Newton s Triple Play Explore

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1 5E Lesson: Explore Newton s Triple Play Explore Stations (80 minutes) Students will explore how forces affect the motion of objects in the following stations. Station : Baseball Forces Baseball Space to roll and throw the ball Students will draw a force diagram for the following situations. Baseball sitting still. Baseball rolling on the ground. Rolling baseball hitting a wall or other obstacle 4. Baseball being thrown 5. Baseball in the air 6. Baseball being caught Station : Inertia Challenges Soda or water bottle Index card Penny 8-0 pennies Plastic knife Students will perform one or both of the following inertia challenges.. Make a stack of 8 to 0 pennies. Remove the bottom coin from a stack using only a plastic knife without knocking over the rest of the stack.. Place a coin on an index card on top of a bottle. Get the coin in the bottle using just one finger. Station : Tug of War Rope

2 5E Lesson: Explore Two students will pull on each end of the rope to keep it straight. One student stands near the middle of the rope and pushes down to make the rope not straight. Students are challenged to figure out how to make the rope straight while the one in the middle pushes down. Students will make a force diagram of the forces on the rope. Station 4: Sweet Spot Hammer Bat (if possible, a wooden bat and a metal bat) Students will find the sweet spot on a baseball bat. Hold the bat by the handle as if getting ready to bat and have partner tap the bat where the ball would hit the bat. The sweet spot is where the bat does not push or pull on the hands holding the bat. They can compare wood and aluminum bats. Build it (80 minutes) Various balls (Ping pong ball, golf ball, baseball etc.) Scissors Tape Building supplies such as cardboard, sticks, straws, rubber bands, string or anything else you have handy.

3 5E Lesson: Explore Challenge the students to work in groups of or 4 to build a machine that delivers a consistent force to a ball so that it rolls across the floor. Scaffold the process using the Engineering Design Process and the Build It student handout Feel fee to add restrictions for space, materials and time as needed. Problem: Build a machine that delivers a consistent force to a ball so that it rolls across the floor Research: What is a force? How can a force be used to move a ball? Brainstorm: Come up with at least ideas for solving the problem. Draw pictures or describe the idea with words. Plan: Select one idea to build. Draw and label a diagram. List the materials and tools you will need. What type of balls will the machine move? Get approval from the teacher before moving to the next step. Create: Build the machine. Make adjustments to the plan as needed. Test: Use the machine to apply a force to a ball. Measure how far the ball rolls. Repeat this at least 5 times. Does the ball roll the same distance each time? Improve: If needed improve the machine so that the force on the ball is more consistent. Investigate (0 minutes) Build it Force Machines Various balls Scale (to measure mass in grams) Rulers, meter sticks or tape measures Students will use the machine to apply a force to at least balls of different masses. They will measure the distance each ball rolls and use a scale to measure the mass of each ball. Students will graph the mass versus the distance rolled to determine how mass and distance are related for a constant force. Data can be recorded and graphed on the Investigate student handout.

4 Build It: Student Handout Station 4: Build It Newton s Triple Play: Student Handout Problem: Build a machine that delivers a consistent force to a ball so that it rolls across the floor. Research: What is a force? How can a force be used to move a ball? Brainstorm: Come up with at least ideas for solving the problem. Draw pictures or describe the idea with words. Use extra paper if needed.

5 Build It: Student Handout Plan: Select one idea to build. Draw and label a diagram. Make a list of the materials and tools you will need. What types of balls will the machine apply a force to? Get approval from the teacher before moving to the next step. Create: Build the machine. Make adjustments to the plan as needed. Test: Use the machine to apply a force to a ball. Measure how far the ball rolls. Repeat the test at least 5 times. Does the ball roll the same distance each time? 4 5

6 Build It: Student Handout Improve: If needed improve the machine so that the force on the ball is more consistent.

7 Investigate It: Student Handout Station 4: Investigate Newton s Triple Play: Student Handout How does a consistent force affect the motion of balls with different masses? Use your machine to apply a force to balls with 4 different masses. Ball Type of Ball Mass = grams Ball Type of Ball Mass = grams Average Average Ball Type of Ball Mass = grams Average Ball 4 Type of Ball Mass = grams Average

8 Investigate It: Student Handout Analysis Graph the mass versus the average distance below or on a computer. Don t forget to label the axes.

9 Conclusion Based on your data and graph, how are mass and distance related for a constant force? Newton s Triple Play Investigate It: Student Handout

Experimental Procedure

Experimental Procedure 1 of 15 9/13/2018, 12:47 PM https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/sports_p060/sports-science/physics-of-baseball-hit-charts (http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fairprojects/project-ideas/sports_p060/sports-science/physics-of-baseball-hit-charts)

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