HAZWOPER. Emergency Response Regulations and Standards. October 2018

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1 HAZWOPER Emergency Response Regulations and Standards October 2018

2 Regulatory Overview- Worker Health & Safety 1970 OSHA Act: First federal law to provide legal health and safety rights to American workers. SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act) required OSHA to develop requirements for health & safety training of hazardous waste workers, CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act- aka Superfund Act) site workers, and emergency responders 29 CFR Regulates H&S of employees as involved in CERCLA Superfund sites, and TSD operations under RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), and in any emergency response to incidents involving hazardous materials. 2

3 Emergency Response Plan 29 CFR (q) Emergency Response to Hazardous Substance Releases (q)(1)an Emergency Response Plan shall be developed, implemented and be in written form to handle anticipated emergencies prior to commencement of emergency response operations. Exemption Clause 29 CFR (b)- An emergency action plan must be in writing, kept in the workplace, and available to employees for review. However, an employer with 10 or fewer employees may communicate the plan orally to employees. 3

4 Regulatory Overview- Worker Health & Safety 29 CFR (q)(6) applies to emergency response personnel. Describes various types of hazardous materials responders: ofirst Responders otechnicians ospecialists oincident Commanders 4

5 First Responder Awareness Level Ability to recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an emergency. Ability to identify the hazardous material if possible. Safe approach, isolate, and deny entry. Realize the need for additional resources and to make appropriate notifications. 5

Respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release.

6 First Responder Operations Level Individuals who respond to potential or actual releases of hazardous substances to protect people, property & environment. Respond in a defensive fashion without actually trying to stop the release. Contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures. 6

Technician Level 1970 OSHA Act, Continued: Industrial Technicians respond to release or potential release of Hazardous materials for the purpose of STOPPING the release.

7 Technician Level 1970 OSHA Act, Continued: Industrial Technicians respond to release or potential release of Hazardous materials for the purpose of STOPPING the release. Aggressive role vs. FROs (First Responder Operations level) Approach point of release in order to plug, patch, or otherwise stop the release of a Hazardous Substance. 7

8 Technician Level, cont. Industrial Technicians must demonstrate the following competencies: Know how to implement employer s Emergency Response Plan Know the Classification, Identification & verification of known & unknown materials by using field survey instruments & equipment Function within an assigned role in the ICS Know how to select & use proper/specialized chemical PPE Understand hazard & risk assessment techniques 8

9 Technician Level, cont. Industrial Technicians must show the following competencies, continued: Perform advanced control, containment, &/or confinement operations & rescue injured or contaminated persons within the capabilities of the resources & PPE available within the facility Understand & implement equipment, victim, & rescue personnel & decontamination procedures Understanding of termination procedures, and Understand basic chemical & toxicological behavior. 9

10 Hazardous Materials Specialist Hazardous materials specialist. Hazardous materials specialists are individuals who respond with and provide support to hazardous materials technicians. Their duties parallel those of the hazardous materials technician, however, those duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain. The hazardous materials specialist would also act as the site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards to site activities. Hazardous materials specialists shall have received at least 24 hours of training equal to the technician level. 10

11 On-scene Incident Commander Incident commanders, who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder awareness level, shall receive at least 24 hours of training equal to the first responder operations level and the following Know and be able to implement the employer's incident command system. Know how to implement the employer's emergency response plan. Know and understand the hazards and risks associated with employees working in chemical protective clothing. 11

12 On-scene Incident Commander Know how to implement the local emergency response plan. Know of the state emergency response plan and of the Federal Regional Response Team. Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedures. 12

13 Refresher Training Annual refresher training of sufficient content and duration to maintain competencies, or shall demonstrate in those areas at least yearly. 13

14 Post Emergency Response Operations Upon completion of an emergency response, if it is determined necessary to remove hazardous substances, health hazards and materials contaminated with them from the site, the employer conducting the site shall comply with one of the following: 14

15 Post Emergency Response Operations, Cont. Upon completion of an emergency response, Meet all the requirements of b-o of 29 CFR , or Clean-up work is done by plant workers on plant property, such employees shall have training in: 29 CFR (a) (EAP), 29 CFR (RESP PROT) 29 CFR (HAZCOM) 15

16 Additional Regulations Other Regulations Pertaining to Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response: RCRA* TSCA* CERCLA* SARA* Local Building & Fire Codes* * Designed to protect workers, Public & Community 16

17 Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA) Established in 1976 Created Cradle-to-Grave tracking of chemicals Established permit systems for treatment, storage & disposal facilities (TSD s) Requires contingency plans for TSD s 17

18 Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Established in 1976 Purpose is to controls entry of toxic substance into the environment Allows EPA to place restrictions on the production, distribution, use & disposal of all chemical in commercial production 18

19 CERCLA Comprehensive, Environmental Response, Compensation & Liability Act (CERCLA) Established in 1980 Created a $1.6 Billion fund (Superfund) Provides funding for the containment and cleanup of existing hazardous waste problems & abandoned sites Creates notification system for spills 19

20 SARA Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (SARA) Established in 1986, expansion of CERCLA Created Community Right-To-Know List of Chemicals SDS s Quantity on site Where Chemicals are Located and Hazards Plot Plan Hazards list Facility/Community Emergency Plans Facility contact Local emergency planning committee Response form Reporting of Chemical Releases Thresholds 20

21 HAZWOPER BASIC CHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY October 2018

22 Toxicology Toxicology and Industrial Hygiene Toxicology is the study of the harmful side effects chemicals have on living organisms. Industrial Hygienists evaluate and measure employee exposures to hazards including: chemicals, noise, radiation and heat. 22

23 Toxicology Important Terms Toxicity - The ability of a chemical to cause harmful effects or injury to a living organism. Dose-Response* - The relationship between the amount (dose) of chemical an individual is exposed to and the degree of toxic response observed. *The key to understanding the toxicity of any chemical 23

24 Toxicology Important Terms (cont) LD 50 (Lethal Dose - 50% Kill) - the dose (amount) of material that kills 50% of the treated population. The dose can be ingested, injected or applied to the skin. LC 50 (Lethal Concentration - 50% Kill) - similar to LD 50 but refers to the concentration of inhaled material that kills 50% of the treated population. Concentration is usually expressed as parts per million (ppm) or mg/m 3 of the inhaled material. 24

25 Toxicology Routes of Exposure Skin and eye contact - common route of exposure, easily prevented. Inhalation - common route of exposure, most often route involved in fatalities (e.g., hydrogen sulfide). Ingestion - not a common route, occurs most often where poor personal hygiene practices are present (smoking or eating while around chemicals). Injection - least likely route, but of importance in situations where medical waste is present (syringes), or skin is punctured due to stepping on or falling on an object. 25

26 Toxicology Acute and Chronic Exposure Acute Exposure - a single large exposure to a chemical causing a harmful effect. Acute Health Effect - lasts minutes, hours or even days and can cause serious and/or permanent injury. Chronic Exposure - exposure to a low concentration of chemical that does not cause any noticeable acute effects, but over the course of months or years of exposure leads to chronic health effects (e.g., asbestos, mercury) Chronic Health Effect - can result from either an acute or chronic exposure and persists for months or years. Local Effects - occur at the site of first contact (irritations). 26

27 Toxicology Workplace Exposure Limits Occupational exposure guidelines which are set based on threshold studies (animal studies, human experience). Occupational airborne exposure limits are expressed as ppm, or mg/m 3. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) - Mandated by OSHA and is the maximum level considered safe for 95% of healthy adults over an eight-hour workday and 40-hour workweek. 27

28 Toxicology Workplace Exposure Limits (cont) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) - set by ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) and defined as the airborne concentration of a substance that represents conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be exposed day after day without adverse effects. There are two cases of TLV: 1. STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit) a. Maximum exposure not to exceed 15 minutes; b. Exposure not to be repeated more than 4 times daily; and c. Minimum of 60 minutes rest between each exposure 2. TLV-C - Ceiling - the exposure level must not be exceeded even briefly! 28

29 Toxicology IDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible adverse health effects, or would impair an individual s ability to escape from the dangerous atmosphere unaided. 29

30 Toxicology Toxic Health Hazards There are six types of toxic health hazards: 1. Irritants 2. Corrosives 3. Allergens (sensitizers) 4. Asphyxiants 5. Organ system toxins (including Reproductive System and Developmental Toxins) 6. Carcinogens and Mutagens 30

31 Toxicology Toxic Health Hazards (cont) 1. Irritants - chemicals which aggravate tissues they contact, such as: the eyes, skin, nose, mouth. 2. Corrosives - corrosivity is determined by amount of irreversible destruction of tissue at the point of contact and exposure time required to cause the effect. The EPA, DOT, OSHA and others have different definitions. 3. Allergens (sensitizers) - chemicals that cause an allergic reaction. 31

32 Toxicology Toxic Health Hazards (cont) 4. Asphyxiants - chemicals that interfere with oxygenation of the tissues by blood. 5. Organic/Systemic toxins Neurotoxins - chemicals that affect the nervous system Hemotoxins - agents that affect the blood systems, including: bone marrow, white and red blood cells and platelets. Hepatotoxins - agents that can affect the liver either acutely or chronically. Nephrotoxins - chemicals which affect the renal system and kidney function. 32

33 Toxicology Toxic Health Hazards (cont) Organic/Systemic toxins (cont) Pulmonary toxins - chemicals that produce acute or chronic diseases of the lungs. Other organ systems - some chemicals may affect the heart and the immune systems. Reproductive system and developmental toxins - chemicals which may interfere with the reproduction system or the development of a fetus. 6. Carcinogens and Mutagens - chemicals or organic compounds which can cause cancer are call carcinogens. Mutagens are chemicals or organic compounds affecting heredity. 33

34 Toxicology Sources of additional information Safety Data Sheets (SDSs). Emergency Response Guides CHRIS (Chemical Hazards Response Information System) NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials (Sax) Emergency Response Guidebook for Hazardous Materials (DOT-ERG) Emergency Response Telephone Hotlines CHEMTREC at (800)

35 HAZWOPER HAZARD COMMUNICATION October 2018

36 Hazard Communication Standard The Hazard Communication Standard is based on a simple concept that employees have both a need and a right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals they are exposed to when working. 36

37 HCS-One difference in this rule! o This is different than many other rules in that it is performance-oriented. o This means you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to the needs of your workplace. o It also means you can exercise more judgment to implement an effective program. 37

38 Hazard Communication Standard There are six basic requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard: 1. Hazard Evaluation 2. Labeling 3. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) 4. Lists of Hazardous Chemicals 5. Written Hazard Communication Program 6. Employee Information & Training 38

39 Hazard Evaluation What is the purpose of the hazard evaluation? A hazard evaluation of chemicals is performed by manufacturers or importers of chemical to determine whether they pose a physical hazard or health hazard. 39

40 Hazard Evaluation What is a physical hazard? A hazard that acts outside the body to produce a dangerous situation. 40

41 Hazard Evaluation What is a health hazard? A health hazard means a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health may occur in exposed employees. 41

42 Labeling What is the purpose of a chemical manufacturer s label? The chemical manufacturer's warning labels on incoming containers are used to convey the hazardous warning if the chemical is used directly from the container: 42

43 Labeling What basic information can be found on these manufacturers warning labels? The name and address of the manufacture; The identity (Name) of the hazardous material; and All hazard warnings appropriate for employee protection. 43

44 Labeling 44

45 Container Labeling What special procedures apply to the labeling of portable containers? Labeling the containers for your immediate use isn t required. However, if the container is being shared or used longer than your shift, it must be labeled. Only manufacturers or an in-house labels are permissible. Hand written identification is not permitted! 45

46 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) What is the document used by the manufacturer to record all the details about a particular chemical? A Safety Data Sheet or SDS is developed by the chemical manufacturer or importer to record the detailed information from the hazard evaluation. 46

47 SDS Content The SDS has more information than the manufactures label. SDSs must be available for every chemical in the work place. 47

48 SDS Content I. Manufacturer s Information II. Hazardous ingredients III. Physical/chemical characteristics IV. Fire & explosion data V. Reactivity data VI. Health hazard data VII. Precautions for safe handling & use VIII. Control measures 48

49 Hazard Communication Program 29 CFR (e)(1) Employers shall develop, implement, and maintain at each workplace, a written hazard communication program 1. Contains details of your company s written Hazard Communication Program, including: - Labeling - Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - How to obtain an SDS 49

50 Hazard Communication Program 2. The physical and health hazards of the potentially hazardous chemicals in the work area. 3. The methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a potentially hazardous chemicals in your work area. 50

51 Hazard Communication Program 4. The measures you can take to protect yourself from the potential hazards. 5. Specific procedures your company has implemented to protect you from exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals. 51

52 Compliance Checklist The following checklist will help to ensure you are in compliance with the rule: Obtained a copy of the rule. Read and understood the requirements. responsibility for tasks. Prepared an inventory of chemicals. Ensured containers are labeled. Obtained SDS for each chemical. Prepared written program. Made SDSs available to workers. Conducted training of workers. Established procedures to maintain current program. Established procedures to evaluate effectiveness. 52

53 HCS Labeling Audit What will OSHA look for if they audit your facility? Designation of person(s) responsible for labeling in house containers. Designation of person(s) responsible for labeling of any shipped containers. Description of labeling system used. Description of written alternatives to labeling Procedures used to review and update labels 53

54 HAZWOPER Incident Command System October 2018

55 What Is ICS? The Incident Command System: Is a standardized, on-scene, all-hazard incident management concept. Allows its users to adopt an integrated organizational structure to match the complexities and demands of single or multiple incidents without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries. 55

56 ICS Purposes Using management best practices, ICS helps to ensure: The safety of responders and others. The achievement of tactical objectives. The efficient use of resources. 56

57 Homeland Security Presidential Directives HSPD-5 Management of Domestic Incidents HSPD-8 National Preparedness Mandates National Incident Management System (NIMS) 57

58 NIMS What?... NIMS provides a consistent nationwide template... Who?... to enable Federal, State, tribal, and local governments, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations to work together... How?... to prepare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity... Why?... in order to reduce the loss of life and 58 property, and harm to the environment.

59 NIMS Components & ICS Preparedness Communications and Information Management Resource Management Command and Management Incident Command System Multiagency Coordination Systems Ongoing Management and Maintenance Public Information 59

60 Components Provide the basis for an effective ICS Common terminology Communications Organization Management by Objectives Incident Action Plan 60

61 Common Terminology Organizational Functions Position titles Incident Commander Operations Section Chief Resource descriptions Personnel Equipment Incident Facilities On-Scene Command Post 61

62 Communications Use a common communication plan. Coordinate through the Incident Commander. Avoid codes and acronyms Confine to essential messages. 62

63 ICS Organizational Components Incident Commander Public Information Officer Liaison Officer Safety Officer Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance/Admin. Section Branches Air Ops Branch Resources Unit Demob. Unit Service Branch Support Branch Time Unit Procurement Unit Compensation Claims Unit Cost Unit Divisions Groups Situation Unit Doc. Unit Commun. Unit Supply Unit Strike Team Task Force Single Resource Medical Unit Food Unit Facilities Unit Ground Support Unit 63

64 Management by Objectives ICS is management by objectives. Objectives are communicated throughout the entire ICS organization through the incident planning process. 64

If there are more than 7, another layer is needed.

65 ICS Management: Span of Control ICS span of control for any supervisor: Is between 3 and 7 subordinates. If there are more than 7, another layer is needed. If there are fewer than 3, the structure is too top heavy. Optimally does not exceed 5 subordinates. 65

66 ICS Organizational Components The ICS organization builds from the top down, except for Operations. Divisions Strike Team Task Force Single Resource Operations Section Branches Groups Air Ops Branch Operations builds from the bottom up and can start as small as a 66 single resource.

Incident Action Plan Every incident must have an Incident Action Plan (IAP) that: Established by the Incident Commander. Specifies the incident objectives.

67 Incident Action Plan Every incident must have an Incident Action Plan (IAP) that: Established by the Incident Commander. Specifies the incident objectives. States the activities to be completed. Covers a specified timeframe, called an operational period. Strategic determinations will be made from the plan. May be oral or written depending on the size/scale of the incident. 67

68 Functional Responsibilities Function Command Operations Planning Logistics Responsibility Overall responsibility Direct tactical action Prepare action plan - maintain resource & situation status Provide support Finance/Administration Cost accounting & Procurements 68

69 Command & General Staff The Incident Commander performs all major ICS command and staff responsibilities unless these functions are activated. Incident Commander Public Information Officer General Staff Liaison Officer Safety Officer Command Staff Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance/Admin Section 69

70 Unified Command Enables all agencies with responsibility to manage an incident together by establishing a common set of incident objectives and strategies. Allows Incident Commanders to make joint decisions by establishing a single command structure. Maintains unity of command. Each employee reports to only one supervisor. 70

71 Single vs. Unified Command SINGLE COMMAND Incident is within facility or response area. Little outside resource assistance. No overlap of jurisdictional boundaries. UNIFIED COMMAND Incident is within multiple jurisdictions. Multiple agencies share management responsibility OR Outside resources are used which represent several agencies. 71

72 Summary ICS: Is a standardized management tool for meeting the demands of small or large emergency or non-emergency situations. Represents "best practices," and has become the standard for emergency management across the country. May be used for planned events, natural disasters, and acts of terrorism. Is a key feature of NIMS. 72

Hazardous Waste Operations / Emergency Response HAZWOPER Hazardous waste operations and emergency response

Clearheart Construction Co., Inc. Hazardous Waste Operations / Emergency Response HAZWOPER Hazardous waste operations and emergency response. 1910.120 HAZWOPER is an acronym for: Hazardous waste operations