a War? 201 JIMMY CARTER What the Rest of the World Watched on Inauguration Day 203 SISTER JOAN CHITTISTER

6 Contents xiii PartV The Resisters: "Conscience, Not Cowardice" Introduction 209 Breaking Ranks 213 DAVID GOODMAN "I Refuse to Be a Pawn" 223 JEREMY HINZMAN Military Families Speak Out 225 NANCY LESSIN Civilians We Killed 228 MICHAEL HOFFMAN Truths Worth Telling 230 DANIEL ELLSBERG What I Didn't Find in Africa 234 JOSEPH C. WILSON IV An Open Letter to the Senate Judiciary Committee 239 BRIGADIER GENERAL DAVID M. BRAHMS (RET. USMC) AND OTHERS Part VI Halting War Crimes: A Shared Responsibility Introduction 245 Affirmative Measures to Halt U.S. War Crimes 248 JEREMY BRECHER Watergate and Abu Ghraib: Holding War Criminals Accountable in the U.S. Courts and Congress 260 ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN Blue-Ribbon Panel Calls for Independent Commission on Prisoner Abuse 272 THE CONSTITUTION PROJECT'S LIBERTY AND SECURITY INITIATIVE Resisting War Crimes: Vietnam and Iraq 275 MICHAEL FERBER

7 xiv Contents Enforcing International Law Through Civil Disobedience: The Trial of the St. Patrick's Four 280 BILL QUIGLEY "My Duty as an Abie-Bodied American Citizen to Say No" 286 OONA CLARE DEFLAUN, ANA FLORES, ANNA RITTER, AND MARIE GRADY Reclaiming the Prophetic Voice 289 JOHN HUMPHRIES Counterrecruitment: Cutting Off the Cannon Fodder 296 MARELA ZACARIAS The Accountability of Leaders: A Challenge to Governments and Civil Society 301 RICHARD FALK Why War Crimes Matter 308 BRENDAN SMITH Conclusion 322 Web Resources 330 Acknowledgments 331