FAMILY Scombridae Rafinesque, tunas, mackerels, kingfish

Transcription

1 FAMILY Scombridae Rafinesque, tunas, mackerels, kingfish SUBFAMILY Gasterochismatinae Poey, butterfly kingfishes [=Gastrochismatida] Notes: Gastrochismatida Poey, 1869:207 [ref ] (subfamily) Gasterochisma [Gastrochisma inferred from the stem, Article ; name must be corrected Article ; stem corrected to Gasterochismat- by Whitley 1957:68 [ref. 4727], confirmed by Nelson 1976:285 [ref ] and by Nelson 2006:433 [ref ]; Gill 1893b:134 [ref ] used Gasteroschisminae] GENUS Gasterochisma Richardson, butterfly kingfishes [=Gasterochisma Richardson [J.], 1845:346, Chenogaster Lahille [F.], 1903:375, Lepidothynnus Günther [A.], 1889:15] Notes: [ref. 3741]. Neut. Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, Type by monotypy. Misspelled Gasteroschisma by Jordan 1919:227 [ref. 2410] and 1923:179 [ref. 2421]. The generic spelling in the combination Gastrochisma boulengeri Lahille, 1913 is a misspelling. Valid as Gasterochisma Richardson, (Scott 1981:134 [ref. 5533], Collette & Nauen 1983:37 [ref. 5375], Kohno 1984 [ref. 5796], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Collette 1986:833 [ref. 5647], Johnson 1986:37 [ref. 5676], Gomon et al. 1994:821 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:5 [ref ], Collette 2003:4 [ref ], Collette 2003:4 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1771 [ref ], Gomon 2008:784 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Gasterochisma Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. (Chenogaster) [ref. 2711]. Fem. Chenogaster holmbergi Lahille, Type by monotypy. Synonym of Gasterochisma Richardson, (Collette 2003:4 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Gasterochisma Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. (Lepidothynnus) [ref. 2017]. Masc. Lepidothynnus huttonii Günther, Type by monotypy. Synonym of Gasterochisma Richardson, (Scott 1981:134 [ref. 5533], Collette 2003:4 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Gasterochisma Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. Species Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, butterfly kingfishes [=Gasterochisma melampus Richardson [J.], 1845:346, Gastrochisma boulengeri Lahille [F.], 1913:7, Pls. 3-4, Chenogaster holmbergi Lahille [F.], 1903:375, Lepidothynnus huttonii Günther [A.], 1889:15, Pl. 6 (figs. A-A')]

2 Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 15 (no. 99); ref. 3741] Port Nicholson, New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in Southern Ocean temperate waters, mostly between 30 and 50 S; waifs in northern Pacific. (boulengeri) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 24; ref. 2712] Mar de la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. (holmbergi) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires (Serie 3) v. 2; ref. 2711] Montevideo, Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. (huttonii) [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 31 (pt 78); ref. 2017] Shore of Lyttelton Harbor, New Zealand. Current status: Synonym of Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, Scombridae: Gasterochismatinae. Habitat: marine ****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Scombrinae Rafinesque, tunas, mackerels [=Atractosomes, Scomberini, Scomberia, Fusiformes, Microleptes, Orycninae, Sardinae, Acanthocybiinae, Scomberomorinae, Thunninae, Cybiidae, Katsuwonidae, Rastrelligerinae, Auxidini, Thinninae, Grammatorcynini] Notes: Atractosomes Duméril, 1805:124 [ref. 1151] (family)? Scomber [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article ] Scomberini Rafinesque, 1810b:19 [ref. 3595] (ordine) Scomber [published not in latinized form before 1900; not available, Article ] Scomberia Rafinesque, 1815:84 [ref. 3584] (subfamily) Scomber [stem corrected to Scombr- by Bonaparte 1835:[21] [ref ], confirmed by Günther 1860:354 [ref. 1963] and Gill 1872:8 [ref ]; Richardson 1846:320 [ref. 3742] used Scombrisidae] Fusiformes Jarocki, 1822:133, 150 [ref. 4984] (family)? Scomber [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article ] Microleptes Swainson, 1838:35 [ref. 4302] ( typical tribe of, no family-group name] Thynninae Swainson, 1839:174, 238 [ref. 4303] (subfamily) Thynnus Cuvier [invalid, Article 39] Orycninae Gill, 1861a:35 [ref. 1766] (subfamily) Orcynus [as Orycnus, name must be corrected Article ; stem corrected to Orcyn- by Gill 1862o:329 [ref ], confirmed by Poey 1867:207 [ref ] and by Gill 1873:787 [ref ]] Sardinae Gill, 1893b:133 [ref ] (subfamily) Sarda [genus inferred from the stem, Article ] Acanthocybiinae Jordan & Evermann, 1896a:865 [ref. 2443] (subfamily) Acanthocybium

3 Scomberomorinae Starks, 1910:80 [ref ] (subfamily) Scomberomorus Thunninae Starks, 1910:80 [ref ] (subfamily) Thunnus Cybiidae Kishinouye, 1915:[3] [ref ] (family) Cybium [family name sometimes seen as Cibiidae] Katsuwonidae Kishinouye, 1917:[2] [ref ] (family) Katsuwonus Rastrelligerinae Jordan & Hubbs, 1925:210 [ref. 2486] (subfamily) Rastrelliger Auxidini Berg, 1940:492 [ref. 5049] (subfamily) Auxis [stem changed to Aux- by Fowler 1951b:4 [ref.31928]; stem changed to Auxi- by Matsubara 1955:645 [ref ]; original stem Auxid- confirmed by Sheiko 2013:128 [ref ]] Thinninae Whitley, 1955a:52 [ref. 4724] (subfamily) Thinnus [on p. 51 as Thinnidae; invalid, Article 39 ICZN Opinion 809] Grammatorcynini Johnson, 1986:7, 39 [ref. 5676] (tribe) Grammatorcynus GENUS Acanthocybium Gill, wahoos [=Acanthocybium Gill [T. N.], 1862:125] Notes: [ref. 1659]. Neut. Cybium sara Lay & Bennett, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Valid as Acanthocybium Gill, (Postel 1973:474 [ref. 7208], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:291 [ref. 7348], Collette & Nauen 1983:25 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:982 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:225 [ref. 6441], Collette 1986:832 [ref. 5647], Johnson 1986:34 [ref. 5676], Collette et al. 2001:9 [ref ], Collette 2001:3723 [ref ], Fierstine & Monsch 2002:145 [ref ], Collette 2003:1837 [ref ], Collette 2003:2 [ref ], Parin 2003:S28 [ref ], Collette et al. 2006:463 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1768 [ref ], Parin et al. 2014:510 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Acanthocybium Gill, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832) - wahoo [=Cybium solandri Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:192, Scomber amarui Curtiss [A.], 1938:58, Acanthocybium forbesi Seale [A.], 1912:283, Pl. 1, Cybium petus Poey [F.], 1860:234, Pl. 16 (fig. 1), Cybium sara Lay [G. T.] & Bennett [E. T.], 1839:63, Pl. 20 (fig. 2), Cybium verany Döderlein [P.], 1872:126, Pl. 4 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] No locality stated.

4 Current status: Valid as Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Almost circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas, including, Hawaiian Islands, straying to Mediterranean Sea. (amarui) [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref ] Open sea off Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (forbesi) [The Philippine Journal of Science, Section D v. 7 (no. 4); ref ] Leyte coast, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (petus) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (sara) [The zoology of Captain Beechey's voyage; ref. 2730] Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (verany) [Giornale di scienze naturali ed economiche, Palermo.. v. 8 (pt 1); ref ] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Allothunnus Serventy, tunas [=Allothunnus Serventy [D. L.], 1948:132] Notes: [ref. 4008]. Masc. Allothunnus fallai Serventy, Type by monotypy. Valid as Allothunnus Serventy, (Collette & Nauen 1983:26 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Collette 1986:832 [ref. 5647], Collette et al. 2001:12 [ref ], Collette 2001:3724 [ref ], Collette 2003:2 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1769 [ref ], Gomon 2008:783 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Allothunnus Serventy, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Allothunnus fallai Serventy, slender tuna [=Allothunnus fallai Serventy [D. L.], 1948:132, Pls ] Notes: [Records of the Canterbury Museum v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 4008] Timaru, South Island, New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Allothunnus fallai Serventy, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal.

5 GENUS Auxis Cuvier, frigate tunas [=Auxis Cuvier [G.], 1829:199] Notes: [ref. 995]. Fem. Scomber rochei Risso, Type by monotypy. Scomber bisus Rafinesque apparently treated as a synonym of rochei, therefore type by monotypy; type also designated by Gill 1862:125 [ref. 1659]. Valid as Auxis Cuvier, (Postel 1973:470 [ref. 7208], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:280 [ref. 7348], Collette & Nauen 1983:27 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:225 [ref. 6441], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:983 [ref ], Collette 1986:832 [ref. 5647], Gomon et al. 1994:820 [ref ], Collette & Aadland 1996:425 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:12 [ref ], Collette 2001:3724 [ref ], Collette 2003:1838 [ref ], Collette 2003:2 [ref ], Parin 2003:S28 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1769 [ref ], Gomon 2008:783 [ref ], Parin et al. 2014:511 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Auxis Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Auxis brachydorax Collette & Aadland, Collette's tuna [=Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette [B. B.] & Aadland [C. R.], 1996:434, Fig. 9B] Notes: [Fishery Bulletin v. 94 (no. 3); ref ] Eastern Pacific, Olympia, 7 51'N, 99 51'W. Current status: Valid as Auxis brachydorax Collette & Aadland, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific (subspecies brachydorax). Species Auxis eudorax Collette & Asdland, bullet tuna [=Auxis rochei eudorax Collette [B. B.] & Aadland [C. R.], 1996:438, Fig. 13C] Notes: [Fishery Bulletin v. 94 (no. 3); ref ] Twenty-three Fathom Bank, California, U.S.A. [eastern Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Auxis eudorax Collette & Aadland, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Species Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) - bullet tuna

6 [=Scomber rochei Risso [A.], 1810:165, Scomber bisus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:45, Pl. 2 (fig. 1), Auxis maru Kishinouye [K.], 1915:24 [14], Pl. 1 (Fig. 19), Auxis ramsayi Castelnau [F. L.], 1879:382, Thynnus rocheanus Risso [A.], 1827:417, Auxis thynnoides Bleeker [P.], 1855:301, Auxis vulgaris Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:139, Pl. 216] Notes: [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Cosmopolitan in tropical through temperate seas (including western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Hawaiian Islands), but except eastern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (bisus) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicilia [Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea]. Current status: Synonym of Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (maru) [Suisan Gakkai Ho v. 1 (no. 1); ref ] Japanese and Chinese seas. Current status: Synonym of Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (ramsayi) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 764] Sydney market, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (rocheanus) [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (thynnoides) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8; ref ] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (vulgaris) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Auxis thazard (Lacepede, 1800) - frigate tuna [=Scomber thazard Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson), 1800:599, Auxis hira Kishinouye [K.], 1915:23 [13], Pl. 1 (fig. 16), Auxis tapeinosoma Bleeker [P.], 1854:408, Scomber taso Cuvier [G.] (ex Commerson), in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:146] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Kampung Loleba, Wasile District, Halmahera Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia [Teluk Kaoe/Gulf of Kaoe, Halmahera Sea, western Pacific], 0 58'N, 'E.

7 Current status: Valid as Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas, including Red Sea and Hawaiian Islands, but not the eastern Pacific. (hira) [Suisan Gakkai Ho v. 1 (no. 1); ref ] Japanese and Chinese Seas. Current status: Synonym of Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (tapeinosoma) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref ] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (taso) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Near coasts of New Guinea at 6-7 S, western Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Cybiosarda Whitley, bonitos [=Cybiosarda (subgenus of Scomberomorus) Whitley [G. P.], 1935:236] Notes: [ref. 4683]. Fem. Scomberomorus (Cybiosarda) elegans Whitley, Type by monotypy. Valid as Cybiosarda Whitley, 1935 (Collette & Nauen 1983:31 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:10 [ref ], Collette 2001:3724 [ref ], Collette 2003:3 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1770 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Cybiosarda Whitley, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Cybiosarda elegans (Whitley, 1935) - leaping bonito [=Scomberomorus (Cybiosarda) elegans Whitley [G. P.], 1935:236] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 4683] Goat Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Cybiosarda elegans (Whitley, 1935). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Australia and southern coast of Papua New Guinea. GENUS Euthynnus Lutken, in Jordan & Gilbert, tunas [=Euthynnus Lütken [C. F.], in Jordan & Gilbert, 1883:429, Thynnichthys Giglioli [E. H.], 1880:25, Wanderer Whitley [G. P.], 1937:229] Notes: [ref. 2476]. Masc. Thynnus thunina Cuvier, Type by original designation. Apparently not technically a replacement name. Type species

8 given as thunnina [sic] by several early authors -- see Collette 2003:4 [ref ]. Valid as Euthynnus Lütken, (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:277 [ref. 7348], Collette & Nauen 1983:32 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:226 [ref. 6441], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:984 [ref ], Collette 1986:833 [ref. 5647], Collette et al. 2001:14 [ref ], Collette 2001:3725 [ref ], Collette 2003:1839 [ref ], Collette 2003:3 [ref ], Parin 2003:S28 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1770 [ref ] dated 1882, Parin et al. 2014:511 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Euthynnus Lütken, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Thynnichthys) [ref. 1617]. Masc. Thynnus thunina Cuvier, Type by subsequent designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Thynnichthys Bleeker, 1860 in fishes, replaced by Wanderer Whitley, 1937 (see also Appendix A in Eschmeyer 1990 [ref ]). Type-species designated by Dresslar & Fesler 1889:435 [ref ]. In the synonymy of Euthynnus Lütken, (Postel 1973:470 [ref. 7208], Collette 2003:3 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus Lütken, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Wanderer) [ref. 4690]. Masc. Thynnus thunina Cuvier, Type by being a replacement name. If regarded as a replacement [which we do] for Thynnichthys Giglioli, 1880 (preoccupied by Thynnichthys Bleeker, 1860 in fishes), then type is as above. Whitley named the type as Wanderer wallisi Whitley and that is type if regarded as a new genus; see Appendix A in Eschmeyer 1990 [ref ]. Synonym of Euthynnus Lütken, (Collette 2003:3 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus Lütken, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) - mackerel tuna [=Thynnus affinis Cantor [T. E.], 1849:1088 [106], Wanderer wallisi Whitley [G. P.], 1937:230, Pl. 14 (fig. 3), Euthynnus yaito Kishinouye [K.], 1915:22 [13], Pl. 1 (fig. 15)] Notes: [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Malacca Strait, eastern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. (wallisi) [Australian Zoologist v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 4690] Sydney fish market, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849). Scombridae: Scombrinae.

9 (yaito) [Suisan Gakkai Ho v. 1 (no. 1); ref ] "Southern waters" of Japan (not in the Japan Sea). Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) - little tunny [=Scomber alletteratus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:46, Pl. 2 (fig. 3), Euthynnus alletteratus aurolitoralis Fraser-Brunner [A.], 1949:626, Fig. 2b, Thynnus brasiliensis Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:110, Thynnus brevipinnis Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:112, Pl. 213, Thynnus leachianus Risso [A.], 1827:416, Scomber quadripunctatus Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.], 1817:no page number, Pl. 24 (fig. 5), Thynnus thunina Cuvier [G.], 1829:198] Notes: [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] [Palermo] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, tropical and subtropical Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. (aurolitoralis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 2 (no. 20) (art. 50); ref ] Accra, Ghana. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brasiliensis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brevipinnis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Nice, Département des Alpes-Maritimes, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (leachianus) [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (quadripunctatus) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

10 (thunina) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, black skipjack [=Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye [K.], 1920:113] Notes: [Suisan Gakkai Ho v. 3 (no. 2); ref ] Manzanillo, Mexico [eastern Pacific]. Current status: Valid as Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: San Simeon, California (U.S.A.) to northern Peru and the Galápagos Islands; waifs in Hawaiian Islands (Central Pacific). GENUS Grammatorcynus Gill, Spanish mackerels [=Grammatorcynus Gill [T. N.], 1862:125, Nesogrammus Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.], 1907:61] Notes: [ref. 1659]. Masc. Thynnus bilineatus Rüppell, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Originally spelled Grammatorycnus, which was regarded as a misspelling and corrected to Grammatorcynus by authors [but perhaps incorrectly so based on Art. 32.3]; suffix apparently based on Orcynus of Cuvier, wrongly cited by Gill as Orycnus. We suggest maintaining current usage as Grammatorcynus; see Collette 2003:5 [ref ]. Valid as Grammatorcynus Gill, (Collette 1983 [ref. 5220], Collette & Nauen 1983:38 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Collette & Russo 1985 [ref. 5221], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:224 [ref. 6441], Collette & Gillis 1992 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:7 [ref ], Collette 2001:3723 [ref ], Collette 2003:5 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1771 [ref ] as Grammatorcynus, Hata et al. 2011:67 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Grammatorcynus Gill, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Nesogrammus) [ref. 1285]. Masc. Nesogrammus piersoni Evermann & Seale, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Synonym of Grammatorcynus Gill, (Collette & Gillis 1992 [ref ], Collette 2003:5 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Grammatorcynus Gill, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) - shark mackerel [=Thynnus bicarinatus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.], 1825:357, Pl. 61 (fig. 1)]

11 Notes: [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Shark Bay, Western Australia. Current status: Valid as Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia to Gulf of Papua, Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Species Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Ruppell, 1836) - doublelined mackerel [=Thynnus bilineatus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1836:39, Pl. 12 (fig. 2), Nesogrammus piersoni Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.], 1907:61, Fig. 3] Notes: [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden east to Kagoshima (Japan), Marshall Islands, Tonga and Samoa, south to Scott Reef (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. (piersoni) [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] Bulan, Sorsogon Province, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Gymnosarda Gill, tunas [=Gymnosarda Gill [T. N.], 1862:125] Notes: [ref. 1659]. Fem. Thynnus (Pelamis) unicolor Rüppell, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Valid as Gymnosarda Gill, (Collette & Nauen 1983:40 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:225 [ref. 6441], Collette 1986:833 [ref. 5647], Collette et al. 2001:11 [ref ], Collette 2001:3724 [ref ], Collette 2003:5 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1772 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Gymnosarda Gill, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Gymnosarda unicolor (Ruppell, 1836) - dogtooth tuna [=Thynnus (Pelamis) unicolor Rüppell [W. P. E. S.], 1836:40, Pl. 12 (fig. 1), Pelamys nuda Günther [A.], 1860:368, Scomber vau Curtiss [A.], 1938:57]

12 Notes: [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Comores and Mascarenes east to French Polynesia, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa. (nuda) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (vau) [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref ] Ocean outside reef, off Tautira, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Katsuwonus Kishinouye, tunas [=Katsuwonus Kishinouye [K.], 1915:21] Notes: [ref ]. Masc. Scomber pelamis Linnaeus, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Appeared first in Japanese as cited in Kishinouye 1923 [1915 reference not examined]; in English in 1923 [ref. 2609]. Valid as Katsuwonus Kishinouye, (Postel 1973:471 [ref. 7208], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:279 [ref. 7348], Collette & Nauen 1983:42 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:226 [ref. 6441], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:986 [ref ], Collette 1986:834 [ref. 5647], Gomon et al. 1994:822 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:15 [ref ], Collette 2001:3725 [ref ], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:805 [ref ], Collette 2003:1839 [ref ], Collette 2003:5 [ref ], Parin 2003:S28 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1772 [ref ], Gomon 2008:785 [ref ], Parin et al. 2014:512 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Katsuwonus Kishinouye, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) - skipjack tuna [=Scomber pelamis Linnaeus [C.], 1758:297, Scomber pelamides Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1801:14, Thynnus vagans Lesson [R. P.], 1829:279] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Pelagic, between the tropics. Current status: Valid as Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas, including Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea.

13 (pelamides) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 3; ref. 2710] Pacific and Atlantics. Current status: Synonym of Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (vagans) [Dictionnaire Classique de Histoire Naturelle v ; ref ] Tahiti, Society Islands. Current status: Synonym of Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Orcynopsis Gill, plain bonitos [=Orcynopsis Gill [T. N.], 1862:125, Pelamichthys Giglioli [E. H.], 1880:25] Notes: [ref. 1659]. Fem. Scomber unicolor Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Regarded as misspelled Orycnopsis in original description, based on Orcynus Cuvier, which Gill spelled as Orycnus. But Gill used the spelling Orycnus and the suffix orycnus in other genera, so it probably cannot be regarded as a misspelling, and these Gill's names would need to be submitted to the ICZN to conserve spelling as "orcy". Valid as Orcynopsis Gill, (Postel 1973:474 [ref. 7208], Collette & Chao 1975:591 [ref. 5573], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:987 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:10 [ref ], Collette 2003:6 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Orcynopsis Gill, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Pelamichthys) [ref. 1617]. Masc. Scomber unicolor Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Type by original designation (also monotypic). Objective synonym of Orcynopsis Gill, (Postel 1973:474 [ref. 7208], Collette & Chao 1975:592 [ref. 5573], Collette 2003:6 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Orcynopsis Gill, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) - plain bonito [=Scomber unicolor Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.], 1817:no page number, Pl. 24 (fig. 6), Cybium altipinne Guichenot [A.], in Duméril, 1861:260, Cybium bonapartii Verany [J. B.], 1847:493, Thynnus peregrinus Collett [R.], 1879:20, Pl. 1] Notes: [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: southern Norway to Senegal.

14 (altipinne) [Archives du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 10 [for 1858]; ref. 1149] Goreé, Senegal, West Africa. Current status: Synonym of Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (bonapartii) [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano No. 8; ref ] [Genova] Genoa, Italy, Gulf of Genoa, Ligurian Sea, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (peregrinus) [Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania (for 1879) No. 1; ref ] Oslo, Norway. Current status: Synonym of Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Rastrelliger Jordan & Starks, in Jordan & Dickerson, mackerels [=Rastrelliger Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], in Jordan & Dickerson, 1908:607] Notes: [ref. 2438]. Masc. Scomber brachysoma Bleeker, Type by original designation. Valid as Rastrelliger Jordan & Starks, (Collette & Nauen 1983:46 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:224 [ref. 6441], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:988 [ref ], Collette 1986:834 [ref. 5647], Collette et al. 2001:5 [ref ], Collette 2001:3722 [ref ], Collette 2003:6 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1773 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Rastrelliger Jordan & Starks, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851) - short mackerel [=Scomber brachysoma Bleeker [P.], 1851:356, Scomber neglectus van Kampen [P. N.], 1907:7, Pl.] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1; ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Sea east to Fiji. (neglectus) [Bulletin de Départment de l'agriculture aux Indies néerlandaises v. 8; ref ] Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, island mackerel [=Rastrelliger faughni Matsui [T.], 1967:74, Figs. 1, 5,

15 Auxis pelei Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.], 1834:opp. 182, Pl. 64 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Copeia 1967 (no. 1); ref. 7974] Oyster Inlet, Ulugan Bay, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Central Indo-West Pacific from India east to Fiji. (pelei) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) - Indian mackerel [=Scomber kanagurta Cuvier [G.] 1816:313, Scomber canagurta Cuvier [G.] 1829:197, Scomber chrysozonus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1836:37, Pl. 11 (fig. 1), Scomber delphinalis Cuvier [G.] (ex Commerson) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:53, Scomber lepturus Agassiz [L.] 1874:no page number, Pl. 2, Scomber loo Lesson [R. P.] 1829:277, Scomber microlepidotus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1836:38, Pl. 11 (fig. 2), Scomber moluccensis Bleeker [P.] 1856:40, Scomber reani Day [F.] 1871:690 [14], Rastrelliger serventyi Whitley [G. P.] 1944:268, Scomber uam Montrouzier [X.] 1857:449 [171]] Notes: [Le Règne Animal v. 2; ref. 993] No locality stated [Vizagapatam, India]. Current status: Valid as Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Madagscar and western Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands, south to northwestern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). (canagurta) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Vizagapatam, India. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (chrysozonus) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (delphinalis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Fort Dauphin, Madagascar. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae.

16 (lepturus) [Pisces Celebes. Icones Piscium.; ref ] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (loo) [Dictionnaire Classique de Histoire Naturelle v ; ref ] Port Praslin, New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (microlepidotus) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (moluccensis) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (reani) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870 (pt 3); ref. 1078] Andaman Islands, east of Bay of Bengal. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (serventyi) [Australian Zoologist v. 10 (pt 3); ref. 4705] Port Hedland, Western Australia. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (uam) [Annales de la Société d'agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref ] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. Current status: Synonym of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816). Scombridae: Scombrinae. GENUS Sarda Cuvier, bonitos [=Sarda Cuvier [G.], 1829:199, Creotroctes Gistel [J.], 1848:X, Palamita (subgenus of Thynnus) Bonaparte [C. L.], 1831:173, Pelamys Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:149] Notes: [ref. 995]. Fem. Scomber sarda Bloch, Type by monotypy (also by absolute tautonymy). Valid as Sarda Cuvier, 1829 (Postel 1973:475 [ref. 7208], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:276 [ref. 7348], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:225 [ref. 6441], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:989 [ref ], Collette 1986:834 [ref. 5647], Gomon et al. 1994:822 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:11 [ref ], Collette 2001:3724 [ref ], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:805 [ref ], Collette 2003:7 [ref ], Parin 2003:S28 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1773 [ref ], Gomon 2008:785 [ref ], Parin et al. 2014:512 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Sarda Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Creotroctes) [ref. 1822]. Masc. Scomber sarda Bloch, Type by being a replacement name. Unneeded and unexplained replacement for Sarda Cuvier, Objective synonym of Sarda Cuvier, (Collette & Chao 1975:597 [ref. 5573], Collette 2003:7 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Sarda Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae.

17 (Palamita) [ref. 4978]. Fem. Scomber sarda Bloch, Type by being a replacement name. Appeared as a section under Thynnus as "3. Palamita, Nob. (Pelamis, Cuv. nec. Daud.). Replacement for Pelamis [= Pelamys] Cuvier, 1832 (although the former preadated the latter), preoccupied by Pelamis Oken, 1816 in Reptilia [Bonaparte regarded as preoccupied by Daudan]. See also Collette 2003:7 [ref ]. Objective synonym of Sarda Cuvier, (Collette 2003:7 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Sarda Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Pelamys) [ref. 1000]. Fem. Scomber sarda Bloch, Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation found is Jordan & Evermann 1896:871 [ref. 2443]. Spelled Pelamis by Swainson 1839:238 [ref. 4303]. Objective synonym of Sarda Cuvier, 1829 (Postel 1973:475 [ref. 7208], Collette & Chao 1975:597 [ref. 5573], Collette 2003:7 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Sarda Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881) - Australian bonito [=Pelamys australis Macleay [W.], 1881:557, Pelamys schlegeli McCoy [F.], 1888:207, Pl. 155] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 2869] Port Jackson, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island, and New Zealand. (schlegeli) [Prodromus of the zoology of Victoria; figures and descriptions of the living species of all classes of the Victorial indigenous animals.; ref ] Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832) - Pacific bonito [=Pelamys chiliensis Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:163, Pelamys lineolata Girard [C. F.], 1858:106] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Valparaíso, Chile. Current status: Valid as Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. The subspecies chilensis occurs from the Gulf of Guayaquil, Peru, south to Talcahuano and Valdivia Chile; subspecies lineolata occurs from Alaska south to tip of Baja Califonia.

18 (lineolata) [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) - striped bonito [=Pelamys orientalis Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1844:99, Pl. 52, Sarda orientalis serventyi Whitley [G. P.], 1945:41, Sarda velox Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.], 1923:320, Pl. 24] Notes: [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Valid as Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Panama, north to southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands. (serventyi) [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 1); ref. 4707] Albany, Western Australia. Current status: Synonym of Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Scombridae: Scombrinae. (velox) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 215); ref. 2963] Market, Panama City, (Pacific) Panama. Current status: Synonym of Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793) - Atlantic bonito [=Scomber sarda Bloch [M. E.], 1793:44, Pl. 334, Thynnus brachypterus Cuvier [G.], 1829:198, Scomber mediterraneus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:23, Scomber palamitus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:44, Pl. 2 (fig. 2), Scomber pelamis Brünnich [M. T.], 1768:68, Scomber ponticus Pallas [P. S.], 1814:217] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Europe. Current status: Valid as Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Atlantic and southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine. (brachypterus) [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

19 (mediterraneus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (palamitus) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (pelamis) [Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptiones eorumque apud incolas nomina.; ref ] Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Current status: Synonym of Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (ponticus) [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Black Sea, Crimea. Current status: Synonym of Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793). Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Scomber Linnaeus, mackerels [=Scomber Linnaeus [C.], 1758:297, Cordylus Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:163, Pelamys Klein [J. T.], 1775:176, Pelamys Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein), 1792:584, Pneumatophorus (subgenus of Scomber) Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1883:593] Notes: [ref. 2787]. Masc. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Gill 1862:125 [ref. 1659]. On Official List (Opinion 77, Direction 56). Two subgenera were recognized by Collette (1999 [ref ]): the monotypic Scomber (Scomber) for S. scombrus and Scomber (Pneumatophorus) for the other 3 species in the genus, S. australasicus, S. colias, and S. japonicus. Valid as Scomber Linnaeus, (Postel 1973:465 [ref. 7208], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:282 [ref. 7348], Collette & Nauen 1983:55 [ref. 5375], Collette et al. 1984:600 [ref ], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:224 [ref. 6441], Collette 1986:835 [ref. 5647], Gomon et al. 1994:823 [ref ], Collette in Whitehead et al. 1986:990 [ref ], Stepien & Rosenblatt 1996:586 [ref ], Scoles et al. 1998:823 [ref ], Collette et al. 2001:5 [ref ], Collette 2001:3722 [ref ], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:805 [ref ], Collette 2003:1837 [ref ], Collette 2003:8 [ref ], Parin 2003:S29 [ref ], Bray et al. 2006:1774 [ref ], Gomon 2008:786 [ref ], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:131 [ref ], Parin et al. 2014:513 [ref ]). Current status: Valid as Scomber Linnaeus, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Cordylus) [ref. 1911]. Masc. Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; apparently preoccupied by Cordylus Laurenti, 1768 in Reptilia and by Cordylus Wagler, 1828 in Amphibia (not by Cordylus Gronow, 1763, rejected work); apparently not replaced. Synonym of Scomber Linnaeus, (Collette 2003:8 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Scomber Linnaeus, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Pelamys K) [ref. 2618]. Fem. Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature.

20 In the synonymy of Scomber Linnaeus, (Collette 2003:17 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Scomber Linnaeus, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Pelamys W) [ref. 4572]. Fem. Not available, published in a part of work rejected for nomenclatural purposes in Opinion 21 (1938). Based on Klein 1749:10, Pl. 4, fig. 1 [ref ]. In the synonymy of Scomber Linnaeus, (Collette 2003:17 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Scomber Linnaeus, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (Pneumatophorus) [ref. 2473]. Masc. Scomber pneumatophorus Delaroche, Type by absolute tautonymy (also monotypic, one valid species). Apparently Gill intended S. colias also to go in this subgenus, but his text is unclear. Synonym of Scomber Linnaeus, 1758, but a valid subgenus Pneumatophorus as described -- (Postel 1973:465 [ref. 7208], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:282 [ref. 7348], Collette 1999:163 [ref ]). Synonym of Scomber Jordan & Gilbert, (Collette et al. 2001:6 [ref ], Collette 2003:8 [ref ], Parin 2003:S29 [ref ]). Current status: Synonym of Scomber Linnaeus, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Scomber australasicus Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, blue mackerel [=Scomber australasicus Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:49, Scomber antarcticus Castelnau [F. L.], 1872:106, Scomber tapeinocephalus Bleeker [P.], 1854:407] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] King George Sound, Western Australia, southeastern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Scomber australasicus Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf; Japan and Kuril Islands south to Australia and New Zealand, east to Hawaiian Islands; Socorro Island off Mexico (eastern Pacific). (antarcticus) [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Melbourne market, Victoria, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Scomber australasicus Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (tapeinocephalus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref ] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Scomber australasicus Cuvier, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Species Scomber colias Gmelin, Atlantic chub mackerel [=Scomber colias Gmelin [J. F.], 1789:1329, Scomber capensis Cuvier [G.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1832:56, Scomber dekayi Storer [D. H.], 1853:130, Pl. 11 (fig. 1), Scomber gigas Fowler [H. W.], 1935:378, Fig. 16,

21 Scomber gracilis Swainson [W.], 1839:238, 410, Scomber grex Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:11, Scomber scomber var. lacertus Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:209, Scomber macrophthalmus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:20, 53, Scomber maculatus Couch [J.], 1832:22, Fig. 8, Pneumatophorus japonicus marplatensis López [R. B.], 1955:25, Scomber pneumatophorus Delaroche [F. E.], 1809:334 [48], Scomber undulatus Swainson [W.], 1839:409] Notes: [Caroli a Linné... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref ] Sardinia, Italy, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine. (capensis) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 8; ref. 1000] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (dekayi) [Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (new series) v. 5 (pt 1, art. 8); ref ] New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, to Carolina, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (gigas) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 1421] Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (gracilis) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Coasts of Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (grex) [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (lacertus) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (macrophthalmus) [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (maculatus) [Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Minerology, Gelology, and Meterology v. 5 (no. 23, art. 4); ref. 5557] Cornwall, England. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

22 (marplatensis) [Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Dietología: publicación trimestral dedicada al estudio de la nutrición humana v. 13; ref ] Mar del Plata, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (pneumatophorus) [Annales du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 13; ref ] [Iviça] Ibiza, Baleares Islands, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (undulatus) [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Coasts of Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Scomber colias Gmelin, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Habitat: brackish, marine. Species Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, chub mackerel [=Scomber japonicus Houttuyn [M.], 1782:331, Scomber diego Ayres [W. O.], 1856:92, Scomber janesaba Bleeker [P.], 1854:406, Scomber scombrus japonicus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.], 1844:92, Pneumatophorus peruanus Jordan [D. S.] & Hubbs [C. L.], 1925:211, Scomber saba Bleeker [P.], 1854:405] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem v. 20 (pt 2); ref. 2220] Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Current status: Valid as Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Scombridae: Scombrinae. Distribution: Pacific: Philippines and Japan east to eastern Pacific from Alaska to Chile, north to Japan and Hawaiian Islands. (diego) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 1 (pt 2); ref ] Santa Barbara Channel area, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (janesaba) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref ] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (japonicus) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (peruanus) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 2486] Bay of Callao, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, Scombridae: Scombrinae. (saba) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref ] Nagasaki, Japan.