Senior Pattern Association

Transcription

1 Senior Pattern Association OFFICIAL COMPETITOR S GUIDE Revised June 12, 2015

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3 Guide Table of Contents General Event Judges Guide Anatomy of an SPA Maneuver Article Maneuver Descriptions Antique Pattern Sequences and Maneuvers

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5 Senior Pattern Association Section I SPA Event Regulations

6 Event Contents SPA EVENT REGULATIONS 1 SECTION I - COMPETITORS GUIDE 1 1. GENERAL 1 a. Age Groups 1 b. Pattern Classes 1 c. Aircraft 2 d. Power 3 e. Radio 4 2. COMPETITION CLASSES 4 3. CONTESTANT CLASSIFICATION 4 4. OFFICIAL FLIGHT 5 5. FLIGHT PATTERNS AND MANEUVER AREA 6 6. POINT SYSTEM 7 7. SAFETY DECLARATION 8

7 SECTION I -- SPA EVENT REGULATIONS OBJECTIVE: To control by radio a model airplane so that various planned maneuvers may be accomplished. The criterion is the quality of performance, not the mechanism of control. Maneuvers shall be flown and judged according to the Senior Pattern Association Competitors Guide. Maneuver descriptions and downgrades found in this Guide are taken exactly as they appeared in the AMA rule books for the years in which each maneuver appeared. No corrections or changes of any sort have been made. All contest functions are subject to the contest director s discretion. SECTION I - COMPETITORS GUIDE 1. GENERAL: Entrants in SPA contests will be grouped into classes by a combination of age and pattern class. Specified aircraft and engine requirements also apply. Membership in the SPA is required to compete in Sportsman, Advanced and Expert classes. Membership is not required for Introductory or Novice. However, if you fly in Novice and wish to compete for trophies, you must be a member of SPA. If you are not a member, or if you fly in Introductory, you will receive a certificate of participation. To qualify for points or official standing within SPA, all aircraft and classes of contestants shall use approved equipment. Different awards for non- SPA legal entrants may be presented at the discretion of the Contest Director. Pilots flying non-legal SPA airplanes may participate and be judged, but their scores will not be included in the tabulation of final scores. a. Age Groups: The Introductory (Intro), Novice, Sportsman and Advanced pilots will fly as one class each, with no grouping by pilot s age. The Expert class will have two age groups as follows: ( 1 ) EXPERT - Up through fifty-nine (59) years old Regular. ( 2 ) SENIOR EXPERT - Sixty (60) years old and up Senior. b. Pattern Classes: Various individual maneuvers and maneuver schedules for each of the pattern events are shown in Section III. The Classes are: ( 1 ) Introductory (All Age Groups) ( 2 ) Novice (All Age Groups) ( 3 ) Sportsman (All Age Groups) Back to Contents Event Guide 1

8 ( 4 ) Advanced (All Age Groups) ( 4 ) Expert (Regular and Senior) ( 5 ) Antique Novice (All Age Groups) ( 6 ) Antique Sportsman (All Age Groups) ( 7 ) Antique Expert (Regular and Senior) Any pilot age 60 and older may elect, once each year, in which of the various SPA classes he will fly. The choice should be guided by competition, not trophy collection. c. Aircraft: A listing of known approved aircraft is available on the SPA website both for SPA Pattern and Antique Pattern. Any model which meets SPA requirements is eligible, even if not on this list. The contestant is responsible for documenting the model to SPA if it is not on the list. Airplane Building Rules: The basic rule is to choose an airplane from the SPA approved list and build the airplane to planform using an approved power source. Power sources are listed elsewhere and subject to change and modification. "Planform" means the outer skin of the airplane is reproduced subject to the exceptions listed below. Examples of planform are: original shape and position of the flying surfaces; original dimensions of fuselage, moments and wingspan; shape of the fuselage and important distinguishing recognizable characteristics of the plane being modeled such as simulated jet intakes and general canopy shape and size. Retractable landing gear is not legal. Flaps may be used only if on the original plans. Engines may be mounted in any position. Landing gear may be tri-gear or tail dragger. The hinge line of the rudder may be relocated within the original vertical rudder-fin area, and be made vertical or swept, i.e., as in the Taurus or Thunder Panzer. Shaping of the wing tip block may be varied by more or less rounding. Internal structure and placement are not restricted; i.e., moving a firewall back to accommodate a four stroke engine, or adding or deleting bulkheads. All approved ARFs are permitted. Back to Contents Event Guide 2

9 Planes may not be scaled up or down, i.e., making a 40 size plan bigger to use as a.60 size airplane. d. Power: Both internal combustion (IC) and electric power are permitted in all classes of SPA, except that electrics are not allowed in Antique. For internal combustion engines, a proper muffler must be used, but not tuned pipes. Pumps may be used, but no air chambers or oversized carburetors are allowed. No propeller larger than 13.5 inches in diameter may be used on any SPA aircraft. Additional specific requirements by event type for IC engines are: ( 1 ) Regular SPA Pattern ( a ) Any two-cycle alcohol powered engine up to.65 cubic inches. ( b ) Any four-cycle alcohol powered engine up to.95 cubic inches with no air chamber or supercharging of any kind ( c ) Any gasoline powered 2-cycle engine up to 15cc/0.91 cu. in. ( d ) Any model aircraft designed and flown before January 1, ( 2 ) Antique SPA Pattern ( a ) Any two-cycle engine up to.61 cubic inches. ( b ) Any four-cycle engine up to.72 cubic inches with no air chamber or super charging of any kind. ( c ) Any model aircraft designed and flown before January 1, ( d ) Electric power is not permitted in Antique classes. ( 3 ) Introductory Pattern ( a ) All age groups combined. ( b ) Any SPA approved airplane or any airplane with a wingspan of 72 inches or less. ( c ) The standard SPA engine restrictions apply to Introductory. For electric power, the following rules apply: The intention of these rules concerning battery voltage and wattage is to produce a verifiable system that has capabilities similar to the internal combustion engines permitted in SPA. ( 1 ) The highest permissible nominal battery voltage is 22.2V. For lithium polymer batteries, this means a maximum of six (6) cells in series (6S) is permitted. ( 2 ) There is no battery capacity limitation. Back to Contents Event Guide 3

10 ( 3 ) The original manufacturer s label indicating voltage must be attached to the battery and available for inspection. ( 4 ) A mechanism for disconnecting the battery power from the electronic speed controller (ESC) must be provided on the exterior of the aircraft. That mechanism must be clearly available, easily operated, and have visually clear states. A simple example of the intention of this rule is a plug that is visible and can be manipulated from the outside of the aircraft. ( 5 ) No electrically-powered braking or reverse torque of the propeller is permitted. ( 6 ) The maximum power available to the motor is 1400 watts at any time during the flight. ( 7 ) Electric power is NOT permitted in Antique classes. e. Radio: ( 1 ) All 72, 53, and 50 MHz radio equipment and operation must conform to the regulations of the FCC (Airplane frequencies, narrow band). All older wideband transmitters are illegal after March 1, All spread spectrum (SS) radio systems operating in the 2.4 GHz band, as approved by the FCC, are permitted. ( 2 ) Automated stabilization devices are prohibited in accordance with the AMA RC Aerobatic rules for , Section 4.4 Equipment Functions. The prohibition includes, but is not limited to, receivers that contain stabilization (e.g., gyroscopes) in one or more of the aircraft axes, snap roll buttons with automatic timers, or any other closed-loop control functions. Preprogrammed, non-timed transmitter functions (mixings) are permitted. 2. COMPETITION CLASSES: Full delineation of classes will be found in Section I, 1, b above. The combination of pattern flown and age group of the contestant establishes the class within which the contestant will compete. The Contest Director will decide and announce which of the eight possible classes will be flown. Age groups may be combined for Antique events and /or a single pattern may be selected. This decision will be announced prior to the contest. Patterns shall be flown as listed if the class is part of the contest. 3. CONTESTANT CLASSIFICATION: Upon entering their first pattern contest, contestants have the option to enter any one pattern class within the appropriate age group. Contestants who are just learning aerobatics and have no prior pattern competition experience are encouraged to enter Introductory or Novice, depending on their ability and that of their aircraft. Those who currently compete or have recently competed in other forms of aerobatic competition are encouraged to choose one of the upper classes consistent with their experience. Back to Contents Event Guide 4

11 a. A contestant may promote himself voluntarily to a higher class at any time. b. Any contestant who has placed 1st in Introductory, Novice or Sportsman 3 times must move up to one of the higher classes the following year, provided that each 1st place win had at least two other contestants in that class. Any Novice contestant who accumulates a score of fifty points or more in his or her best four contests during the regular season must move to one of the higher classes no later than the end of the season in which the points were accumulated. Points garnered in the district championship events are excluded. c. A contestant entering an Antique event, in addition to a Regular event, must fly the same class as his Regular event. For Advanced pilots, the choice may be made between Sportsman and Expert. d. Age groups may be combined for Antique events at the Contest Director s option. 4. OFFICIAL FLIGHT: There is an official flight when an attempt at takeoff is made, whatever the result. a. There is an attempt when: ( 1 ) The pilot announces the start of the takeoff maneuver. ( 2 ) The model fails to commence the takeoff maneuver within the three (3) minutes allowed to each competitor. ( 3 ) If the engine stops after the pilot has announced the start of takeoff and before the model is airborne, it may be restarted within the three (3) minute period. However, no points will be awarded for the subsequent takeoff maneuver. b. Each contestant is entitled to one (1) attempt for each official flight. An attempt may be repeated at the discretion of the Contest Director if it has been interrupted due to a circumstance beyond the control of the contestant. c. Contestants must be present and ready when they are called to the flight line. Once a round is complete, there will be no makeup flights. Contestants who are not present will receive zero (0) points for each flight for which they are not present. d. The official flight is finished at the moment the plane reaches the end of its landing roll. At this point, the contestant announces Flight Complete and immediately taxies his plane off the runway to whatever area the Contest Director designates. If landing was dead stick, the pilot or his helper shall retrieve the plane as soon as permitted by the official (judge) in charge of the flight line. Back to Contents Event Guide 5

12 e. In the case of a Midair Collision (midair) between two contestants, SPA has adopted a regulation that furthers our inclusionary perspective on pattern flying. Mid-airs that result in the crippling of an aircraft, thereby requiring the pilot to fly an alternate aircraft, have traditionally resulted in the pilot s loss of the remainder of that round. The round, then, becomes a throwaway round due to an incident that is beyond any one s control. When a pilot loses an aircraft due to a midair collision, the pilot(s) involved have the option to finish the round with an alternative aircraft, if available. Thus, if the mid-air occurs during the performance of a maneuver and the pilot opts to resume the round, the flight will resume with the start of the maneuver during which the mid-air occurred. A maneuver is in progress during the time between when the pilot announces the beginning and completion of that maneuver. Should the mid-air happen during the time between maneuvers, the resumed flight will proceed with the next maneuver in the schedule. The purpose of this regulation is to permit the pilot, at his/her option, to finish a round that was prematurely terminated through no deliberate action on the part of the pilot(s) involved. The purpose is NOT to permit a pilot an opportunity to re-fly the entirety of a poor round, nor to finish a round after a crash into a fixed object or with terra firma. The rule does NOT apply in the case of a propulsion system failure (e.g., glow plug or battery failure), nor to the failure of part of an airframe not involved in a mid-air (e.g., wings folding during flight). These types of failures are deemed to be the responsibility of the pilot/builder, either during construction or preparation for flight. 5. FLIGHT PATTERNS AND MANEUVER AREA: The maneuver schedules of all classes must be executed in the order listed during an uninterrupted flight within the maneuver area designated by the Contest Director. Maneuvers must be performed where they can be clearly seen by the judges. a. Center maneuvers must be performed centered in the maneuver area in a plane exactly perpendicular to the judges line of sight to the model. Infractions are cause for downgrading in addition to those downgrades listed in the Description of Maneuvers, Section III. The Contest Director will clearly mark the center line for each flight line. b. Each time the model passes in front of the judges, a maneuver must be executed, excluding listed trim passes and fly-bys. In the maneuver lists (U) upwind and (D) downwind denote mandatory maneuver orientation. The orientation, or direction of flight, shall be determined by the direction of takeoff (U). c. The direction of takeoff shall be announced to the judges by the Contest Director prior to each round, or subsequently, if direction of the wind dictates. d. If a maneuver other than landing is done out of order, it shall be scored zero (0). Judges may inform the pilot or helper. The pilot shall be judged on the remaining maneuvers, providing Back to Contents Event Guide 6

13 they are executed in the proper sequence. If an illegal pass (crossing the line perpendicular to and centered on the judges) is made, the maneuver which should have been executed shall be scored zero (0). e. In all classes, the contestant or his helper must call out the name of the maneuver, as well as the initiation and completion for all maneuvers. f. Most in-flight maneuvers will be positioned on a line parallel to the runway at a distance no greater than 300 feet, and at a height less than 60 degrees from the judges viewpoint. Exceptions as to distance are granted for the Procedure Turn, Horizontal Figure Eight and Traffic Pattern maneuvers. g. All in-flight maneuvers will be preceded by straight and level flight for 50 feet after the announcement of the maneuver and before execution, and 50 feet after completion of the maneuver before announcement of completion. Exceptions: In Introductory and Novice, calls should only be made before Straight Flight Out and after Straight Flight Back. In Antique Sportsman, only before Straight Flight Out and after the Figure Eight. In Introductory, Novice and Antique Sportsman, after the completion of the Traffic Pattern, Landing will begin at 6 feet shall be announced. 6. POINT SYSTEM: All maneuvers shall be judged and scored individually on a basis of ten (10) to zero (0) to the nearest one half (1/2) point, with each individual maneuver score being multiplied by an assigned K factor degree of difficulty modifier. The flight score is the sum of each score multiplied by its K factor. K factors are presented on the SPA Call Cards. a. In each class, the winners shall be those contestants with the highest individual flight score if only one (1) round is flown. If two (2) or three (3) rounds are flown, the highest total of the best two (2) flight scores. If four (4) rounds are flown, the highest total of the best three (3) flight scores. If five (5) or more rounds are flown, the highest total of the best four (4) flight scores. b. Normalization of flight scores is not required. However, it is a Contest Director s option. c. Annual Points Champions. Each SPA district shall have a separate Annual Points Championship structured as follows for each class: 1) A pilot must fly in the Championship contest to be eligible. 2) Points awarded at the Championship contest shall count one and one half times the normal contest points. The four highest regular season contest point scores will be added to points earned at the Championship contest to determine the champions. Back to Contents Event Guide 7

14 3) Points are awarded as follows: a. 1 point for competing b. 1 point for each pilot beaten c. 5 points for 1 st Place d. 4 points for 2 nd Place e. 3 points for 3 rd Place f. 2 points for 4 th Place g. 1 point for 5 th place 4) All classes except Introductory shall be eligible for the Annual Points Championship. This is to encourage points winning Introductory pilots to move up to a higher class as soon as the criteria for moving up have been met. 7. SAFETY DECLARATION: Considerations of safety for spectators, contest personnel and other contestants are of utmost importance during the event. The following safety provisions must be observed. (Also see Safety Rule Regulations, SPA By-Laws.) a. At all sanctioned contests, each competitor shall sign an AMA Flight Safety Declaration. b. The Contest Director has the authority to perform safety inspections of any equipment. c. The Flight Line shall be defined as a straight line, infinitely long in both directions, in front of which all flying is done and in back of which all officials, contestants and spectators are positioned. The Contest Director may modify this to allow for special flying field situations. d. Dangerous flying of any sort, or poor sportsmanship of any kind, shall be grounds for disqualification of any contestant. e. The pilot shall remain near the judges while flying. In particular, the pilot shall stay off the runway and/or landing area during maneuvers except for taking off and landing. Back to Contents Event Guide 8

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16 Senior Pattern Association Section II Judges Guide

17 Contents SECTION II - JUDGES GUIDE 1 1. PRINCIPLES 1 a. Precision 1 b. Positioning 1 c. Size 2 d. Smoothness and Gracefulness 2 2. ACCURATE AND CONSISTENT JUDGING 2 3. JUDGING INDIVIDUAL MANEUVERS 2 4. MANDATORY ZERO 3 5. SUGGESTED DOWNGRADES 4 a. Stall Turns 4 b. Number of Loops, Spins or Axial Rolls 4 c. Major and Minor Defects 4 d. Maneuvers Off-Center 4 6. DESCRIPTION OF MANEUVERS 4 a. Lines 4 b. Loops 5 c. Rolls 5 d. Stall Turns 5 e. Spins 5 f. Loop/Roll Combinations 6

18 SECTION II - JUDGES GUIDE 1. PRINCIPLES: The principles of judging an RC model should be based on the perfection with which the model performs each maneuver described in Section III. The main criteria used to judge the degree of perfection are: a. Precision of the maneuver b. Positioning or display of the maneuver c. Size or dimensions of the maneuver d. Smoothness or gracefulness of the maneuver All of these criteria should be judged to determine the final score for each maneuver. These criteria are discussed below. a. Precision: Grading of a maneuver s precision will be based on how well the model flies the path of the individual maneuvers as described in Section III, Description of Maneuvers. All straight lines, both horizontal and vertical, will be graded on the path flown by the model. Changes in attitude of the model to maintain a straight path will not be reason for downgrading. ( 1 ) The judge should form an image of the forthcoming maneuver based on using the straight and level entry. The absence of a definite entry into a maneuver increases the difficulty of judging its precision. The straight and level exit from a maneuver is one of the more valuable portions of a maneuver in evaluating how well the intended course of the maneuver was followed. Therefore, the absence of a well-defined straight and level entry or exit should result in downgrading. ( 2 ) Failure to call the beginning or completion of the maneuver should result in a downgrade of a ½ point per missing call. b. Positioning: All scored maneuvers, except landing and takeoff, must be performed within the maneuvering area. The center maneuvers in all classes should be performed in the center of the maneuvering area in a plane exactly perpendicular to the judges line of sight to the model. ( 1 ) The diagrams used to describe the maneuvers in Section III are intended to represent the geometry of the maneuver. They are intended to define the best view of the maneuver to be Back to Contents Judges 1

19 presented to the judge. End on or canted presentations should be avoided, unless the maneuver is intentionally offset (with permission of the judges) to avoid the sun or another aircraft. ( 2 ) No bonus for exceptionally low altitude is justified. The entry and exit altitudes for most maneuvers should be the same. Exceptions include the Immelmann Turn, Inverted and regular Three Turn Spin and Traffic Pattern. Resultant downgrades should be proportionate to the difference. c. Size: Flying so far out as to make evaluation of a maneuver difficult should be downgraded. The main criterion here is visibility. Maneuvers performed on a line greater than 500 feet in front of the pilot should be downgraded, as even the keenest eye begins to lose perspective at this distance. ( 1 ) Since the size of the maneuvering area varies proportionally with the distance from the judges to the model s line of flight, the size of the maneuvers will vary as well. In addition, maneuvers should be proportioned relative to the size of the other maneuvers in the flight. ( 2 ) The competitor should proportion the maneuver sizes, especially those with loops, squares, or verticals, to the distance out within that broad corridor that he chooses to fly. Large maneuvers placed close in should be downgraded if exceeding the vertical 60 degree limit. Small maneuvers placed far out should be downgraded for appearing to hide the maneuver. ( 3 ) In all classes, the judge should be careful to judge only the skill with which the maneuver is flown and presented, not the performance of the aircraft. d. Smoothness and Gracefulness: A most general definition would relate to providing a smooth polished flow from start to finish. A perfect loop cannot be made up of a series of straight flight increments joined by sudden angular jerks. Rotations in the pitch axis of the model should be made evenly and be of sufficient radius to give a smooth appearance in flight. Excessively tight maneuvers should be severely downgraded. All these criteria should be judged to determine the final score for each maneuver. 2. ACCURATE AND CONSISTENT JUDGING: The most important aspect of consistent judging is for each judge to establish his standards and to maintain that standard throughout the contest. It is advisable for the Contest Director or Chief Judge to hold a briefing prior to the start of the contest in order to make the standards as uniform as possible. 3. JUDGING INDIVIDUAL MANEUVERS: The schedules of maneuvers to be performed are described in Section III. Each maneuver is to be scored individually on a basis of 10 to 0 points, in whole or 1/2 point increments, according to the degree of excellence. When in doubt, give the lower score. A 10 should be awarded only if no flaws are seen that would justify a lower score. a. Section III of this Guide contains a description of each maneuver and lists a number of reasons for downgrades. The maneuver should be downgraded according to: Back to Contents Judges 2

20 ( 1 ) the type of defect ( 2 ) the severity of the defect ( 3 ) the number of times any one defect occurs as well as the total number of defects ( 4 ) the positioning of the maneuver b. For example, a small single change in heading during the slow roll would be considered one defect, while two or three distinct turns would be considered two or three defects. Note that, for many maneuvers, there are more than six possible kinds of defects and that some of these can be repetitive. It is not possible to downgrade one point for each defect or, indeed, we would have many negative scores. Start positive scoring on the good parts of the maneuver if the score begins to get too low. 4. MANDATORY ZERO: The following is a collation of all mandatory zero (0) scores applicable to all Pattern Classes: a. Flying behind specified flight line during or between maneuvers b. Maneuver performed out of sequence c. Execution of an illegal pass d. Touching the plane before completion of the flight e. Maneuver not completed f. Model ends up on its back when landing g. Failure to take off h. Landing outside of runway or landing zone boundaries i. In spins, a snap roll, model not stalled or 2 or 4 turns are done j. A stall turn flops. On a double stall turn, a flop on both stall turns k. Where 3 rolls or loops are required and 2 or 4 are done Back to Contents Judges 3

21 Whenever a score of zero (0) is warranted, there should be acknowledgement and agreement between the judges. 5. SUGGESTED DOWNGRADES: Certain types of defects pose difficult judging decisions. The following guidelines are suggested: a. Stall Turns: A flop would receive a zero for a single stall turn. In the case of maneuvers with two, a flop of either would be downgraded 5 points; if both were flopped, a zero. These downgrades should be applied in addition to downgrades for any other defects observed. b. Number of Loops, Spins or Axial Rolls: Where 3 loops, rolls or spins are required and 2 or 4 are done, the maneuver will be given a zero (0). Rotation errors of spins should be penalized, for example a 90 degree error would draw a 6-point deduction. c. Major and Minor Defects: A minor error, such as a slight over rotation or heading correction, should be penalized a point for each occurrence. A major error, such as no entry or exit line to a maneuver, a stall turn radius exceeding 2 wingspans, or a total lack of a line segment after a roll where one is required, should earn a two point deduction for that fault alone. Point rolls must hesitate with equal time on each point. One (1) point is subtracted for slight variations, while more severe mistiming is further downgraded. If one or more points are not visible, or there are more than the required number of points, the maneuver is severely downgraded (five (5) or more points.) d. Maneuvers Off-Center: Deduct two (2) points for each quarter of the total maneuver s length that is offset. Examples (assuming no offset with the judges permission due to the sun): Loops offset so that the edge of the loop just reaches the judges, deduct four (4) points. For offsets of 1/4 loop, deduct 2 points. 6. DESCRIPTION OF MANEUVERS: All maneuvers consist of a number of basic elements such as lines, loops, rolls, stall turns and spins. A short discussion of these elements precedes the individual maneuver descriptions (Section III) to aid the judges in determining appropriate downgrades for deviations from defined maneuver geometry. a. Lines: All aerobatic maneuvers are started and ended by a horizontal line. ( 1 ) All lines within a maneuver have a beginning and an end which define their length. The length of a line should only be graded when a maneuver contains several lines with a given relationship, as in a Top Hat. Unequal or misrelated lines should be downgraded according to the severity of the defect. ( 2 ) Whenever a type of roll is placed on a line, the length of the line before and after the roll must be equal. Back to Contents Judges 4

22 b. Loops: A loop should have a constant radius to be judged perfect. A loop must start and end with a well-defined line, both of which should be horizontal for a full loop. For a partial loop such lines may be in another plane of flight, as required by the maneuver. ( 1 ) Partial loops flown as part of the same maneuver must have identical radii. A slight difference should downgrade the maneuver by one (1) point, while a more severe difference may downgrade it by two (2) or three (3) points. ( 2 ) Excessively tight radii should be downgraded as this violates the requirement for smoothness and gracefulness. c. Rolls: Rolls may be flown as individual maneuvers or as elements of other maneuvers. The following criteria apply to all rolls: ( 1 ) Roll rate must be constant. ( 2 ) Roll must have a well-defined start and stop ( 3 ) All rolls flown on lines between maneuver components (e.g., partial loops or stalls) must be centered on the line ( 4 ) Point rolls must hesitate with equal time on each point. d. Stall Turns: Stall turns consist of lines and partial loops as well as stall turns. ( 1 ) Lines must have exactly vertical and horizontal flight paths ( 2 ) Entry and exit must consist of partial loops with equal radii ( 3 ) Length of the vertical line is not a criterion ( 4 ) All rolls must be placed in the center of the lines ( 5 ) The stall turn standard pivot radius is one half (1/2) wingspan. A pivot of more than two (2) wingspans should be considered a defect e. Spins: All spins are begun and ended by a horizontal line. In order to accomplish a spin, the model must be stalled. The entry should be flown in a horizontal path with the nose high attitude increasing as the speed decreases the aircraft may even climb slightly as it approaches the stall (i.e., a pull-up). The nose then drops as the model stalls. Simultaneously, one wing drops in the direction of the spin. The following criteria apply to spins. Back to Contents Judges 5

23 ( 1 ) Snap roll or un-stalled entry scores zero ( 2 ) The stop of rotation is judged. An error of 150 degrees or more scores a zero. ( 3 ) A vertical downward line of visible length must be flown after the rotation stops. The pullout is judged as a partial loop ( 4 ) The attitude of the model during the spin is not a judging criterion as long as the model is stalled f. Loop/Roll Combinations: Such combinations are flown in the Immelmann Turn, Double Immelmann and the Cuban Eights. The following criteria apply: ( 1 ) During Immelmann maneuvers, the rolls should be accomplished immediately after the loop. A visible line in between should be downgraded ( 2 ) In the Cuban 8s, the 1/2 roll should be placed on the middle of the line. The half rolls should be placed at the same location of crossover point. Back to Contents Judges 6

24 Senior Pattern Association Section III Maneuver Descriptions

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26 Anatomy of an SPA Maneuver By Phil Spelt, SPA 177, AMA 1294 SPA pilots are flying what is called Precision Aerobatics, in the official AMA publications -- the old-time way (pre turnaround). The emphasis in that name is on the word Precision. That means pilots are supposed to display precise control of their aircraft in front of the judges. This precision should, ideally, be shown from the moment the plane is placed on the runway until it stops at the end of the landing rollout. Technically, the judges are only supposed to judge during the actual maneuvers, but they will notice either wild or tame turnarounds whether deliberately or accidentally. An SPA maneuver consists of five sections, which can be viewed as an onion sliced through the middle vertically so there are 2 pairs of layers, or parts, surrounding the actual maneuver in the center, as illustrated. The outer pair (sections 1 and 5) comprises the free flight area, which is used to turn the aircraft around and get it lined up to enter the next maneuver. Most pilots use a Split-S maneuver for the turnaround, thus maintaining the track of the plane at the distance from the runway at which the maneuvers are performed. This aids in keeping a proper tracking for the upcoming maneuver. The last part of the turnaround portion is the name of the upcoming maneuver. The illustration above shows the infamous Figure W with snap rolls in all 5 quadrants with a tip of the hat to our friend Sid Austin. The name of the maneuver should be called loud and soon enough to let the judges know what is coming next. This really helps judging, so they don t have to look down at the score sheet to see what is next. Sections 2 and 4 are almost as important as the maneuver itself. These are the required 50-foot minimum straight and level flight entering and exiting the maneuver, and are the parts that most often either are omitted entirely or are highly truncated. ALL airborne maneuvers require 50 feet of straight and level flight as a minimum, after the pilot has called Begin for the start of the maneuver, and before he calls End to complete it. The speed of our planes means that 50 feet is about 0.5 to 1 second of straight and level flight. Therefore, it is probably better to extend this segment to between 2 and 3 seconds, to present better to the judges. Many pilots think Oh, straight and level, of course I can do that However, many (most?) really need to practice that aspect of flying, once the plane has been properly set up to fly hands off straight and level with no wind. One other point to be made is the balance of the whole maneuver around the center line. Ideally, the absolute center of the maneuver is right on the center line in front of the judges. In order to keep the maneuver balanced, the straight and level segments must be of equal length if the beginning leg is, say, 67 feet, so the ending leg should also be 67 feet. In other words, a lengthy entry leg should be balanced by an equally lengthy exit leg.

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28 Maneuver Listing for each Class: SPA Introductory K 1. Takeoff (U) 1 2. Straight Flight Out (U) 1 3. Procedure Turn 2 4. Straight Flight Back (D) 1 5. Stall Turn (U) 2 6. Immelmann Turn (U) /2 Cuban 8 (U) Inside Loop (U) Horizontal Roll (D) Landing Perfection (U) 1 SPA Novice K 1. Takeoff (U) 1 2. Straight Flight Out (U) 1 3. Procedure Turn 2 4. Straight Flight Back (D) 1 5. Immelmann Turn (U) Inside Loops (U) Degree Turn (D) Horizontal Rolls (D) 2 9. Cuban 8 (U) Straight Inverted Flight (D) Stall Turn (U) Landing Perfection (U) 1 SPA Sportsman K 1. Takeoff (U) 1 2. Double Stall Turn (U) Horizontal Rolls (D) 2 4. Double Immelmann (U) 2 5. Slow Roll (D) Inside Loops (U) Degree Turn (D) 3 8. Cobra Roll with 1/2 Rolls (D) Reverse Outside Loop (U) Reverse Cuban 8 (D) Turn Spin (U) Landing Perfection (U) 1 SPA Advanced K 1. Takeoff (U) 1 2. Figure M (U) Horizontal Rolls (D) 2 4. Double Immelmann (U) 2 5. Slow Roll (D) Reverse Outside Loops (U) Degree Turn (D) 3 8. Triangle Rolling Loop (D) 4 9. Vertical 8 (U) Point Roll (D) Turn Spin (U) Landing Perfection (U) 1 SPA Expert K 1. Takeoff (U) 1 2. Figure M with 1/4 Rolls Rolls in Opposite Directions (D) 3 4. Double Immelmann (U) 2 5. Slow Roll (D) Reverse Outside Loops (U) Point Roll (D) 4 8. Inverted Reverse Cuban 8 (U) Point Roll (D) Square Loop with 1/2 Rolls (U) Degree Turn (D) Triangle Rolling Loop (D) Inverted 3 Turn Spin (U) Landing Perfection (U) 1

29 Maneuvers Index for the Cycle 1 Horizontal Roll (D) 1 1 Inside Loop (U) 2 1 Reverse Outside Loop (U) 3 1/2 Cuban Eight (U) Degree Turn (D) 5 2 Horizontal Rolls (D) 7 2 Rolls Opposite Directions (D) 8 3 Horizontal Rolls (D) 9 3 Inside Loops (U) 10 3 Reverse Outside Loops (U) 11 3 Turn Spin (U) 12 4 Point Roll (D) 13 8 Point Roll (D) 14 Cobra Roll with 1/2 Rolls (D) 15 Cuban 8 (U) 16 Double Immelmann (U) 17 Double Stall Turn (U) 18 Figure M With 1/4 Rolls (U) 19 Immelmann Turn (U) 20 Inverted 3-TurnSpin (U) 21 Inverted Rev Cuban 8 (U) 22 Landing Perfection (U) 23 Non-Rolling Fig. M (U) 24 Procedure Turn 29 Reverse Cuban 8 (D) 25 Slow Roll (D) 26 Square Loop - 1/2 Rolls (U) 27 Stall Turn (U) 28 Straight Flight Back (D) 29 Straight Flight Out (U) 29 Straight Inverted Flight (D) 30 Takeoff (U) 31 Triangle Rolling Loop (D) 32 Vertical 8 (U) 33

30 1 HORIZONTAL ROLL: Model rolls at a uniform rate through one (1) complete revolution in either direction. Center is inverted portion of maneuver. 1. Changes in heading during roll 2. Changes in altitude during roll 3. Roll rate not constant 4. Model does not perform exactly one roll Back to Index Maneuvers 1

31 1 INSIDE LOOP: The model starts the maneuver flying straight and level, then pulls up into a smooth, round loop with a straight and level recovery finish. 1. Loop not round and smooth 2. Wings not level during loop 3. Changes in heading during loop 4. Exit not same heading and altitude as entry Back to Index Maneuvers 2

32 1 REVERSE OUTSIDE LOOP: Model half rolls to inverted, pauses for greater than one (1) second and pushes up to execute an outside loop, pauses for greater than one (1) second then half rolls to level flight. 1 Loop not round 2 Changes in heading during loop and rolls 3 Wings not level during loop 4 Model pauses less than one (1) second before and after loops 5 Pauses of level flight not equal Back to Index Maneuvers 3

33 1/2 CUBAN EIGHT: Model flies past center and executes five-eighths (5/8) inside loop to 45 degrees down, hesitates, does one-half (1/2) roll, hesitates, then performs one-eighth (1/8) inside loop back to level flight in opposite direction as entry. 1. Loop segments not round with the same size and radius 2. Model not at 45 degrees before and after half roll 3. Changes in heading in loop segments or after half roll 4. Half roll not centered in 45 degree line 5. No hesitations before or after half roll Back to Index Maneuvers 4

34 180 DEGREE TURN: The plane starts in straight and level flight, pulls up into a vertical climb, rolls 90 degrees, performs half of an outside loop, rolls 90 degrees in the opposite direction to the first quarter roll and pulls out at the same altitude but with a 180 degree heading change. (More on next page.) 1. Entry not straight and level 2. Pull up is not to exact vertical climb 3. Roll is more or less than 90 degrees 4. Path of roll is not straight vertical line 5. Half outside loop deviates left or right 6. Half hoop is not smooth and round 7. Second 90 degree roll path is not straight vertical line 8. Pull out to level flight is sudden or jerky 9. Pull out is not to same altitude and 180 degrees opposite heading 10. Plane fails to perform straight and level flight at end to entry of maneuver Back to Index Maneuvers 5

35 180-deg Turn, added March 23, 2009 The original picture was not quite correct. The bottom radii shown are not the same size as the one across the top. The radius of the three areas marked (Z) should be the same. For example, if you pull up sharply, the 1/2 outside loop and the exit radius should be the same. Downgrades for the radius: You have three radii to fly, the entry, the 1/2 outside loop and the exit. Depending on the severity of the difference between the three, the downgrades should be from 1/2 point to 2 points per incident. If the first one is a smooth 1/4 loop taking 100 feet, the 1/2 outside loop takes 200 feet and is smooth, these two would be pretty much identical so no down grade here. If the exit 1/4 loop is squared off, and only takes say, 40 feet, the down grade would be 2 points, it were such that it took 75 feet then the down grade would be 1/2 point. This is a judgment call as you view the maneuver. Please note on the vertical 1/4 roll in the two areas marked (Y), there is NO vertical straight line. The roll starts as soon as the plane is vertical and the 1/2 outside loop starts as soon as the 1/4 roll is complete. Likewise the down line 1/4 roll starts as soon as the plane is vertical The center of the maneuver is located where the model starts the first ¼ loop. See the picture. Back to Index Maneuvers 6

36 2 HORIZONTAL ROLLS: Model rolls at a uniform rate through two (2) complete revolutions in either direction. Center is upright portion of maneuver between two rolls. 1. Changes in heading during rolls 2. Changes in altitude during rolls 3. Roll rate not constant 4. Model does not perform exactly two rolls Back to Index Maneuvers 7

37 2 Rolls in Opposite Directions: Model rolls 360 degrees in either direction, then immediately after rolls 360 degrees in the opposite direction, rolls to take approximately five seconds. 1. Changes in heading. 2. Changes in altitude. 3. Roll rate not constant. 4. Rolls not exactly 360 degrees. 5. Second roll does not start immediately after first roll. 6. Rolls take less than 4 or more than 6 seconds. Back to Index Maneuvers 8

38 3 HORIZONTAL ROLLS: The model enters from a straight and level flight and rolls on its axis to the right or left until three complete rolls are performed. The recovery must be on the same heading and altitude as the entry. 1. Model not level at the start of the rolls 2. The path traced out by the model is not a straight line, i.e. the plane does barrel rolls or suffers changes in heading 3. Roll rate not uniform throughout three rolls 4. Pause between rolls 5. Sudden changes in heading between rolls 6. The axis of the fuselage veers out at an angle to the flight path 7. Plane changes altitude during rolls 8. Plane does not do exactly three rolls 9. Plane is not level at end of rolls 10. Plane fails to do level flight at end of rolls Back to Index Maneuvers 9

39 3 INSIDE LOOPS: The model starts the maneuver flying straight and level, then pulls up into a smooth, round loop, followed by a second loop, and a third loop in exactly the same path with a straight and level recovery finish. 1. Loops not round and smooth 2. Loops not superimposed 3. Wings not level during loops 4. Changes in heading during loops 5. Exit not same heading and altitude as entry Back to Index Maneuvers 10

40 3 REVERSE OUTSIDE LOOPS: Model half rolls to inverted, pauses for greater than one (1) second and pushes up to execute an outside loop, performs 2 more outside loops on the same track as the first, pauses for greater than one (1) second then half rolls to level flight. 1. Loops not round 2. Changes in heading during loops and rolls 3. Wings not level during loops 4. Model pauses less than one (1) second before and after loops 5. Pauses of level flight not equal 6. Exit not same altitude and heading as entry Back to Index Maneuvers 11

41 3 TURN SPIN: The plane establishes a heading by flying straight and level, pulls up into a stall and commences the spin through one, two, three turns and recovers to level flight on the same heading as the initial flight direction. The judge must watch carefully to be sure this is a spin and not a vertical roll or spiral dive in the spin, some part of the plane always intersects an imaginary vertical line along the path of de-scent. In the spiral dive, the plane circles round, but outside of, the imaginary vertical line. 1. Initial heading not level 2. Commencement of first spin is sloppy or uncertain 3. Does not do exactly three turns. Less than two or more than four turns shall be scored zero 4. Does not recover on same heading as initial heading 5. If any of the three turns are spiral dives rather than spins, the score is zero 6. Rate of rotation in spin is excessively rapid 7. Does not finish level 8. Does not fly straight and level for 50 feet Back to Index Maneuvers 12

42 4 POINT ROLL: From a straight and level flight path, the model is rolled 90 degrees and holds this attitude, with the wings in a vertical position, long enough for it to be clearly defined. The model is then rolled another 90 degrees, in the same direction of rotation and holds the inverted attitude long enough for it to be clearly defined. This is followed by another 90 degree roll in the same direction, bringing the ship to another knife edge position. Following a similar pause in the roll, the ship finally rolls another 90 degrees to upright and level flight. 1. Model not level at start of roll 2. The path traced by the model is not a straight line. (The plane does barrel roll segments or suffers changes in heading.) 3. Sudden correction in heading between roll segments. 4. Plane changes altitude during roll 5. Plane does not pause long enough between each segment of roll 6. Wings are not exactly vertical at 1/4 and 3/4 positions 7. Plane fails to do level flight at end of roll. Back to Index Maneuvers 13

43 8 POINT ROLL: Model starts in level flight then rolls one complete rotation hesitating at each 1/8 revolution. Each 1/8 roll to be fortyfive degrees at each hesitation. The wing will be parallel with 45 or 90 degrees to the horizon. Model recovers on same heading and altitude as entry. 1. Model not level at start 2. Model does not hesitate after each 1/8 roll 3. 1/8 rolls more or less than 45 degrees 4. Model takes less than 4 or more than 6 seconds to complete roll 5. Time in each segment is not equal 6. Model not level at finish of maneuver 7. Model does not finish on same heading and altitude as entry Back to Index Maneuvers 14

44 COBRA ROLL WITH ½ ROLLS: From upright straight and level flight, the plane pulls up into a 45 degree climb, performs one half roll at a moderate rate, continues the 45 degree climb for a moment, goes over the top in what amounts to one-fourth of an inside loop and heads down at a 45 degree angle. Another one half roll, equal in length and time to the first, is performed, and finally, the plane pulls out at the same altitude and heading as the beginning. 1. Entry is not straight and level. 2. Climb is not 45 degree angle to ground. 3. Roll path traced out by model is not a straight line (I.e. plane barrel rolls or suffers change in heading) continuing in 45 degree climb. 4. No momentary straight flight between first roll and 1/4 inside loop or between 1/4 inside loop and second roll. 5. Flight path coming down is not at 45 degree angle to ground. 6. Second roll is not at same rate as first. 7. Roll path of second roll is not as described for first roll. 8. Pull out to level flight is not at same altitude and heading as entry. Back to Index Maneuvers 15

45 CUBAN EIGHT: The plane commences flying straight and level past center, pulls up into 5/8 of an inside loop until heading downward at 45 degrees, does a half roll followed by 3/4 of an inside loop until heading down at 45 degrees, does a half roll followed by straight and level recovery at the same altitude of entry. 1. Entry is not straight and level 7. Second loop not at same altitude 2. First roll not on 45 degree line 8. Second loop not same size as first loop 3. First loop not round or deviates to left or right 9. Maneuver not complete at same altitude and on same 4. Second roll not on 45 degree line heading as entry 5. Middle of second roll does not cross middle point 10. Plane fails to do straight and level flight at conclusion of first roll of maneuver 6. Second loop not round or deviates to left or right Back to Index Maneuvers 16

46 DOUBLE IMMELMANN: Model commences in straight and level flight, pulls into half an inside loop followed by a half roll to upright, does approximately 1 second of level flight followed by 1/2 outside loop, then followed by a half roll to upright, recovering in straight and level flight on the same heading and at the same altitude as the entry. 1. Entry not straight and level 9. Half outside loop not round or same size as first half loop 2. First half loop not round 10. Model deviates left or right during half loop 3. Model deviates left or right during half loop 11. Half loop not completed exactly below starting point 4. Half loop not completed exactly above starting point 12. Final half roll does not start immediately after half outside loop 5. Half roll does not start immediately after half loop 13. Final half roll longer or shorter than first half roll 6. Roll is not on a straight line and 180 degrees heading 14. Model does not finish on same heading and at same altitude as from entry entry 7. Plane goes immediately into outside loop upon 15. Plane fails to do straight and level flight at end of maneuver completion of half roll 8. Plane holds straight flight too long before going to outside loop Back to Index Maneuvers 17

47 DOUBLE STALL TURN: Model pulls up into one-quarter (1/4) loop to a vertical track then performs a stall turn through 180 degrees. Model then performs one-half (1/2) loop to a vertical track and performs another stall turn then recovers with another one-quarter (1/4) loop to level flight. The length of the vertical segments is not a judging criterion. 1. Model not flying straight and level at beginning and end of maneuver 2. Track of model does not become exactly vertical at points of turn. 3. Loop segments not round with same size and radius 4. Bottom of half loop not at same altitude as entry and finish 5. Model turns left or right during pull ups 6. Does not yaw tightly through 180 degrees 7. Return track more than one-half (1/2) wingspan from entry path 8. Return paths not parallel to entry paths 9. Maneuver not finished at same altitude as entry 10. Vertical segments not equal Back to Index Maneuvers 18

48 FIGURE M WITH ¼ ROLLS: Model pulls up into a vertical attitude, executes a quarter roll, stalls through 180, ¼ turns again in the same direction as the first roll, does a ½ outside loop to a vertical attitude again, ¼ rolls in the same direction as the first two, does an inverted stall turn through 180, ¼ rolls in the same direction as the other three and recovers to level flight. Viewed from the side the model executes a figure M. 1. Model not vertical at start and finish of rolls and stall turns. 2. Stall turns not 180 degrees. 3. ¼ rolls not exactly 90 degrees. 4. Bottom of outside loop not level with entry. 5. Changes in heading during outside loop or rolls. 6. Stall turns not at same altitude. Back to Index Maneuvers 19

49 IMMELMANN TURN: The model starts the Immelmann flying straight and level, pulls up into half loop followed by a half roll and finishes flying straight and level exactly 180 degrees from the heading at entry. 1. Model not level at start 2. Model deviates left or right during half loop 3. Half loop not completed exactly above point of commencement 4.Half roll does not commence immediately after of half loop half loop 5. Plane deviates from a straight line during roll 6. Model does not finish in level flight 7. Model heading does not finish exactly opposite the direction of entry 8. Half loop not round Back to Index Maneuvers 20

50 INVERTED THREE TURN SPIN: The plane establishes a heading by flying inverted straight and level, pushes up into a stall and commences the spin through three complete turns, then recovers to inverted level flight on the original heading. Judges must watch carefully to make sure plane is not in a spiral dive or vertical roll. 1. Model not level at entry 2. Commencement of first spin is sloppy or uncertain 3. Roll rate not uniform 4. Does not do exactly three turns. Less than 2-1/2 or more than 3-1/2 turns should be scored zero 5. Does not recover on same heading as initial heading 6. If any of the three turns are spiral dives rather than spins, the score is zero 7. Rate of rotation in spin is excessively rapid 8. Rate of rotation in spin is excessively rapid 9. Does not fly straight and level at finish of maneuver Back to Index Maneuvers 21

51 INVERTED REVERSE CUBAN EIGHT: The plane enters this maneuver in straight and level inverted flight, pushes up into a 45 degree climb, half rolls to upright and proceeds to outside loop until it is again climbing at a 45 degree angle. The plane then performs another half roll to upright flight that should cross the flight path of the first roll, then again proceeds to outside loop until it has reached straight and level inverted flight on the same heading and at the same altitude as the beginning. 1. Entry (inverted) is not straight and level 9. Maneuver not complete at same altitude and on same heading as entry. 2. First roll not on 45 degree line. 10. Plane fails to do straight flight at conclusion of first roll of maneuver. 3. First loop not round or deviates to left or right. 4. Second roll not on 45 degree line. 5. Middle of second roll does not cross middle point. 6. Second loop not round or deviates to left or right. 7. Second loop not at same altitude. 8. Second loop not same size as first loop. Back to Index Maneuvers 22

52 LANDING PERFECTION: When the contestant has his plane lined up and on heading for the final approach, and not less than six (6) feet off the ground, he must announce the start of the Landing maneuver. From this point on, the Landing will be judged. 1. Approach during landing too steep 2. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll during approach 3. Model impacts or thuds onto ground due to lack of flare 4. Model bounces on landing 5. Model turns left or right while rolling to a stop. Turns unnecessarily 6. All landings judged only for 50 feet after touch to avoid running off the runway may be excused if wind direction and down spot location are adverse. Back to Index Maneuvers 23

53 Stall Turn (opposite directions) NON-ROLLING FIGURE M: The model starts in straight and level flight, pulls up into a vertical attitude, and performs a stall turn through 180. The model then makes half an inverted loop pushing up again to vertical flight, performs second stall turn, and recovers on the same altitude and heading as the entry. 1. Model not level at start 9. Maneuver not finished at same altitude as entry 2. Does not become vertical 10. Model not level at finish of maneuver 3. Changes heading during climb 11. Second stall turn is in same direction as first stall 4. Turn radius at top of stall turns greater than two wing spans turn downgrade 2 points 5. Turns at top of stall turn are less than 180 degrees 6. Diving and climbing paths not parallel 7. Bottom of inverted position at different altitude than entry 8. Altitude of second stall turn different to that of first stall turn Back to Index Maneuvers 24

54 REVERSE CUBAN EIGHT: Plane commences in straight and level flight, pulls up into a 45-degree climb, half-rolls to inverted and proceeds to inside loop until it is again climbing at a 45-degree angle. Plane then does another half roll to inverted that should cross the flight path of the first roll, then again proceeds to inside loop until it has reached straight and level flight on the same heading and altitude as the beginning. 1. Entry not straight and level 2. First roll not on 45 degree line 3. Loop not round or deviation to left or right 4. Second roll not on 45 degree line 5. Middle of second roll does not cross middle point of first roll 6. Second loop not round or deviates to left or right 7. Second loop not at same altitude as first loop 8. Second loop not same size as first loop 9. Maneuver not completed at same altitude and on same heading as beginning 10. Model fails to do straight and level flight at end of maneuver Back to Index Maneuvers 25

55 SLOW ROLL: Model commences from straight and level flight and the rolls slowly at a uniform rate through one complete rotation. The approximate time of the roll to be five seconds. Note: No downgrade for slight overtime. 1. Model not level at entry 2. Plane deviates from a straight line during roll 3. Roll rate not uniform 4. Plane does not roll through exactly one revolution 5. Plane changes altitude during roll 6. Plane changes heading 7. Roll rate is too rapid resulting in less than five seconds elapse during roll 8. Plane is not level at finish of roll Back to Index Maneuvers 26

56 SQUARE LOOP WITH HALF ROLLS: Model pulls up and completes a square loop; in each side the model executes a ½ roll. 1. Loop not square. 2. Rolls not 180 degrees. 3. Wings not level during ¼ loops. 4. Changes in heading during rolls and loops. 5. Sides of square not of equal length. Back to Index Maneuvers 27

57 STALL TURN: The model starts from straight and level flight and noses up to a vertical position, yaws through 180 degrees, then dives along a parallel path and finishes the maneuver with the plane level at the same altitude as the entry. 1. Model not level at start 2. Does not become exactly vertical 3. Turns left or right during pull up 4. Does not yaw tightly through 180 degrees 5. Return path more than two (2) wing-spans from entry path 6. Return path not parallel to entry path 7. Maneuver not finished at same altitude as entry 8. Plane not level at finish of maneuver 9. Model does not fly straight and level to complete maneuver Back to Index Maneuvers 28

58 STRAIGHT FLIGHT OUT: The model must be brought exactly over the center of runway and/or landing circle and flown in an absolutely straight path into the wind for a distance of approximately 300 feet before starting the Procedure Turn (Distance does not have to be accurate, however, judges may specify start of turn it they wish). 1. Does not fly over center of runway and/or landing circle 2. Plane deviates left or right 3. Does not hold constant altitude 4. Turns before permission is given by judge 5. Gallops in elevation PROCEDURE TURN: After the straight flight, the model must turn exactly 90 degrees to the left or right, whichever will take the plane away from the spectator line (direction to be specified by the Contest Director) then exactly 270 degrees to the right (or left) and cross over the point where the first turn commenced. 1. First turn not 90 degrees 2. Second turn not 270 degrees 3. Change in altitude during turn 4. Turns not smooth and circular 5. Does not head back over exact outgoing path STRAIGHT FLIGHT BACK: The model should fly back toward the circle along the same line as the outgoing path and pass exactly over the circle. 1. Turns or wiggles during straight flight 2. Change in altitude 3. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll 4. Flight not along original path 5. Does not pass over circle Back to Index Maneuvers 29

59 STRAIGHT INVERTED FLIGHT: Model performs one-half (1/2) roll to inverted and flies straight and level inverted for a minimum of five (5) seconds, then performs one-half (1/2) roll back to level flight. Half rolls may be in either direction. 1. Half roll not level 2. Inverted flight not straight and level 3. Changes in heading during rolls and inverted flight 4. Path not parallel to flight line Back to Index Maneuvers 30

60 TAKEOFF: The model must start from a standstill. Model shall accelerate gradually and the takeoff run shall be in a straight line. Plane shall lift off gently and climb at a gradual angle, continuing in its straight flight path until at least six feet off the ground. Pilot shall call Takeoff (or maneuver) complete when model has gained at least six feet of altitude and is still climbing in a straight flight path. 1. Pushing or assisting the model when released. 2. Change in heading during the takeoff run 3. Jumping from the ground 4. Retouching the ground after become airborne 5. Too steep a climb angle 6. Gallops in pitch, roll or yaw during climb Back to Index Maneuvers 31

61 TRIANGLE ROLLING LOOP: Model pulls up into a 45-degree climb, holds the attitude for approximately one second, loops through135 degrees, does one complete roll, loops through 135 degrees, holds the attitude for approximately one second and recovers in level flight at the same point that the maneuver started. The climbing and descending portions should be the same length. 1. Climbing and descending paths not 45 degrees. 2. Climbing and descending paths not same length. 3. Roll not 360 degrees. 4. Model changes heading during loops and roll. 5. Model does not start and finish maneuver at same point. Back to Index Maneuvers 32

62 VERTICAL EIGHT: Model pulls up and executes a complete inside loop, at the bottom pushes over and completes an outside loop directly under the inside loop. 1. Loops not round and same diameter. 2. Changes in heading during loops. Back to Index Maneuvers 33

63 Senior Pattern Association Antique Pattern Sequences and Maneuvers Descriptions

64 Table of Contents ANTIQUE NOVICE 1 1. TAKEOFF 1 2. STRAIGHT FLIGHT OUT 2 3. PROCEDURE TURN 2 4. STRAIGHT FLIGHT BACK 2 5. THREE INSIDE LOOPS 3 6. ONE HORIZONTAL ROLL 4 7. IMMELMAN TURN 4 8. STALL TURN 5 9. SPLIT-S TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH LANDING PERFECTION SPOT LANDING 7 ANTIQUE SPORTSMAN 8 1. TAKEOFF 8 2. TOUCH-AND-GO 9 3. THREE HORIZONTAL ROLLS 9 4. THREE INSIDE LOOPS FOUR POINT ROLL DOUBLE IMMELMANN SLOW ROLL TAIL SLIDE CUBAN EIGHT: TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH LANDING PERFECTION SPOT LANDING 15

65 ANTIQUE EXPERT TAKEOFF TOUCH-AND-GO THREE HORIZONTAL ROLLS DOUBLE IMMELMANN EIGHT POINT ROLL THREE INSIDE LOOPS THREE OUTSIDE LOOPS FROM THE TOP TOP HAT SLOW ROLL VERTICAL EIGHT KNIFE EDGE FLIGHT TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH LANDING PERFECTION SPOT LANDING 24

66 MANEUVER ANTIQUE NOVICE K-FACTOR 1. TAKEOFF (U) 1 (DOWNWIND TRIM PASS) 2. STRAIGHT FLIGHT OUT (U) 1 3. PROCEDURE TURN (U) 2 4. STRAIGHT FLIGHT BACK (D) INSIDE LOOPS (U) HORIZONTAL ROLL (D) 2 7. IMMELMAN TURN (U) 2 8. STALL TURN (U) 2 9. SPLIT S (U) TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH (U) LANDING PERFECTION (U) SPOT LANDING (U) 2 Note: No Fly-Bys Allowed. Maneuvers flown out of sequence shall be scored zero (0). 1. TAKEOFF The model must start from a standstill. Model shall accelerate gradually and the takeoff run shall be in a straight line. Plane shall lift off gently and climb at a gradual angle, continuing in its straight flight path until at least six feet off the ground. Pilot shall call Takeoff (or maneuver) complete when model has gained at least six feet of altitude and is still climbing in a straight flight path. 1 Pushing or assisting the model when released. 2 Change in heading during the takeoff run 3 Jumping from the ground 4 Retouching the ground after becoming airborne 5 Too steep a climb angle 6 Gallops in pitch, roll or yaw during climb 7 Change in heading during climb 8 Dropping a wingtip Back to Contents Antique 1

67 2. STRAIGHT FLIGHT OUT The model must be brought exactly over the center of runway and/or landing circle and flown in an absolutely straight path into the wind for a distance of ape-proximately 300 feet before starting the Procedure Turn (Distance does not have to be accurate, however, judges may specify start of turn it they wish). 10. Does not fly over center of runway and/or landing circle 11. Plane deviates left or right 12. Does not hold constant altitude 13. Turns before permission is given by judge 3. PROCEDURE TURN After the straight flight, the model must turn exactly 90 degrees to the left or right, whichever will take the plane away from the spectator line (direction to be specified by the Contest Director) then exactly 270 degrees to the right (or left) and cross over the point where the first turn commenced. 1. Left turn not 90 degrees 2. Right turn not 270 degrees 3. Change in altitude during turn 4. Turns not smooth and circular 5. Does not head back over exact outgoing path 4. STRAIGHT FLIGHT BACK The model should fly back toward the circle along the same line as the outgoing path and pass exactly over the circle. 6. Turns or wiggles during straight flight 7. Change in altitude 8. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll 9. Flight not along original path 10. Does not pass over circle Back to Contents Antique 2

68 5. THREE INSIDE LOOPS The model starts the maneuver flying straight and level, then pulls up into a smooth, round loop, followed by a second loop, and a third loop in exactly the same path with a straight and level recovery finish. 5. Loops not round and smooth 6. Loops not superimposed 7. Wings not level during loops 8. Changes in heading during loops 9. Exit not same heading and altitude as entry Back to Contents Antique 3

69 6. ONE HORIZONTAL ROLL Model rolls at a uniform rate through one (1) complete revolution in either direction. Center is inverted portion of maneuver. 5. Changes in heading during roll 6. Changes in altitude during roll 7. Roll rate not constant 8. Model does not perform exactly one roll 7. IMMELMAN TURN The model starts the Immelmann flying straight and level, pulls up into half loop followed by a half roll and finishes flying straight and level exactly 180 degrees from the heading at entry. 5. Model not level at start 6. Model deviates left or right during half loop 3. Half loop not completed exactly above point of commencement of half loop 4. Half roll does not commence immediately after half loop 5. Plane deviates from a straight line during roll Back to Contents Antique 4

70 6. Model does not finish in level flight 7. Model heading does not finish exactly opposite the direction of entry 8. Half loop not round 8. STALL TURN The model starts from straight and level flight and noses up to a vertical position, yaws through 180 degrees, then dives along a parallel path and finishes the maneuver with the plane level at the same altitude as the entry. 1. Model not level at start 2. Does not become exactly vertical 3. Turns left or right during pull up 4. Does not yaw tightly through 180 degrees 5. Return path more than one and one-half wing-spans from entry path 6. Return path not parallel to entry path 7. Maneuver not finished at same altitude as entry 8. Plane not level at finish of maneuver 9. Model does not fly straight and level to complete maneuver 9. SPLIT-S Half roll to inverted with immediate half loop back to upright flight. Model must lose altitude anmake 180-degree change in heading. 1. Straight line before pulling to half loop 3. Exit not straight and level 2. Half loop not round 4. Exit heading not 180 degrees from entry Back to Contents Antique 5

71 Wind RIGHT OR LEFT PATTERN AT OPTION OF CONTEST DIRECTOR 100 FOOT CIRCLE 10. TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH The rectangular approach is commenced with the model flying into the wind above the transmitter, a turn of 90 degrees, a cross-wind leg, a second turn of 90 degrees, a downwind leg, a third turnoff 90 degrees, a cross-wind leg, a fourth turn of 90 degrees, and straight flight toward the point of touchdown. The maneuver is finished just prior to the point of touchdown (six feet altitude). Note: The contest director will announce whether the turns should be left or right. The rectangular approach may be downgraded because: 1. Legs of rectangle are not straight and perpendicular to each other. 2. The 90 degree turns are not smooth, precise or sharp. 3. Gallops in pitch, yaw, or roll during approach. 4. Attempts to break out of pattern to go around again. Zero points! 5. Model climbs during approach. 11. LANDING PERFECTION When the contestant has his plane lined up and on heading for the final approach, and not less than six (6) feet off the ground, he must announce the start of the Landing maneuver. From this point on, the Landing will be judged. 1. Approach during landing too steep 2. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll during approach 3. Model impacts or thuds onto ground due to lack of flare 4. Model bounces on landing 5. Model turns left or right while rolling to a stop. Turns unnecessarily to avoid running off the runway may be excused if wind direction and spot location are adverse. However, this leniency applies only if the model lands on the runway and should not be employed in cases where the flyer accidentally lands near the edge of the runway. 6. All landings judged only for 50 feet after touchdown. Back to Contents Antique 6

72 12. SPOT LANDING Landing within the 100-foot circle results in automatic awarding of the same number of points awarded in Landing Perfection. All judges should show agreement on their score sheets (Not on the amount of score, just on whether or not a Spot Landing was accomplished) and in the event of a disagreement, a majority vote of the judges should dictate. Back to Contents Antique 7

73 ANTIQUE SPORTSMAN MANEUVERS K-FACTOR 1. PROTO TAXI AND TAKEOFF (U) 2 (FLY BY FOR TRIM) 2. TOUCH AND GO (U) HORIZONTAL ROLLS (D) INSIDE LOOPS (U) 3 5. FOUR POINT ROLL (D) 4 6. DOUBLE IMMELMAN (U) 3 7. SLOW ROLL (D) 3 8. TAIL SLIDE (U) 3 9. CUBAN EIGHT (D) TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH (U) LANDING PERFECTION (U) SPOT LANDING 2 Note: No Fly-Bys Allowed. Maneuvers flown out of sequence shall be scored zero (0). 1. TAKEOFF The model must start from a standstill. Model shall accelerate gradually and the takeoff run shall be in a straight line. Plane shall lift off gently and climb at a gradual angle, continuing in its straight flight path until at least six feet off the ground. Pilot shall call Takeoff (or maneuver) complete when model has gained at least six feet of altitude and is still climbing in a straight flight path. 1. Pushing or assisting the model when released. 2. Change in heading during the takeoff run 3. Jumping from the ground 4. Retouching the ground after becoming airborne 5. Too steep a climb angle 6. Gallops in pitch, roll or yaw during climb 7. Change in heading during climb 8. Dropping a wingtip Back to Contents Antique 8

74 2. TOUCH-AND-GO After a smooth and gradual descent on a straight path into the wind, the model lands and slows down to taxi speed (approximately 1.4 the normal flight speed) but must not stop. Following this the model must accelerate and take off on the same heading as the entry. The maneuver may be downgraded for the following: 1. Approach during landing is too steep. 2. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll during approach. 3. Model impacts or thuds onto the ground due to lack of flare-out. 4. Model bounces on landing 5. Model deviates left or right while rolling on ground 6. Model fails to slow down to distinct taxi or unairborne condition. 7. Model stops on ground. 8. Changes in heading during take-off run. 9. Jumping from ground. 10. Retouching the ground after becoming airborne. 11. Too steep a climb angle. 12. Gallops in pitch, roll or yaw during climb. 13. Changes in heading during climb. 14. Dropping a wingtip. 15. Model is too far away to be seen clearly at any time during the maneuver. 3. THREE HORIZONTAL ROLLS The model enters from a straight and level flight and rolls on its axis to the right or left until three complete rolls are performed. The recovery must be on the same heading and altitude as the entry. 1. Model not level at the start of the rolls 2. The path traced out by the model is not a straight line. i.e. the plane does barrel rolls or suffers changes in heading 3. Roll rate not uniform throughout three rolls 4. Pause between rolls 5. Sudden changes in heading between rolls 6. The axis of the fuselage veers out at an angle to the flight path 7. Plane changes altitude during rolls 8. Plane does not do exactly three rolls 9. Plane is not level at end of rolls 10. Plane fails to do level flight at end of rolls Back to Contents Antique 9

75 4. THREE INSIDE LOOPS The model starts the Loops maneuver flying straight and level, then pulls up into a smooth, round loop, followed by a second loop, and a third loop in exactly the same path with a straight and level recovery finish. The maneuver may be downgraded because: A. During the first loop: 1. Entry not level. 2. Loop not round and smooth 3. Loop deviates left or right. 4. Finish of loop not at same altitude as entry. 5. Model pauses before start of second loop. B. During second loop: 1. Not on same heading as first loop. 2. Not the same circular path as first loop. 3. Loop deviates left or right. 4. Finish of loop not at same altitude as entry. 5. Model pauses before start of third loop. C. During third loop: 1. Not on same heading as first loop. 2. Not the same circular path as first loop. 3. Loop deviates left or right. 4. Recovery not at same altitude as entry. 5. Recovery not on same heading as entry. 6. Recovery not level Note: Loops must appear round and super-imposed to the ground-observer in the presence of the wind. 5. FOUR POINT ROLL From a straight and level flight path, the model is rolled 90 degrees and holds this attitude, with the wings in a vertical position, long enough for it to be clearly defined. The model is then rolled an-other 90 degrees, in the same direction of rotation and holds the inverted attitude long enough for it to be clearly defined. This is followed by another 90 degree roll in the same direction, bringing the ship to another knife edge position. Following a similar pause in the roll, the ship finally rolls another 90 degrees to upright and level flight. Back to Contents Antique 10

76 1. Model not level at start of roll 2. The path traced by the model is not a straight line. (The plane does barrel roll segments or suffers changes in heading.) 3. Sudden correction in heading between roll segments. 4. Plane changes altitude during roll 5. Plane does not pause long enough between each segment of roll 6. Wings are not exactly vertical at 1/4 and 3/4 positions 7. Plane fails to do level flight at end of roll. 6. DOUBLE IMMELMANN Model commences in straight and level flight, pulls into half an inside loop followed by a half roll to upright, does approximately 1 second of level flight followed by 1/2 outside loop, then fol-lowed by a half roll to upright, recovering in straight and level flight on the same heading and at the same altitude as the entry. 1. Entry not straight and level 9. Half outside loop not round or same size as first half loop 2. First half loop not round 10. Model deviates left or right during half loop 3. Model deviates left or right during half loop 11. Half loop not completed exactly below starting point 4. Half loop not completed exactly above 12. Final half roll does not start immediately after starting point half outside loop 5. Half roll does not start immediately after half 13. Final half roll longer or shorter than first half loop roll 6. Roll is not on a straight line and 180 degrees 14. Model does not finish on same heading and at from entry heading same altitude as entry 7. Plane goes immediately into outside loop upon 15. Plane fails to do straight and level flight completion of half roll at end of maneuver 8. Plane holds straight flight too long before going to outside loop Back to Contents Antique 11

77 7. SLOW ROLL Model commences from straight and level flight and then rolls slowly at a uniform rate through one complete rotation. The approximate time of the roll to be five seconds. Note: No downgrade for slight overtime. 1. Model not level at entry 2. Plane deviates from a straight line during roll 3. Roll rate not uniform 4. Plane does not roll through exactly one revolution 5. Plane changes altitude during roll 6. Plane changes heading 7. Roll rate is too rapid resulting in less than five seconds elapse during roll 8. Plane is not level at finish of roll 8. TAIL SLIDE The Tail Slide commences with straight and level flight, pulls up to a vertical position, slides downward tail first for two plane-lengths, recovers in a right-side-up position and finishes in straight and level flight at the same altitude as the entry. 1. Entry not level. 2. Pull-up not exactly vertical. 3. Does not fall tail first. 4. Yaws left or right. 5. Does not tail slide exactly two plane lengths. 6. Falls into inverted position. Zero points. 7. Does not finish with level flight for 50 feet. 8. Does not finish on same heading as entry. 9. Does not finish at same altitude as entry. Note: If the model does not slide backwards a recognizable amount, the score should be zero. Back to Contents Antique 12

78 9. CUBAN EIGHT: The plane enters this maneuver in straight and level flight, pulls up into a 45 degree climb, half rolls to inverted and proceeds to loop until it is again climbing at a 45 degree angle. The plane then performs another half roll to inverted flight that should cross the flight path of the first roll, then again proceeds to loop until it has reached straight and level flight on the same heading and at the same altitude as the beginning. 1. Entry is not straight and level 7. Second loop not at same altitude 2. First roll not on 45 degree line 8. Second loop not same size as first loop 3. First loop not round or deviates 9. Maneuver not complete at same altitude to left or right and on same heading as entry 4. Second roll not on 45 degree line 10. Plane fails to do straight and level flight 5. Middle of second roll does not cross at conclusion middle point of first roll of maneuver 6. Second loop not round or deviates to left or right Back to Contents Antique 13

79 Wind RIGHT OR LEFT PATTERN AT OPTION OF CONTEST DIRECTOR 100 FOOT CIRCLE 10. TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH The rectangular approach is commenced with the model flying into the wind above the transmitter, a turn of 90 degrees, a cross-wind leg, a second turn of 90 degrees, a downwind leg, a third turnoff 90 degrees, a cross-wind leg, a fourth turn of 90 degrees, and straight flight toward the point of touchdown. The maneuver is finished just prior to the point of touchdown (six feet altitude). Note: The contest director will announce whether the turns should be left or right. The rectangular approach may be downgraded because: 1. Legs of rectangle are not straight and perpendicular to each other. 2. The 90 degree turns are not smooth, precise or sharp. 3. Gallops in pitch, yaw, or roll during approach. 4. Attempts to break out of pattern to go around again. Zero points! 5. Model climbs during approach. 11. LANDING PERFECTION When the contestant has his plane lined up and on heading for the final approach, and not less than six (6) feet off the ground, he must announce the start of the Landing maneuver. From this point on, the Landing will be judged. 1. Approach during landing too steep 2. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll during approach 3. Model impacts or thuds onto ground due to lack of flare 4. Model bounces on landing 5. Model turns left or right while rolling to a stop. Turns unnecessarily to avoid running off the runway may be excused if wind direction and spot location are adverse. However, this leniency applies only if the model lands on the runway and should not be employed in cases where the flyer accidentally lands near the edge of the runway. 6. All landings judged only for 50 feet after touchdown. Back to Contents Antique 14

80 12. SPOT LANDING Landing within the 100-foot circle results in automatic awarding of the same number of points awarded in Landing Perfection. All judges should show agreement on their score sheets (Not on the amount of score, just on whether or not a Spot Landing was accomplished) and in the event of a disagreement, a majority vote of the judges should dictate. Back to Contents Antique 15

81 MANEUVER ANTIQUE EXPERT K-FACTOR 1. PROTO TAXI AND TAKEOFF (U) 1 (DOWNWIND TRIM PASS) 2. TOUCH AND GO (U) HORIZONTAL ROLLS (D) 3 4. DOUBLE IMMELMANN 3 5. EIGHT POINT ROLL (D) 4 6. THREE INSIDE LOOPS (U) 3 7. THREE OUTSIDE LOOPS FM TOP (D) 3 8. TOPHAT (U) 3 9. SLOW ROLL (D) VERTICAL EIGHT (U) KNIFE EDGE FLIGHT (D) TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH LANDING PERFECTION(U) TAXI TO HANGAR) 2 Note: No Fly-Bys Allowed. Maneuvers flown out of sequence shall be scored zero (0). 1. TAKEOFF The model must start from a standstill. Model shall accelerate gradually and the takeoff run shall be in a straight line. Plane shall lift off gently and climb at a gradual angle, continuing in its straight flight path until at least six feet off the ground. Pilot shall call Takeoff (or maneuver) complete when model has gained at least six feet of altitude and is still climbing in a straight flight path. 1. Pushing or assisting the model when released. 2. Change in heading during the takeoff run 3. Jumping from the ground 4. Retouching the ground after become airborne 5. Too steep a climb angle 6. Gallops in pitch, roll or yaw during climb 7. Change in heading during climb 8. Dropping a wingtip Back to Contents Antique 16

82 2. TOUCH-AND-GO After a smooth and gradual descent on a straight path into the wind, the model lands and slows down to taxi speed (approximately 1.4 the normal flight speed) but must not stop. Following this the model must accelerate and take off on the same heading as the entry. The maneuver may be downgraded for the following: 1. Approach during landing is too steep. 2. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll during approach. 3. Model impacts or thuds onto the ground due to lack of flare-out. 4. Model bounces on landing 5. Model deviates left or right while rolling on ground 6. Model fails to slow down to distinct taxi or unairborne condition. 7. Model stops on ground. 8. Changes in heading during take-off run. 9. Jumping from ground. 10. Retouching the ground after becoming airborne. 11. Too steep a climb angle. 12. Gallops in pitch, roll or yaw during climb. 13. Changes in heading during climb. 14. Dropping a wingtip. 15. Model is too far away to be seen clearly at any time during the maneuver. 3. THREE HORIZONTAL ROLLS The model enters from a straight and level flight and rolls on its axis to the right or left until three complete rolls are performed. The recovery must be on the same heading and altitude as the entry. 1. Model not level at the start of the rolls 2. The path traced out by the model is not a straight line. i.e. the plane does barrel rolls or suffers changes in heading 3. Roll rate not uniform throughout three rolls 4. Pause between rolls 5. Sudden changes in heading between rolls 6. The axis of the fuselage veers out at an angle to the flight path 7. Plane changes altitude during rolls 8. Plane does not do exactly three rolls 9. Plane is not level at end of rolls 10. Plane fails to do level flight at end of rolls Back to Contents Antique 17

83 4. DOUBLE IMMELMANN Model commences in straight and level flight, pulls into half an inside loop fol-lowed by a half roll to upright, does approximately 1 second of level flight followed by 1/2 outside loop, then followed by a half roll to upright, recovering in straight and level flight on the same heading and at the same altitude as the entry. 1. Entry not straight and level 2. First half loop not round 3. Model deviates left or right during half loop 4. Half loop not completed exactly above starting point 5. Half roll does not start immediately after half loop 6. Roll is not on a straight line and 180 degrees heading from entry 7. Plane goes immediately into outside loop upon completion of half roll 8. Plane holds straight flight too long before going to outside loop 9. Half outside loop not round or same size as first half loop 10. Model deviates left or right during half loop 11. Half loop not completed exactly below starting point 12. Final half roll does not start immediately after half outside loop 13. Final half roll longer or shorter than first half roll 14. Model does not finish on same heading and at same altitude as entry Back to Contents Antique 18

84 5. EIGHT POINT ROLL Model starts in level flight then rolls one complete rotation hesitating at each 1/8 revolution. Each 1/8 roll to be forty-five degrees at each hesitation. The wing will be parallel with 45 or 90 degrees to the horizon. Model recovers on same heading and altitude as entry.. 1. Model not level at start 2. Model does not hesitate after each 1/8 roll 3. 1/8 rolls more or less than 45 degrees 4. Model takes less than 4 or more than 6 seconds to complete roll 5. Time in each segment is not equal 6. Model not level at finish of maneuver 7. Model does not finish on same heading and altitude as entry 6. THREE INSIDE LOOPS The model starts the maneuver flying straight and level, then pulls up into a smooth, round loop, followed by a second loop, and a third loop in exactly the same path with a straight and level recovery finish. 1. Loops not round and smooth 2. Loops not superimposed 3. Wings not level during loops 4. Changes in heading during loops 5. Exit not same heading and altitude as entry Back to Contents Antique 19

85 7. THREE OUTSIDE LOOPS FROM THE TOP The model commences the outside loop flying straight and level, then noses down into three outside loops and recovers straight and level on the same heading and altitude as the entry. The outside loops are downgraded in the same manner as the inside loops: 1. Loops not round and smooth 2. Loops not superimposed 3. Wings not level during loops 4. Changes in heading during loops Back to Contents Antique 20

86 8. TOP HAT Model starts in straight level flight, pulls up into vertical climb and makes a half roll, then levels out inverted on the same heading as entry. After short inverted flight, model dives vertically, performs a half roll and finally recovers in straight level upright flight on same heading and height as entry. 1. Model does not start level. 2. Model doesn t go exactly vertical before starting roll 3. Roll does not stop at exactly 180 degrees from entry 4. Model does not climb vertically for equal time before and 5. Inverted flight path at top is not level 6. Model does not fly inverted for the same distance as the vertical climb and roll 7. Model does not dive vertically briefly before starting half roll 8. Second half roll not started at the same altitude as that where the first half roll was completed. 9. Second half roll not completed at same altitude as that where first roll started after 1/2 roll 10. Model does not dive vertically for a brief period after completing second half roll 11. Model deviates left or right of the entry path at any point in the maneuver 12. Model does not recover at same altitude and heading as entry 9. SLOW ROLL Model commences from straight and level flight and rolls slowly at a uniform rate through one complete rotation. The approximate time of the roll to be five seconds. Note: No downgrade for slight overtime. 1. Model not level at entry 2. Plane deviates from a straight line during roll 3. Roll rate not uniform Back to Contents Antique 21

87 4. Plane does not roll through exactly one revolution 5. Plane changes altitude during roll 6. Plane changes heading 7. Roll rate is too rapid resulting in less than five seconds elapse during roll 8. Plane is not level at finish of roll 10. VERTICAL EIGHT Level entry, one half inside loop, one complete outside loop, one half inside loop, and level recovery at same altitude as entry. The complete maneuver is an eight in the vertical plane with all parts of the figure above the entry-recovery altitude. Back to Contents Antique 22

88 11. KNIFE EDGE FLIGHT: From straight and level flight path, model does a quarter roll (90 degrees) in either direction and holds this attitude for three full seconds. Model is then rolled back in the opposite direction to level, upright flight. The maneuver may be downgraded for the following reasons: 1. Model not level at start of roll. 2. The path traced by the model is not a straight line. 3. The axis of the fuselage veer out too much of an angle to the flight path. 4. Knife edge attitude not held for at least 3 seconds. 5. Wings are not exactly vertical throughout the three seconds of knife edge flight. 6. Plane changes altitude or heading. 7. Recovery roll is in same direction as entry roll, zero points Wind RIGHT OR LEFT PATTERN AT OPTION OF CONTEST DIRECTOR 100 FOOT CIRCLE 12. TRAFFIC PATTERN APPROACH The rectangular approach is commenced with the model flying into the wind above the transmitter, a turn of 90 degrees, a cross-wind leg, a second turn of 90 degrees, a downwind leg, a third turnoff 90 degrees, a cross-wind leg, a fourth turn of 90 degrees, and straight flight toward the point of touchdown. The maneuver is finished just prior to the point of touchdown (six feet altitude). Note: The contest director will announce whether the turns should be left or right. The rectangular approach may be downgraded because: 1. Legs of rectangle are not straight and perpendicular to each other. 2. The 90 degree turns are not smooth, precise or sharp. 3. Gallops in pitch, yaw, or roll during approach. 4. Attempts to break out of pattern to go around again. Zero points! 5. Model climbs during approach. Back to Contents Antique 23

89 13. LANDING PERFECTION When the contestant has his plane lined up and on heading for the final approach, and not less than six (6) feet off the ground, he must announce the start of the Landing maneuver. From this point on, the Landing will be judged. 1. Approach during landing too steep 2. Gallops in pitch, yaw or roll during approach 3. Model impacts or thuds onto ground due to lack of flare 4. Model bounces on landing 5. Model turns left or right while rolling to a stop. Turns unnecessarily to avoid running off the runway may be excused if wind direction and spot location are adverse. However, this leniency applies only if the model lands on the runway and should not be employed in cases where the flyer accidentally lands near the edge of the runway. 6. All landings judged only for 50 feet after touchdown. 14. SPOT LANDING Landing within the 100-foot circle results in automatic awarding of the same number of points awarded in Landing Perfection. All judges should show agreement on their score sheets (Not on the amount of score, just on whether or not a Spot Landing was accomplished) and in the event of a disagreement, a majority vote of the judges should dictate. Back to Contents Antique 24