Small Sided Soccer Club Development Manual

Transcription

1 Small Sided Soccer Club Development Manual

2 1 The Small-Sided Soccer Club Development Manual has been created to provide a roadmap for BC Soccer members to administer small sided soccer programs and leagues, which are built around the principles of Long Term Player Development (LTPD). All changes to this document shall be forwarded by BC Soccer to the Membership within 15 days of receiving Board Approval. This manual shall be subject to review by the membership at any General Meeting of BC Soccer. Contents Small Soccer club Development Manual(Under 6 to Under 8)... 2 Small Sided Club Development Manual (Under 9 to Under 12)... 21

3 2 Long Term Player Development Stage 1 & 2: Active Start - Fundamentals Under 4 to Under 8 s Small Sided Soccer Club Development Manual

4 3 Mini Soccer - Club Development Manual The Active Start and Fundamentals Club Development Manual has been created to provide member clubs within British Columbia a roadmap to responsible and beneficial age appropriate development programming for stage one Active Start and stage two FUNdamentals The following are key components and guidelines to the implementation of these responsible and effective development practices within this stage of development. Contents Wellness to World Cup Long Term Player Development... 4 Overview: Stage 1 - Active Start... 5 Overview: Stage 2 - FUNdamentals... 6 Technical Leadership... 7 Coaching Recommendations... 7 Forming of Teams... 7 Game Structures:... 8 Stage Appropriate Player Development Programming... 8 The CSA recommends the following Key Development Aspects of Stage One: Active Start Key Development Aspects of Stage Two: FUNdamentals Playing Up Policy: Individual Player Summary Appendix A: Competition in the Early Stages of LTPD Appendix B: PLAYING UP POLICY - Individual Players Appendix C: OFFICIAL UNDER 6 PLAYING RULES Appendix D: OFFICIAL UNDER 7 & UNDER 8 PLAYING RULES... 20

5 4 Wellness to World Cup Long Term Player Development As coaches, teachers, administrators and parents, we need to look at the big picture for Canadian soccer. We want to develop star players who can play on the big stage, but we also want to encourage recreational players who can benefit from the health aspects of soccer and give back to the game for years to come as coaches, officials, and administrators. Long Term Player Development (LTPD) is the Canadian Soccer Association s pathway to success on both fronts. LTPD is a player centred approach that provides guidelines for correct training, competition, and recovery based on scientific principles of human development and athlete training, combined with the knowledge of expert coaches. Player centred means we respect the developmental needs of our players first and foremost. We ensure that our young players have fun while they learn so they want to continue playing. It also means we provide challenging opportunities for special talents so they can develop their abilities and pursue excellence. All of these needs are addressed in the seven stages of LTPD. LTPD is designed to promote lifelong wellness for all soccer participants and optimal performances for elite players, particular in growth and development years when performances can become instable and lead to drop out. LTPD encourages players to enjoy the game and improve their performances through: Logical and integrated training and practice programs Application of scientific principals in growth, development and maturation Provision of an optimal structure for competition at all stages of LTPD

6 5 Overview: Stage 1 - Active Start At this stage, players should participate in stimulating practices and games that develop basic technical skills in a FUN atmosphere. The emphasis should be movement exercises and games that promote a feel for the ball while teaching basic principles of play within a fun but structured setting. Informal games can be set up at the end of practices or as part of a jamboree mixing exercising and games. Play equal time and try all team positions, including goalkeeper, and equal time should be allotted to practices and games. GOAL: Encourage child activity and develop basic motor skills. TECHNICAL: Introduce individual skills. Dribbling with all parts of the foot, combined with simple techniques for changing direction (turns, drag backs). Basic shooting where players experience success and the thrill of a goal! TACTICAL: No tactical instructions. Emphasis on the individual. PHYSICAL: Provide a fun setting and simple mode of play that develops basic movement skills in running, jumping, kicking, throwing and catching. MENTAL: Fun and passion for play. Experience success and build confidence by receiving positive recognition. LIFESTYLE: Enjoy a variety of sports and physical activities. PERSONAL: Positive attitude and self-esteem. GOALKEEPING: No goalkeepers at this age. All players should learn the basic techniques of ball handling at different heights (not high balls) and throwing with one and two hands on the ground and in the air. Footwork is introduced including side-skip to get in line with the ball. Introduce diving from a kneeling position.

7 6 Overview: Stage 2 - FUNdamentals At this stage, players should participate in stimulating practices and games that develop basic technical skills in a FUN atmosphere. The emphasis should be movement exercises and games that promote a feel for the ball while teaching basic principles of play within a fun but structured setting. Mini game formats are used, ranging from 3v3 to 5v5 and a basic league schedule can be created but no standings should be kept. All players should play equal time and try all team positions, including goalkeeper, and equal time should be allotted to practices and games. GOAL: Technique development through fun. Emphasize skills and ABCs, not tactics. TECHNICAL: Continue to develop dribbling, and introduce dribbling with sole, inside and outside of foot. Continue to introduce and develop techniques for turning and changing direction, including more advanced techniques such as inside and outside hooks, even step overs and scissors. Develop short passing with side foot and laces, and develop concept of passing to feet. Introduce receiving with inside and outside of foot and instep, and introduce crossing and shooting while dribbling. TACTICAL: Basic game concepts and rules. Introduction to team cooperation through small-sided games, but emphasis is still primarily on the individual. Finding space is important. PHYSICAL: Develop the ABCs of movement: agility, balance, coordination and speed. Speed training should focus on quickness and agility. Continue general development of running, jumping, kicking, throwing and catching. Develop flexibility and suppleness. MENTAL: Basic game awareness and situations/formats to develop decision making. Experience success and receive positive recognition. LIFESTYLE: Enjoy a variety of sports and physical activities. PERSONAL: Positive attitude and self-esteem. Fair play and ethics. Promote group interaction skills. GOALKEEPING: All players take turns in goal. Continue development of ball handling at all heights and above balls (simple service/no opposition). Introduce simple communication ( Keeper! Away! ). Continue with basic diving technique from a Gorilla stance. Develop correct body shape. Introduce the concept of the keeper as the rear defender (Sweeper/Keeper).

8 7 Technical Leadership It is paramount to the process of development within Stage One Active Start and Stage Two FUNdamentals that all member clubs have a key TECHNICAL LEAD to oversee best practices for Mini Soccer Club Development Programming. This Technical lead is an individual who knows the game and the player and who has a strong understanding of the key messages that need to be communicated. This person will have past experience and appropriate certification standards to design, communicate and implement evaluation and assessment process within a member club. The technical lead must provide direction and authority as it relates to the following areas of the programming: Evaluation and assessment environment and coaching selections Oversight as it relates to placement of players within team(s) Oversight as it relates to individual players playing up an age group (See Playing Up Policy - Individual Players) Coaching Recommendations BC Soccer s player development programming is built upon a PLAYER FIRST mentality. There is an essential requirement for BC Soccer to identify appropriate coaching standards within all stages of development which is supported by Long Term Player Development Plan (LTPD). Please see below the chart for coaching course recommendations from 2012 beyond. Age Group LTPD Stage Current Coaching Course OR Past Coaching Course u4 - u6 Active Start Active Start + NCCP Making Ethical Decisions OR Community Children u7-u8 FUNdamentals FUNdamentals + NCCP Making Ethical Decisions OR Community Youth * As of January 1 st 2014, only the new CSA Community Stream Courses will be recognized as it relates to any required or recommended levels for coaches in British Columbia A coach s mission is essentially to convey knowledge and social skills to young players. To achieve this, the coach must understand children s characteristics and take into account age and skills. In short, the coach must teach through encouragement and achievement. Play is children s main activity, an essential need and innate in all children. Thus the main objectives of soccer at these ages are to introduce children to the practices of soccer through play FIFA GRASSROOTS 2012 LTPD s recommendations for appropriate coaching certification standards are imperative in these stages of development and for the training of the physical literacy stream of development. Forming of Teams District Associations and their Member Clubs are expected to form teams from all registrants each year in a manner that is equal and respects the developmental needs of children at the following age groups: Under 6, Under 7, Under 8, Under 9 and Under 10. No teams should retain all players from the previous year, thereby making a select team.

9 8 Game Structures: Mini Soccer leagues and programs shall be administered according to this Mini Soccer - Club Development Manual, as outlined in BC Soccer Association Rule 26. Mini Soccer Games are played according to the following principles: Districts and clubs shall form teams from all registrants each year in a manner that follows a responsible player evaluation, ongoing assessment and placement program as specified in the Small-Sided Soccer - Club Development Manual. All games are to be played with an emphasis on enjoyment, sportsmanship, responsible player development and talent identification practice, education and respect for teammates, opponents, and referees. Small-sided soccer leagues may be provided; but no standings should be kept the emphasis is on FUN. All players play equal time and try all team positions, including goalkeeping. Please Note** NO Standings are to be recorded or posted at these age groups as per LTPD, please see appendix A. Active Start: For children participating in soccer programs within the Active Start stage of development, the CSA and BC Soccer recognize the following game structures for both genders at the following age groups. Game Format No Competitive Games* Age Group Game Duration Field Dimensions Max Goal Dimensions Ball Size Under the age of 5 N/A N/A N/A 3/4 *As per LTPD recommendations, adult and child play together informally *Informal games can be set up at the end of practices. Fundamentals: For children participating in soccer programs within the Fundamentals stage of development, the CSA and BC Soccer recognize the following game structures for both genders at the following age groups. Game Format Age Groups Squad Size Game Duration Field Dimensions 3v3* Under 6, 7 & 8 Max 6 4v4* Under 7 & 8 Max 8 5v5* Under 8 Max 10 2 x 15 min. Half Time: 5 min 2 x 15 min. Half Time: 5 min 2 x 15 min. Half Time: 5 min Min: 18x25m Max: 22x30m Min: 20x30m Max: 25x36m Min: 25x30m Max: 30x36m Max Goal Dimensions 1.52 x 2.44m (5 x 8 ) 1.52 x 2.44m (5 x 8 ) 1.52 x 2.44m (5 x 8 ) Ball Size 3/4 3/4 3/4 *With or without goalkeeper - when no goalkeeper reduce the goal size.

10 9 Retreat Line Development Tool - Active Start + Fundamentals To further assist with developing social/ emotional, technical, physical and decision making abilities the retreat line initiative is recognized for assisting with player development. As soccer continues to evolve, it s important that Canada s young players change with it so that they too can maintain possession of the ball and move it up the field with controlled, precise build up starting from the goalkeeper. Because of this, payers must understand the right time to play forward and/or backwards. The concept of the retreat line has been introduced in small sided soccer to allow our young players learn and gain confidence with playing the ball out from the back and moving it up the field, as opposed to players aimlessly kicking the ball up the field. BC Soccer s player development programming is built upon a PLAYER FIRST mentality. It is important for BC Soccer to identify and introduce development tools, which enables players to develop stage capacities identified by Long Term Player Development (LTPD). Please see below the chart for implementing the retreat line from 2015 beyond. Season LTPD Stage Age Group Game Format Retreat Line Status Pre /15 Active Start + Under 6, 7 & 8 3v3, 4v4, 5v5 Half way line Recognized Fundamentals 2015/16 Active Start + Under 6, 7 & 8 3v3, 4v4, 5v5 Half way line Recommended Fundamentals 2016/17 + Beyond Active Start + Fundamentals Under 6, 7 & 8 3v3, 4v4, 5v5 Half way line Required Please Note ** During the 2015/16 season players require consistency to develop. It is not advised for coaches to implement a retreat line on an ad-hoc basis. Retreat Line Procedure - Active Start + Fundamentals The following age groups use the half way line as the retreat line: Under 6, Under 7, and Under 8. The retreat line is initiated when the ball has gone out for a goal kick. All opposing players will retreat to half field and cannot pursue the ball until: - The ball is received by a teammate OR, - The ball travels over the retreat line OR, - The ball leaves the field of play Encroachment of retreat line: If the defending team encroaches across the retreat line before an opposition player touches the ball then the referee blows the play stopped and issues a re-take of the goal kick. If the opposing team repeatedly infringes the retreat line, an indirect free kick shall be awarded from the place where the offence occurred for not respecting the restart.

11 Retreat Line 10 Making the Right Decision: Teams are always able to play quickly; the ball would be in play as soon as it leaves the penalty area regardless of the opposing team s position. Stage Appropriate Player Development Programming As found within all seven stages of development within LTPD, stage one Active Start and stage two FUNdamentals are based on the findings that the greater the quality of a players preparation and environment the greater likelihood of remaining active in the game throughout their lives, regardless of their level of ability. In addition it is found that the player s performance peaks will be higher and be maintained longer due the quality and the environment which they exist within. The CSA recommends the following: No league standings - emphasis on FUN (See Appendix A) All players play equal time and try all team positions Children should participate in many additional activities. Swimming, well-structured gymnastics programs and ball sports are recommended.

12 11 Key Development Aspects of Stage One: Active Start Soccer contributes to the well-being of children by engaging them in sport while teaching basic movements. At the introductory level, the objective is to get moving and keep active. PHYSICAL TECHNICAL TACTICAL Providing the environment for learning proper fundamental movement skills such as running, jumping, twisting, throwing and catching The player and the ball: Running with ball, dribbling, controlling, kicking and shooting None EMOTIONAL Fun, fascination, and Passion for play GOAL: Encourage child activity and develop basic movement skills.

13 12 Key Development Aspects of Stage Two: FUNdamentals At this stage, individual player development is paramount. Coaches and teachers should create a stimulating learning environment where the atmosphere is Freedom and Fun PHYSICAL Develop the ABCs of movement; agility, balance, co-ordination and speed, as well as running, jumping, twisting, throwing and catching TECHNICAL Movement exercises/games designed to promote a feel for the ball; gaining ball control in receiving passes, dribbling, passing over short distances and shooting with both feet. TACTICAL Children at this stage are are self-centered. Introducing cooperation between players and ensuring they play with the ball are important objectives. EMOTIONAL Basic awareness of environment to build game intelligence and decision making GOAL: Develop technique through fun activities. Emphasize skills and fundamental movement skills, not tactics.

14 13 Playing Up Policy: Individual Player Individual Player- Playing Up policy, see Appendix B Summary Long Term Player Development and its principles are predicated on the idea a properly integrated player development pathway can achieve two objectives for Canadian soccer; Optimized development of players of ALL levels Increased retention within the game. It is BC Soccer s hope that the use of this document will encourage all member clubs to train and develop the appropriate skills and capacities at the right time so to offer all players an opportunity to flourish within the game regardless the level they are deemed to be component within at any one time.

15 14 Appendix A: Competition in the Early Stages of LTPD Competition in the Early Stages of LTPD One element of Long-Term Player Development (LTPD) that frequently stirs controversy is the recommendation to eliminate league standings below U12. The controversy arises from the popular claim that standings, as well as league championships and trophies at these early ages, are essential to motivating young players to compete. The elimination of standings in children s leagues is not intended to reduce the intensity of competition among players in a game situation. LTPD recognizes that playing with competitive commitment and intensity is necessary to advance player development in ball technique, decision-making, mental concentration, and other skills and capacities. However, experience shows us that young children will compete even in the absences of league standings. All young players understand that soccer is a game for scoring goals and winning. Simple observation of children s soccer around the world shows that the absence of a trophy or league title does nothing to diminish each player s desire to compete each time they step onto the soccer pitch for a match. The important difference is that the elimination of standings below U12 diminishes the incentive for coaches at these levels to play to win the league because they are chasing a trophy and a league title at the end of the season. It also reduces pressure from parents to win, to perform, and to avoid mistakes. Why is this distinction important? When coaches in children s leagues chase trophies and titles, and when parents criticize and pressure their children, poor player development is the most frequent result. Coaches tend to play only their strongest players, leave their weak players on the bench, specialize players in positions prematurely, use game tactics aimed solely at guaranteeing a win (e.g. kicking the ball down the field, not trying to create controlled buildup), and promoting a general attitude of don t take chances don t experiment with your skills or decisions just play safe by kicking the ball far and away. These problems are more easily addressed in the absence of league standings. Coaches of children s teams are easily able to justify equal playing time for all players, experiment with positions and field alignments, and promote a general willingness among players to try their skills in a game setting without being preoccupied with failing their teammates and the overall effort to win the league. When standings are eliminated in children s soccer below U12, games are still won and lost, and competition still takes place among the players. However, it is now far easier for coaches to pursue a broad-based approach to player development rather than a narrow view of we must win three points today or we cannot challenge for the league title. In this light, it should be clear that competition remains at the centre of the LTPD approach. Less skilled players are assured more playing time in the competitive environment so they can develop their competition skills, and all players gain experience in a variety of positions. Most importantly, and far more subtly, all players are encouraged to practice and experiment with their skills in a competition environment without fear of making a mistake that could cost a league result.

16 Measured in the context of the physiological, emotional and mental developments that take place during childhood, it is essential that players be permitted and even encouraged to make mistakes. This is the only way they can achieve the practice required to refine their ball control and decision-making skills in a competitive setting. Some coaches will always want to win at all costs, regardless of whether or not there are league standings. This is an unfortunate reality of community children s sport. However, the LTPD approach to competition below U12 provides the best overall incentive for coaches and players to focus on broad-based player development instead of a win at all costs approach. 15

17 16 Appendix B: PLAYING UP POLICY - Individual Players BC Soccer and its Player Development model support the philosophy of continuing to challenge its member players. Players that choose to be considered for potentially playing up an age group must meet the following guidelines for selection: Technical Ability A player must demonstrate a high degree of individual skill which must be transferable to competitive match situations. In addition, a player s individual skill must meet or exceed the technical abilities of other participating players within the age group the player wishes to participate in. Playing Time Policy It is required that teams implement an equal or minimum playing time policy for those participating under age players. This policy should be subject to the discretion of the coaching staff as it pertains to the health, safety and eligibility (code of conduct) of the individual player. Under 6-Under12- equal playing time Under 13- Under 18- minimum playing time of 30% (over duration of entire season not one match) This policy is as per the Canadian Soccer Association s Long Term Player Development and BC Soccer s Rules and Regulations Appendix 1 - Small-Sided/Mini Soccer Operations Manual Physical Ability A player must meet or exceed other players within their age group in physical strength, technical skill and speed, and have the ability to blend in with players of the intended age group. Mental Ability Player must meet or exceed other players within their age group in game awareness and general knowledge of the game. To include the mental strength that will be necessary when dealing with older and physically superior opponents. Social Ability Player must be able to interact with players within the intended age group on and off the field (games, dressing room, training and social gatherings). The selection of an underage player will ONLY be supported by BC Soccer if the player meets these guidelines. This policy has been developed to address individual player circumstances to ensure that specific windows of trainability are not missed; adhere to LTPD s national game structure; and to avoid coach/ parent aspirations of a player s perceived development. For further information please feel free to visit the BC Soccer website at and view the Canadian Soccer Association s Long Term Player Development: Wellness to World Cup documents.

18 17 Appendix C: OFFICIAL UNDER 6 PLAYING RULES The BCSA recommended age specific modifications to the FIFA Laws of the Game. Law 1: The Field Of Play Length: 25 (min) 30 (max) Meters Width: 18 (min) 22 (max) Meters Field Markings: Distinctive lines not more than fifteen (15) centimetres wide. The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line. The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of five (5) meters is marked around it. NB: All field markings may be marked by the means of cones The Goal Area: If 3 v 3 with no goalkeepers, there is no goal area. If 3 v 3 plus a goalkeeper - a goal area is defined at each end of the field as follows: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line three (3) meters from the inside each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of three (3) meters and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area. The Penalty Area: None Flag posts: None The Corner Arc: None Goal Posts: Goals must be placed on the centre of each goal line and must be no larger than x Meters or 8 foot wide by 5 foot high. The maximum size has been established however, smaller sized goals will be permitted; these could be in the form of portable goals, pug goals however must be the same size and must be safe and secure. Flag poles and bicycle whip sticks are unacceptable due to safety concerns. Law 2: The Ball The ball must conform to FIFA standards and must conform to the FIFA inflation specifications. Size three (3)/ four (4) Law 3: The Number of Players A game is played by two teams each consisting of not more than three (3) players. There is no goalkeeper.

19 18 Squad Size: 6 Maximum Substitutions: Substitutions may be made at any stoppage during the game. Playing time: All players SHALL play equal playing time. Law 4: The Players Equipment Conform to FIFA. Non-uniform clothing is allowed based on weather conditions, but uniforms must still distinguish teams. The goalkeeper should wear a colour that distinguishes him/her from both teams. Shin guards are mandatory and must be worn under the socks. Jewellery is not permitted. Law 5: The Referee None required. The referee or nominated person decides as to which team the kick in is awarded to. Law 6: The Assistant Referees None required. The referee or nominated person decides as to which team the kick in is awarded to. Law 7: The Duration of the Match Each game should consist of two (2) fifteen (15) minute halves and have a five (5) minute half time. Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play Conform to FIFA, with the exception of the opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play. Dropped balls are not part of Small Sided Games Program at this age group an indirect free kick will be awarded to the team who had possession when the play was stopped. Law 9: The Ball In And Out Of Play Conform to FIFA. Law 10: The Method of Scoring Conform to FIFA. Law 11: Offside None Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Conform to FIFA with the exception that all fouls shall result in an indirect free kick. The referee or nominated person must explain ALL infringements to the offending player. An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team at the centre spot on the halfway line if a goalkeeper punts or dropkicks the ball in the air from his/her goal area into the opponents goal area. No cards shown for misconduct. If a player intentionally strikes, deliberately kicks or spits at an opponent, this player must be substituted and will not be permitted to participate further during the game. The coach should inform the player as to why and correct these actions. Law 13: Free Kicks Conform to FIFA with the exceptions that all free kicks are indirect and opponents are at least five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play.

20 19 Law 14: The Penalty Kick None Law 15: The Throw-In A kick-in will replace the official throw-in at this age group. A kick-in is to be considered as an indirect free kick with the opponents five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play. Law 16: The Goal Kick The goal kick should be taken within 3 meters off the goal line anywhere across the width of the field of play at the nearest point from where the ball was retrieved. Unlike FIFA a goal cannot be scored directly from a goal kick. A retreat line is initiated when the ball has gone out for a goal kick. All opposing players will retreat to half field and cannot pursue the ball until: - The ball is received by a teammate OR, - The ball travels over the retreat line OR, - The ball leaves the field of play Encroachment of retreat line: If the defending team encroaches across the retreat line before an opposition player touches the ball then the referee blows the play stopped and issues a re-take of the goal kick. If the opposing team repeatedly infringes the retreat line, an indirect free kick shall be awarded from the place where the offence occurred for not respecting the restart. Law 17: The Corner Kick Conform to FIFA with the exception that opponents remain at least five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play. Unlike FIFA a goal cannot be scored directly from a corner kick.

21 20 Appendix D: OFFICIAL UNDER 7 & UNDER 8 PLAYING RULES The BCSA recommended age specific modifications to the FIFA Laws of the Game. Law 1: The Field of Play Length: 30 (Min) 36 (Max) Meters Width: 20 (Min) 25 (Max) Meters Field Markings: Distinctive lines not more than fifteen (15) centimetres wide. The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line. The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of five (5) meters is marked around it. NB: All field markings may be marked by the means of cones The Goal Area: A goal area is defined at each end of the field as follows: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line three (3) meters from the inside each goal post. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of three (3) meters and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area. If 3 v 3 with no goalkeepers, no goal area is required. The Penalty Area: None Flag posts: None The Corner Arc: None Goal Posts: Goals must be placed on the centre of each goal line and must be no larger than x Meters or 8 feet wide by 5 feet high. The maximum size has been established however, smaller sized goals will be permitted; these could be in the form of portable goals, pugs and bicycle whip sticks are unacceptable due to safety concerns. Law 2: The Ball The ball must conform to FIFA standards and must conform to the FIFA inflation specifications. Size three (3)/ four (4) Law 3: The Number of Players A game is played by two teams, each consisting of no more than five (5) players, one of which is a goalkeeper. Players will take equal turns to play in all field positions including the goalkeeper position that must be rotated at half time. It is not necessary that all players play in the goalkeeper position during a single game.

22 21 Squad Size: 4v4 = max 8 players/ 5v5 max 10 players. Substitutions: Substitutions may be made at any stoppage during the game. Playing time: All players SHALL play equal playing time. Law 4: The Players Equipment Conform to FIFA. Non-uniform clothing is allowed based on weather conditions, but uniforms must still distinguish teams. The goalkeeper should wear a colour that distinguishes him/her from both teams. Shin guards are mandatory and must be worn under the socks. Jewellery is not permitted. Law 5: The Referee A small sided referee or a nominated coach, if a referee is unavailable. Law 6: The Assistant Referees None required, the referee or nominated person decides as to which team the throw in is awarded to. Law 7: The Duration of the Match Each game should consist of two (2) fifteen (15) minute halves and have a five (5) minute half time. Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play Conform to FIFA, with the exception of the opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play. Dropped balls are not part of Small Sided Games Program at this age group and an indirect free kick will be awarded to the team who had possession when the play was stopped. Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play Conform to FIFA. Law 10: The Method of Scoring Conform to FIFA. Law 11: Offside None Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Conform to FIFA with the exception that all fouls shall result in an indirect free kick. The referee or nominated person must explain ALL infringements to the offending player. No cards shown for misconduct. An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team at the centre spot on the halfway line if a goalkeeper punts or drop-kicks the ball in the air from his/her goal area into the opponents goal area No cards shown for misconduct. If a player intentionally strikes, deliberately kicks or spits at an opponent, this player must be substituted and will not be permitted to participate further during the game. The coach should inform the player as to why and correct these actions. Law 13: Free Kicks: Conform to FIFA with the exceptions that all kicks are indirect and all opponents are at least five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play.

23 22 Law 14: The Penalty Kick None Law 15: The Throw-In Conform to FIFA. Law 16: The Goal Kick The goal kick should be taken within 3 meters off the goal line anywhere across the width of the field of play at the nearest point from where the ball was retrieved. Unlike FIFA a goal cannot be scored directly from a goal kick. A retreat line is initiated when the ball has gone out for a goal kick. All opposing players will retreat to half field and cannot pursue the ball until: - The ball is received by a teammate OR, - The ball travels over the retreat line OR, - The ball leaves the field of play Encroachment of retreat line: If the defending team encroaches across the retreat line before an opposition player touches the ball then the referee blows the play stopped and issues a re-take of the goal kick. If the opposing team repeatedly infringes the retreat line, an indirect free kick shall be awarded from the place where the offence occurred for not respecting the restart. Law 17: The Corner Kick Conform to FIFA with the exception that opponents remain at least five (5) meters from the ball until it is in play. Unlike FIFA a goal cannot be scored directly from a corner kick.

24 23 Long Term Player Development Learning to Train Under 9 to Under 12 s Small Sided Soccer Club Development Manual

25 24 Small-Sided Soccer - Club Development Manual The Learn to Train Club Development Manual has been created to provide member clubs within British Columbia a roadmap to responsible and beneficial age appropriate development programming for stage three Learning to Train. The following are key components and guidelines to the implementation of these responsible and effective development practices within this stage of development. Contents Wellness to World Cup Long Term Player Development Overview: Stage 3 - Learning to Train Technical Leadership Coaching Standards Forming of Teams Player Evaluations, Assessments, Selection and Placement Procedures for Under 11 & Under 12: Game Structures: Stage Appropriate Player Development Programming The CSA recommends the following Key Development Aspects of Stage Three: Learning to Train Playing-Up Policies: Individual and Team Summary Appendix A - Sample Player Evaluation Form for Under 11 through U Appendix B - Competition in the Early Stages of LTPD Appendix C: PLAYING UP POLICY - Individual Players Appendix D: PLAYING UP POLICY - Teams Appendix E: Official Under 9 & Under 10 Playing Rules Appendix F: Official Under 11 & Under 12 Playing Rules... 42

26 25 Wellness to World Cup Long Term Player Development As coaches, teachers, administrators and parents, we need to look at the big picture for Canadian soccer. We want to develop star players who can play on the big stage, but we also want to encourage recreational players who can benefit from the health aspects of soccer and give back to the game for years to come as coaches, officials, and administrators. Long Term Player Development (LTPD) is the Canadian Soccer Association s pathway to success on both fronts. LTPD is a player centred approach that provides guidelines for correct training, competition, and recovery based on scientific principles of human development and athlete training, combined with the knowledge of expert coaches. Player centred means we respect the developmental needs of our players first and foremost. We ensure that our young players have fun while they learn so they want to continue playing. It also means we provide challenging opportunities for special talents so they can develop their abilities and pursue excellence. All of these needs are addressed in the seven stages of LTPD. LTPD is designed to promote lifelong wellness for all soccer participants and optimal performances for elite players, particular in growth and development years when performances can become instable and lead to drop out. LTPD encourages players to enjoy the game and improve their performances through: Logical and integrated training and practice programs Application of scientific principals in growth, development and maturation Provision of an optimal structure for competition at all stages of LTPD

27 26 Overview: Stage 3 - Learning to Train This stage introduces players to disciplined training and begins to develop their understanding of principles of play alongside their skills practice. Repetitions are important to develop technical proficiency, but creating a fun and challenging environment is still paramount to stimulate learning and promote a love of the game. Game formats can range from 6v6 to 8v8 as players advance through this stage, and again a simple league schedule can be created, but no standings should be kept the emphasis is still FUN. All players play equal time and try all team positions, including goalkeeping, and the training to competition ratio should be 2 to 3 training sessions for every game. GOAL: Focus on technique, skill development and introduce tactics. Talent identification is introduced but FUN is still paramount to this stage. TECHNICAL: Golden age of skills learning. Teach more advanced skills and movements. Practice skills in games to encourage decision making. Develop and refine dribbling. Continue to develop turns, drag backs, shielding, and hooks, as well as fakes such as step overs and scissors. Refine short passing, develop passing with outside of foot and chips, and introduce medium and long passes. Introduce receiving with all parts of the body and shooting with volleys and halfvolleys. Heading may be introduced towards the end of this stage. TACTICAL: Continue small-sided games. Introduce attack and defense principles and basic team play with 2 and 3 player combinations. Introduce positional awareness in a variety of positions. Teach basic set pieces (free kicks, correct throwins). PHYSICAL: Continue to develop ABCs. Maintain flexibility and suppleness. Introduce warm-up. Continue to develop quickness and agility. MENTAL: Introduce basic mental preparation with goal-setting, determination and concentration. Experience success and receive positive recognition. LIFESTYLE: Enjoy a variety of sports and physical activities. Identify complementary sports. PERSONAL: Fair play and ethics. Accept training structure and discipline. Promote group interaction skills and internal motivation. GOALKEEPING: Players still take turns in goal. Resist temptation to limit goalkeeping to a few. Continue developing ball handling, ball rolling and over-arm throws, footwork, goal kicks, drop kicks, moving back passes and punts. Introduce side-arm and javelin throws, deflecting. Introduce variety of new dives. Introduce catching and deflecting crosses from a simple thrown service.

28 27 Technical Leadership It is paramount to the process of development within Stage Three Learning to Train that all member clubs have a key TECHNICAL LEAD to oversee best practices for Small-Sided Soccer Club Development Programming. This Technical lead is an individual who knows the game and the player and who has a strong understanding of the key messages that need to be communicated. This person will have past experience and appropriate certification standards to design, communicate and implement evaluation and assessment process within a member club. The technical lead must provide direction and authority as it relates to the following areas of the programming: Evaluation and assessment environment and coaching selections Oversight as it relates to selection and placement of players within team(s) and programs Oversight as it relates to individual players playing up an age group (See Playing Up Policy - Individual Players) Oversight as it relates to teams potentially playing up and the scheduling of appropriate match play environments to challenge players with similar abilities (See Playing Up Policy - Teams) Coaching Standards BC Soccer s player development programming is built upon a PLAYER FIRST mentality. There is an essential requirement for BC Soccer to identify appropriate coaching standards within all stages of development which is supported by Long Term Player Development Plan (LTPD). Please see below the chart for coaching course recommendations from 2012 beyond. Age Group LTPD Stage* Coaching Courses U9-U12 Learn To Train Learn To Train + NCCP Making Ethical Decisions *These courses are part the new Community Sport Stream Courses (Active Start, FUNdamentals, Learn to Train, Soccer for Life) launched in 2012 based on the CSA s Long Term Player Development initiative which has replaced and enhanced the old Community Coaching Courses (Children s, Youth and Senior). Coaches with previously recognized training in the old Community model are encouraged to register for these new stage specific courses as a recommendation while they should check with their club, competition and/or league requirements as it relates to mandatory standards. A coach s mission is essentially to convey knowledge and social skills to young players. To achieve this, the coach must understand children s characteristics and take into account age and skills. In short, the coach must teach through encouragement and achievement. Play is children s main activity, an essential need and innate in all children. Thus the main objectives of soccer at these ages are to introduce children to the practices of soccer through play FIFA GRASSROOTS 2012

29 LTPD s recommendations for appropriate coaching certification standards are imperative in these stages of development and in the training of the physical literacy stream of development. 28 Forming of Teams District Associations and their Member Clubs are expected to form teams from all registrants each year in a manner that is equal and respects the developmental needs of children at the following age groups: Under 6, Under 7, Under 8, Under 9 and Under 10. No teams should retain all players from the previous year, thereby making a select team. Player Evaluations, Assessments, Selection and Placement Procedures for Under 11 & Under 12: BC Soccer recommends all member clubs commit to supporting and promoting a responsible, ongoing, progressive evaluation and assessment process as it relates to player identification, selection and placement. This would include the removal of the reference and promotion of the TRY OUT mentality within their club and team atmosphere. Evaluation camps are the preferred vehicle which should assist the coaching staff with the evaluation process of the player s capabilities and potential. These evaluation camps should be held throughout the season to aid in selection and the placement of players for ongoing programming and as it relates to the following year s program and/or teams. In addition to the recommended ongoing evaluation and assessment of players there are four (4) recommendations from BC Soccer for the evaluation, selection and placement of players; Match Play and Training Environments This provides the coaching staff the opportunity to evaluate and assess players in environments which present appropriate dilemma and problem solving requirements within the technical, tactical, physical and emotional categories It provides opportunities for coaches to receive an overall understanding of the player(s) within realistic and longer term environments Open These sessions should be open to any players who desire an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to participate within the proposed age group. A maximum number of players should be set at each session to provide for a more responsible evaluation process. Invitation Only A maximum number of players should be set at each session to provide for a more responsible evaluation process. It is recommended for the evaluation and assessment of players that the ratio of player to coach be set at the following;

30 29 o One (1) coach to every sixteen (16) players being evaluated and assessed Evaluation and Assessment Criteria All evaluations and assessments should be conducted under the direction and guidance of the technical lead and supported by experienced and trained coaches within the community stream of development. In addition evaluations and assessments should be implemented using a universal system which identifies player s competencies over a period of time and in multiple environments. This system should not be a numbering system to avoid subjectivity and focus on the overall age specific competencies. See Appendix A Game Structures: Learning to Train: For children participating in soccer programs within the Learning to Train stage of development, the CSA and BC Soccer recognize the following game structures for both genders at the following age groups. Please Note** NO Standings are to be recorded or posted at these age groups as per LTPD, please see appendix B. Game Format Age Groups Squad Size Game Duration Field Dimensions Max Goal Dimensions Ball Size 6v6 Under 9, 10, 11 & 12 Max 10 2 x 25 min. Half Time: 5 min Min: 30x40m Max: 36x55m 1.83 x 4.27m (6 x 14 ) 3 or 4 7v7 Under 10, 11 & 12 Max 12 2 x 25 min. Half Time: 5 min Min: 30x40m Max: 36x55m 1.83 x 4.88m (6 x 16 ) 4 8v8 Under 11 & 12 Max 14 2 x 30 min. Half Time: 5 min Min: 42x60m Max: 55x75m 1.83 x 5.5m (6 x 18 ) 4 Retreat Line Development Tool - Learning to Train To further assist with developing social/ emotional, technical, physical and decision making abilities the retreat line initiative is recognized for assisting with player development. As soccer continues to evolve, it s important that Canada s young players change with it so that they too can maintain possession of the ball and move it up the field with controlled, precise build up starting from the goalkeeper. Because of this, payers must understand the right time to play forward and/or backwards. The concept of the retreat line has been introduced in small sided soccer to allow our young players learn and gain confidence with playing the ball out from the back and moving it up the field, as opposed to players aimlessly kicking the ball up the field.

31 BC Soccer s player development programming is built upon a PLAYER FIRST mentality. It is important for BC Soccer to identify and introduce development tools, which enables players to develop stage capacities identified by Long Term Player Development (LTPD). Please see below the chart for implementing the retreat line from 2015 beyond. Season LTPD Stage Age Group Game Formats Retreat Line Status Pre /15 Learning to Train Under 9, 10, 11 & 12 6v6,7v7, 8v8 Middle 3 rd Recognized 2015/16 Learning to Train Under 9, 10, 11 & 12 6v6,7v7, 8v8 Middle 3 rd Recommended 2016/17 + Beyond Learning to Train Under 9, 10, 11 & 12 6v6,7v7, 8v8 Middle 3 rd Required Please Note ** During the 2015/16 season players require a consistent platform to develop and it is not advised for coaches to implement a retreat line on an ad-hoc basis. Retreat Line Procedure - Learning to Train The following age groups use the line across the middle 3rd as the retreat line: Under 9, Under 10, Under 11 and Under 12. The retreat line is initiated when the ball has gone out for a goal kick. All opposing players will retreat to the markers indicating the retreat line and cannot pursue the ball until: - The ball is received by a teammate OR, - The ball travels over the retreat line OR, - The ball leaves the field of play Encroachment of retreat line: If the defending team encroaches across the retreat line before an opposition player touches the ball then the referee blows the play stopped and issues a re-take of the goal kick. If the opposing team repeatedly infringes the retreat line, an indirect free kick shall be awarded from the place where the offence occurred for not respecting the restart. Making the Right Decision Teams are always able to play quickly; the ball would be in play as soon as it leaves the penalty area regardless of the opposing team s position. At times the correct decision is a quick or a long pass, players need to recognize the positions of the opposing team and act accordingly. If there is the opportunity to play quickly to create a counter attack or find a player in the middle third of the field - it should be encouraged! 30

32 Retreat Line 31 Stage Appropriate Player Development Programming As found within all seven stages of development within LTPD, stage three Learning to Train is based on the findings that the greater the quality of a players preparation and environment the greater likelihood of remaining active in the game throughout their lives, regardless of their level of ability. In addition it is found that the player s performance peaks will be higher and be maintained longer due the quality and the environment which they exist within. The CSA recommends the following: Small leagues provide fixtures, but no league standings are recorded All players play equal time and try all team positions Training : Competition ratio should be 2 to 3 training sessions for every game Other sports continue to be important, but the balance begins to shift in favor of soccer.

33 32 Key Development Aspects of Stage Three: Learning to Train The effect of the role-model is very important at this stage. Children begin to identify with famous players and successful teams, and they want to learn imaginative skills. Skill demonstration is very important and players learn best by doing. Players move from self-centered to self-critical and they have a high stimulation level during basic skills training. Repetitions are important to develop technical excellence, but creating a fun and challenging environment is still essential for stimulating learning. GOAL PHYSICAL Optimal training window for speed, flexibility and movement skills TECHNICAL Building a greater reportoire of soccer related skills, techniques and delivered through a structured training atmosphere TACTICAL Develop enviromental awareness and execute simple combination and soccer specific movement patterns EMOTIONAL Provides for intrinsic motivation through the activity of play which promotes and fosters desire, demands and discipline Focus on technique and skill development and introduce tactics. FUN is still paramount. To enhance the overall commitment of member clubs to deliver on these recognized principles for a player s development, member clubs may group players with SIMILAR ABILITIES together within their programming and teams. This will assist the club in providing a positive and beneficial learning environment for player s who possess the required competencies within the respective stage of development and address their current maturation status. The oversight of such programming must always be implemented by the technical lead and be focused on the PLAYER and their individual development, as their level of competency, potential and joy should remain the main criteria. In doing this, the focus would be taken away from any one particular result(s) being the only measurement for success. In addition, any grouping of players of similar abilities (e.g. Club Team and Academy Programming) must encourage and should be focused on meeting the recommended training to play ratio set out within LTPD standards as it relates to stage three (3) which are two (2) to three (3) training sessions for every one (1) match played.

34 33 Programming should include ongoing evaluation and assessments of players and should provide opportunities for players to enter or be re allocated to another level of play. This will address the varied maturing process (physically, technically, tactically and emotionally) within the development of players and will offer opportunities to those players who have displayed the required competencies. Playing-Up Policies: Individual and Team Individual Playing-Up Policy, see Appendix C Team Playing-Up Policy, see Appendix D Summary Long Term Player Development and its principles are predicated on the idea a properly integrated player development pathway can achieve two objectives for Canadian soccer; Optimized development of players of ALL levels Increased retention within the game. It is BC Soccer s hope that the use of this document will encourage all member clubs to train and develop the appropriate skills and capacities at the right time so to offer all players an opportunity to flourish within the game regardless the level they are deemed to be component within at any one time.

35 34 Appendix A - Sample Player Evaluation Form for Under 11 through U12 PLAYER EVALUATION FORM PLAYER INFORMATION PLAYERS NAME FIRST NAME LAST NAME PERSONAL INFORMATION DATE OF BIRTH (DD/MM/YY) HEIGHT PLAYING INFORMATION JERSEY # POSITION CLUB TEAM WEIGHT PLAYER EVALUATION TECHNIQUE / SKILL RATING DRIBBLING 1 st TOUCH SHORT PASS LONG PASS HEADING FINISHING SPEED COORDINATION ENDURANCE 1 V 1 ATTACKING 1 V 1 DEFENDING ATTITUDE CONCENTRATION DECISION MAKING DATE OBSERVED COMMENTS GOOD SATISFACTORY NEED S IMPROVEMENT

36 35 Appendix B - Competition in the Early Stages of LTPD Competition in the Early Stages of LTPD One element of Long-Term Player Development (LTPD) that frequently stirs controversy is the recommendation to eliminate league standings below U12. The controversy arises from the popular claim that standings, as well as league championships and trophies at these early ages, are essential to motivating young players to compete. The elimination of standings in children s leagues is not intended to reduce the intensity of competition among players in a game situation. LTPD recognizes that playing with competitive commitment and intensity is necessary to advance player development in ball technique, decision-making, mental concentration, and other skills and capacities. However, experience shows us that young children will compete even in the absences of league standings. All young players understand that soccer is a game for scoring goals and winning. Simple observation of children s soccer around the world shows that the absence of a trophy or league title does nothing to diminish each player s desire to compete each time they step onto the soccer pitch for a match. The important difference is that the elimination of standings below U12 diminishes the incentive for coaches at these levels to play to win the league because they are chasing a trophy and a league title at the end of the season. It also reduces pressure from parents to win, to perform, and to avoid mistakes. Why is this distinction important? When coaches in children s leagues chase trophies and titles, and when parents criticize and pressure their children, poor player development is the most frequent result. Coaches tend to play only their strongest players, leave their weak players on the bench, specialize players in positions prematurely, use game tactics aimed solely at guaranteeing a win (e.g. kicking the ball down the field, not trying to create controlled buildup), and promoting a general attitude of don t take chances don t experiment with your skills or decisions just play safe by kicking the ball far and away. These problems are more easily addressed in the absence of league standings. Coaches of children s teams are easily able to justify equal playing time for all players, experiment with positions and field alignments, and promote a general willingness among players to try their skills in a game setting without being preoccupied with failing their teammates and the overall effort to win the league. When standings are eliminated in children s soccer below U12, games are still won and lost, and competition still takes place among the players. However, it is now far easier for coaches to pursue a broad-based approach to player development rather than a narrow view of we must win three points today or we cannot challenge for the league title. In this light, it should be clear that competition remains at the centre of the LTPD approach. Less skilled players are assured more playing time in the competitive environment so they can develop their competition skills, and all players gain experience in a variety of positions. Most importantly, and far more subtly, all players are encouraged to practice and experiment with their skills in a competition environment without fear of making a mistake that could cost a league result.

37 Measured in the context of the physiological, emotional and mental developments that take place during childhood, it is essential that players be permitted and even encouraged to make mistakes. This is the only way they can achieve the practice required to refine their ball control and decision-making skills in a competitive setting. Some coaches will always want to win at all costs, regardless of whether or not there are league standings. This is an unfortunate reality of community children s sport. However, the LTPD approach to competition below U12 provides the best overall incentive for coaches and players to focus on broad-based player development instead of a win at all costs approach. 36

38 37 Appendix C: PLAYING UP POLICY - Individual Players BC Soccer and its Player Development model support the philosophy of continuing to challenge its member players. Players that choose to be considered for potentially playing up an age group must meet the following guidelines for selection: Technical Ability A player must demonstrate a high degree of individual skill which must be transferable to competitive match situations. In addition, a player s individual skill must meet or exceed the technical abilities of other participating players within the age group the player wishes to participate in. Playing Time Policy It is required that teams implement an equal or minimum playing time policy for those participating under age players. This policy should be subject to the discretion of the coaching staff as it pertains to the health, safety and eligibility (code of conduct) of the individual player. Under 6-Under12- equal playing time Under 13- Under 18- minimum playing time of 30% (over duration of entire season not one match) This policy is as per the Canadian Soccer Association s Long Term Player Development and BC Soccer s Rules and Regulations Appendix 1 - Small-Sided/Mini Soccer Operations Manual Physical Ability A player must meet or exceed other players within their age group in physical strength, technical skill and speed, and have the ability to blend in with players of the intended age group. Mental Ability Player must meet or exceed other players within their age group in game awareness and general knowledge of the game. To include the mental strength that will be necessary when dealing with older and physically superior opponents. Social Ability Player must be able to interact with players within the intended age group on and off the field (games, dressing room, training and social gatherings). The selection of an underage player will ONLY be supported by BC Soccer if the player meets these guidelines. This policy has been developed to address individual player circumstances to ensure that specific windows of trainability are not missed; adhere to LTPD s national game structure; and to avoid coach/ parent aspirations of a player s perceived development. For further information please visit the BC Soccer website at and view the Canadian Soccer Association s Long Term Player Development: Wellness to World Cup documents.

39 38 Appendix D: PLAYING UP POLICY - Teams BC Soccer and its Player Development model support the philosophy of continuing to challenge its member teams. First and foremost, the Club s Technical Lead should exercise a player-centred approach with grouping players of similar abilities together and are encouraged to offer competition through organized game play (see appendix B) with other players of similar ability within their own age group. It is recommended that these activities are delivered within their club, district or neighbouring club teams with similar programming. If this option is unavailable, the Club s Technical Lead may recommend on a case by case basis that a team play up an age but it is essential that the GROUP of players meets the following guidelines for selection: Technical Ability A team s performance must meet or exceed the technical abilities of other participating teams within the age group the team wishes to participate in. A team must demonstrate a high degree of individual and group skill, which must be transferable to competitive match situations. In addition, Playing Time Policy It is required that teams implement an equal or minimum playing time policy for those participating under age players. This policy should be subject to the discretion of the coaching staff as it pertains to the health, safety and eligibility (code of conduct) of the individual player. Under 6-Under12- equal playing time Under 13- Under 18- minimum playing time of 30% (over duration of entire season not one match) This policy is as per the Canadian Soccer Association s Long Term Player Development and BC Soccer s Rules and Regulations Appendix 1 - Small-Sided/Mini Soccer Operations Manual Physical Ability A team must meet or exceed other teams within their age group in physical strength, technical skill and speed, and have the ability to blend in with other teams of the intended age group. Mental Ability The team must meet or exceed other teams within their age group in game awareness and general knowledge of the game. To include the mental strength that will be necessary when dealing with older and physically superior opponents. Social Ability Most importantly, a team must be able to interact with players within the intended age group on and off the field (games, dressing room, training and social gatherings). The selection of an underage team will ONLY be supported by BC Soccer if all players within the team meet these guidelines. This policy has been developed to address those individual team circumstances to ensure that specific windows of trainability are not missed; adhere to LTPD s national game structure; and to avoid the perceived SUPER TEAM mentality and any coach/ parent aspirations of a team s perceived development needs.

40 39 For further information please visit the BC Soccer website at and view the Canadian Soccer Association s Long Term Player Development: Wellness to World Cup documents Appendix E: Official Under 9 & Under 10 Playing Rules The BCSA recommended modifications to the FIFA Laws of the Game. Law 1: The Field of Play Length: 40 (Min) 55 (max) Meters Width: 30 (Min) 36 (max) Meters Field Markings: Distinctive lines not more than fifteen (15) centimetres wide. The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line. The centre mark is indicated at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius of eight (8) meters is marked around it. NB: All field markings may be marked by the means of cones The Goal Area: A goal area is defined at each end of the field as follows: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, ten (10) meters from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of ten (10) meters and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area. The Penalty Area: None Flag posts: None The Corner Arc: None Goals Posts: Goals must be placed on the centre of each goal line and measure x 1.83 Meters or 12 feet wide and 6 feet high. Law 2: The Ball The ball must conform to FIFA standards and must conform to the FIFA inflation specifications. Size four (4) Law 3: The Number of Players A game is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than seven (7) players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. Players will take equal turns to play in all field positions including the goalkeeper position that must be rotated at half time. It is not necessary that all players play in the goalkeeper position during a single game. A match may not start if either team consists of fewer than five players one of whom is the goalkeeper.

41 40 Squad size: 6v6 = max 10 players / 7v7 = max 14 players Substitutions: At any stoppage, substitutions are unlimited and must be done with the officials permission. Playing time: All players SHALL play equal playing time. Law 4: The Players Equipment Conform to FIFA. Non-uniform clothing is allowed based on weather conditions, but uniforms must still distinguish teams. The goalkeeper should wear a colour that distinguishes him/her from both teams. Shin guards are mandatory and must be worn under the socks. Jewellery is not permitted. Law 5: The Referee A Small-Sided Referee must be used. The referee s role is to keep players safe and ensure that the game is played under the fair play code. A Small-Sided Referee can send a team official from the field if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner. Law 6: The Assistant Referees None. The referee or nominated person decides as to which team the throw in is awarded to. Law 7: The Duration of the Match The match will be divided into two (2) equal halves of twenty five (25) minutes each. There shall be a half-time interval of five (5) minutes. Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play Conform to FIFA with the exception of the opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least eight (8) meters from the ball until it is in play. Dropped balls are not part of Small Sided Games Program at this age group and an indirect free kick will be awarded to the team who had possession when the play was stopped. Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play Conform to FIFA. Law 10: The Method of Scoring Conform to FIFA. Law 11: Offside None Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Conform to FIFA with the exception that all fouls shall result in an indirect free kick. An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team at the centre spot on the halfway line if a goalkeeper punts or drop-kicks the ball in the air from his/her goal area into the opponents goal area. No cards shown for misconduct. If a player intentionally strikes, deliberately kicks or spits at an opponent, this player must be substituted and will not be permitted to participate further during the game. The coach should inform the player as to why and correct these actions.

42 41 Law 13: Free Kicks Conform to FIFA with the exception that all free kicks are indirect. All opponents are at least eight (8) meters from the ball. Law 14: The Penalty Kick None Law 15: The Throw-In Conform to FIFA. Law 16: The Goal Kick Conform to FIFA except that: it: shall be taken from anywhere within the goal area. Unlike FIFA, a goal cannot be scored directly from a goal kick. The retreat line is initiated when the ball has gone out for a goal kick. All opposing players will retreat to the markers indicating the retreat line and cannot pursue the ball until: - The ball is received by a teammate OR, - The ball travels over the retreat line OR, - The ball leaves the field of play Encroachment of retreat line: If the defending team encroaches across the retreat line before an opposition player touches the ball then the referee blows the play stopped and issues a re-take of the goal kick. If the opposing team repeatedly infringes the retreat line, an indirect free kick shall be awarded from the place where the offence occurred for not respecting the restart. Law 17: The Corner Kick Conform to FIFA with the exception that opponents remain at least eight (8) meters from the ball until it is in play. Unlike FIFA a goal cannot be scored directly from a corner kick.

43 42 Appendix F: Official Under 11 & Under 12 Playing Rules The BCSA recommended modifications to the FIFA Laws of the Game. Law 1: The Field of Play Length: 60 (Min) 75 (Max) Meters Width: 42 (Min) 55 (Max) Meters Field Markings: Distinctive lines not more than fifteen (15) centimetres wide. The field of play is divided into thirds and by a centre spot that indicates a centre spot that is located at the midpoint. A circle with a radius of nine (9) meters may, but not mandatory be marked around it. An offside line parallel to the centre line should be marked from touch line to touch line at the attacking third mark. NB: All field markings may be marked by the means of cones. Goal Area None The Penalty Area: A penalty area is defined at each end of the field as follows: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line, eleven (11) meters from the inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into the field of play for a distance of eleven (11) meters and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the penalty area. Within each penalty area a penalty mark is made nine (9) meters from the midpoint between the goalposts and equidistant to them. Flag posts: Conform to FIFA if used, they however are not mandatory). The Corner Arc: Conform to FIFA if marked, they however are not mandatory) Goals Posts: Goals must be placed on the centre of each goal line and measure x 1.83 Meters 18feet wide and 6 feet high. Law 2: The Ball The ball must conform to FIFA standards and must conform to the FIFA inflation specifications. Size four (4)

44 43 Law 3: The Number of Players A match is played by two teams, each consisting of not more than eight (8) players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. A match may not start if either team consists of fewer than seven players one of whom is the goalkeeper. All players shall play equal playing time. Squad size: 16 Maximum Substitutions: At any stoppage, substitutions are unlimited and must be done with the officials permission. Playing time: All players SHALL play equal playing time. Law 4: The Players Equipment Conform to FIFA. Non-uniform clothing is allowed based on weather conditions, but uniforms must still distinguish teams. The goalkeeper should wear a colour that distinguishes him/her from both teams. Shin guards are mandatory and must be worn under the socks. Jewellery is not permitted. Law 5: The Referee A Small-Sided Referee must be used. The referee s role is to keep players safe and ensure that the game is played under the fair play code. A Small-Sided Referee can send a team official from the field if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner. Law 6: The Assistant Referee A nominated person Law 7: The Duration of the Match The match will be divided into two (2) halves of thirty (30) minutes each. There shall be a half-time interval of five (5) minutes. Law 8: The Start and Restart of Play Conform to FIFA with the exception that opponents of the team taking the kick-off are at least nine (9) meters from the ball until it is in play. Law 9: The Ball In and Out of Play Conform to FIFA. Law 10: The Method of Scoring Conform to FIFA. Law 11: Offside Conform to FIFA, with the exception of only occurring in the attacking third. A line may be marked as a dotted line, and solid line or single cones on the touch line. When an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick to be taken from the position of the offending player when the ball was last played to him by one of his team-mates.

45 44 A player in an offside position (A) may be penalised before playing or touching the ball, if, in the opinion of the referee, no other team-mate in an onside position has the opportunity to play the ball. Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Conform to FIFA with the exception that an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team at the centre spot on the halfway line if a goalkeeper punts or drop-kicks the ball in the air from his/her penalty area into the opponents penalty area. Cautionary and expulsion cards are used. Law 13: Free Kicks Conform to FIFA with the exception that opponents are at least nine (9) meters from the ball. An indirect kick awarded to the attacking team that occurs inside the penalty area, shall be taken from the outside edge of the penalty area in line where the offense took place. Law 14: The Penalty Kick Conform to FIFA with the exceptions that the penalty mark is marked at nine (9) meters from the goal line. All players except the player taking the kick must be nine (9) meters from the ball. Law 15: The Throw-In Conform to FIFA.