LEVEL 2 AWARD IN WORKING IN LOW RISK CONFINED SPACES ( )

Transcription

1 LEVEL 2 AWARD IN WORKING IN LOW RISK CONFINED SPACES ( ) Qualification Unit In association with Neo Africa Training Consultants Level 2 Award in Working in A Low world Risk of skilled Confined and Spaces empowered ( ) workforce

2 ii Level Introductory 2 Award Award in Working Training Low Skills Risk 1106 Confined (complex Spaces 01) ( )

3 LEVEL 2 AWARD IN WORKING IN LOW RISK CONFINED SPACES ( ) Training Manual Name: City and Guilds enrolment number: Date registered with City and Guilds Date enrolled with centre: Centre name: Centre number: Centre address: Centre contacts: Assessor name: Internal verifier name: Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

4 iv Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

5 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) Qualification Unit Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

6 vi Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

7 Table of contents Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces 3 Outcome 1: Prepare to enter and work safely in low risk confined spaces 5 Outcome 2: Enter and exit confined spaces safely 6 Outcome 3: Use equipment and tools safely and in accordance with manufacturers specifications 7 Outcome 4: Follow procedures and work safely 8 Outcome 5: Deal with emergencies 10 Outcome 6: Use appropriate behaviour for working in low risk confined spaces 11 Outcome 7: Use appropriate knowledge for working in low risk confined spaces 12 Outcome 8: Apply relevant industry standards for working in low risk confined spaces 13 Working in High Risk Confined Spaces 16 Outcome 1: Prepare to enter and work safely in high risk confined spaces 17 Outcome 2: Enter and exit confined spaces safely 19 City & Guilds Award in working in low risk confined spaces: Non water Level 2 Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces 58 Appendices 67 Appendix 1: Confined Space Entry Form 69 Appendix 2: Roles of confined space team 70 Appendix 3: Confined Space Regulations Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

8 2 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

9 Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces Level: 2 Credit value: 1 Unit aim The aim of this unit is to assess learners against the national standard in a realistic low risk environment preparing to work safely; entering and exiting confined spaces safely; using equipment and tools safely; following procedures and dealing with emergencies. There is also a behavioural emphasis on the candidate undertaking the assessment in an efficient and safe manner. The unit also requires the learner to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of low risk confined spaces through a mix of practical observation and written assessment. Learning outcomes There are eight learning outcomes to this unit. The learner will be able to: 1. Prepare to work safely in low risk confined spaces 2. Enter and exit confined spaces safely 3. Use equipment and tools safely and in accordance with manufacturers specifications 4. Follow procedures and work safely 5. Deal with emergencies 6. Use appropriate behaviour for working in low risk confined spaces 7. Use appropriate knowledge for working in low risk confined spaces 8. Apply relevant industry standards for working in low risk confined spaces Guided learning hours It is recommended that 7 hours should be allocated for this unit. This may be on a full-time or parttime basis. Details of the relationship between the unit and relevant national occupational standards (if appropriate, otherwise omit) This unit is linked directly to the Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces. Endorsement of the unit by a sector or other appropriate body (if required, otherwise omit) This unit is endorsed by Energy and Utility Skills. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 3

10 Assessment and grading This unit will be assessed by: Direct observation of an entry into a low risk confined space A written test The development of the full suite of 6150 qualifications has been developed jointly between City & Guilds and CABWI Awarding Body. 4 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

11 Outcome 1: Prepare to enter and work safely in low risk confined spaces Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. prepare and check all equipment is in good order and electrical equipment is fully charged before entering the work site 2. obtain authorisation for entry and relevant health and safety information where there are designated personnel for supervising the work 3. arrange adequate communications for loneworking situations 4. maintain a safety zone in situations where other people need to be kept clear 5. carry out a real-time risk assessment before starting work 6. set up and put monitoring equipment in place, and confirm it is working before entering the confined space. Notes for Guidance Authorisation and information: In this realistic working environment the learner must be given the opportunity to obtain authorisation and information to enter the confined space. This can include but is not limited to: Job sheet, generic risk assessment, safe system of work, isolation procedure (eg meters), lone working procedures; emergency procedures, hygiene procedures, environmental protection procedures. Communications: The learner might find themselves in a lone working situation during their employment and therefore must show that in this scenario they can set up appropriate communications systems eg, using mobile phones and radios. Monitoring equipment: This must include a portable gas monitor as a minimum. Equipment, including electrical: The learner must be seen preparing and checking at the very least the following equipment and electrical equipment: Portable gas monitor, torch, portable electric lamp, suitable handtools, first aid equipment. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 5

12 Outcome 2: Enter and exit confined spaces safely Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. check atmospheric conditions are safe 2. set up and inspect access equipment to make sure it is safe before using it 3. enter and exit the space in line with procedures for working in low risk confined spaces 4. resolve any problems of work or team members with the designated personnel. Notes for Guidance Atmospheric conditions: Before entering the confined space the learner must be given the opportunity during the assessment to show that they have considered the effects of the following: composition of atmosphere, oxygen deficiency, flammable gas, noxious gas, types of monitoring equipment, alarm levels. Access equipment: The learner must be assessed setting up and inspecting access equipment appropriate to the setting. This can include: warning barriers, warning signs, metal or mesh inserts, long / short handle manual lifting keys, long handled lever types on castors, fixed ladders, hydraulic lifts. Procedures: The procedures for entering and exiting low risk confined spaces can incorporate safety awareness, access equipment, risk assessments and atmospheric conditions. Problems: The learner must be given the opportunity to show they can resolve problems. This must be evidenced through practical simulation. 6 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

13 Outcome 3: Use equipment and tools safely and in accordance with manufacturers specifications Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. check all equipment and tools are suitable for the job before using them 2. check all personal protective equipment (PPE) is suitable before using it 3. use the specified method to introduce equipment and tools into the confined space 4. ensure equipment and tools are recovered from site when work is finished. Notes for Guidance Checks: Equipment and tools: As a minimum the equipment and tools for this assessment must cover portable gas monitor, torch, portable electric lamp, suitable hand-tools. Personal Protective Equipment: As a minimum the personal protective equipment for this assessment must cover overalls, gloves / gauntlets, safety helmets, footwear. Specified Method: The specified method ensures that equipment and tools are introduced into the confined space safely and used without danger to individuals at work or damage to the tools and equipment. As a minimum, and where equipment permits, the learner must carry out the following checks: no damage to equipment, calibration dates; pre-use checks (including self tests), conforms to manufacturers instructions, inspection/ maintenance records. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 7

14 Outcome 4: Follow procedures and work safely Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. set up and use communication methods which are suitable for the job 2. inform at least one other person in advance of starting work where it involves loneworking 3. control access of people and vehicles around the entry point 4. resolve any problems connected to the work with the designated personnel 5. follow employers safe working procedures and manufacturers equipment instructions 6. act immediately to remedy any unsafe activity, equipment, and environmental conditions 7. regularly monitor atmospheric conditions within the confined space 8. control risks adequately which arise during working 9. use PPE specified for the job 10. respond to information from monitoring equipment 11. close down and make the work area safe when work is finished 12. complete all documentation and reports before filing them in the designated place or passing them to designated personnel. Notes for Guidance Communication methods: Can include written, verbal, signalling, telephone, radio, mobile phone, . Problems: The learner must be given the opportunity to show they can resolve problems. This must be evidenced through practical simulation. Safe working procedures: The learner must be given the opportunity to demonstrate they follow their employer s safe working procedures. This can include: risk assessments, job sheets, safe systems of work, dynamic risk assessment. 8 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

15 Manufacturer s equipment instructions: As a minimum, the learner must show they are complying with the manufacturer s instructions for using the gas monitor. Act immediately: The learner must be given the opportunity to show that they take the following action immediately to remedy a problem during the operation: 1) Identifying the problem, 2) where possible, implement suitable control measures, 3) report the problem. The problems should relate to ancillary equipment and conditions encountered within the confined space during the operation. Monitor atmospheric conditions: The learner must regularly show the assessor without prompting that they are monitoring atmospheric conditions in the confined space and interpreting and acting upon information obtained from relevant monitor(s). PPE: Personal protective equipment conditional on the job can include overalls, gloves / gauntlets, safety helmets, footwear. Control risks: The learner must be given the opportunity to show they can control risks. This must be evidenced through practical simulation. The simulation could relate to the following hazards: oxygen deficiency, explosive atmospheres, toxic atmospheres, inrush of liquids / free flowing solids, extremes of temperature, diseases and manual handling. Documentation and reports: The learner must be given the opportunity to make reports and complete required documents in line with organisational requirements. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 9

16 Outcome 5: Deal with emergencies Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. start emergency exit procedures immediately a dangerous situation arises 2. exit self safely 3. record and/or report the emergency incident and its circumstances. Notes for Guidance Emergency exit procedures: The learner must be subjected to a simulated emergency so that the assessor can observe them implementing emergency exit procedures. These procedures are contained from point 22 to 29 inclusive in the low risk direct observation checklist. Important: The emergency simulation must be activated only after the learner has had the opportunity to evidence that they have resolved a particular problem please see Problems in outcome 2 and Act Immediately in outcome 4. Once the learner has exited the confined space safely under emergency conditions they will by default have been deemed competent to do so under normal conditions. Circumstances: The learner must record and report the circumstances in line with organisational procedures. As a minimum the circumstances covered must include: Date, time, location, events leading up to emergency, those involved / affected, key instructions / messages received / given, action taken, arrival time for emergency services other specialists. 10 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

17 Outcome 6: Use appropriate behaviour for working in low risk confined spaces Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can demonstrate that they: 1. are vigilant to possible risks and hazards. Notes for Guidance Checks: The assessor must observe the learner s behaviour throughout the exercise to identify an underlying awareness of possible risk and hazards and the appropriate responses to conditions and situations encountered during the assessment. Typically, the assessor will observe the learner: undertaking dynamic risk assessment throughout the exercise to identify risks and hazards responding to risks and hazards calmly whilst implementing appropriate control measures dealing promptly with emergencies in a calm and collected manner conducting themselves in a safe manner throughout. These observations are encompassed in point 31 of the low risk observation checklist. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 11

18 Outcome 7: Use appropriate knowledge for working in low risk confined spaces Assessment Criteria Underpinning knowledge The learner can demonstrate that they: 1. Understand their responsibilities to comply with the main principles of health and safety and environmental legislation and regulations 2. Know about guidance relating to identifying a confined space and how to assess risk for working safely in confined spaces 3. Know how enclosed areas could become confined spaces due to the presence of a hazard 4. Know about the specific hazards that can produce a confined space 5. Know how emergency situations can arise in a confined space 6. Know about manufacturers instructions relating to use of equipment 7. Understand the roles when working as part of a team 8. Know about the different roles and responsibilities for dealing with emergencies 9. Know how to deal with injuries to personnel and the general public 10. Know how to deal with irregularities and abnormal situations 11. Know about different types of emergency situation Notes for Guidance The knowledge requirements contained within this outcome will be assessed via a written paper. Implicit knowledge is captured and observed throughout the practical assessment. For further information on this, please consult the test specification in section 4.4 of the 6150 Handbook. 12 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

19 Outcome 8: Apply relevant industry standards for working in low risk confined spaces Assessment Criteria Underpinning knowledge The learner can demonstrate that they: 1. Map own organisations classifications into confined spaces National Occupational Standards for confined spaces 2. Understand entry procedures for low risk confined spaces 3. Understand how to carry out real-time assessment of risks and hazards 4. Understand procedures and methods of working suitable to low risk environments and local conditions 5. Understand how to reduce the risk to an acceptable level for the work to be carried out 6. Understand and use local site procedures 7. Understand how to monitor conditions and work activity 8. Understand how to resolve problems speedily and with the designated personnel where other people or organizations are involved 9. Know and understand the precautions to take when working alone 10. Understand communications methods for keeping in contact with other people during work in low risk confined spaces 11. Understand how to prepare and check equipment 12. Understand how to ensure equipment and tools are fit-for-purpose and how to use them safely 13. Understand reporting systems for routine and non-routine work activities and resolving problems 14. Understand procedures for dealing with emergencies 15. Understand communications and reporting systems for emergency situations Notes for Guidance The knowledge requirements contained within this outcome will be assessed via a written paper. Implicit knowledge is captured and observed throughout the practical assessment. For further information on this, please consult the test specification in section 4.4 of the 6150 Handbook. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 13

20 14 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

21 Level 2 Award in Working in High Risk Confined Spaces ( ) Qualification Unit

22 Working in High Risk Confined Spaces Level: 2 Credit value: 2 Unit aim The aim of this unit is to assess learners against the national standard in a realistic high risk environment preparing to work safely; entering and exiting confined spaces safely; preparing and using appropriate respiratory protective equipment (RPE) for working and escape purposes; using equipment and tools safely; following procedures and dealing with emergencies. There is also a behavioural emphasis on the candidate undertaking the assessment in an efficient and safe manner. The unit also requires the learner to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of high risk confined spaces through a mix of practical observation and written assessment. Learning outcomes There are nine learning outcomes to this unit. The learner will be able to: 1. Prepare to work safely in high risk confined spaces 2. Enter and exit confined spaces safely 3. Prepare and use appropriate RPE for working and escape purposes in accordance with manufacturers specifications 4. Use equipment and tools safely and in accordance with manufacturers specifications 5. Follow procedures and work safely 6. Deal with emergencies 7. Use appropriate behaviour for working in high risk confined spaces 8. Use appropriate knowledge for working in high risk confined spaces 9. Apply relevant industry standards for working in high risk confined spaces Guided learning hours It is recommended that 20 hours should be allocated for this unit. This may be on a full-time or part-time basis. Details of the relationship between the unit and relevant national occupational standards (if appropriate, otherwise omit) This unit is linked to the Working in High Risk Confined Spaces Endorsement of the unit by a sector or other appropriate body (if required, otherwise omit) This unit is endorsed by Energy and Utility Skills Assessment and grading This unit will be assessed by: Direct observation of an entry into a high risk confined space A written test The development of the full suite of 6150 qualifications has been developed jointly between City & Guilds and CABWI Awarding Body. 16 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

23 Outcome 1: Prepare to enter and work safely in high risk confined spaces Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. prepare and check all equipment is in good order and electrical equipment is fully charged before entering the work site 2. obtain authorisation for entry and relevant health and safety information from designated personnel 3. carry out a real-time risk assessment before starting work 4. put in place and confirm isolation of any connecting services 5. set up and put monitoring equipment in place 6. set up, test, and confirm communications systems are working before moving away from the entry point 7. set up and maintain a safety zone around the work site 8. confirm all team members know and understand their roles 9. check all team members are in place before entry begins. Notes for Guidance Equipment and electrical equipment: The learner must seen preparing and checking at the very least the following equipment and electrical equipment: Portable gas monitor, access equipment, safety / rescue harness, torch, portable electric lamp, communication devices, appropriate working and escape RPE, lifelines, fall arrest equipment, portable/fixed ventilation equipment, portable lighting, first aid equipment (including resuscitation). Authorisation and information: In this realistic working environment the learner must be given the opportunity to obtain authorisation and information to enter the confined space. This can include but is not limited to job sheet, risk assessment, safe system of work, permit to work, isolation procedure (e.g. meter), emergency procedures, emergency arrangements, plans, schematic drawings, wearers log books, certificates of competency for using / servicing appropriate working and escape RPE, reporting procedures, hygiene procedures, decontamination procedures, environmental protection procedures. Monitoring equipment: Must include a portable gas monitor as a minimum. Communications systems: Can include mobile phone, radio, air horns, chalk, whistles, and associated organisational devised code(s) of signals. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 17

24 Team: During their employment, learners at this risk level will be part of a team. It is important that they show awareness of other team members and are clear in their roles. Therefore, through practical simulation, they must be given the opportunity to show they are interacting and confirming their own and other team members understanding of their roles prior to entry into the confined space. 18 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

25 Outcome 2: Enter and exit confined spaces safely Assessment Criteria Practical skills The learner can: 1. check atmospheric conditions are safe 2. set up and check access equipment is safe 3. resolve any problems of work or team members with the designated personnel 4. use special hoists and safety lines as set down in procedures 5. enter and exit the space in line with procedures for working in high risk confined spaces Notes for Guidance Atmospheric conditions: Before entering the confined space the learner must be given the opportunity during the assessment to show that they have considered the effects of the following: composition of atmosphere, oxygen deficiency, flammable gas, noxious gas, types of monitoring equipment, alarm levels. Access equipment: The learner must be assessed setting up and inspecting access equipment appropriate to the setting. This can include: Warning barriers, warning signs, metal or mesh inserts, long / short handle manual lifting keys, long handled lever types on castors, fixed ladders, hydraulic lifts, approved manriding tripod and winch, pulley system, davit system and other relevant systems. Problems: The learner must be given the opportunity to show they can resolve problems. This must be evidenced through practical simulation. Special hoists: Could include winches, pulley systems and davit systems. Procedures The procedures for entering and exiting high risk confined spaces can incorporate safety awareness, access equipment, risk assessments and atmospheric conditions. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 19

26 20 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

27 City & Guilds Award in working in low risk confined spaces: Non water Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 21

28 Trainers Joseph Mbago Tom Nyaga Course Objectives Candidates should be able to: Prepare to work safely in a low risk & high risk confined space Enter and exit low & high risk confined spaces safely Use equipment and tools safely and in accordance with manufacturers specifications Follow procedures and work safely Deal with emergencies Use appropriate behaviour for working in low risk confined spaces Use appropriate knowledge for working in low risk confined spaces Apply relevant industry standards for working in low risk confined spaces 22 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

29 Day 1 (Half day) Day 1 topics The days discussion shall involve: Definition of confined spaces Examples of confined spaces Types and characteristics of confined spaces Confined Space definition Confined space is space that: Is large enough & so configured that employee can bodily enter & perform assigned work Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy Can be Subject to physical hazards, accumulation of Toxic or Flammable Contaminants or has Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 23

30 Confined Space definition Limited means of entry and exit but are large enough for a person to enter Not designed for continuous human occupancy Could present physical or atmospheric hazards 24 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

31 Examples of confined spaces Storage Tanks Process Vessels Ventilation or Exhaust Ducts Sewers Underground Utility Vaults Tunnels Pipelines Silos pits vats hoppers Low Risk Confined Spaces A low risk confined space exists where there is easy access/egress and natural ventilation. A low risk shallow entry with adequate natural or mechanical ventilation, where access is simple and unobstructed and there is no likely risk of flooding, e.g. meter chambers, valve chambers, booster pumping stations. Lone workers can work safely in this environment provided that they use a gas detector to check the atmosphere prior to entry and continually thereafter to ensure it does not alarm and adherence to lone working procedures. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 25

32 Low Risk Confined Spaces Risk Assessment will determine what is required for entry If the workplace was not deeper than 3 metres and had an unobstructed clear vertical lift e.g. straight ladder into a dark chamber then using a two man team and remaining connected to a winch line with tripod etc then entry may be made without the use of Escape Breathing Apparatus. Medium Risk Confined Spaces A medium risk confined space exists when there are access issues, a realistic expectation of encountering a specified risk, possible introduction of specified risks during the work activity, e.g. flammable, toxic or an oxygen deficient environment, etc. Individuals remain connected to a lifeline where it does not cause a further hazard(s), monitored by top man, and the use of escape breathing apparatus is also required in these circumstances. When it is not possible to have persons permanently attached to a lifeline e.g. when a team has to move away from the entry point in man entry sewers, complex sewage wet wells etc. This type of work will involve a bottom man (bottom of ladder) and the use of escape breathing apparatus. 26 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

33 High Risk Confined Spaces A high risk confined space exists where there is a specified hazard that cannot be controlled or eliminated, e.g. gas leak, mechanical and electrical hazards, enhanced intrinsic hazards. Specific rescue procedures are also required for this type of work activity. There may or may not be access issues and the candidate is expected to carry out their function in the presence of this specified risk, e.g. chlorine gas leak. Candidates must wear self-contained breathing apparatus (a working set, NOT an escape set). Permit-RequiredConfined Space Permit-Required Confined Space is confined space that has one or more of following characteristics: Contains or has potential to contain hazardous atmosphere Contains material that has potential for engulfing entrant Has internal configuration such that entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by floor which slopes downward & tapers to smaller cross-section Contains any other serious safety or health hazard Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 27

34 Characteristics Internal configuration Open - no obstacles, barriers or obstructions within space (i.e. water tank) Obstructed - permit space contains some type of obstruction that rescuer would need to maneuver around, such as baffle or mixing blade Large equipment, such as ladder or scaffold brought into space for work purposes, would be considered obstruction if positioning or size of equipment would make rescue more difficult Elevation Elevated - permit space where entrance portal or opening is above grade 4 ft Usually requires knowledge of high angle rescue procedures because of difficulty in packaging & transporting patient to ground from portal Non-elevated - permit space with entrance portal located 4 ft above grade Will allow rescue team to transport injured employee normally Portal size Restricted - portal 24 in least dimension Too small to allow rescuer to simply enter space while using SCBA Too small to allow normal spinal immobilization of injured employee Unrestricted - portal 24 in least dimension These portals allow relatively free movement into and out of permit space 28 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

35 Characteristics Space access Horizontal - portal located on side of permit space Use of retrieval lines could be difficult Vertical - portal located on top of permit space; rescuers must climb down, or at bottom of permit space, rescuers must climb up to enter space May require knowledge of rope techniques or special patient packaging to safely retrieve downed entrant Questions? End of day 1 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 29

36 Day 2 Day 2 topics The days discussion shall involve: Legislation governing working with confined spaces Confined spaces hazards Working in low risk confined spaces Preparation, entry and exiting high risk confined spaces Dealing with rescue and emergencies Regulations guiding confined spaces The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 Factories and other places of work act (chapter 514) section 35. Occupational safety and health act, 2007 section 79. Definitions Hazardous atmosphere Atmosphere that may expose employees to risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue (i.e. unaided escape from permit space), injury or acute illness from one or more following causes: Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of Lower Flammable Limit (LFL) 30 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

37 Definitions Hazardous atmosphere Airborne combustible dust at concentration that meets or exceeds LFL Note: concentration may be approximated as condition in which dust obscures vision at distance of 5 ft or less Atmospheric oxygen concentration <19.5% or >23.5% Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which dose or PEL could result in employee exposure in excess of dose or PEL Note: atmospheric concentration of any substance not capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to selfrescue, injury or acute illness due to health effects is not covered Any other atmospheric condition that is IDLH Note: for air contaminants which OSHA has no dose or PEL, other sources of information, such as MSDSs that comply with 29 CFR , published information & internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Condition that poses immediate or delayed threat to life or cause irreversible adverse health effects or interfere with individual s ability to escape unaided from permit space Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 31

38 Causes of the Hazardous Conditions Flammable vapors, lack of oxygen, poison or toxic gases were: 1. Either present prior to entering 2. Or caused by the person while working. Dangers from confined spaces Poisonous gas, fume or vapour. This can; Build up in sewers and manholes and in pits connected to the system Enter tanks or vessels from connecting pipes Leak into trenches and pits in contaminated land, such as old refuse tips and old gas works. Lack of oxygen. This can occur: Where there is a reaction between some soils and the oxygen in the atmosphere Following the action of ground water on chalk and limestone which can produce Co2 and displace normal air. In ships holds, freight containers, lorries e.t.c as a result of the cargo reacting with oxygen inside the space. Inside steel tanks and vessels when rust forms 32 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

39 Hazards Presenting Potential for Injury, Illness or Death Toxic Gases Above PEL Oxygen Deficiency Oxygen Enrichment Potential for Engulfment Flammable Gas Above 10% of LEL Potential for IDLH Atmospheres Confined Space Hazards Oxygen Deficiency or Surplus Either Too Much Oxygen or Too Little Toxic Gases, Vapors or Fumes Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbon Monoxide etc May Also Include Particulates in Concentration Large Enough to Ignite Engulfment: Grain, Dirt, Liquids etc Potential of Burying Person Nature & Configuration of Space Sloping Walls or Floors that May Trap Worker Energy Hazards Heat, Electricity & Machinery Definitions Engulfment Surrounding & effective capture of person by liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging respiratory system Can exert enough force on body to cause death by strangulation, constriction or crushing Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 33

40 Dangers from confined spaces Liquids and solids which can suddenly fill the space, or release gases into it, when disturbed Fire and explosions ( e.g. from flammable vapours, excess oxygen etc.) Residues left in tanks, vessels etc. or remaining on internal surfaces which can give off gas fume or vapour. Dust present in high concentration e.g. in flour silos Hot conditions leading to a dangerous increase in body temperatures. Toxic Contaminants Contaminants May Already be Inside Space and/or Introduced by Work Operations May Occur as Result of: Work Being Done (Welding activities) Chemical Reactions (Rusting) Bacterial Decomposition Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere May Also Occur by Displacement of Another Gas Low Oxygen Symptoms 16% - Rapid Breathing, Drowsiness 14% - Faulty Judgement, Rapid Fatigue 12% - Unconscious 6% - Death In Potential Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres Users Must Wear SCBA or Combination Airline with Egress Cylinder 34 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

41 Other dangers Electrocution Critters and crawlers Example of Accidents One man died asphyxiated while holding the hoses to pump gasoline off the water in a contamined excavation. The client did not want to pay for water! His boss asked him to hold the hoses while skimming off the surface. Several accidents involved non intrinsically safe equipment or very hot equipment. For instance an accident occurred when a mechanic introduced a hot trouble light inside the compartment of a tanker truck that contained a residue of diesel. It was believed that there was no vapor because of diesel s high flash point but the vehicle had been left in the sun Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 35

42 Preparation to enter and work safely in low risk confined spaces 1. prepare and check all equipment if in good order Equipment required for entry into a low risk confined space include: portable electric lamp, torch, portable gas monitor, first aid equipment, suitable hand tools. 2. Obtain permit to enter confined space, familiarising oneself with relevant health and safety information needed while working in a low risk confined space. 3. Arrange for adequate communications for lone working situations 4. Ensure area around confined space entry point is kept clear of other people or animals not authorised. 5. Conduct a real assessment of task and confined space 6. Set up monitoring equipment and confirm it is working prior to entry into a confined space PRCS Signage DANGER CONFINED SPACE KEEP OUT UNLESS AUTHORIZED 36 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

43 Preparation to enter and work safely in high risk confined spaces 1. Prepare and check all equipment are in good order and electrical equipment are fully charged before entering the site 2. secure authority to enter confined space, familiarising oneself with relevant health and safety information needed while working in a low risk confined space 3. Carry out real time risk assessment before beginning work 4. Confirm isolation of any connecting services 5. Set up monitoring equipment 6. Set up, test and confirm functioning of communications systems before entry 7. Secure site and post warning signs 8. Confirm all team members know and understand their roles 9. Check all team members are in place before entry Entering and exiting a high risk confined space check atmospheric conditions for safety set and check access equipment resolve problems relating to work or work team members use special hoists and safety lines as specified in the work procedures enter and exit according to laid down procedures for working in high risk confined spaces In all cases, a Risk Assessment during the Work Planning Stages and a proper JSA, gas monitoring prior and during the job, adequate training appropriate rescue procedures and the use of a confined space entry permit will be required Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 37

44 PRCS Written Plan Outline Entry Permits Introduction - company policy Definitions Identification of confined spaces Notification and warning Hazard identification Equipment for entry & rescue Evaluation of confined spaces Permits Authorized entrants Authorized attendants Entry supervisors Entry procedures Communications procedures Rescue procedures Closure procedures Coordination of work with contractors Program review and update (required annually) Training requirements and documentation Permit space to be entered Purpose of entry Date & authorized duration of permit Authorized entrants Authorized attendants Name & signature of entry supervisor Hazards of permit space to be entered Isolation of hazard control measures Acceptable entry conditions Results of initial & periodic atmospheric monitoring Rescue & emergency services Communications procedures Equipment required for entry & rescue operations Other necessary information & other required permits 38 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

45 Break Duration 15 mins. Lone working in confined spaces Lone workers are those who work by themselves without close or direct supervision.e.g; In a small workshop, petrol station, vats, septic pits, inspection pits, open trench, manhole. People working on their own outside normal hours like cleaners and security, maintenance/ repair staff. Safety for lone working To ensure personal safety for lone working, the following must be done; instruction and training on safe entry into a confined space risk assessment of activity to be carried out removal of identified risks as much as possible put in place adequate communications for lone working Put in place emergency procedures atmospheric testing prior to entering confined space and regular monitoring when within confined space other people to be informed when lone working Roles and responsibilities Attendant Individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors authorized entrants & performs all attendant s duties assigned in employer s permit space program Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 39

46 Duties of Attendants Knows hazards that may be faced during entry Aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants Continuously maintains accurate count of authorized entrants Remains outside permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant Communicates with authorized entrants Monitors activities inside & outside space Summons rescue & other emergency services Performs non-entry rescues as specified by employer s rescue procedure Performs no duties that might interfere with primary duty to monitor & protect authorized entrants Must always have an entry watch 40 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

47 Definitions Authorized entrant Employee authorized by employer to enter permit space An attendant can also be an authorized entrant Duties of Authorized Entrants Know hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on mode, signs or symptoms & consequences of exposure Properly use equipment as required Communicate with attendant as necessary to enable attendant to monitor entrant status & enable attendant to alert entrants of need to evacuate space as required Alert attendant whenever: Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to dangerous situation Entrant detects prohibited condition Exit from permit space as quickly as possible whenever: Exit from permit space Order to evacuate is given by attendant or entry supervisor Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation Entrant detects prohibited condition Evacuation alarm activated Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 41

48 Definitions Entry Action by which person passes through opening into permit-required confined space Entry includes ensuing work activities in space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of entrant s body breaks plane of opening into space Entry Supervisor Person (such as employer, foreman or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry & overseeing entry operations & for terminating entry Note: entry supervisor may serve as attendant or authorized entrant, as long as that person is trained & equipped as required for each role filled Duties of entry supervisor may be passed from one individual to another during entry operations Duties of Entry Supervisor Knows hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on mode, signs or symptoms & consequences of exposure Verifies, by checking that appropriate entries have been made on permit, all tests specified by permit have been conducted & all procedures & equipment specified by permit are in place before endorsing permit & allowing entry to begin Terminates entry & cancels permit as required by paragraph (e)(5) 42 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

49 Duties of Entry Supervisor Verifies that rescue services are available & means for summoning are operable Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or attempt to enter permit space during entry operations Determines, whenever responsibility for permit space entry operation is transferred & at intervals dictated by hazards & operations performed within space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of entry permit & acceptable entry conditions are maintained Preparation for entry Identify the type of Confined Space at Facility Ensure All Employees & Personnel Know What Areas Considered Confined Spaces Ensure Confined Spaces Clearly Labeled Post Appropriate Signs. Identify All Personnel Authorized to Enter Confined Spaces Train Entrants in All Procedures Inherent in Confined Space Work. Ensure All Required PPE are in Stock & Available for All Authorized Personnel When They Need It. Plan for & Have Available All Rescue & Retrieval Equipment Necessary for Getting Worker(s) Out of Confined Space (Conscious or Unconscious) If Need Arises. Measure & Monitor Air Quality Inside Confined Space Before Entry & At All Times While Work is Done Inside Confined Space Using Gas Monitors. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 43

50 Preparation for entry Use Ventilation & Blowers If Necessary to Maintain Quality of Air. If Air Quality Cannot be Improved then Confined Space Considered Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) Ensure Confined Space Entry Permit Properly & Completely Filled Out & Signed by Maintenance Manager Prior to Entry by Personnel. Establish Proper Communication Procedures - All Workers in Constant Contact with Attendant(s) Outside Confined Space. Safe tools and equipment use Check all equipment for job suitability prior to entry Obtain necessary PPE and confirm suitability for effective protection against likely hazards Introduce tools into confined space using safe methods Clear confined space after completion of task and have all tools recovered, cleaned and safely stored Atmospheric testing Before employee enters space, internal atmosphere shall be tested, with calibrated direct-reading instrument, for following conditions in order given Oxygen content Flammable gases & vapors Potential toxic air contaminants 44 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

51 Entry - Air Monitoring Oxygen Deficient or Enriched Atmospheres Test for Oxygen First Less than 19.5% are IDLH Greater than 23.5 are Oxygen Enriched Flammable or Explosive Atmospheres Greater than 10% LEL are deemed hazardous If Other Toxics Suspected: Test or Provide Adequate Protection for Worker If Above PEL for Substance CO & H2S - Most Common Toxics in Confined Space Entry Maintain Written Record of Monitoring Performed Prior To & During Confined Space Operations. Employees Shall Have Access to Monitoring Results If Dangerous Air Contamination/Oxygen Deficiency Does Not Exist, Entry into Space Requires: Air Monitoring Done with Sufficient Frequency Ensure Dangerous Air Contamination and/ or Oxygen Deficiency Does Not Occur During Operation Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 45

52 GAS TESTING Determining Gas or Vapor Concentrations Gas Testing Undertaken to Determine Presence of Flammable &/or Toxic Vapour or Gas & at What Concentration Present. Gas Testing Done to Ensure that No Hazardous Work Conditions Exist from Presence of Gases or Vapors. Principal Areas of Concern for Human Safety: Determining Oxygen Levels (Deficiency or Enrichment) Determining Explosive Risks (Flammability) Determining Health Risks (Toxicity) Planning For Gas Tests Prior to Commencing Work in Area Which May Contain Hazardous Gases or Vapors, Person in Charge Should Identify Hazardous Substances or Conditions that May Require Gas Testing: Oxygen Deficiency or Enrichment Flammable Gas or Vapor Toxic Vapors: Benzene or Organic Lead Hydrogen Sulfide Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide During Planning Stage for Proposed Work Following Should be Determined: Types of Gases to be Tested For Acceptable Limits Frequency of Gas Testing Required Calibration & Response Testing All Gas Detection Equipment Shall be Calibrated in Accordance with Manufacturers Guidelines and/or Local Standard Requirements. 46 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

53 Choice of gas monitor There are various gas detectors. The things to consider when choosing a gas detector include: The possible types of gases present in the confined space Portability of gas detector Duration of task Water resistance Calibration Special needs e.g. audibility Common gases in a confined space In a confined space, it is important to take samples of the atmosphere at different levels. Common practice is to take atmosphere readings at the top, middle, and bottom of the confined space, as not all gases or vapors weigh the same as air. Every gas has a Vapor Density, which is the physical weight of the gas in relationship to air. Air has a density of 1.0. Gases that are heavier than air have a density greater than 1.0, as gases that are lighter than air have a density less than 1.0. Heavier gases (gas with a vapor density greater than 1.0) will tend to sink or accumulate closer to the floor, as lighter gases tend to rise.for example, Methane gas has a vapor density of.0052 which is less than 1.0 (vapor density of air), indicating it is lighter than air. On the other hand Hydrogen Sulfide has a vapor density of 1.19 indicating it is heavier than air and will typically accumulate closer to the floor. Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 47

54 What to consider when gas monitoring Prior to Using Gas Detection Equipment, User Must be Aware of Manufacturers Precautions. Review Owner s Manual & Operating Manual for Specific Gas Detection Equipment May Vary Depending on Manufacturer & Type of Sensor Used. Factors to consider for effective gas monitoring: Oxygen Deficient or Oxygen Enriched Environments May Cause Erroneous LEL Readings. Ensure Sufficient Battery Charge Before Use. Only Recharge or Change Batteries in Nonhazardous Area. Do Not Draw Liquid into Sampling Line. Only Zero Instrument in Clean Air. Sampling Environments with More than 100% LEL May Provide Erroneous LEL Readings. Do Not Remove Instrument from It s Case When in a Hazardous Environment. Ensure correct calibration date Gases in confined space CONTAMINANT ALARM CONCENTRATIONS Oxygen <19.5% or >23% Carbon Monoxide 35 ppm Carbon Dioxide 5000 ppm H2S 10 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 3.0 ppm Chlorine 0.5 ppm Methane >10% LEL Ozone 0.1 ppm Combustible Gases 10% LEL Particulates >10% LEL 48 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

55 Entry without Respiratory Protection is Permitted if: Entry with Respiratory Protection if: Definitions The results of the atmospheric testing indicate: Oxygen between 19.5% and 23% No flammables/combustibles, 0% LFL/LEL Carbon Monoxide, CO lower than 25 ppm Hydrogen Sulfide, H2S lower than 10 ppm No toxics above the permissible dose: Benzene 0 ppm Total hydrocarbons lower than 300 ppm Other toxics below their permissible dose (see JSA) No acids or caustics (ph between 6 and 8) The results of the atmospheric testing indicate: Oxygen between 16.5% and 19.5% Flammables/combustibles, lower than 10% LFL/LEL Carbon monoxide, CO between 25 and 1200 ppm Hydrogen sulfide, H2S between 10 and 100 ppm Toxics between their permissible dose and their IDLH dose: Benzene between 0.5 and 500 ppm Temperature is between 37.8 C (100 0F) and 43.3 C (110 0F) Isolation Process by which permit space is removed from service & completely protected against release of energy & material into space by such means as: blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts; double block & bleed system; lockout or tag out of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 49

56 Safe work procedure To ensure safe working in a confined space, the following must be considered: an effective communication procedure to be put in place secure entry point from people and other things that might accidentally cross by resolve problems that might arise with designated personnel adhere to manufacturers instructions for equipment use and safe systems of work developed by employer find an immediate solution to any unsafe activity, equipment or condition that may arise monitor atmospheric conditions regularly control risks arising during working ensure constant use of appropriate PPE be alert to information from monitoring equipment and respond as required make work area safe upon completion of work complete documents required and have filed or passed to designated personnel as appropriate Communication Communication methods include: written verbal signalling telephone radio 50 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

57 Barriers to communication in a confined space Definitions Rescue & Emergency background noise echo from own sound while talking sound absorption by surrounding loss of communication signal/ frequency language communication codes inadequate training Isolation Process by which permit space is removed from service & completely protected against release of energy & material into space by such means as: blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts; double block & bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages Rescue service Personnel designated to rescue employees from permit spaces Note: rescue personnel may be industry emergency personnel, outside rescue service or combination of teams The following rescue equipment is needed for confined space rescue operations; Atmospheric monitors Ventillation equipment PPE Communication equipment Retrieval systems Extrication devices Lighting equipment Energy hazard controls Elevation rescue equipment Patient paxoginy devices Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 51

58 On site rescue procedures Prior to confined space entry. The entry supervisor will ensure that a rescue plan has been completed for the confined space and all the rescue equipment identified in the plan is available to effect a rescue in the confined space. The entry supervisor will ensure that an adequate number of appropriately trained persons ( as per the on site rescue plan) are available for immediate implementation of these on site rescue procedures that apply to the confined space. The entry supervisor will review all emergency procedures, including procedures relating to emergencies outside the confined space with all entrants and other related personnel The attendant establishes communication with all workers using the means described in the on-site rescue plan. On entry to confined space. The attendant stationed outside and near the confined space entrance, as describe in the on-site rescue plan, remains in constant communication with all workers inside the confined space. The attendant must be notified immediately if an entrant recognises; Unusual action or behaviour An un expected hazard An unsafe act or Detects a condition prohibited by the permit 52 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

59 On site rescue procedures Entrants must exit the confined space as quickly as possible, when: An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or entry supervisor. An entrant recognises a sign or symptom of over-exposure An unacceptable condition arises or An evacuation is activated In the event of a confined space rescue: The attendant does not enter the confined space but immediately summons a rescue response from the onsite rescue team, using the means of communication described in the on-site rescue plan Definitions Retrieval system Equipment (including retrieval line, chest or full-body harness, wristlets, if appropriate, & lifting device or anchor) used for non-entry rescue of persons from permit spaces Recap of session Questions Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 53

60 Lunch break 1 hour recess Practical session Time allocated: 2hrs Written exam Time: 30 mins Questions End 54 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

61 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 55

62 56 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

63 Level 2 Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces Sample Written Assessment Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 57

64 Level 2 Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces Paper A Time allocation: 1.5 hours General instructions Please write your name and the date in the space provided. Please write your answers in the space provided under the questions. Answer all 17 questions The mark for each question is allocated on the right. The pass mark is 65% - or 25 marks from the 39 available. 58 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

65 Candidate to complete: Full name: Date: Signature: Examination assessor to complete Mark obtained: Pass / Fail: Signature: Low Risk Paper A 1. The COSHH regulations refer to what substances? (1 mark) Answer: State two examples of a low risk confined space. (2 marks) Answer: State one atmospheric hazard that may be found in confined space and indicate if this hazard would be found at floor or roof level. (2 marks) Answer: Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 59

66 Practical Assessments The practical observation sheet must be handed to the assessor prior to the practical assessment. The sheet contains space for the assessor to record against five candidates at a time only. Following the practical assessment the assessor must complete with the candidate the individual candidate summary sheet. This sheet must be stored in the candidate s portfolio in preparation for sampling by the External Verifier. 60 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

67 Direct observation checklist multiple candidates Assessor name Location Date Activity Cand 1 initials 1. Obtain authorisation and health and safety information for entry, including job sheet, risk assessment, method statement and permit 2. Suitable PPE is available and compatible and is inspected, worn and used correctly 3. Check all relevant tools and equipment are available, compatible and are inspected, tested and used correctly and safely 4. Proceed to confined space, confirm entry points and implement safety zone to control access of people and vehicles around these points 5. Confirm hazards on risk assessment are identified and suitable control measures are in place. 6. Follow isolation procedures where appropriate 7. Confirm suitable gas monitors are available and checked properly; set up and use monitors correctly; interpret and act upon information obtained from monitors 8. Establish, test and operate communication system(s) that are suitable to the work situation. 9. Communicate with the designated person in accordance with the organisation s lone working procedures 10. Open entry point(s) to confined space (including those required for ventilation). Check atmosphere is safe Cand 2 initials Cand 3 initials Cand 4 initials Cand 5 initials or or or or or Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 61

68 Activity Cand 1 initials 11. Confirm that suitable mechanical ventilation has been established to the confined space if required. Check atmosphere is safe 12. Confirm there are no structural defects to fixed access equipment and no signs of abnormal conditions 13. Set up and inspect portable access equipment to make sure it is safe before using it 14. Confirm understanding of own role and responsibilities in relation to working in confined space 15. Follow correct hygiene procedures throughout the activity 16. Respond correctly to risks and hazards encountered throughout the exercise, ensuring suitable risk / hazard controls are put in place 17. Enter confined space safely 18. Follow employers safe working procedures and equipment manufacturers instructions throughout the activity 19. Without compromising safety, resolve any work problems as soon as they become visible (e.g. unsafe activity, tools / equipment, and environmental conditions) with the relevant individual or supervisor 20. Ensure tools and equipment are introduced into confined space safely, and used without danger to individuals at work or damage to the tools and equipment 21. Recognise the onset of a dangerous atmospheric condition (i.e. the gas monitor alarms) 22. Start emergency procedures immediately an emergency arises 23 Establish and maintain effective communication in an emergency with relevant control points Cand 2 initials Cand 3 initials Cand 4 initials Cand 5 initials or or or or or 62 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

69 Activity Cand 1 initials 24. Follow emergency procedures to exit safely from the confined space 25. Notify supervisor or relevant authorities of emergency situation by quickest means available 26 Maintain and if necessary extend the safety zone around the entry point 27. Ensure all tools and equipment are removed safely from the confined space, and that they are accounted for, cleaned, disinfected, examined, tested and stored without danger to individuals or damage to the tools and equipment. Complete appropriate records for use and maintenance of tools and equipment. 28 Close down and make the work area safe when work is finished. 29 Record and report details of the emergency incident and its circumstances to the relevant people or authorities, in the appropriate format 30 Make reports, complete all required documents and records and deposit them with the designated people 31. Show appropriate responses throughout the exercise to the working environment and stimuli encountered on site Cand 2 initials Cand 3 initials Cand 4 initials Cand 5 initials or or or or or Assessor s confirmation (initials) per candidate Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 63

70 Individual candidate summary sheet Candidate name Employer Centre name Centre number Assessor name Date Observation completed Met / not met Comments and Feedback Prepare to work safely in low risk confined spaces Enter and exit confined space safely Use equipment and tools safely and in accordance with manufacturers specifications Follow procedures and work safely Deal with emergencies Behaviour Knowledge assessment completed Met / not met Comments and Feedback Written paper Version A / Version B Assignment passed? Assessor signature Date Yes / No 64 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

71 Candidate assessment record Assessment feedback and result sheet Assessor comments (including confirmation of achievement, identification of gaps in performance or knowledge) Candidate feedback Candidate signature Date Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 65

72 I confirm that this assessment has been completed to the required standard and meets the requirements for validity, currency, authenticity and sufficiency for the Level 2 VRQ in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) Assessor s signature Date I confirm that the assignment work to which this result relates, is all my own work Candidate signature Date Internal verifier signature Date (if sampled) External verifier signature Date (if sampled) 66 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

73 Appendices Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 67

74 68 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

75 Appendix 1: Confined Space Entry Form SECTION "A" RVR Section A - To be completed by Permit Requester/Holder Section B - To be completed by responsible Permit Issuer Section C - To be completed by relevant parties as indicated Form valid From: Permit Requester: Facility: Name of Tank/Equipment to be entered: Reason For Entry: Date / / (dd/mm/yy) Time: To: Date / / Time: Company: Number of Workers: Previous Content of Tank/Equipment: Check Additional Forms Required: General Work Permit # Hot Work Form # JSA Required Excavation Form Electrical Form Other Note: A valid General Work Permit must always accompany this Confined Space Entry Form Gas Test Results Date (dd/mm/yy) Time % LEL % O2 H2S ppm Other Results Other Results Instrument / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Increased Gas Testing Frequency Required: List any Special Testing Requirements For Entry: TIME OUT List required Frequency for testing NAME Permit Number CS1001 AGT Initials Continuous Gas Test Required LIST OF PERSONS ENTERING THE CONFINED SPACE (attach entry log sheet to CSE Form if additional personnel required to enter) NAME TIME IN Confined Space Entry Form Equipment Number: TIME IN This Form to Be Displayed at Entry Point TIME OUT SECTION "B" The following are required in addition to those requirements listed on the associated General Work Permit Permit Issuer to Check items required below and once verified completed the responsible party to initial Form All provisions and requirements specified on the associated General Work Permit met Equipment positively isolated from all energy sources (e.g. blinds installed or spools removed, etc.) Respiratory protection required List type required: Approved Entry Watch located assigned to Entry Point Name: Fire Extinguisher(s) located at job site Temperature of confined space acceptable range for entry (< 37.8 C or 100 F) Ph is within acceptable range to allow safe entry (6-8 Ph) Mechanical ventilation in place and vented to a safe location Where applicable Pyrophoric iron precautions taken Lifeline required worn by personnel entering space Special PPE equipment and/or clothing required List: Area barricaded with warning signs installed Approved 2-way radio required on site Trained rescue personnel and rescue equipment on hand Confined space is under an inert atmosphere and restricted to entry by Contractor Specialized in inert entry Additional instructions, conditions and or requirements listed below have been met List below any additional hazards, equipment or site precautions, special requirements or instructions: SECTION "C" Approval and Acceptance Section My signature below indicates that I fully understand all requirements and conditions of this work permit. Permit Requestor/Holder: Date: / / (dd/mm/yy) Permit Issuer: Date: / / (dd/mm/yy) Additional Approval (if required): Date: / / (dd/mm/yy) Form Extension Section Confined Space Entry Form may be extended once from dayshift into night shift, but must be approved by that shifts Permit Authority Date: / / dd/mm/yy Extension Time From: (start) To: (Stop) Permit Issuer: Date signed: Permit Requester/Holder: Date signed: Confined Space Entry No Longer Required: Form Issue Date: January 2006 Date: (dd/mm/yy) Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 69

76 Appendix 2: Roles of confined space team 70 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

77 Appendix 3: Confined Space Regulations Citation, commencement and interpretation 1. Introductory Text 2. Citation, commencement and interpretation 3. Disapplication of Regulations 4. Duties 5. Work in confined spaces 6. Emergency arrangements 7. Exemption certificates 8. Defence in proceedings 9. Extension outside Great Britain 10. Repeal and revocations 11. Signature 12. SCHEDULE 13. Revocations 14. Explanatory Note (1) These Regulations may be cited as the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 and shall come into force on 28th January (2) In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires 18. confined space means any place, including any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well or other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk; 19. diving operation has the meaning assigned thereto by regulation 2(1) of the Diving Operations at Work Regulations 1981(1); 20. free flowing solid means any substance consisting of solid particles and which is of, or is capable of Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 71

78 being in, a flowing or running consistency, and includes flour, grain, sugar, sand or other similar material; 21. mine has the meaning assigned thereto by section 180 of the Mines and Quarries Act 1954(2); 22. specified risk means a risk of 23. (a) 24. serious injury to any person at work arising from a fire or explosion; 25. (b) 26. without prejudice to paragraph (a) 27. (i) 28. the loss of consciousness of any person at work arising from an increase in body temperature; 29. (ii) 30. the loss of consciousness or asphyxiation of any person at work arising from gas, fume, vapour or the lack of oxygen; 31. (c) 32. the drowning of any person at work arising from an increase in the level of a liquid; or 33. (d) 34. the asphyxiation of any person at work arising from a free flowing solid or the inability to reach a respirable environment due to entrapment by a free flowing solid; 35. system of work includes the provision of suitable equipment which is in good working order. 36. Disapplication of Regulations These Regulations shall not apply to or in relation to 38. (a)the master or crew of a sea-going ship or to the employer of such persons in respect of the normal ship-board activities carried out solely by a ship s crew under the direction of the master; or 39. (b)any place below ground in a mine; or 40. (c)any diving operation to and in relation to which the Diving Operations at Work Regulations 1981 apply by virtue of regulation 3 of those Regulations. 41. Duties (1) Every employer shall 43. (a)ensure compliance with the provisions of these Regulations in respect of any work carried out by his employees; and 44. (b)ensure compliance, so far as is reasonably practicable, with the provisions of these Regulations in respect of any work carried out by persons other than his employees insofar as the provisions relate to matters which are within his control. 45. (2) Every self-employed person shall 46. (a)comply with the provisions of these Regulations in respect of his own work; and 72 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

79 47. (b)ensure compliance, so far as is reasonably practicable, with the provisions of these Regulations in respect of any work carried out by other persons insofar as the provisions relate to matters which are within his control. 48. Work in confined spaces (1) No person at work shall enter a confined space to carry out work for any purpose unless it is not reasonably practicable to achieve that purpose without such entry. 50. (2) Without prejudice to paragraph (1) above, so far as is reasonably practicable, no person at work shall enter or carry out any work in or (other than as a result of an emergency) leave a confined space otherwise than in accordance with a system of work which, in relation to any relevant specified risks, renders that work safe and without risks to health. 51. Emergency arrangements (1) Without prejudice to regulation 4 of these Regulations, no person at work shall enter or carry out work in a confined space unless there have been prepared in respect of that confined space suitable and sufficient arrangements for the rescue of persons in the event of an emergency, whether or not arising out of a specified risk. 53. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (1) above, the arrangements referred to in that paragraph shall not be suitable and sufficient unless 54. (a)they reduce, so far as is reasonably practicable, the risks to the health and safety of any person required to put the arrangements for rescue into operation; and 55. (b)they require, where the need for resuscitation of any person is a likely consequence of a relevant specified risk, the provision and maintenance of such equipment as is necessary to enable resuscitation procedures to be carried out. 56. (3) Whenever there arises any circumstance to which the arrangements referred to in paragraph (1) above relate, those arrangements, or the relevant part or parts of those arrangements, shall immediately be put into operation. 57. Exemption certificates (1) Subject to paragraph (2) below, the Health and Safety Executive may, by a certificate in writing, exempt 59. (a)any person or class of persons; or 60. (b)any type or class of confined space, 61. from the application of any of the requirements or prohibitions imposed by these Regulations, and any such exemption may be granted subject to conditions and to a limit of time and may be revoked at any time by the said Executive by a further certificate in writing. 62. (2) The Executive shall not grant any such exemption unless, having regard to the circumstances of the case, and in particular to 63. (a)the conditions, if any, which it proposes to attach to the exemption; and Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 73

80 64. (b)any other requirements imposed by or under any enactments which apply to the case, 65. it is satisfied that the health and safety of persons who are likely to be affected by the exemption will not be prejudiced in consequence of it. 66. Defence in proceedings (1) In any proceedings for an offence for a contravention of regulation 5(3) of these Regulations it shall be a defence for the person charged to prove 68. (a)that the contravention was due to the act or default of another person not being one of his employees (hereinafter called the other person ); and 69. (b)that he took all reasonable precautions and exercised all due diligence to avoid the contravention. 70. (2) The person charged shall not, without leave of the court, be entitled to rely on the defence referred to in paragraph (1) above unless, within a period ending seven clear days 71. (a)before the hearing to determine mode of trial, where the proceedings are in England or Wales; or 72. (b)before the trial, where the proceedings are in Scotland, 73. he has served on the prosecutor a notice in writing giving such information identifying or assisting in the identification of the other person as was then in his possession. 74. (3) Where a contravention of the provision referred to in paragraph (1) above by any person is due to the act or default of some other person, that other person shall be guilty of the offence which would, but for any defence under this regulation available to the first-mentioned person, be constituted by the act or default. 75. Extension outside Great Britain These Regulations shall, subject to regulation 2 above, apply to and in relation to the premises and activities outside Great Britain to which sections 1 to 59 and 80 of the 1974 Act apply by virtue of paragraphs (a), (b), (d) and (e) of article 8 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (Application Outside Great Britain) Order 1995(1) as they apply within Great Britain but they shall not apply in any case where at the relevant time article 4, 5, 6 or 7 of the said Order applies. 77. Repeal and revocations (1) Section 30 of the Factories Act 1961(1) is hereby repealed. 79. (2) The instruments set out in column 1 of the Schedule to these Regulations are hereby revoked to the extent shown in column 3 of the said Schedule. 80. Signed by authority of the Secretary of State 81. Angela Eagle 82. Parliamentary Under Secretary of State,Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions th July Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( )

81 Level 2 Award in Working in Low Risk Confined Spaces ( ) 75

82 A world Level of 2 skilled Award and in Working empowered in Low workforce Risk Confined Spaces ( )