Prevention of Motorcycle Injuries in Africa: Case of West Africa and Ghana

Transcription

1 Prevention of Motorcycle Injuries in Africa: Case of West Africa and Ghana RTIRN Regional Workshop in Accra at Alisa Hotel, North Ridge, on December 2, 2009 By Francis K. Afukaar Principal Research Scientist Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ;

2 Overview of Presentation General background Road traffic injuries pattern in selected West African Countries The Ghanaian RTI situation Strategies for prevention Conclusion

3 General Background In most West African countries theuse of motorcycles as personal means of transport has become popular due to Cost compared to automobile Short to medium distance personal travels needs Manoeuvrability and convenience Time budget and low cost infrastructural needs Congestion in large cities Theissue of personal safety is mostly not considered

4 Proport Distribution (%) of Traffic Deaths By Transport Participants in Ghana, Cameroun & Benin Moto r - Rid ers C yclists O ther D riv ers Passengers Pedestrians Moto r - Rid ers Cyc lists Drivers Pas sengers Pedestrians M oto r - Riders Cyclists Drivers Passengers Pedestria ns 0 Source: WHO, 2009 Ghana Cameroun Benin ion of Road Traff f ic Deaths (% )

5 Distribution (%) of Traffic Deaths By Vulnerable Road Users in Ghana, Cameroun & Benin Pedestria ns Moto rcyclists Cyclists Pedestria ns Motorcyclists Cyclists Pedestria ns Moto rcyclists Cyclists 0.0 Ghana Cameroun Benin Source: WHO, 2009 Proportio n of Road Traffic Deaths (%)

6 The motorcycle injuries situation in Thegeneral pattern Ghana Factors affecting MC injuries in northern parts of Ghana Risk factors Cost effective strategic interventions

7 Table 1. Regional Distribution (%) of Killed and Serious injuries (KSI) by Road User Class in Ghana ( ) Region Pedestrian Car Occupant Goods Veh. Occp Bus/ Minibus Motor cyclist Pick-Up Occupants Cyclist Other Ashanti Brong Ahafo Central Eastern Greater Accra Northern Upper East Upper West Volta Western Whole Country Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ; 7

8 Table 2. Motorcycle Injuries by Road Location Environment in Northern Ghana ( ) Road Location Killed Serious Slight Total F.I Urban Rural Village Total % Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ; admin@brri.org 8

9 Table 3. Motorcycle Injuries by Time of Day in the Northern Ghana ( ) Time of Day Killed Serious Slight Total F.I Total % Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ; admin@brri.org 9

10 Table 4. Motorcycle Injuries by Collision Mechanism in Northern Ghana ( ) Collision Type Killed Serious Slight Total F.I Head On Rear End Right Angle Side Swipe Ran Off Road Hit Object On/Off Road Hit Parked Vehicle Hit Pedestrian Animal Other Total Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ; admin@brri.org 10

11 Table 5. Motorcyclists Injuries by Other Vehicles involvement in Northern Ghana ( ) Vehicle Involved Killed Serious Slight Total F.I None Car Heavy Goods Veh Bus Motor Cycle Bicycle Other Total Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ; admin@brri.org 11

12 Table 6. Estimates of relative risk of death of motorcyclists in Northern Ghana Category Fatal Non Fatal Injuries Relative Risk (RR) p - value User Status Passenger Driver Gender Female Male Vehicle Type Car Occupant Motorcyclist Road Environment Urban Rural Village Time of Day 6am - 12 noon noon - 6pm pm - 12 midnight midnight- 6am Age < > Unknown Building and Road Research Institute (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ; admin@brri.org 12

13 Strategies for prevention Safety system approach Haddon s matrix approach Traffic safety cycle consideration i

14 The safety system approach Human Vehicle Environment interfaces 3 Es Engineering: i modification of road infrastructure; t street lighting Education and training Enforcement of traffic laws and regulations (Emergency services)

15 The Haddon s Matrix Thecrash events: pre crash crash, crash and post crash events Host vector environment environment interactions

16 The Road Safety Cycle Safety Research Safety Safety Policy Interventions Building and Road Research Institute Monitoring And devaluation (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) P.O.Box UPO 40, Kumasi; Tel: ; Fax: ;

17 The Road Safety Cycle Safety Research Saferroads, roads, safervehicles and road user behaviour Safety intervention Monitoring & Evaluation Safety Policy Passive and Active interventions (air bags, seatbelts, speed humps, etc). Improved roads and vehicles. Before and after studies; Trend analysis; Statistical models & tests. BAC levels; Seatbelt use; Speed controls; Vehicle inspections, etc

18 Conclusion Motorcycle injuries can be prevented in Africa, and in particular in Ghana in West Africa by modifying theroad networks, improving street lighting and enforcing the use of standard crash helmets to ensure the safe movements of motorcyclists

19 Thanks for listening