M: Could you please introduce yourself for us? When were you born? M. Do you have any information about Thulamela and Makahane?

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "M: Could you please introduce yourself for us? When were you born? M. Do you have any information about Thulamela and Makahane?"

Transcription

1 Interview with Mr. Freddie Mukosi Munzhelele, outside the house of his son in the village This took place on June 4, 2004 in the morning outside his home. Madzhuta, Leonard, Lindsay, and Lynn were talking to Freddie. M: Could you please introduce yourself for us? When were you born? F: I was born at Madolilo Mountain near Mabweni. M. Do you have any information about Thulamela and Makahane? F: I have very little information. But Makahane was a very cruel chief, the cruelest around. For example, he made 6 old men take a cow skin in their teeth and stand there till the hide has dried. He made people work in the sun no matter how long it took, no matter how hot. He was so cruel. They call it now Bando-lamakahane, which means cruel treatment now in Venda. There was no rest. He used to send people down the hill, another would be holding a chain, they would be looking for birds called Malidzavhana. If the birds were not fully grown and couldn t be taken, the king would let the man on the chain fall into the river where he would die, or be eaten. M: Who built the walls at Makahane? They re still standing. F: My people built the walls. M: If I did something wrong, the chief might make me build them if I did something wrong? F: Not really, sometimes the chief can invite all men to help build them. But also some men could be made build the walls as a punishment. M: The time you worked at the royal kraal could you see the chief? F: Sometimes he would come out if there was something really important. M: How many wives did he have? F: I don t know, but plenty. M: Why did the old chiefs always want to stay at the hilltop? F: They want to see things in the distance. Maybe during the war, we can hide all our wives and children. More than 10 to 20 were there watching. If people were cowards we would have time to run away as well.

2 M: Is Madolilo inside KNP jurisdiction? F: I was born into the royal family. There was a lot of taboos. Madolilo is now inside the park, yes. I am the son of the headman under the chief of Phiriphri Tshivhase. M: Did the chief come and visit you? F: not really, because it was a big area. The headmen used to visit him at his kraal. M: Have you ever worked at Kruger National Park? F: I worked for a time at the 10 feet high fence. M: Who was the park manager at the time? F: Skukuza. M: Why the name Skukuza? F. He is the one who steals M. When did you move? F: A long time ago. M: At Thulamela there is this excavation with the bones being removed. Do you think this is allowed by Venda tradition? F: As you know, a chief must be buried in his palace. During those days after the death of the chief, he was put in his palace for 6 months. The posts were laid down and the body was put on top, covered with blankets. They put clay pots underneath, the fats from the body would be collected and smeared onto the son who was to succeed him. After he died, there is no hole left in the house, so no smell escapes. Then after the son is chief he makes his own palace. But the dead chief s palace must be opened by the son with the dead chief s half-sister. M: Who used to stay at Thulamela? F: The people are Makahane family. They moved to the other site (Makahane) after a fight with the Shangaan people from Mozambique. After a fight they left. Thulamela and Makahane are the same people.

3 L: During the excavation, the Doctor said the chief was stabbed with a spear. Do you know how Makahane died? F: I don t know. M: Do you sometimes visit your ruins? F: I haven t gone there, there are laws restricting me from walking around the park. M: We are responsible for people coming into the park, to conduct their ceremonies and come into the park. There is no problem. F: People always say we will go to visit. I am not really worrying about it, but the family talks about it. M: The environmental center at Punda Maria. There is a lot of excavation at Thulamela, bones, gold, eggshell, gongs so you want them there for the children to see. Do you think it is important for them to be on display? F: During the olden days it wasn t really allowed. But we are living in a world of changes. The children should know, even the government should know whats going on. M: When coming to this ritual ceremony, when did you do them? F: Depends on the ancestors, they tell us when we are supposed to conduct it. After the harvesting, I have to share something with my ancestors form the field. Around August. Maybe on a spot where the ceremony is, it requires cattle to be there, you can take it out of the kraal. Just leave it there, not slaughter it, just leave it. L: Because you are part of the royal family, its not possible for the chief to be installed before you are married? Correct? F: Yes, a chief can be installed. But getting a wife must be done quickly once he is installed if he is not yet married. His father s sister and his father s younger brother can find him a wife. He cannot marry from the commoners, it must be from a royal family. M: What if you do not like this woman? F: It was a rare situation. M: Did you have any of the excavation at Thulamela explained to you?

4 F: No, none of this was explained to me. But I did visit in Thulamela when the bones were being taken out. I saw them when they were on the side M: Do you know what an archaeologist is? F: No. L: Since this bones have been removed, did they (the archaeologists) pour snuff (an offering) in order to tell the ancestors? F: According to tradition it should have been done, but because it was performed by white people, it wasn t done. M: Last month around Skukuza and the contractor was working. Bones were exposed during work and first a man poured a snuff down (tobacco) on the ground. F: Not everybody were involved in the project, and if people really knew they might have done it. It was only whites and a few other people. L: What about the 3 big monoliths at Thulamela? They were there for protection. F: A chief must have its own traditional healer (Nga in Venda) who must be close to the royal family. He can help other people too. The chief shouldn t get medication close by, but go far away. L: Was the chief allowed to stay with his younger brothers at Thulamela? F: Yes, a chief shouldn t be separated from his brothers. Near where the court was the younger brothers used to stay. M: Where did the commoners stay? F: Very few were up the top, most were in the valley. During that time there were not plenty as we are today. M: What is KNP doing in terms of land claims, allowing people to visit their sites, is it a god thing? F: Its very good. It s a good idea to let people go back and visit. If they can say go back and stay where you used to live that would be a good thing. L: What are the advantages of being close to the park? F: There is nothing either way.

5 L: So there is nothing in the park that you would like to have? F: Even if he cant ask, I know you wont give me. All you can do is hire a car and get into the park. I would like to see elephant, lions. Having access to medicinal plants. I would like to see game, all I would like to get into the park. I was born with animals and now it takes me months to see one animal. M: What is the relationship between the park and the community outside. F: Since we are staying close to each other we are used to each other. M: Do you know anything about the new Parfuri gate and its opening (a few hundred meters away) F: I don t know anything about it. Did people from the next village go? L: What were the traditional activities you used to play at Modolilo? F: Tshigompela, Tshikona, Thsinzerere, Domba (python dance), Vhusha all dances M: Who killed Makahane, did he die naturally or did someone kill him? F: We don t know who killed him because he passed on a long time ago. Makahane may not have been the one killed with a spear because he moved from Thulamela after that, so it cannot be him. No one knows who killed him. M: Do we still have Makahane people around this community? F: Yes, you can find them at Masunda and Makuya. L: Those white guys who excavated at Thulamela made a booklet, your name is there. Who are the Lembethu people? F: Lemebthu, they are now Venda. Their language was something between Venda and Karanga, but now they are Venda. I have not seen the booklet on Thulamela. Once he heard Vhanyani and Vhadzanani, they are the Lembetu. (Freddie starts speaking Lembethu, lots of laughing). I used to speak it, but now there aren t people speaking it, I speak Venda. There are less people speaking it. M: Anything you would like to ask us? F: I want to know if the information will be understood in Venda? M: We will translate it, we use the tape machine. Should we write everything down or not?

6 F: Yes, it is fine to be on paper. Are you taking photos of me, what will be the end product? LMM: Much of it will be kept private hopefully some of it will be on the web and in the heritage center. Hopefully his opinion will be used. F: The rain-makers should not be buried underground. What they used to do after the rain-makers passed away they would do the same thing as with the chief (ie. Closing up the corpse inside a sealed house or cave). Even with myself, we used to go to Zimbabwe to consul the rain-makers I even did this personally. L: Tell us more about the rain-making ritual process. F: Zwifhoni a sacred place where the kings are buried separately from the commoners. L: What about these sites? F: At Zwifhoni, this is where they would ask for the rain. Zwifhoni can be the burial site of a rain-maker as well as a king. It takes 1-2 years for the corpse to rot in the house b/f the bones are taken into a cave, for the rain-makers. During the hey-dey the process of burying the rain-makers and the kings was the same. L: How do you ask for the rain? F: You stick the tobacco sniff onto the ground. And the person who is asking for the rain, should be someone who is not circumcised. You should explain that you have been sent by the chief. Whatever thing you go with, you will take it and the rain-maker will instruct you to never put the thing down, b/c they are afraid that it might rain preemptively. It might rain for more than 2 weeks, to the extent that you might have to return to the rain-maker and ask him to make it stop. L: After you have received the rain, what do you give to the rain-makers. F: Sometimes you give him a sheep. M: People say that boys from the royal family shouldn t be circumcised. Why? F: During the ritual ceremonies the ancestors just won t accept it. L: This initiation school is from another culture, it s not indigenous, where is it from? It used to be free of charge in these areas.

7 F: It is from the VhaLemba tradition, they were doing it only for their own children but now everyone can do this. LMM: Thank him for his time. F: Thank you very much. I m really happy, there was another white lady, but she only gave him 10 rand, so he likes Lynn and Lindsay much better. Makahane (known as Phandembili means two poles, forked) all the old men refer to the site as such, the Venda name.

the little boy 1 a good boy 1 then you give 1 is about me 1 was to come 1 old and new 1 that old man 1 what we know 1 not up here 1 in and out 1

the little boy 1 a good boy 1 then you give 1 is about me 1 was to come 1 old and new 1 that old man 1 what we know 1 not up here 1 in and out 1 the little boy 1 a good boy 1 is about me 1 then you give 1 was to come 1 old and new 1 what we know 1 that old man 1 in and out 1 not up here 1 good for you 1 down at work 1 with his cat 1 it was new

More information

Punctuality Never Procrastinates

Punctuality Never Procrastinates Copyright 2015 by Elizabeth L. Hamilton All Rights Reserved. Punctuality Preparation Lesson 4 of 4 Punctuality Never Procrastinates (Punctuality habitually refuses to put off things that should be done.)

More information

The Dun Horse. from Pawnee Hero Stories and Folk-Tales by George Bird Grinnell. him along, but he limped and could only go very slowly.

The Dun Horse. from Pawnee Hero Stories and Folk-Tales by George Bird Grinnell. him along, but he limped and could only go very slowly. from Pawnee Hero Stories and Folk-Tales Many years ago there lived in the Pawnee tribe an old woman and her grandson a boy about sixteen years old. These people had no relations and were very poor. They

More information

IN: So you came to Munising when you were six-years-old and you ve been here ever since?

IN: So you came to Munising when you were six-years-old and you ve been here ever since? Interview with Brynhild Mitchell 7/07/2009 Munising, MI IN: To start off can you tell us your birthdate please? BM: November the 24 th, 1903. IN: November 4 th, 19 BM: 24 th! IN: 24 th, I m BM: Oh yes!

More information

Week 1. Bible Story. Today s Takeaway. Weekly Verse. Theme Verse. Ruth and Naomi Ruth 1. Thank you, God, for my family and friends.

Week 1. Bible Story. Today s Takeaway. Weekly Verse. Theme Verse. Ruth and Naomi Ruth 1. Thank you, God, for my family and friends. Bible Story Ruth and Naomi Ruth 1 Today s Takeaway Thank you, God, for my family and friends. Weekly Verse "Two people are better off than one, for they can help each other succeed. If one person falls,

More information

THE NATIVE AMERICANS

THE NATIVE AMERICANS THE NATIVE AMERICANS Native American Diversity By the year 1500, Native Americans had divided into hundreds of cultural groups who perhaps spoke up to 2,000 different languages. Each group adapted to its

More information

People in the story BEFORE YOU READ

People in the story BEFORE YOU READ People in the story Robinson Crusoe: an Englishman who wants to travel and see the world; he spends nearly thirty years on an island The pirates: the people who attack Robinson s ship; he has to live with

More information

Grade 6 History Term 1

Grade 6 History Term 1 1 Grade 6 History Term 1 KINGDOMS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA MAPUNGUBWE The city of Mapungubwe is in the Limpopo Province, on a farm called Greefswald, near the Limpopo River. Mapungubwe means Hill of the Jackal.

More information

Aurora Fernandez and Maria Fernandez oral history interview by George Pozzetta, April 24, 1980

Aurora Fernandez and Maria Fernandez oral history interview by George Pozzetta, April 24, 1980 University of South Florida Scholar Commons Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center Oral Histories Digital Collection - Florida Studies Center April 1980 Aurora Fernandez and Maria Fernandez oral history

More information

Jerry Stemach, MS, CCC-SLP Karen Erickson, PhD Center for Literacy and Disability Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Jerry Stemach, MS, CCC-SLP Karen Erickson, PhD Center for Literacy and Disability Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Editors Jerry Stemach, MS, CCC-SLP Karen Erickson, PhD Center for Literacy and Disability Studies University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Exclusively Sold by Don Johnston Incorporated 26799 W. Commerce

More information

Diary of Susie Valentine

Diary of Susie Valentine Diary of Susie Valentine Dearest Diary, April 20 th, 1860 I must be brief, for tonight is the grand ball at Colonel Hawkins plantation. I shall dress myself in finery, like a wealthy Southern belle. In

More information

IGUANA LEGEND. Written and Illustrated: Herman Ayden Piso - Grade 4A

IGUANA LEGEND. Written and Illustrated: Herman Ayden Piso - Grade 4A IGUANA LEGEND. Written and Illustrated: Herman Ayden Piso - Grade 4A One day Tarna went to a nice beach called Iguana Beach. So she went there with her parents. They went to the beach by car. In the car

More information

stories with meanings

stories with meanings ATUATANGA s1 with meanings Photos Mikis van Geffen and Joseph Potangaroa unless acknowledged otherwise. ATUATANGA s2 with meanings Far from being made up just to entertain children, myths and legends have

More information

Transcribed from a recording by Andrew P. Johnson

Transcribed from a recording by Andrew P. Johnson Tlingit Oral Narratives Alive in the Eddy Transcribed from a recording by Andrew P. Johnson February, 1975 Flesch-Kincaid level 3.2 DRA 24 28 Goldbelt Heritage Foundation 3200 Hospital Drive Juneau, Alaska

More information

The Cowman and the Farmer

The Cowman and the Farmer The Cowman and the Farmer The title for this story is taken from the song from Oklahoma, The Cowman and The Farmer Should Be Friends, which is set in the time of tension between the herd-driving cattlemen

More information

Desert Trek. Alex Tamayo. High Noon Books Novato, California

Desert Trek. Alex Tamayo. High Noon Books Novato, California Desert Trek Alex Tamayo High Noon Books Novato, California Contents 1 Friends.... 1 2 The Trip.... 6 3 The First Problem....10 4 Red Camper...14 5 Snake Canyon...19 6 Rattlesnake...22 7 Ride for Help....28

More information

Assessment: Investigating the Past

Assessment: Investigating the Past Name Date Mastering the Content Circle the letter next to the best answer. Assessment: Investigating the Past 1. What important discovery did four teenagers make at Lascaux, France, in 1940? A. clay sculptures

More information

Native Americans Are Essential to the History of the United States

Native Americans Are Essential to the History of the United States Native Americans Are Essential to the History of the United States Welcome to the Making of a Nation American history in VOA Special English. I m Steve Ember. This week in our series, we look at the history

More information

History Year 7 Home Learning Task. Designing, Attacking and Defending a Castle

History Year 7 Home Learning Task. Designing, Attacking and Defending a Castle . History Year 7 Home Learning Task Designing, Attacking and Defending a Castle Name: Tutor Group: Teacher: Given out: Monday 5 March Hand in: Monday 12 March Parent/Carer Comment: Staff Comment: Enc:

More information

Ruth. My life experiences and God s faithfulness. Copyright 2010,

Ruth. My life experiences and God s faithfulness. Copyright 2010, Ruth My life experiences and God s faithfulness Copyright 2010, www.truthforkids.com Ruth 1 (The first chapter of my story) Some time ago, Elimelech, Naomi and their two sons came to live here in Moab

More information

SASKATCHEWAN ARCHIVES BOARD

SASKATCHEWAN ARCHIVES BOARD DOCUMENT NAME/INFORMANT: MARIE OSECAP 3 INFORMANT'S ADDRESS: SWEET GRASS RESERVE SASKATCHEWAN INTERVIEW LOCATION: SWEET GRASS RESERVE SASKATCHEWAN TRIBE/NATION: CREE LANGUAGE: CREE DATE OF INTERVIEW: FEBRUARY

More information

MARTIN IKUA PURDY, SR. Ulupalakua Ranch, Maui & Parker Ranch, Hawai`i

MARTIN IKUA PURDY, SR. Ulupalakua Ranch, Maui & Parker Ranch, Hawai`i MARTIN IKUA PURDY, SR. Ulupalakua Ranch, Maui & Parker Ranch, Hawai`i If there be no higher accolade than the endorsement of one s peers, hard evidence exists that Martin Purdy has earned that coveted

More information

First Grade Spelling Lists

First Grade Spelling Lists First Grade Spelling Lists List 1 List 2 List 3 List 4 me can ten my do see tan up and run tin last go the ton not at in bed us on so top am a no he good it now you is man will she we an List 5 List 6

More information

men share the same memory the memory of being cut from a sports team as a boy. I don t know how the mind works in matters like this; I don t know what

men share the same memory the memory of being cut from a sports team as a boy. I don t know how the mind works in matters like this; I don t know what Cut by Bob Greene I remember vividly the last time I cried. I was twelve years old, in the seventh grade, and I had tried out for the junior high school basketball team. I walked into the gymnasium; there

More information

Inuit. By Lucy, Justin, and Emme. December P

Inuit. By Lucy, Justin, and Emme. December P Inuit By Lucy, Justin, and Emme December 2015 3P Long ago, there was the Inuit tribe in the icy, breezy Arctic. The land was like a life-size cotton ball. The land was icy cold and even in the Summer,

More information

The Interpreting Introduction of Emperor QinShihuang s Mausoleum Site Museum

The Interpreting Introduction of Emperor QinShihuang s Mausoleum Site Museum The Interpreting Introduction of Emperor QinShihuang s Mausoleum Site Museum A General Introduction Emperor Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, was one of the most important men. He was

More information

Lesson on Ruth (Lesson 15)

Lesson on Ruth (Lesson 15) esson on uth (esson 15) lide 1 alks With rofessor atey Holy uth lide 2 2 esson Menu uth esson lide 3 3 earning M Famine in the land (uth 1:1-2) uth 1 1 the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine

More information

The geography of Mapungubwe

The geography of Mapungubwe The geography of Mapungubwe Grade 6, Term 1 Social Science: History Lesson Topic: The geography of Mapungubwe Lesson 2 of 8 CAPS reference: page 42 Total time: 1 hour Aims Engage higher order thinking

More information

File No WORLD TRADE CENTER TASK FORCE INTERVIEW FIREFIGHTER TODD FREDRICKSON. Interview Date: December 28, 2001

File No WORLD TRADE CENTER TASK FORCE INTERVIEW FIREFIGHTER TODD FREDRICKSON. Interview Date: December 28, 2001 File No. 9110403 WORLD TRADE CENTER TASK FORCE INTERVIEW FIREFIGHTER TODD FREDRICKSON Interview Date: December 28, 2001 Transcribed by Elisabeth F. Nason 2 BATTALION CHIEF KENAHAN: Today's date is December

More information

When I saw the skulls, that s when I knew I really wanted to know what had happened to those people, he says.

When I saw the skulls, that s when I knew I really wanted to know what had happened to those people, he says. Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Underwater Archaeologist: Dr. Guillermo de Anda Real-world geography.

More information

X-RAY Volume 1, Number 1 Tuesday 21 June 2005

X-RAY Volume 1, Number 1 Tuesday 21 June 2005 X-RAY Volume 1, Number 1 Tuesday 21 June 2005 e Canadian TV is boring compared to American TV. Most dramas, except for Da Vinci s Inquest, seem to be centred on a city in eastern Canada, which shall remain

More information

GOZO COLLEGE SECONDARY Half Yearly Exams

GOZO COLLEGE SECONDARY Half Yearly Exams GOZO COLLEGE SECONDARY Half Yearly Exams 2012-2013 Subject: ENGLISH LANGUAGE Form: 2 Secondary Level 5-6-7 Time: 2 hours NAME: CLASS: INDEX NO: Section A: Language 15 marks A. Read the fact file of these

More information

Tape No a-l-98 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW. with. Paul Matayoshi (PM) Puko'o, Moloka'i. June 2, BY: Jeanne Johnston (JJ)

Tape No a-l-98 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW. with. Paul Matayoshi (PM) Puko'o, Moloka'i. June 2, BY: Jeanne Johnston (JJ) Paul Matayoshi 338 Tape No. 36-16a-l-98 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW with Paul Matayoshi (PM) Puko'o, Moloka'i June 2, 1998 BY: Jeanne Johnston (JJ) Okay, this is Jeanne Johnston, and I am interviewing Paul

More information

CRAZY HORSE BSB CH3-1

CRAZY HORSE BSB CH3-1 CRAZY HORSE was the legendary Lakota war chief who led Sitting Bull s warriors in the Valley of the Greasy Grass, known evermore as the Battle of Little Big Horn. The Lakota were accustomed to war. They

More information

Little Bible Lesson # 10 Genesis 19

Little Bible Lesson # 10 Genesis 19 Little Bible Lesson Genesis 19 1. Once long ago there was a man named Lot who was married and had two daughters. uncle Abraham had giving him a choice of places to live and Lot chose to live in a large

More information

Paleo-Indians Indians. Pioneers

Paleo-Indians Indians. Pioneers Paleo-Indians Indians Archaeological evidence shows that people called Paleo-Indians were in the area of Utah Lake from about 12,000 to 8,500 B.C. They inhabited caves or brush and wood shelters. They

More information

Brandt, if we can just get some opening comments on the round and what keyed you to the 59.

Brandt, if we can just get some opening comments on the round and what keyed you to the 59. ROUND 1 INTERVIEW August 16, 2018 BRANDT SNEDEKER ( -11) JACK RYAN: We're joined by Brandt Snedeker -- BRANDT SNEDEKER: Say it, please say it. JACK RYAN: -- after an opening 59 -- BRANDT SNEDEKER: Thank

More information

PRE-TOURNAMENT INTERVIEW April 17, 2018 SERGIO GARCIA

PRE-TOURNAMENT INTERVIEW April 17, 2018 SERGIO GARCIA PRE-TOURNAMENT INTERVIEW April 17, 2018 SERGIO GARCIA JOHN BUSH: We would like to welcome Sergio Garcia into the interview room. He is making his third start at the Valero Texas Open but first since 2010.

More information

The First Humans. Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives. Written by Lin Donn Illustrated by Phillip Martin

The First Humans. Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives. Written by Lin Donn Illustrated by Phillip Martin The First Humans Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives. Written by Lin Donn Illustrated by Phillip Martin 65 Million Years Ago Dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago. The first

More information

Couples Sunday.txt 1

Couples Sunday.txt 1 1 FEBRUARY 14, 2010 INTERVIEW WITH FRED COUPLES Q. Fred, another shoot-out. I mean, the slug-fest with Watson two weeks ago? FRED COUPLES: Yeah, I got to watch that. That was easier, I think even easier

More information

Preview. How do we know about people from the past?

Preview. How do we know about people from the past? Preview How do we know about people from the past? Sources Primary sources are original materials. They are from the time period involved i and have not been filtered through interpretation. Diaries Interviews

More information

MURDER MYSTERY WHO KILLED MISS GREENSPOON?

MURDER MYSTERY WHO KILLED MISS GREENSPOON? MURDER MYSTERY WHO KILLED MISS GREENSPOON? Taken from (edited): https://www.eslwriting.org/esl-english-speaking-murder-mystery-game-activities-fluency/ Oral skills practice. Deduction. Divide the group

More information

God Changes Hearts. BIBLE PASSAGE I Sam (David & Abigail)

God Changes Hearts. BIBLE PASSAGE I Sam (David & Abigail) God Changes Hearts BIBLE PASSAGE I Sam 24-25 (David & Abigail) REMEMBER VERSE God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us. Romans 5:8 SCHEDULE Large Group

More information

Park (mis)adventures

Park (mis)adventures Park (mis)adventures Park (mis)adventures Millie is a little, wise and happy mouse who, like all the other mice in Goudetown, sometimes gets into the game so much that she forgets her parents advice. This

More information

Courtesy Harney County Library, All Rights Reserved

Courtesy Harney County Library, All Rights Reserved Courtesy Harney County Library, All Rights Reserved HARNEY COUNTY HISTORY PROJECT AV-Oral History #233A - Side A (Middle) Subject: Elmer Dunn, Big Loop Place: Date: July 7, 1978 Interviewer: Nel Bosch

More information

CHAPTER 2. Native Americans and Their Land

CHAPTER 2. Native Americans and Their Land CHAPTER 2 Native Americans and Their Land 2.1 INTRODUCTION Native Americans are believed to be the first people to live in North America They first migrated into the Americas from the continent of Asia

More information

Manual for Youth. Manual for Youth Referees

Manual for Youth. Manual for Youth Referees Manual for Youth Referees Manual for Youth Referees 2014 1 The AYSO National Office TEL: (800) 872-2976 FAX: (310) 525-1155 www.ayso.org All rights reserved. 2014 American Youth Soccer Organization Reproduction

More information

25 minutes 10 minutes

25 minutes 10 minutes 25 minutes 10 minutes 15 SOCIAL: Providing time for fun interaction. 25 : Communicating God s truth in engaging ways. Opener Game Worship Story Closer 10 WORSHIP: Inviting people to respond to God. My

More information

The Book of Sharks. Rob Carney

The Book of Sharks. Rob Carney The Book of Sharks Rob Carney www.blacklawrence.com Executive Editor: Diane Goettel Book and Cover Design: Amy Freels Cover Art: Wave VI by Kazaan Viveiros Copyright 2018 Rob Carney ISBN: 978-1-62557-801-3

More information

BY JEAN FRITZ ILLUSTRATED BY HUDSON TALBOTT EONARDO S ORSE

BY JEAN FRITZ ILLUSTRATED BY HUDSON TALBOTT EONARDO S ORSE BY JEAN FRITZ ILLUSTRATED BY HUDSON TALBOTT EONARDO S ORSE ANYONE who watched the young Leonardo wander the countryside around his home in Vinci might have guessed that he would be an artist. He stopped

More information

The Tlingit Way: How to Treat Salmon

The Tlingit Way: How to Treat Salmon Department of Education Grant Award T365C110007 Lingit Tundatanee: Language, The Pathway to Multi-Literacy The Tlingit Way: How to Treat Salmon Written by Patricia H. Partnow Illustrations by Jeanette

More information

rskills Progress Monitoring Test 7a

rskills Progress Monitoring Test 7a rskills Test 7a, page 1 NAME: DATE: rskills Progress Monitoring Test 7a DIRECTIONS: This is a reading test. Follow the directions for each part of the test, and choose the best answer to each question.

More information

What to Drink? Appa said, These

What to Drink? Appa said, These What to Drink? Nallamada, Andhra Pradesh Suguna was reading her book, when she heard someone at the door. She saw that there was a visitor from the city. Appa welcomed the guest. He told Selva to bring

More information

A long time ago, in a land where no king ruled, a small family lived in. the town of Bethlehem. Life was hard for Naomi, her husband and

A long time ago, in a land where no king ruled, a small family lived in. the town of Bethlehem. Life was hard for Naomi, her husband and The story of Ruth A long time ago, in a land where no king ruled, a small family lived in the town of Bethlehem. Life was hard for Naomi, her husband and their two boys, for food was short, very short.

More information

2 Does God Care Who Wins?

2 Does God Care Who Wins? Introduction I had just played the best round of golf in my life. The round came on the last day of the crucible of PGA Tour Qualifying School, or Q School as it is often called. According to John Feinstein,

More information

Fables and Themes. *Read the following fables and answer the questions that follow.

Fables and Themes. *Read the following fables and answer the questions that follow. Fables and Themes *Read the following fables and answer the questions that follow. The Ant and the Grasshopper In a field one summer's day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's

More information

ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING - REVISION PAPER YEAR 4 June 2017

ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING - REVISION PAPER YEAR 4 June 2017 ENGLISH LANGUAGE READING - REVISION PAPER YEAR 4 June 2017 SECTION A - FICTION Read the text carefully and answer all the questions. GRACE DARLING It was a dark September morning. There was a storm at

More information

VIDEO SCRIPT. TITLE: The First Hunters and Farmers. PREPARED FOR: South Dakota Pathways Series. PRODUCER: Jim Sprecher SCRIPT: 5 TRT: 13:47

VIDEO SCRIPT. TITLE: The First Hunters and Farmers. PREPARED FOR: South Dakota Pathways Series. PRODUCER: Jim Sprecher SCRIPT: 5 TRT: 13:47 VIDEO SCRIPT TITLE: The First Hunters and Farmers PREPARED FOR: South Dakota Pathways Series WRITER: Paul Higbee and Julia Monczunski PRODUCER: Jim Sprecher SCRIPT: 5 TRT: 13:47 DRAFT: FINAL Edited Version

More information

1 TIMEIN: 10:00:18:16 DURATION: 04:03 TIMEOUT: 10:00:22:19 Since I got leukaemia, my life has been upside down.

1 TIMEIN: 10:00:18:16 DURATION: 04:03 TIMEOUT: 10:00:22:19 Since I got leukaemia, my life has been upside down. SVT Fiktion EBU Documentary Exchange 2006 Script FELICIA UPSIDE DOWN 1 TIMEIN: 10:00:18:16 DURATION: 04:03 TIMEOUT: 10:00:22:19 Since I got leukaemia, my life has been upside down. 2 TIMEIN: 10:00:25:09

More information

Pearl Armstrong Stanger. Box 2 Folder 42

Pearl Armstrong Stanger. Box 2 Folder 42 Crowder, Dr. David L. Oral History Project Pearl Armstrong Stanger By Pearl Armstrong Stanger November 30, 1975 Box 2 Folder 42 Oral Interview conducted by Terri Erickson Transcribed by Sarah McCorristin

More information

The Lost Dog. (A fictional story)

The Lost Dog. (A fictional story) O The Lost Dog (A fictional story) nce there lived a grand man who was well known for his kindness and gentleness. One day he decided that he wanted a puppy to love. He went down to the local shelter and

More information

Sight Word Basketball Rules

Sight Word Basketball Rules Sight Word Basketball Rules This is a 2 player game. 1.) Print out the game board You can laminate the game board so that it lasts longer if you wish. 2.) Print out or choose sight words you would your

More information

The Apostle Paul- The Great Escape

The Apostle Paul- The Great Escape The Apostle Paul- The Great Escape In this lesson, Paul begins to preach that Jesus is the son of God. However, his life is now in more danger than ever. Children learn that God can change a person s life

More information

Blue Babe, A Messenger from the Ice Age

Blue Babe, A Messenger from the Ice Age THE TEXAS BISON STUDENT STUDY GROUP JOURNAL Blue Babe, A Messenger from the Ice Age by Gary Selinger (This article appeared in the June 1986 University of Alaska Magazine) Close-up picture of Blue Babe.

More information

Manual for Youth Referees

Manual for Youth Referees Manual for Youth Referees Manual for Youth Referees 1 The AYSO National Office TEL: (800) 872-2976 FAX: (310) 525-1155 www.ayso.org All rights reserved. 2015 American Youth Soccer Organization Reproduction

More information

English Lesson Sutter-Ochsenbein Postfach Wabern Name. Total Grammar Part 1 / 50 Total Grammar Part 2 / 50

English Lesson Sutter-Ochsenbein Postfach Wabern   Name. Total Grammar Part 1 / 50 Total Grammar Part 2 / 50 PLACEMENT TEST Seite 1 Grammar Test Part 1 Name Total Grammar Part 1 / 50 Total Grammar Part 2 / 50 Grand Total / 100 Look at these examples. The correct answer is ticked. a In warm countries people like

More information

It s Our Valley Grade 2 curriculum about the Peace River Valley For more information, visit:

It s Our Valley Grade 2 curriculum about the Peace River Valley For more information, visit: It s Our Valley Grade 2 curriculum about the Peace River Valley Beavers are very important to aboriginal people. They hunt beaver at certain times of year, mostly in spring. Beaver pelts are used for trade

More information

1 The village party. Read and listen.

1 The village party. Read and listen. Read and listen. 1 The village party Sophia Walter and her brother, William, lived in a small village. On the last day of May, Sophia said to William, It s June next month and 21st June is the longest

More information

Manual for Youth Referees

Manual for Youth Referees Manual for Youth Referees Manual for Youth Referees 2013 1 The AYSO National Office TEL: (800) 872-2976 FAX: (310) 525-1155 www.ayso.org All rights reserved. 2013 American Youth Soccer Organization Reproduction

More information

Notre Dame Post-Game Quotes Notre Dame vs. Clemson Saturday, December 29, 2018 AT&T Stadium, Arlington, Texas

Notre Dame Post-Game Quotes Notre Dame vs. Clemson Saturday, December 29, 2018 AT&T Stadium, Arlington, Texas TE VON CONEY, Linebacker What s going through your mind right now as a senior? A lot, you know. Just not knowing what s next for me. But I just put my faith in God and believe in that everything happens

More information

KAZUTAKA OTSUKA. Interview Angoulême 2008 workshop. «Wado-Ryu is way of peace and harmony. - Amicale Balam

KAZUTAKA OTSUKA. Interview Angoulême 2008 workshop. «Wado-Ryu is way of peace and harmony. - Amicale Balam KAZUTAKA OTSUKA Interview Angoulême 2008 workshop «Wado-Ryu is way of peace and harmony. What are the principles of Wado Ryu? Kazutaka Otsuka : Wado Ryu is way of peace and harmony. What is Budo and why

More information

H5 Homework UNIT 7 GRAMMAR REFERENCE EXERCISES. 1 Underline the correct preposition. > Grammar Reference (GR) 7.2

H5 Homework UNIT 7 GRAMMAR REFERENCE EXERCISES. 1 Underline the correct preposition. > Grammar Reference (GR) 7.2 H5 Homework UNIT 7 GRAMMAR REFERENCE EXERCISES 1 Underline the correct preposition. > Grammar Reference (GR) 7.2 1 They met on / at / in 11 June. 2 Kate was born in / at / on the 1980s. 3 We play tennis

More information

Indian Languages. Folder 2:

Indian Languages. Folder 2: 1 Indian Languages The following are selected transcriptions from the Indian Languages collection held at the Illinois History and Lincoln Collections, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Folder

More information

Tribute Edition STEEL SPIKE EXPRESS ADSEQUOR - TO ACHIEVE. The Steel Spike Team remembers a Soldier, comrade, and friend SPC Jacob Barton.

Tribute Edition STEEL SPIKE EXPRESS ADSEQUOR - TO ACHIEVE. The Steel Spike Team remembers a Soldier, comrade, and friend SPC Jacob Barton. STEEL SPIKE EXPRESS ADSEQUOR - TO ACHIEVE The Steel Spike Team remembers a Soldier, comrade, and friend SPC Jacob Barton. Page 1 SPC Jacob David Barton was born July 24, 1988 in Rolla, Missouri. He attended

More information

ERNEST Please prepare with a standard British accent Side 1 of 2

ERNEST Please prepare with a standard British accent Side 1 of 2 ERNEST Please prepare with a standard British accent Side 1 of 2 GILDA. [with tremendous gaiety] Ernest! What a surprise! ERNEST. What s the matter with Miss Hodge? GILDA. The matter with her? I don t

More information

Table of Contents. Meeting Standards

Table of Contents. Meeting Standards Meeting Standards........................ 2 Every Four Years......................... 3 The 2012 Olympic Games.................. 4 Host Countries........................... 5 Follow the Flags... 6 Map

More information

THE LAST LEAF BY O. HENRY. Revised by Hal Ames

THE LAST LEAF BY O. HENRY. Revised by Hal Ames THE LAST LEAF BY O. HENRY Revised by Hal Ames There were two young artists who lived in Greenwich Village in New York City. One was named Sue and the other Joanna. Joanna preferred to be called Joanie.

More information

BURY ME BENEATH THE WILLOW

BURY ME BENEATH THE WILLOW 1 1 4 4 Progression 1 1 1 5 5 1 1 4 4 BURY ME BENEATH THE WILLOW My heart is sad I am lonely For the only one I love When shall I see her oh no never Til we meet in heaven above Chorus: Bury me beneath

More information

Native Americans? Who are the. The Bering Strait. Activities Pack 8/7/2015

Native Americans? Who are the. The Bering Strait. Activities Pack 8/7/2015 Native Americans Activities Pack Who are the Native Americans? They likely came to North America across the Bering Strait when hunting animals. Can you tell where you live on the map? The Bering Strait

More information

THE STORY OF TRACY BEAKER Series 2 Episode 11 Day Trip Based on the book by JACQUELINE WILSON

THE STORY OF TRACY BEAKER Series 2 Episode 11 Day Trip Based on the book by JACQUELINE WILSON THE STORY OF TRACY BEAKER Series 2 Episode 11 Based on the book by JACQUELINE WILSON Oi! I was here first I bagsied it at breakfast! No. BOUNCER:I never heard you That s cause you were still stuffed under

More information

Key stage 1. English reading. Paper 1: reading prompt and answer booklet national curriculum tests. First name. Middle name.

Key stage 1. English reading. Paper 1: reading prompt and answer booklet national curriculum tests. First name. Middle name. 2018 national curriculum tests Key stage 1 English reading Paper 1: reading prompt and answer booklet First name Middle name Last name Total marks [BLANK PAGE] Please do not write on this page. Page 2

More information

Section 2- Migration

Section 2- Migration Section 2- Migration Today, most scientists agree that the first people in North America came from Asia. This migration is estimated to have taken place during the last ice age, at least 12,500 years ago.

More information

Tape No ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW. with. Bennet Baldwin (BB) Pa'ia, Maui. July 17, BY: Jeanne Johnston (JJ)

Tape No ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW. with. Bennet Baldwin (BB) Pa'ia, Maui. July 17, BY: Jeanne Johnston (JJ) Bennet Baldwin 148 Tape No. 36-2-1-98 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW with Bennet Baldwin (BB) Pa'ia, Maui July 17, 1998 BY: Jeanne Johnston (JJ) This is an interview with Bennet Baldwin at the Maui Country Club

More information

Autobiography. Ashley Koldyke

Autobiography. Ashley Koldyke Autobiography 1 Autobiography Ashley Koldyke Education 111 Professor Eastman November 14, 2007 Autobiography 2 My name is Ashley Danielle Koldyke. I was born on August 14, 1988 at the Kosciusko Community

More information

TRENCHING & EXCAVATION SAFETY: The Scott May Story

TRENCHING & EXCAVATION SAFETY: The Scott May Story ERI Safety Videos Videos for Safety Meetings 2907 TRENCHING & EXCAVATION SAFETY: The Scott May Story Leader s Guide 2009 ERI Safety Videos TRENCHING & EXCAVATION SAFETY: The Scott May Story This easy-to-use

More information

living beings of the world were there, and so the plants started to stand up. Ⱡawiyaⱡ, huckleberry. Ⱡawiyaⱡ stood up and said, I offer myself to the

living beings of the world were there, and so the plants started to stand up. Ⱡawiyaⱡ, huckleberry. Ⱡawiyaⱡ stood up and said, I offer myself to the Kiʔsuk kyukyit hu qakⱡik Niȼtahaⱡʔana akiy Susap Piʔaⱡ Kiʔsuk kyukyit - Good Day Hu qakⱡik - My name is Niȼtahaⱡʔana Akiy - or Joe Pierre - Susap Piʔaⱡ Kiʔsuk kyukyit hu qakⱡik Niȼtahaⱡʔana akiy Susap

More information

AL LUNSFORD: All right, we're very happy to be joined here by Stacy Lewis.

AL LUNSFORD: All right, we're very happy to be joined here by Stacy Lewis. PRE-TOURNAMENT INTERVIEW: June 22, 2016 STACY LEWIS AL LUNSFORD: All right, we're very happy to be joined here by Stacy Lewis. Stacy, you are a Razorback in Razorback Country. You've won here a couple

More information

Reading Counts Quiz. Time Period: N/A. School: LAKE FOREST PARK ELEMENTARY Teacher: Julie Green. Student: Book: Holes

Reading Counts Quiz. Time Period: N/A. School: LAKE FOREST PARK ELEMENTARY Teacher: Julie Green. Student: Book: Holes Reading Counts Quiz School: LAKE FOREST PARK ELEMENTARY Teacher: Julie Green Student: Book: Holes 1. After he found water, Stanley A. went down the mountain for the shovel. B. made a fishing pole from

More information

Chapter 1. A box had arrived in the mail for Mia.

Chapter 1. A box had arrived in the mail for Mia. Chapter 1 American Robin every summer, baby birds fly from the nest A box had arrived in the mail for Mia. Not just any old box, but a box from one of Mia s best friends, Caitlin, whom she d met at summer

More information

ARCHIVES OF ONTARIO DISK: TRANSCRIPT DISC #130 PAGES: 11 THIS RECORDING IS UNRESTRICTED.

ARCHIVES OF ONTARIO DISK: TRANSCRIPT DISC #130 PAGES: 11 THIS RECORDING IS UNRESTRICTED. DOCUMENT NAME/INFORMANT: NORMAN MCLEOD #2 INFORMANT'S ADDRESS: CAPE CROKER INDIAN RESERVE ONTARIO INTERVIEW LOCATION: CAPE CROKER INDIAN RESERVE ONTARIO TRIBE/NATION: LANGUAGE: ENGLISH DATE OF INTERVIEW:

More information

The Mongols. Austin Trohoski

The Mongols. Austin Trohoski The Mongols Austin Trohoski Name The word Mongol comes from tribe called Mengwushiwei. It was changed during the Yuan Dynasty. Population The Mongols take up to 90% of the Mongolia population. The major

More information

Saving China's elephants

Saving China's elephants ENGLISH CONVERSATION Wednesday 1st and Thursday 2 nd February 18h00 20h00 Saving China's elephants http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english/ep-150430 Saving China's elephants

More information

The Chair on the Top of the World. Written by Stuart Baum Illustrated by Camilla Baum

The Chair on the Top of the World. Written by Stuart Baum Illustrated by Camilla Baum The Chair on the Top of the World Written by Stuart Baum Illustrated by Camilla Baum Tomas wanted to sit on the top of the world. He imagined a chair, a very specific chair. Dark blue wooden. Painted all

More information

MY LIFE HISTORY ISABELLE PROVONSHA

MY LIFE HISTORY ISABELLE PROVONSHA MY LIFE HISTORY ISABELLE PROVONSHA My father was Daniel S. McCollum, and my mother, Helen M. Grimes. They were married in Paradox, Colorado, on January 13, 1893 or 1894. Between three and four years later

More information

Alaska - Day 3: Ketchikan (Day 2 was at sea)

Alaska - Day 3: Ketchikan (Day 2 was at sea) Alaska - Day 3: Ketchikan (Day 2 was at sea) Arrival in Port of Ketchikan. Two views. Disembarking for a day of exploring Ketchikan and taking excursions. View of Star Princess cruise ship from shore.

More information

School District of Palm Beach County Elementary Curriculum

School District of Palm Beach County Elementary Curriculum School District of Palm Beach County Elementary Curriculum Spring Practice Grade Four Reading Grade 4 Read Desert Dwellers and then answer questions 1 through 5. Desert Dwellers If you go to Arizona today,

More information

Adventu res. Contents. a. The Cave...3 b. Fishing...13 c. Lost Island...25 d. T-Rex is After Me...35

Adventu res. Contents. a. The Cave...3 b. Fishing...13 c. Lost Island...25 d. T-Rex is After Me...35 Adventu res Contents a. The Cave...3 b. Fishing...13 c. Lost Island...25 d. T-Rex is After Me...35 1 Guided Reading What could the story be about? Who are the main characters? What do you think happens

More information

This picture shows how we fetch water from the pond which is called Borche. The pond is opened in the morning and evening - this picture was taken at

This picture shows how we fetch water from the pond which is called Borche. The pond is opened in the morning and evening - this picture was taken at I am Zewuditu, 40 years old and married. I had eight children, but two children have passed away. The picture shows three of my children and me. The girl at the right side of me is my fourth daughter,

More information

Whispers. Elders Writings Fort Resolution, NT April, 2003

Whispers. Elders Writings Fort Resolution, NT April, 2003 Whispers Elders Writings Fort Resolution, NT April, 2003 Table of Contents Acknowledgements Foreword Buffalo River My Story Apple Tree Acknowledgements In addition to the elders, whose work appears in

More information

~~~, Miss Gulch. No.3. You mean she bit you? No, her dog! Oh, she bit her dog, eh?

~~~, Miss Gulch. No.3. You mean she bit you? No, her dog! Oh, she bit her dog, eh? () Someday I'll wish upon a star And wake up where the clouds Are far behind me. Where troubles melt like lemon drops Away above the chimney tops, That's where you'll find me. Somewhere over the rainbow

More information