Trends in Modern Alpine Ski Racing
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1 Trends in Modern Alpine Ski Racing Ron LeMaster Theme Alpine racing technique and tactics are evolving quickly The evolution is driven by the evolution in equipment Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 1
2 Overview Discuss some changes in equipment Discuss the implications in in technique Equipment Evolution Snow Skis Plates Boots Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 2
3 The Snow The snow is holding up much better Most slalom and some GS hills are injected Later racers have better chance Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 3
4 Skis The Good It doesn t take as much pressure to bend the ski A shorter ski is stable enough You can make the ski hold earlier in the turn The Bad Edge release is a harder skill to learn Can t turn ski and wait for the right spot to engage it The Ugly Encourages park and ride skiing Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 4
5 Typical Ski Parameters (Men) GS 185 cm to 193 cm 3 deg. side bevel, deg. Bottom Slalom 155 cm to 165 cm 5 deg. side bevel, deg. Bottom Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 5
6 Plates Tune the vibrations characteristics of the ski Selectively stiffen the ski Different plates for different events Lots of tweaking and experimenting Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 6
7 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 7
8 Boots A bit softer in the front Many skiers moving away from hard posted footbeds Wide variations in lateral canting Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 8
9 Equipment and Technique Skis, boots and snow have evolved to help the athletes hold tighter turns Holding tighter turns has influenced changes in technique Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 9
10 Influences on Technique Better skis, boots, and snow enable athletes to hold tighter turns Tighter turns require more inclination More inclination makes the transition more demanding More radical transitions encourage more retraction More inclination requires wider stance Better holding allows more use of the inside ski Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 10
11 Technique Evolution More inclination Focus on transition More retraction Wider stance More pressure on inside ski Inclination Better holding + bendier skis Tighter arcs Greater centrifugal force Greater inclination Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 11
12 Inclination Demands more strength Results in more boot-out Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 12
13 Gs - Resultant Force Transition Greater inclination Skier s body and feet take more divergent lines between turns More attention to transition Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 13
14 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 14
15 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 15
16 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 16
17 Transition Bode: I like to feel I m changing edges with my knees Facilitated by wide stance Facilitated by retraction Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 17
18 Retraction Greater inclination t Bigger virtual bump between turns t Bigger upward forces between turns t More retraction Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 18
19 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 19
20 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 20
21 Learning Retraction Hop back and forth across a pole as fast as you can Do it on a trampoline Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 21
22 Width of Stance Greater inclination Skier standing on steeper effective slope More difference between flexion of inside and outside legs Wider stance Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 22
23 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 23
24 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 24
25 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 25
26 Stance Tips and toes do not line up with hips and shoulders anymore Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 26
27 Using the Inside Ski Is definitely increasing Varies from skier to skier Varies with snow and pitch Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 27
28 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 28
29 Why Put Weight on Inside Ski? Provides support in first half of turn until outside ski hooks up fully It s the safety valve for overestimating grip Facilitates manipulation of outside ski Assists fore-aft pressure control Avoids brutalizing softer snow Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 29
30 Countering Less than before, but it s not going away The skier s torso turns toward the outside of the turn Aligns the body s largest muscles with the force on the skier Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 30
31 Summary Equipment is driving the changes in World Cup Skiing Better skis, boots, and snow enable athletes to hold tighter turns Tighter turns require more inclination More inclination makes the transition more demanding Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 31
32 Summary (cont) More radical transitions encourage more retraction More inclination requires wider stance Better holding allows more use of the inside ski Thanks for Coming! Visit for slides from my talks, and lots of pictures Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 32
33 Ron LeMaster 2000 All rights reserved 33
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