Haynes 214 (UNS N07214)

Transcription

1 Haynes 214 (UNS N07214) Haynes 214 is a Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Aluminum alloy that offers elevated temperature oxidation resistance up to 1750oF. It is a wrought heat resistant alloy that is used in electronic devices, ceramics, catalytic converters and hospital incinerators. 214 alloy has become popular for its excellent oxidation resistance. The honeycomb seals are made of thin 214 foil and are utilized to avoid leakage between the different levels in the gas turbine engines. These seals also increase the engine s efficiency. The flamehood made of Haynes 214 alloy performs for 16 months whereas other nickel alloys need replacement after only three to four months. In the automotive products industry, alloy 214 s components are directly kept in contact of flame for long time. The alloy 214 s burner can operate longer from very low to high temperatures between 55oF to 2000oF even after 2000 cycles. Chemical Composition Nickel (Ni) 75 % Chromium (Cr) 16 % Aluminum (Al) 4.5 % Iron (Fe) 3 % Manganese (Mn) below 0.50 % Silicon (Si) below 0.20 % Zirconium (Zr) below 0.10 % Carbon 0.05 % Yttrium (Y) 0.01 % Boron (B) below % Physical Properties Density : lb/inch3 at room temp or 8.05 g/cm3 or 1355 to 1400oC

2 Melting temp : 2475of to 2550 of or 1355oC to 1400oC Electric Resistivity Temperature µω-inch µω-cm 200 of 100 oc of 200 oc of 300 oc of 400 oc of 500 oc of 600 oc of 700 oc of 800 oc of 900 oc of 1000 oc of 1050 oc of 1100 oc of 1150 oc oc Thermal Conductivity Temperature Btu-inch/ft2.hr-oF W/m-K 200 of 100 oc of 200 oc of 300 oc of 400 oc of 500 oc of 600 oc of 700 oc of 800 oc of 900 oc of 1000 oc of 1050 oc of 1100 oc of 1150 oc oc Specific Heat Capacity 36.7 Temperature BTU/lb-oF J/Kg-K Room temp Room temp of 100 oc of 200 oc of 300 oc of 400 oc of 500 oc of 600 oc of 700 oc of 800 oc of 900 oc of 1000 oc of 1100 oc

3 2200 of 1200 oc of oc µinches/inch-of m/m-oc 70 of to 400 of 25 oc to 200 oc of to 600 of 25 oc to 300 oc of to 800 of 25 oc to 400 oc of to 1000 of 25 oc to 500 oc of to 1200 of 25 oc to 600 oc of to 1400 of 25 oc to 700 oc of to 1600 of 25 oc to 800 oc of to 1800 of 25 oc to 900 oc of to 2000 of 25 oc to 1000 oc oc to 1100 oc 20.2 Temperature X 10(6) psi GPa of oc Room temp Room temp of 100 oc of 200 oc of 300 oc of 400 oc of 500 oc of 600 oc of 700 oc of 800 oc of 900 oc oc 137 Oxidation resistance Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Corrosion Resistance Haynes 214 offers outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures up to 1750oF and higher that is incomparable by other heat resistant alloys. It can be utilized in the prolonged continuous exposure to combustion gases or air at temperatures about 2300oF and for short term exposure even at high temperatures. The significant oxidation resistance is observed at high temperatures up to 2400oF. Alloy Average corrosion rate, time 1008 hours 1800of or 980oC 2000oF or 1095 oc 2100of or 1150oC 2200of or 1205oC Mils µm Mils µm Mils µm Mils µm Alloy Mils 5 µm 0.1 Mils 3 µm 0.3 Mils 8 µm 0.7 Mils 18 µm Alloy Mils 18 µm 1.3 Mils 33 µm 3.4 Mils 86 µm 7.9 Mils 201 µm Inconel Mils 23 µm 1.6 Mils 41 µm 2.9 Mils 74 µm 8.4 Mils 213 µm Inconel Mils 33 µm 2.6 Mils 66 µm 5.3 Mils 135 µm 7.5 Mils 191 µm Alloy RA Mils 109 µm 6.7 Mils 170 µm 8.7 Mils 221 µm - - Incoloy 800H 1.8 Mils 46 µm 7.4 Mils 188 µm 8.9 Mils 226 µm 13.6 Mils 289 µm SS Mils 58 µm 14.5 Mils 368 µm >21.7 Mils >551 µm >23.3 Mils >592 µm SS Mils 363 µm >68.4 Mils >1737 µm >105 Mils >2667 µm >140.4 Mils >3566 µm

4 Relative oxidation in running air at 2100oF or 1150oC The microstructures are observed when alloy 214 is set for 1008 hours at temperatures up to 2100oF running at the speed of 7.0 feet per minute. The specimens are descaled through cathodical charging the material when they are kept in a molten salt solution. The weight loss is analyzed. Reports show that Haynes 214 is slightly affected by the corrosion whereas other nickel-chromium alloys like Inconel 600 alloy and Inconel 601 alloy and FeCrAl alloys are rigorously oxidized. Of specific importance is the complete absence of Internal attack on Haynes 214 alloy. This difference is noticed with the slight content of internal attack described by Inconel 601 and FeCrAl alloy analysis. This type of internal attack shown in photomicrographs is common in alloys that have aluminum or silicon by 1-2%. The levels of these constituents improve chromium oxide scale adherence but do not have enhanced oxidation resistance. Alloy 1800oF or 980oC for 1000 hours 2000of or 1095oC for 500 hours Metal reduction Metal attacked Metal reduction Metal attacked Mils µm Mils µm Mils µm Mils µm Alloy Mils 10 µm 1 Mils 25 µm 0.5 Mils 13 µm 1.2 Mils 30 µm Alloy Mils 20 µm 2.8 Mils 71 µm 2.2 Mils 56 µm 5.2 Mils 132 µm Alloy X 2.7 Mils 69 µm 5.6 Mils 142 µm 9 Mils 229 µm 12.9 Mils 328 µm Alloy RA Mils 198 µm 11.8 Mils 300 µm 10.9 Mils 277 µm 12.9 Mils 328 µm Alloy Mils 312 µm 14.4 Mils 366 µm 17.2 Mils 437 µm 19.5 Mils 495 µm Alloy 800H 12.3 Mils 312 µm 14.5 Mils 368 µm 30.5 Mils 775 µm 33.4 Mils 848 µm SS Mils 348 µm 16.2 Mils 411 µm 21.2 Mils 538 µm 23.7 Mils 602 µm Inconel Mils 76 µm 18.8 Mils 478 µm 10.7 Mils 272 µm Above 24 Mils Above 610 µm Carburization Resistance Haynes 214 alloy offers high resistance to carburization as in packed graphite exposure analysis and combined exposure tests. The carbon absorption evaluated for Haynes 214 alloy after 500 hours in packed graphite at 1800oF is very nominal. While excellent corrosion resistance is received by Haynes alloy, other alloys are analyzed significantly with more carbon absorption. Certainly the carburization resistance of Haynes 214 is more than the stainless steel grades. Resistance to Chlorine Bearing Conditions Haynes 214 alloy offers excellent resistance to corrosion in the elevated temperature, chlorine contaminated oxidized conditions. This is certainly clear for exposures at temperatures at or exceeding 1800oF where the creation of alumina rich security oxide layer is preferential. The results are described for 400 hour exposures in a running gas mixture of Argon, 20% oxygen and 0.25% chlorine. The metal loss attained by Haynes 214 is nominal as compared to other alloys analyzed. Haynes 214 alloy has also been examined in the conditions with higher chlorine contamination providing better performance.

5 Nitridation Resistance However Haynes 214 is not much resistant to the nitriding conditions at 1000oF to 1200oF, it attains excellent resistance at the elevated temperatures where its security alumina layer can be produced in fact in the nominal oxygen concentration. The analyses are conducted in the running ammonia at different temperatures from 1200oF to 2000oF for 168 hours. The Nitrogen absorption is evaluated by technical evaluation of specimen prior and subsequent to exposure. The following table shows the nitrogen absorption (mg/cm2) by different alloys: Absorption of nitrogen (mg / cm2) Alloy 1200of or 650oC 1800of or 980 oc 2000of or 1095oC Alloy mg / cm2 0.3 mg / cm2 0.2 mg / cm2 Inconel mg / cm2 0.9 mg / cm2 0.3 mg / cm2 Inconel mg / cm2 1.2 mg / cm2 2.6 mg / cm2 Alloy mg / cm2 1.4 mg / cm2 1.5 mg / cm2 Inconel mg / cm2 2.5 mg / cm2 3.3 mg / cm2 Hastelloy X 1.7 mg / cm2 3.2 mg / cm2 3.8 mg / cm2 Incoloy 800H 4.3 mg / cm2 4 mg / cm2 5.5 mg / cm2 SS mg / cm2 7.7 mg / cm2 9.5 mg / cm2 Mechanical Properties Tensile properties of Cold processed and solution annealed sheet Test temp Tensile Strength Yield strength, 0.2 % offset Elongation, 2 inch of oc Ksi MPa Ksi Mpa % RT RT Ksi 995 MPa 87.6 Ksi 605 Mpa 36.8 % 1000 of 540 oc Ksi 865 MPa 78.9 Ksi 545 Mpa 40.4 % 1200 of 650 oc Ksi 815 MPa 81.1 Ksi 559 Mpa 25.5 % 1400 of 760 oc 102 Ksi 705 MPa 78.8 Ksi 543 Mpa 16.3 % 1600 of 870 oc 58.2 Ksi 400 MPa 45 Ksi 310 Mpa 15.4 % 1800 of 980 oc 15.2 Ksi 105 MPa 7.8 Ksi 54 Mpa 61.3 % 2000 of 1095 oc 8.4 Ksi 58 MPa 3.9 Ksi 27 Mpa 61 % 2100 of 1150 oc 4.6 Ksi 32 MPa 1.8 Ksi 12 Mpa 89.2 % 2200 of 1205 oc 4.4 Ksi 30 MPa 1.3 Ksi 9 Mpa 74.8 % Hot processed and solution annealed plate Test temp Tensile Strength Yield strength, 0.2 % offset Elongation, 2 inch of oc Ksi MPa Ksi MPa % RT RT Ksi Ksi 1000 of 540 oc 120 Ksi Ksi of 650 oc Ksi Ksi 1400 of 760 oc 94.4 Ksi Ksi

6 1600 of 870 oc 66.4 Ksi Ksi of 980 oc 16.7 Ksi Ksi of 1095 oc 9 Ksi Ksi of 1150 oc 6.6 Ksi Ksi of 1205 oc 5 Ksi Ksi Creep & Stress Rupture Properties Temp Creep, Mean initial Stress of oc % 10 hours 100 hours 1,000 hours 10,000 hours Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa 1400 of 760 oc 0.5 % 37.2 Ksi 255 Mpa 27.5 Ksi 190 Mpa 20.4 Ksi 140 Mpa 15.1 Ksi 105 Mpa 1400 of 760 oc 1 % 39.8 Ksi 275 Mpa 29.5 Ksi 205 Mpa 21.9 Ksi 150 Mpa 16.2 Ksi 110 Mpa 1400 of 760 oc rupture 47.9 Ksi 330 Mpa 33.9 Ksi 235 Mpa 24 Ksi 165 Mpa 17 Ksi 115 Mpa 1500 of 815 oc 0.5 % 23.4 Ksi 160 Mpa 17.4 Ksi 120 Mpa 12.9 Ksi 89 Mpa 9.6 Ksi 66 Mpa 1500 of 815 oc 1 % 26.3 Ksi 180 Mpa 18.6 Ksi 130 Mpa 13.5 Ksi 93 Mpa 9.8 Ksi 68 Mpa 1500 of 815 oc rupture 30.2 Ksi 210 Mpa 20.9 Ksi 145 Mpa 14.5 Ksi 100 Mpa 10 Ksi 69 Mpa 1600 of 870 oc 0.5 % 13.8 Ksi 95 Mpa 9.6 Ksi 66 Mpa 6.5 Ksi 45 Mpa 4.3 Ksi 30 Mpa 1600 of 870 oc 1 % 15.9 Ksi 110 Mpa 10.5 Ksi 72 Mpa 6.8 Ksi 47 Mpa 4.4 Ksi 30 Mpa 1600 of 870 oc rupture 22.4 Ksi 155 Mpa 13.2 Ksi 91 Mpa 7.8 Ksi 54 Mpa 4.5 Ksi 31 Mpa 1700 of 925 oc 0.5 % 7.6 Ksi 52 Mpa 4.7 Ksi 32 Mpa 2.9 Ksi 20 Mpa 1.8 Ksi 12 Mpa 1700 of 925 oc 1 % 8.3 Ksi 57 Mpa 5.1 Ksi 35 Mpa 3.1 Ksi 21 Mpa 1.9 Ksi 13 Mpa 1700 of 925 oc rupture 11 Ksi 76 Mpa 6.5 Ksi 45 Mpa 3.9 Ksi 27 Mpa 2.3 Ksi 16 Mpa 1800 of 900 oc 0.5 % 2.1 Ksi 14 Mpa 1.3 Ksi 9 Mpa 0.87 Ksi 6 Mpa 0.57 Ksi 3.9 Mpa 1800 of 900 oc 1 % 2.3 Ksi 16 Mpa 1.5 Ksi 10 Mpa 0.96 Ksi 6.6 Mpa 0.63 Ksi 4.3 Mpa 1800 of 900 oc rupture 3.7 Ksi 26 Mpa 2.5 Ksi 17 Mpa 1.7 Ksi 12 Mpa 1.2 Ksi 8.3 Mpa 1900 of 1040 oc 0.5 % 1.2 Ksi 8.3 Mpa 0.69 Ksi 4.8 Mpa 0.41 Ksi 2.8 Mpa 0.24 Ksi 1.7 Mpa 1900 of 1040 oc 1 % 1.4 Ksi 9.7 Mpa 0.84 Ksi 5.8 Mpa 0.50 Ksi 3.4 Mpa 0.30 Ksi 2.1 Mpa 1900 of 1040 oc rupture 3.2 Ksi 22 Mpa 2 Ksi 14 Mpa 1.2 Ksi 8.3 Mpa 0.76 Ksi 5.2 Mpa 2000 of 1095 oc 0.5 % 0.72 Ksi 5 Mpa 0.41 Ksi 2.8 Mpa 0.24 Ksi 1.7 Mpa 0.14 Ksi 1 Mpa 2000 of 1095 oc 1 % 0.90 Ksi 6.2 Mpa 0.53 Ksi 3.7 Mpa 0.31 Ksi 2.1 Mpa 0.18 Ksi 1.2 Mpa 2000 of 1095 oc rupture 2.2 Ksi 15 Mpa 1.4 Ksi 9.7 Mpa 0.92 Ksi 6.3 Mpa 0.59 Ksi 4.1 Mpa Haynes 214 attains moderate room temperature ductility after prolonged thermal exposure at the moderate temperatures. Precipitation of gamma prime phase occurs while exposure lower than 1750oF with nominal chromium enriched carbides. The exposure of alloy at the temperature more than 1700oF gives minor effect on its features but crucial grain development can occur at temperature more than 2000oF. RT tensile properties of Alloy 214 Sheet Thermal Stability Test temp hours Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation, of oc Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa % 1400 of 760 oc Ksi 975 Mpa 89.4 Ksi 615 Mpa 37.3 % 1400 of 760 oc Ksi 1085 Mpa Ksi 720 Mpa 27.6 % 1400 of 760 oc Ksi 1090 Mpa Ksi 715 Mpa 26.1 % 1400 of 760 oc Ksi 1080 Mpa 98.3 Ksi 680 Mpa 27.1 %

7 1600 of 870 oc Ksi 975 Mpa 89.4 Ksi 615 Mpa 37.3 % 1600 of 870 oc Ksi 965 Mpa 81.6 Ksi 565 Mpa 35 % 1600 of 870 oc Ksi 935 Mpa 76.9 Ksi 530 Mpa 35.1 % 1600 of 870 oc Ksi 915 Mpa 71.6 Ksi 495 Mpa 39.9 % 1800 of 980 oc Ksi 975 Mpa 89.4 Ksi 615 Mpa 37.3 % 1800 of 980 oc Ksi 950 Mpa 84.6 Ksi 585 Mpa 38 % 1800 of 980 oc Ksi 950 Mpa 84.7 Ksi 585 Mpa 34.2 % 1800 of 980 oc Ksi 965 Mpa 87.9 Ksi 605 Mpa 35.2 % Influence of cold reduction on RT tensile properties Cold reduction % Annealing temp Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation, 2 inch Hardness Ksi Mpa Ksi Mpa % Rc 0 % None Ksi 1000 Mpa 86.2 Ksi 595 Mpa 36.3 % 24.3 Rc 10 % Ksi 1100 Mpa Ksi 840 Mpa 22.5 % 33.8 Rc 20 % Ksi 1215 Mpa Ksi 1025 Mpa 12.9 % 37.6 Rc 30 % Ksi 1340 Mpa Ksi 1170 Mpa 8.1 % 40.6 Rc 40 % Ksi 1440 Mpa Ksi 1265 Mpa 5.3 % 42.4 Rc 50 % Ksi 1515 Mpa Ksi 1335 Mpa 4 % 43 Rc 0 % 1800of or % 982oC for Ksi 1015 Mpa 90.8 Ksi 625 Mpa 33.1 % 27.4 Rc 20 % five Ksi 1035 Mpa 89.9 Ksi 620 Mpa 33.7 % 24.9 Rc 30 % minutes Ksi 1075 Mpa 94.2 Ksi 650 Mpa 33.5 % 27.1 Rc 40 % Ksi 1065 Mpa 92.5 Ksi 640 Mpa 33.7 % 27.9 Rc 50 % Ksi 1090 Mpa 95.1 Ksi 655 Mpa 33.7 % 29.3 Rc 0 % 1900of or % 1038oC Ksi 1005 Mpa 83.6 Ksi 575 Mpa 36.2 % 24.3 Rc 20 % for Ksi 1030 Mpa 88.5 Ksi 610 Mpa 34.6 % 25.1 Rc 30 % minutes Ksi 1045 Mpa 91.8 Ksi 635 Mpa 33.3 % 24 Rc 40 % Ksi 1060 Mpa 95.2 Ksi 655 Mpa 32.9 % 24.3 Rc 50 % 152 Ksi 1050 Mpa 90.3 Ksi 625 Mpa 32.3 % 24.4 Rc 0 % 2000oF or % 1093oC Ksi 990 Mpa 84.8 Ksi 585 Mpa 36.4 % 22.9 Rc 20 % for Ksi 1005 Mpa 87.2 Ksi 600 Mpa 34.4 % 24 Rc 30 % minutes Ksi 1010 Mpa 84.5 Ksi 585 Mpa 36.5 % 24.5 Rc 40 % Ksi 1015 Mpa 86.1 Ksi 595 Mpa 36.5 % 22.5 Rc 50 % Ksi 1020 Mpa 86.8 Ksi 600 Mpa 34.7 % 23.3 Rc Fabrication Haynes 214 is similar in various aspects to the concentrated aluminum containing nickel base alloys that are age toughened through moderate temperature heat processing. When subjected at temperature between 1100oF to 1700oF, Haynes 214 becomes age hardenable due to the production of secondary phase gamma prime. It also causes considerable deduction in the moderate and low temperature tensile ductility. Due to this, alloy 214 is prone to strain age cracking under high stress, restrain, welded parts slightly heated at

8 moderate temperature limits. This nature is similar as attained by high aluminum and titanium content superalloys like Waspaloy or R-41 alloys. The thing to reduce this issue is to minimize the weldment restraint by suitable component design and heat quickly up to 1100oF to 1700oF temperature limit while post formation heat processing. Except the above factor, alloy 214 attains excellent forging and welding properties. It can be forged or hot processed by keeping at 2100oF for a time adequate to bring the whole piece to temperature. The room temperature tensile ductility is sufficient to permit the material to be forged through cold processing. The cold or hot worked components are annealed and quenched quickly to restore the good balance of features. Alloy 214 can be welded by following different methods such as gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding. Welding Features Haynes 214 is readily welded through gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding methods. The submerged arc welding is not preferred as this process is featured with large heat input to the base metal and slow cooling of the weld. These aspects can improve weld restraint and increase cracking. Base Metal Preparation The joint surface and adjacent area should be completely cleaned prior to welding. The grease, oil, crayon stains, sulfur compounds and other foreign materials should be completely removed. It is recommended that the alloy should be in the solution annealed condition when welded. Filler Metal Similar composition filler metal is preferred for welding of Haynes 214. For shielded metal arc welding, Hastelloy X electrodes are preferred. For unlike metal welding of Haynes 214 alloy to nickel or cobalt base materials, 230-W TM filler metal will commonly be a good option but Hastelloy S alloy or Hastelloy W alloy welding product can be utilized. For unlike welding or iron base alloys, 556 filler metal is preferred. Preheating of Hastelloy 214 is not preferred when the welding base metal is at more than 32oF. Interpass temperature limit is kept small. The primary cooling techniques can be used among weld passes as required offering the methods that do not introduce foreign material. Post weld heat processing is not preferred for alloy 214. Minor welding parameters are based on the welding conditions. Available Forms Wire, Sheet, Foil, Plate, Strip, Mesh