Eesti maksukoormuse areng: jaotus, mõjud ja tulevikuvalikud. Andres Võrk Risto Kaarna
|
|
- Logan Snow
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Eesti maksukoormuse areng: jaotus, mõjud ja tulevikuvalikud Andres Võrk Risto Kaarna
2 Ettekande struktuur 1. Maksusüsteemi eesmärgid 2. Eesti maksusüsteemi eesmärgid 3. Eesti maksutulude struktuur rahvusvahelises võrdluses 4. Maksukoormus ja selle mõjud Tarbimine Tööjõud Ettevõtlustulu 5. Dilemmad ja valikud Eesti maksusüsteemis
3 Maksusüsteemil palju eesmärke Tegevuste soodustamine pärssimine Oluliste välismõjude arvestamine hinnas Tulude ümberjaotus Tulu eelarvesse (REA, KOV, sotskindl.) Makromajanduse stabiilne areng
4 Maksusüsteemi eesmärgid ja kooskõla Tegevuste soodustamine pärssimine Oluliste välismõjude arvestamine hinnas Tulude ümberjaotus Tulu eelarvesse (REA, KOV, sotskindl.) Makromajanduse stabiilne areng Inimeste ja ettevõtete reageerimine rahalistele stiimulitele Sobiv maksusüsteem Tarbimismaksud (nt käibemaks, aktsiisid) Tööjõumaksud (nt sotsiaalkindlustus, tulumaks) Maksud ettevõtlustulult (nt tulumaks) Varanduse maksud (nt maamaks, automaks) Maksud loodusressurssidelt (nt saastetasud)
5 Eesti maksusüsteemi eesmärgid Maksukoormuse soovitav tase 33-36% SKPst Uuendatud konvergentsiprogramm 2010 Eelarvepoliitika peab toetama makromajanduslikku stabiilsust; Eelarve kulutamisvõimalused stabiilsed, ei sõltuks kõikuvast tarbimisest Riigi eelarvestrateegia Maksustada tarbimist ja ressursikasutust Konkurentsivõime tegevuskavas Majandusarengu ja ettevõtluse motiveerimine, madalad maksud ettevõtlustulult ja tööjõult Suurendada tarbimismaksude osakaalu Uuendatud konvergentsiprogramm 2010 Lihtne süsteem, erandite kasutamisest hoiduda ja kaotada Riigi eelarvestrateegia Ümberjaotus, horisontaalne või vertikaalne õiglus pole teemad
6 Üldine maksukoormus madalamate seas EL-is Kasvas majanduskriisi ajal % Maksutulude osakaal SKPst 40% 35% 30% 25% EL-25 Eesti 20% Allikas: Eurostat, Statistikaamet, Praxise prognoos
7 Sotsiaalkaitse kulutused Maksukoormust ja teenuseid-toetusi peab vaatama koos Maksud ja sotsiaalkulutused Eestis madalad, kuid %-na SKPsse tõusid majanduskriisi ajal Maksud ja sotsiaalkaitse kulutused 2007, % SKPst GR PL MT PT UK LU CZ ES SI NL DE HU FR AT FI IT BE DK SE 15 SK IE LT RO LV EE BG CY Maksud Allikas: Eurostat
8 Maksutulude struktuur Eestis suhteliselt stabiilne % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% Muud maksud Aktsiisid Käibemaks Juriidilise isiku tulumaks Füüsilise isiku tulumaks (KOV) Füüsilise isiku tulumaks (RE) Töötuskindlustusmakse Sotsiaalmaks 10% 0% * Allikas: Statistikaamet, Töötukassa
9 Keda maksud mõjutavad? Debattides oluline eristada: Kes maksab või kannab üle seaduse järgi Nt sotsiaalmaksu tasub Eestis tööandja Kelle maksukoormuseks loetakse rahvusvahelistes võrdlustes Nt sotsiaalmaks: Euroopa Komisjon / Eurostat: tööjõu koormus PWC & Maailmapank: ettevõtja koormus Kes tegelikult maksukoorma kannab ehk kelle tulu väheneb Sõltub majanduse struktuurist, sisemaisest ja rahvusvahelisest konkurentsist, inimeste ja ettevõtete käitumisest, ametiühingutest,..
10 Allikas: Euroopa Komisjon Maksukoormus ja selle jaotus EL-27s (% SKPst)
11 Madal kapitalimaksude osakaal Kõrge tarbimismaksude osakaal Keskmine tööjõumaksude osakaal SE AT DE BE FI FR SI DK EE NL HU IT LT CZ LV ES PT EL LU RO SK UK PL IE BG MT CY EL % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Allikas: Eurostat Tööjõud Tarbimine Kapital
12 Tarbimise maksukoormus ja osakaal maksutuludes kasvab Majanduskriisi ajal tõsteti just tarbimismakse Tarbimismaksud enamasti regressiivsed Suurendab maksutulude sõltuvust majandustsüklitest (Võrdne) tarbimismaks põhjustab majanduses vähem hälbeid 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% Tarbimise tegelik maksukoormus Eesti EL-25 EL 2007: 1.Taani 34% 2. Rootsi 28% 3. Ungari 27% Eesti 24% Eesti % Allikas: Eurostat, Rahanduministeerium, Praxise prognoos
13 Pahedest just suitsetamine tähelepanu alla sattunud Aktsiisimäärade areng võrreldes palgaga Sigarettide aktsiis Keskmine palk Bensiiniaktsiis Õlleaktsiis Allikas: Statistikaamet, seadused, autorite arvutused
14 Käibemaks ja aktsiisimaksud enamasti regressiivsed nii sissetuleku kui tarbimise suhtes Käibemaks Alkohol kokku Õlu Vein Viin Tubakatooted Bensiin ja diisel Elekter (2008) Kakwani progressiivsuse indeks tarbimiskulude suhtes, 2007 Regressiivne Progressiivne Allikas: Võrk, Paulus, Poltimäe (2008), autorite arvutused Samas: sotsiaalpoliitika seisukohast on otsetoetused (nt toimetulekutoetus) kuluefektiivsemad tarbimismaksude maksusoodustustest
15 % 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% Tööjõu tegelik maksukoormus alanenud Tulumaks alanes (ca 90% tööjõu maksukoormus) Edasine alandamine keeruline: sotsiaalmaks seotud tööjõu rahastamisega Tööjõu maksukoormus (maksude osakaal tööjõukulus) EL-25 Eesti EL 2007: 1.Itaalia 44% 2. Rootsi 42% 3. Belgia 42% Eesti 34% Malta 41% Allikas: Eurostat, Praxise prognoos
16 Tööjõukulude osatähtsus kogu tööjõust Madalapalgalised: kas töötada või mitte; oluline koosmõju sotsiaaltoetustega Kõrgepalgalised: kas võtta töötasu või kasum % 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Kinnipeetud tööjõumaksude koormus Allikas: autorite arvutused Tööjõukulu kokku Kog.pens Tulumaks Töötusk. SM: ravik. SM: pens. Suurem probleem madalapalgaliste maksukoormus: Teooria Eesti kogemus ja sotsiaaltoetuste jäikus osa-ajaga töötamise suhtes Teiste riikide kogemus Staehr (2008)
17 Empiiriliselt leitud, et kõrgem maksukiil (maksude osa tööjõukuludes) vähendab hõivet Euroopa Komisjon (2004) Employment in Europe OECD riikide kohta: 1 protsendipunkt kõrgem maksukiil vähendab hõivemäära 0.25 protsendipunkti Võrk jt (2007) 8 KIE riigi kohta: 1 pp kõrgem maksukiil vähendab hõivemäära ca 0.5 protsendipunkti
18 Sotsiaalmaksu lagi = Regressiivne tulumaks töötasule (kui brutopalk paindlik) Sotsiaalmaksu lagi krooni Tulumaksu piirmäär alates kr negatiivne 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Kog.pens Tulumaks Töötusk. SM: ravik. SM: pens. 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Tööjõukulu kokku Tööjõukulu kokku Allikas: autorite arvutused
19 Võidu osakaal netotuludest (%) Tööjõumaksude regressiivsust tekitavad osaliselt juba praegu tulust positiivselt sõltuvad maksusoodustused Tulumaksu soodustuste mõju leibkondade netotulule Õppelaenu intressid Hariduskulud Eluasemelaenu intressid III sammas I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Leibkondade jaotus netotulude järgi (detsiilid) Allikas: Võrk, Paulus, Poltimäe (2008), autorite arvutused
20 CY IT UK MT LU ES FR BE IE PL CZ FI DK PT SE DE EL AT NL SK BG RO HU SI LV LT EE Kapitalimaksude roll ja maksukoormus madal Riikide vahel suurem varieeruvus varanduse maksustamisel Kapitalimaksude tulu roll, 2007 (% SKPst) Varandus FIEde tulu Majapidamiste tulu Ettevõtlustulu -2 Allikas: Eurostat
21 Rahvusvaheline kogemus: kõige tundlikum maksudele on kasumi nihutamine Ettevõtte otsustus Maks Efekti suurus (elastsus) Kasumi nihutamine Seadusjärgne maksumäär 1,2 Ettevõtlusvorm Ettevõtte vs erasiku maksukoormus 0,7 Investeeringu asukoht Tegelik keskmine maksumäär 0,65 Investeeringute ulatus Tegelik piirmaksumäär 0,4 Rahastamispoliitika Võla ja omakapitali maksukoormuse erinevus 0,15 Allikas: De Mooij, Ederveen (2008). Corporate Tax Elasticities. A Reader s Guide to Empirical Findings. Working Paper 08/22. Oxford University Centre For Business Taxation
22 Kapitali ja ettevõtlustulu maksukoormus madal Madal tegelik maksukoormus Eestis => soodustab investeeringuid Keskmine nominaalne maksumäär => ei soodusta kasumit välja võtma Eestis 40% Ettevõtlustulu tegelik maksukoormus EL 2007: 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Allikas: Eurostat, Praxise prognoos EL-25 Eesti Hispaania 59.7% Küpros 38.7% Prantsus. 33.2% Soome 17.9% Holland 11.0% Leedu 10.7% Eesti 8.8%
23 Euroopas ettevõtete tulumaksumäärad alanevad Eesti nominaalne maksumäär keskmine Ettevõtete tulumaksumäärad EL-is, EL 2009: 1. Malta 35 % 2. Prantsus. 34.4% Eesti 21% Iirimaa 12.5% 26. Bulgaaria 10% EU-27 kesk. 23.6% Allikas: Euroopa Komisjon
24 Ettevõtluse soodsa maksustamise mõjud ei ole veel selged Raske eristada majandusbuumi ja maksusüsteemi mõjusid investeeringute kasvule Teoreetiliselt investeeringud suurenevad, kuid ühiskonna heaolu võib väheneda, kuna valitsus peab tõstma muid makse Jaotamata kasumi osatähtsus on suurenenud ettevõtete kogukapitalis. Aga suurenenud likviidsed varad Rahvusvaheliste ettevõtete maksutase ei ole olnud kriitiline tegur asukoha valikul OECD (2009): ei aita kaasa restruktureerimisele IMF (2010): kasumi tootlikkus madal, kitsas maksubaas
25 Kriisiaegne muudatus Baas Mõju maksukoormuse jaotusele Käibemaksu tõus Tarbimine Kergelt regressiivne Alkoholi- ja tubakaaktsiisi tõus Tarbimine Veinile progressiivne Õllele ja kangele alkoholile, tubakatoodetele regressiivne Mootorikütuse aktsiisi tõus Elektriaktsiisi tõus Tarbimine Mootorikütusele progressiivne Elektrile regressiivne Töötuskindlustusmakse tõus Tööjõud Progressiivne kogu tulujaotuse suhtes Proportsionaalne töise tulu suhtes Tulumaksuvabastus esimese Tööjõud Neutraalne lapse järgi tühistati Maksustatavast tulust Tööjõud Tulumaks progressiivsemaks mahaarvamiste vähendamine Maamaksu alampiiri tõstmine Kapital Maamaks progressiivsemaks Tulumaksumäära alandamise Tööjõud, Tulumaks progressiivsemaks tühistamine kapital Tulumaksuvabastuse tõstmise Tööjõud Tulumaks vähem progressiivseks
26 Kokkuvõte Domineerivad tarbimismaksud ja tööjõumaksud Tarbimise maksukoormus kasvas majanduskriisi ajal Suhteliselt enam tabanud vaesemat elanikkonda Tööjõu maksukoormus Euroopa keskmine, kasvas majanduskriisi ajal Madalapalgaliste maksukoormuse alandamine tööturu seisukohalt olulisem Ettevõtlustulu tegelik maksukoormus on madalaim Euroopas Varandusmaksude (automaksud, kinnisvaramaksud) roll maksutuludes väikseim Euroopas Maksusüsteem lihtne, ei soovita kasutada ebavõrdsuse vähendajana või tegevuste suunajana
27 Teiste soovitused ja plaanid OECD (2009) ja IMF (2010) Madalam sotsiaalmaks Eraisiku tulumaks Tulumaksusoodustus eluasemelaenult kaotada Laste arvu järgi maksuvabastus kaotada Pensionide maksuvabastuse kaotamist kaaluda Tõsta üksikisiku maksuvaba miinimumi, kaaluda kõrgemat progresseeruvat tulumaksu määra Tõsta käibemaksu Sh kaotada VAT erandid hotellile, raamatutele, ajakirjadele Kaaluda klassikalist madalama maksumääraga ettevõtete tulumaksusüsteemi Tõsta automakse Kehtestada kinnisvaramaks
28 Dilemmad Eesti maksusüsteemis 1. Kõrged tarbimismaksud Ei riku majanduslikke valikuid... aga on regressiivsed ja nende maksutulu ebastabiilsem 2. Kõrged tööjõumaksud, eriti sotsiaalmaks Stabiilne tulu, motiveerib töötama... aga seotud tervishoiu ja pensionide rahastamisega
29 Dilemmad Eesti maksusüsteemis 3. Varanduse maksud väga madalad Soodustavad varanduse akumulatsiooni... aga maksubaas seetõttu kitsas, maksusüsteem vähe progressiivne, vähendab maa käivet 4. Ettevõtete tulumaksusüsteem Soodustab reinvesteeringuid (?)... aga madala tootlikkusega ja maksubaas väga kitsas
30 Kas ja mida tagasi pöörata? Dilemmad Eesti maksusüsteemis 5. Maksusüsteem lihtne ja erandeid vähe Lihtne administreerida... aga ei saa kasutada maksupoliitikat tegevuste suunamiseks (+ praegused erandid vähe põhjendatud) 6. Majanduskriisi aegsed otsused ja pikaajalised eesmärgid Tõsteti tarbimismakse... aga tõusid tööjõumaksud
31 Täname! Andres Võrk Risto Kaarna
EUROOPA LIIDUS MAKSUSTATAKSE JÄTKUVALT TARBIMIST
EUROOPA LIIDUS MAKSUSTATAKSE JÄTKUVALT TARBIMIST Anu Lill Statistikaamet Euroopa Liidu uuemad liikmesriigid maksustavad enamjaolt tarbimist, vanad aga tulu ja omandit. Neljateistkümnes, ehk ligikaudu pooltes
More informationFIREARMS IN THE EU September respondents. EU Member States PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF FIREARMS
FIREARMS IN THE EU The disruption of illicit manufacturing and trafficking in firearms is one of the EU s law enforcement priorities for 2014-17 PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF FIREARMS Source: Flash Eurobarometer
More informationKonjunktuur 1 (188) Eesti Konjunktuuriinstituut EESTI MAJANDUS- KLIIMA
Konjunktuur 1 (188) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 MÄRTS 2014 HEA RAHUL- DAV HALB EESTI MAJANDUS- KLIIMA 1. Majanduse üldolukord 2014. a märtsis ja 6 kuu pärast (L. Kuum) 2. Konjunktuuribaromeetrid: märts 2014 2.1.
More informationROAD SAFETY: Towards a European Road Safety Area: Policy orientations on road safety
ROAD SAFETY: Towards a European Road Safety Area: Policy orientations on road safety TWO MAIN POLICY PAPERS WHITE PAPER 2011: Towards a zero-vision on road safety POLICY ORIENTATIONS ON ROAD SAFETY 2011-2020
More informationLife Domain: Education and Vocational Training Goal Dimension: Objective Living Conditions
Life Domain: Education and Vocational Training Goal Dimension: Objective Living Conditions Measurement Dimension: Educational Performance Subdimension: Pupil literacy Indicator: F1211 Reading Literacy
More informationPIN Flash 18 - Background tables
PIN Flash 18 - Background tables Definition of deaths on urban/rural rural roads How the urban/rural distinction is made in the statistics that your country provides to CARE CARE Deaths on rural roads
More informationIran and the future of European Gas Supply the European Perspective
PD Dr. Lutz Mez Berlin Centre for Caspian Region Studies Freie Universität Berlin lmez@zedat.fu-berlin.de www.fu-berlin.de/bccare Iran and the future of European Gas Supply the European Perspective BC
More informationInformation on the implementation of Commission Regulation (EC) No 504/2008 on the identification of equidae
Information on the implementation of Commission Regulation (EC) No 504/2008 on the identification of equidae report based on MSs' information Unit G2 Animal health Directorate-General for European Commission,
More informationUnprotected road users left behind in efforts to reduce road deaths 5 th PIN Conference 21 June Henk Stipdonk, SWOV
Unprotected road users left behind in efforts to reduce road deaths 5 th PIN Conference 21 June 2011 Henk Stipdonk, SWOV Reduction in road deaths since 2001 44% of all deaths are unprotected road users,
More informationCountry
Life Domain: Income, Standard of Living, and Consumption Patterns Goal Dimension: Disparities, Inequalities, and Social Exclusion Measurement Dimension: Subdimension: Indicator: Definition: Population:
More informationSEASONAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ROAD FATALITIES IN EUROPE
SEASONAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ROAD FATALITIES IN EUROPE George Yannis, Associate Professor, NTUA Petros Evgenikos, PhD Candidate, NTUA Panagiotis Papantoniou, PhD Candidate, NTUA Jeremy Broughton, Doctor,
More informationMuuseumide statistika. Kutt Kommel analüütik
Muuseumide statistika Kutt Kommel analüütik Muuseumide definitsioon Muuseum on ühiskonna ja selle arengu teenistuses olev mittetulunduslik, alaline, külastajatele avatud institutsioon, mis hariduse, teaduse
More informationMFF and the CAP Legislative financial statement
MFF 2021-2027 and the CAP Legislative financial statement COMAGRI meeting 10 July 2018 CAP POST-2020 LEGAL PROPOSALS COM(2018) 392 Proposal for a Regulation establishing rules on support for strategic
More informationUpdate of trade weights data underlying the EERs and HCIs
August 2017 Update of trade weights data underlying the EERs and HCIs The trade weights underlying the calculation of the effective exchange rates (EERs) of the euro and the harmonised competitiveness
More informationBeyond market forces: a story of changing economic inequalities in rich countries
Beyond market forces: a story of changing economic inequalities in rich countries Virginia Maestri Social Inequalities in Europe, Athens 20 June 2014 The views expressed in this presentation are solely
More informationList of nationally authorised medicinal products
22 July 2015 EMA/586234/2015 Procedure Management and Committees Support Active substance: amiodarone Procedure no.: PSUSA/00000166/201412 30 Churchill Place Canary Wharf London E14 5EU United Kingdom
More information1. Annex 1: Indicators
1. Annex 1: Indicators 1.1 Input indicators 1. Financial envelope of AGN operating agreements over 7 years, in * Euro 613 740 613 740 572 773 553 605 553 605 638 904 638 904 *Reported budget outcome 2.
More informationTime series of Staff PPPs
Luxembourg, 28 August 2013 Unit C3 A64/13/12 Meeting of the Working Group on Article 64 of the Staff Regulations Luxembourg, 27 th September 2013 Bech Building Room "Ampère" 9.30 a.m. Time series of Staff
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2008
Urban road fatalities were reduced by more than 29% between 1997 and 2006. In 2006, more than 8.100 persons died in road accidents inside urban areas in the EU-14. This corresponds to 33,2% of all the
More informationEU-Labour Force Survey November 2015 release. Setup for Importing the Anonymised Yearly Data Sets for
EU-Labour Force Survey Data Service German Microdata Lab German Microdata Lab EU-Labour Force Survey November 2015 release Setup for Importing the Anonymised Yearly Data Sets for 1983-2014 Content I. Overview
More informationROAD SAFETY: the European Union Strategy and Efforts
ROAD SAFETY: the European Union Strategy and Efforts Conference on improving Road Safety in the BSEC Region Ioannina, Greece, 18-19 Nonember 2010 Eleni Geka, Team Europe, on behalf of the European Commission
More informationFuture of Collective Bargaining in Germany and the Importance of the recently introduced Minimum Wage Regulations
Future of Collective Bargaining in Germany and the Importance of the recently introduced Minimum Wage Regulations Thorsten Schulten Council of Nordic Trade Unions (NFS) & Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES)
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2011
Urban areas Fatalities on urban roads were reduced by 32% between 2000 and 2009. In 2009, about 12.300 people died in traffic accidents on urban roads in the EU-19. This corresponds to 38% of all road
More informationPosting of workers in the European Union and EFTA countries : Report on A1 portable documents issued in 2010 and 2011
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion DG Analysis, Evaluation, External Relations Employment Analysis Posting of workers in the European Union and EFTA countries : Report on A1 portable
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2008
More than 5.000 people died in road traffic accidents involving HGVs in 2006 1 (EU-14 plus the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary Malta and Poland) Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2008 and Buses (HGVs) are defined
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2008
In 2006 1, more than 4.700 seniors died in road traffic accidents in 14 European countries. Fatalities of elderly people in road traffic accidents reduced by over 3 between 1997 and 2006. Traffic Safety
More informationRoad Safety Country Overview November Norway
Road Safety Country Overview November 2012 Norway Basic data Structure and Culture Table 1: Basic data of Norway in relation to the. (Sources: [1] OECD/ITF, 2011; [2] Eurostat; [3] DG-TREN, 2005; [4] CIA;
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2012
Urban areas Fatalities on urban roads were reduced by 39% between 2001 and 2010. In 2010, about 10.830 people died in traffic accidents on urban roads in the EU-19. This corresponds to 38% of all road
More informationSTATISTICS
DGAGRI-G2 23 Novembre 2017 W O R K I N G D O C U M E N T Horticultural Products FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS STATISTICS 2006-2016 This statistical document has been prepared by Unit G.2 of DG AGRI, in
More informationEducation and Training 2020: progress being made?
ACA POLICY SEMINAR, Brussels, 20 January 2012 Education and Training 2020: progress being made? Richard Deiss, European Commission, DG Education and Culture, Unit A4 -Analysis and Studies 20 slides 1 From
More informationSafety culture in professional road transport in Norway and Greece
Safety culture in professional road transport in Norway and Greece Tor-Olav Nævestad 1, Ross O. Phillips 1, Alexandra Laiou 2, George Yannis 2 1 Institute of Transport Economics, Norway 2 National Technical
More informationSteve Laffey Railroad Safety Specialist Illinois Commerce Commission.
Steve Laffey Railroad Safety Specialist Illinois Commerce Commission slaffey@icc.illinois.gov 1. International Benchmarking & Best Practices 2. SELCAT 3. ELCF 4. RESTRAIL 5. ILCAD 6. GLXS Data Item 2010
More informationHeavy Goods Vehicles and Buses
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Heavy Goods Vehicles and Buses General More than 4.000 people died in road accidents involving HGVs in 2013. Heavy Goods Vehicles
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Traffic Safety. Gender Basic Facts Gender
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Gender Basic Facts 2017 Gender General In 2015, more than 26.100 people were killed in road accidents throughout
More informationTransport safety culture in private and professional road transport in Norway and Greece (the SafeCulture project)
Transport safety culture in private and professional road transport in Norway and Greece (the SafeCulture project) Tor-Olav Nævestad, Alexandra Laiou, Ross O. Phillips, Torkel Bjørnskau, George Yannis
More informationMajanduskriisi mõju potentsiaalsele kasvule
Majanduskriisi mõju potentsiaalsele kasvule Natalie Lubenets Majandusanalüütik Euroopa komisjoni majanduse ja rahanduse peadirektoraat Eesti Koostöö Kogu seminar Kriisiaja otsuste pikaajaline mõju 15.
More informationThe Sustainability of Public Finances in Belgium: Regional, Federal and EU Perspectives
The Sustainability of Public Finances in Belgium: Regional, Federal and EU Perspectives Per Eckefeldt European Commission BEL-DEBT Project CEPS, Brussels, 24 February 2014 The views expressed herein are
More informationCHANGEOVER OF THE QUARTERLY FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS IMPACT ASSESSMENT. Executive Summary TO ESA 2010 AND GUIDELINE ECB/2013/24:
WORKING GROUP ON FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS ECB-UNRESTRICTED 6 OCTOBER 2015 CHANGEOVER OF THE QUARTERLY FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS TO ESA 2010 AND GUIDELINE ECB/2013/24: IMPACT ASSESSMENT Executive Summary This report
More informationStandard Eurobarometer 84 Autumn Report. Media use in the European Union
Fieldwork November 2015 Survey requested and co-ordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Junctions
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2016 Junctions General In 2014, about 26.000 people were killed in road accidents throughout the EU; at least 5.000 of whom were
More informationoutside motorways in 17 European Union countries Figure 1: Fatalities on ROU areas in EU-17 2, ,4
Roads outside urban areas During the last decade, more than 225000 people died in accidents on roads outside urban areas (5 of all road traffic fatalities). More than 225.000 people were killed in traffic
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2010
Pedestrians In 2008 7,491 pedestrians were killed in road traffic accidents in the EU-23, which is 20.4 % of all fatalities. In the last decade, pedestrian fatalities have reduced by 25.2%, while the total
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2010
Overall frequencies On ROU areas frequencies Roads During the last decade, more than 174000 people died in accidents on roads (54% of all road traffic fatalities). More than 174.000 people were killed
More informationfatalities has reduced by more than 35%. Table 1: Pedestrian fatalities by country by year,
Pedestrians In 2009, 6.641 pedestrians were killed in road traffic accidents in the EU24, which is 20 % of all fatalities. In the last decade in the EU19 1, pedestrian fatalities have reduced by 34%, while
More informationMARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE ACTIONS STATISTICS INDIVIDUAL FELLOWSHIPS
MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE ACTIONS STATISTICS INDIVIDUAL FELLOWSHIPS Dernière mise à jour : Février 2019 1 EF ST EF CAR/RI SE GF European Fellowships Standard European Fellowships CAR/RI Society and Enterprise
More informationRoad Safety Country Overview November Poland
Road Safety Country Overview November 2012 Poland Basic data Structure and Culture Poland has a high population density but a low number of vehicles per person. Table 1: Basic data of Poland in relation
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Traffic Safety. Main Figures Basic Facts 2015.
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Main Figures Basic Facts 2015 Main Figures EU road safety targets The European Commission set the ambitious
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2012
Roads outside urban areas During the last decade, more than 206000 people died in accidents on roads outside urban areas (53% of all road traffic fatalities). More than 206.000 people were killed in traffic
More informationEuropean Trend Chart on Innovation EUROPEAN INNOVATION SCOREBOARD 2005 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION PERFORMANCE
European Trend Chart on Innovation EUROPEAN INNOVATION SCOREBOARD 2005 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATION PERFORMANCE 1 2005 EUROPEAN INNOVATION SCOREBOARD 1. Introduction...3 1.1. Executive summary...3
More informationThe structure of the euro area recovery
The structure of the euro area recovery Rolf Strauch, Chief Economist JPMorgan Investor Seminar, IMF Annual Meetings Washington, October 2017 The euro area: a systemic player in global trade Trade openness
More informationFacts and figures on the CFP. Basic data on the Common Fisheries Policy
Facts and figures on the CFP Basic data on the Common Fisheries Policy Edition 2004 Statistics were provided by Eurostat. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the
More informationInstallation and operation manual SUNWOOD MARINO LPG
Installation and operation manual SUNWOOD MARINO Version: Natural Gas LPG Specifications Manufacturer Sunderman Openhaarden V.O.F. / Sunwood Contact details Christiaan Huygensstraat 10 2665 KX Bleiswijk
More informationDeliverable D3.2 Assembly of Basic Fact Sheets 2010
Road Safety Data, Collection, Transfer and Analysis Deliverable D3.2 Assembly of Basic Fact Sheets 2010 Please refer to this report as follows: Broughton, J and Knowles, J (2011) Assembly of Basic Fact
More informationCountry fact sheet Germany
Country fact sheet Germany ESRA 2015 results The ESRA project is a joint initiative of research institutes in 17 European countries aiming at collecting comparable national data on road users opinions,
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Cyclists
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2018 Cyclists General In 2016, about 25.600 people were killed in road accidents throughout the EU, a reduction of 40% from the
More informationReport. ESMA Data on Prospectuses Approved and Passported January 2013 to December October 2014 ESMA/2014/1276
Report ESMA Data on Prospectuses Approved and Passported January 2013 to December 2013 21 October 2014 ESMA/2014/1276 Date: 21 October 2014 ESMA/2014/1276 Acronyms used Country code Member State National
More informationPublic Procurement Indicators 2015
Public Procurement Indicators 21 DG GROW G4 - Innovative and e-procurement December 19, 216 1 Summary of main facts This document provides various indicators describing the public procurement market in
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Cyclists
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2016 Cyclists General In 2014, about 26.000 people were killed in road accidents throughout the EU, a reduction of 42% from the
More informationReport. ESMA Data on Prospectuses Approved and Passported - January 2012 to December June 2013 ESMA/2013/741
Report ESMA Data on Prospectuses Approved and Passported - January 2012 to December 2012 13 June 2013 ESMA/2013/741 Date: 13 June 2013 ESMA/2013/741 Acronyms used Country code Member State National Competent
More informationExposure estimations before and after the new EFSA-Guidance ECPA s perspective based on examples
Exposure estimations before and after the new EFSA-Guidance ECPA s perspective based on examples Overview Lack of clear guidance & room for interpretation Following the guidance document finalisation by
More informationThe European Research Council
The European Research Council ERC Funding Opportunities: Supporting excellent researchers all over Europe The ERC s quest to support excellent researchers all over Europe Prof Eva Kondorosi Chair ERC Working
More informationPublic Procurement Indicators 2014
Ref. Ares(216)78649-1/2/216 Public Procurement Indicators 214 DG GROW G4 - Innovative and e-procurement February 2, 216 1 Summary of main facts This document provides various indicators describing the
More informationTEPZZ _ Z684A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (51) Int Cl.: A01D 34/82 ( )
(19) TEPZZ _ Z684A_T (11) EP 3 1 684 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 2.01.17 Bulletin 17/04 (1) Int Cl.: A01D 34/82 (06.01) (21) Application number: 1617949.9 (22) Date of
More informationEesti metsa- ja puidutööstuse sektoruuring 2012
Eesti metsa- ja puidutööstuse sektoruuring 2012 UURINGU LÕPPARUANNE Uuringut rahastati Euroopa Sotsiaalfondi vahenditest Tartu 17. juuni 2013 Toimetaja: Marek Tiits Uuringu töögrupp: Kalev Kaarna, Kristjan
More informationThe European Research Council (ERC) is the first pan-european funding body supporting the best frontier research in Europe 1.
The European Research Council (ERC) is the first pan-european funding body supporting the best frontier research in Europe 1. The ERC was created by the European Commission in February 2007. It is the
More informationThe European Research Council
The European Research Council The ERC: a Success Story for the EU Isabelle Vernos ICREA research Professor CRG BIST founding Conference March 31 st, 2017 Celebrating ERC-10 in Europe and beyond ü ERC Week:
More informationIBAN Mandatory Countries for International Payments
IBAN Mandatory Countries for International Payments SWIFT Standards (IBAN Mandatory) ISO CTRY CODE SEPA Format of Receiver Bank Account Number Albania AL No IBAN-28 Andorra AD No IBAN-24 Austria AT Yes
More informationFacts and figures on the CFP. Basic data on the Common Fisheries Policy
E D I T I O N 2 0 0 6 Facts and figures on the CFP Basic data on the Common Fisheries Policy Statistics were provided by Eurostat. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available
More informationFacts and figures on the CFP BASIC DATA ON THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY
Facts and figures on the CFP BASIC DATA ON THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY EDITION 2008 Statistics provided by Eurostat. Data on fleet, jobs and Community aid provided by the Directorate-General for Maritime
More informationRoad traffic accidents in European urban areas
1 st European Road Infrastructure Congress 18-20 October 2016 Leeds, United Kingdom Road traffic accidents in European urban areas Robert Bauer a1, Klaus Machata a, Christian Brandstaetter a George Yannis
More informationEstonian Road Administration
Estonian Road Administration Tamur Tsäkko Director General 01 September 2011 Main Functions The main functions of the Road Administration are: 1. road management and creation of conditions for safe traffic
More informationLand management and hunting in Hungary
Land management and hunting in Hungary Prof.Dr. Sándor CSÁNYI Department of Wildlife Biology, Szent István University H-2103 Gödöllõ, Hungary www.vvt.gau.hu European context No uniform EU legislation of
More informationList of nationally authorised medicinal products
14 April 2016 EMA/316649/2016 Procedure Management and Committees Support List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance(s): olodaterol Procedure No.: PSUSA/00010245/201509 30 Churchill
More informationEesti rahvusvaheline konkurentsivõime 2010 AASTARAAMAT
RIIGIKANTSELEI Eesti rahvusvaheline konkurentsivõime 2010 AASTARAAMAT Eesti konkurentsivõime maailma 58 riigi ja Euroopa Liidu 24 liikmesriigi võrdluses Tallinn, detsember 2010 Väljaande koostas: EKI juhtivteadur
More informationEesti prioriteedi maksuvaldkonnas. Avaliku sektori efektiivsus homses Euroopas ja mõju ettevõtjale Erki Usin 28.
Avaliku sektori efektiivsus homses Euroopas ja mõju ettevõtjale Erki Usin 28. mai 2014 Eesti prioriteedi maksuvaldkonnas 1 Praeguse koalitsiooni maksuvaldkonna lubadused Aktsiisitõusud: alkohol, tubakas,
More informationList of nationally authorised medicinal products
27 October 2016 EMA/735253/2016 Procedure Management and Committees Support Active substance: eletriptan Procedure no.: PSUSA/00001204/201602 30 Churchill Place Canary Wharf London E14 5EU United Kingdom
More informationEP A1 (19) (11) EP A1. (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC
(19) (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 153(4) EPC (11) EP 2 481 666 A1 (43) Date of publication: 01.08.2012 Bulletin 2012/31 (21) Application number: 10826779.0 (22) Date
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2012
Car Occupants Introduction This fact sheet explores some of the characteristics of car occupant fatalities. Cars comprise a considerable share of the vehicle fleet in the EU. Therefore, better understanding
More informationTEPZZ A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2013/48
(19) TEPZZ 66654 A_T (11) EP 2 666 543 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 27.11.2013 Bulletin 2013/48 (51) Int Cl.: B02C 13/286 (2006.01) B02C 13/18 (2006.01) (21) Application
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2011
Single vehicle accidents A significant decrease of 36% in single vehicle accident fatalities is recorded during the decade 2000-2009 In this Basic Fact Sheet, single vehicle accident or single vehicle
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Road Safety. Urban Areas. Country Overview.
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Road Safety Urban Areas Country Overview Luxembourg Structure and Culture Basic Data Luxembourg has one of the highest GDPs
More informationTEPZZ 9_ 9 A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION. (43) Date of publication: Bulletin 2015/36
(19) TEPZZ 9_ 9 A_T (11) EP 2 913 293 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 02.09.2015 Bulletin 2015/36 (51) Int Cl.: B66D 1/38 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 15250003.9 (22)
More informationTEPZZ A_T EP A1 (19) (11) EP A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
(19) TEPZZ 55475 A_T (11) EP 2 554 752 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 06.02.2013 Bulletin 2013/06 (21) Application number: 11176100.3 (51) Int Cl.: E02D 7/06 (2006.01) E02D
More informationEurostatistics DATA FOR SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 04/2018. Statistical
Eurostatistics DATA FOR SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS /8 Statistical books Eurostatistics DATA FOR SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC ANALYSIS /8 Manuscript completed in April 8 Neither the European Commission nor any
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2012
Heavy Goods Vehicles and Buses More than 4800 people died in road traffic accidents involving HGVs in 2010 (EU-24 1 ). In the last two years, the fatalities involving HGVs in Romania have decreased by
More informationList of selected projects Creative Europe - Media. Development of audiovisual content - Slate Funding Application deadline: Feb 6, 2018
List of selected projects Creative Europe - Media Call for proposals: EACEA/23/2017 Selection year: 2018 Development of audiovisual content - Slate Funding Application deadline: Feb 6, 2018 N Reference
More informationBUILDING THE CZECH ROAD SAFETY OBSERVATORY
BUILDING THE CZECH ROAD SAFETY OBSERVATORY Jiří Ambros Centrum dopravního výzkumu, v.v.i. (Transport Research Centre) Czech Republic jiri.ambros@cdv.cz Abstract The main purpose of SENZOR project is to
More informationYoungsters (Aged 15-17)
ffic Safety Basic Facts 2011 Youngsters (Aged 15-17) In this Basic Fact Sheet, youngsters are defined as those between 15 and 17 years old. This age corresponds to the learning of autonomy, and more particularly
More informationTEPZZ 69Z 85A T EP A2 (19) (11) EP A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
(19) TEPZZ 69Z 8A T (11) EP 2 690 28 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: 29.01.14 Bulletin 14/0 (21) Application number: 13177476.2 (1) Int Cl.: F03D 7/02 (06.01) F03D 7/00 (06.01)
More informationPremium T-Shirt. Premium T-Shirt -KIDS. T-Shirt Lady Fashion. Price Public 29,00 Availability: 5 to 7 work days
Premium T-Shirt Price Public 29,00 Cotton Oficial KEYSI T-shirt Premium T-Shirt -KIDS Price Public 24,00 KIDS Cotton Oficial KEYSI T-shirt T-Shirt Lady Fashion Price Public 29,00 Cotton Oficial KEYSI T-shirt
More informationREGIONAL DEPENDENCY ON FISHERIES
STUDY Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies REGIONAL DEPENDENCY ON FISHERIES FISHERIES October 2007 EN Directorate General Internal Policies of the Union Policy Department Structural and
More informationPublic data underlying the figures of Annual Report on the Results of Monitoring the Internal Electricity and Natural Gas Markets in 2016
Public data underlying the figures of Annual Report on the Results of Monitoring the Internal Electricity and Natural Gas Markets in 2016 December 2017 Legal notice This document is a joint publication
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts 2010
Heavy Goods Vehicles and Buses Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) are defined as goods vehicles of over 3,5 tons maximum permissible gross vehicle weight. Road traffic accidents involving HGVs tend to be more
More informationAVALIKU SEKTORI HÕIVE JA SELLE DÜNAAMIKA EESTIS JA TEISTES OECD RIIKIDES
Sisekaitseakadeemia Finantskolledž Liia Pajusaar AVALIKU SEKTORI HÕIVE JA SELLE DÜNAAMIKA EESTIS JA TEISTES OECD RIIKIDES Lõputöö Juhendaja: Indrek Saar, PhD Tallinn 2017 SISEKAITSEAKADEEMIA LÕPUTÖÖ ANNOTATSIOON
More informationRoad safety strategy: Lithuania
Road safety strategy: Lithuania Gražvydas JAKUBAUSKAS Director of Road Transport and Civil Aviation Policy Department Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania September 10,
More informationEl progreso hacia el objetivo europeo de reducción de la accidentalidad. Resultados del 3er informe PIN
El progreso hacia el objetivo europeo de reducción de la accidentalidad Resultados del 3er informe PIN Presentation outline Introduce ETSC and its PIN programme Present some of the findings of our new
More informationThe UPOV Convention: an International Standard
EU Plant Variety Rights in the 21 st Century Conference on the outcome of the evaluation of the Community Plant Variety Rights Regime The UPOV Convention: an International Standard Peter Button (Vice Secretary-General,
More informationTraffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Road Safety. Urban Areas. Country Overview.
Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2013 - Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Road Safety Urban Areas Country Overview Latvia Structure and Culture Basic Data 67,4% of Latvian population lives inside
More information