Perspectives in English Urban History

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1 Perspectives in English Urban History Each volume in this series is designed to make available to students important new work on key historical problems and periods that they encounter in their courses. Every volume is devoted to a central topic or theme, and the most important aspects of this are dealt with by specially commissioned essays from specialists in the relevant field. The editorial Introduction reviews the problem or period as a whole, and each essay provides an assessment of the particular aspect, pointing out the areas of development and controversy and indicating where conclusions can be drawn or where further work is necessary. An annotated bibliography serves as an up-to-date guide to further reading.

2 PROBLEMS IN FOCUS SERIES Britain after the Glorious Revolution edited by Geoffrey Holmes Britain Pre-eminent: Studies of British World Influence in the Nineteenth Century edited by C. J. Bartlett Popular Movement c edited by J. T.Ward The Republic and the Civil War in Spain edited by Raymond Carr Financing and Development in Latin America edited by Keith Griffin The Hundred Y ears War edited by Kenneth Fowler The Interregnum: The Quest for Settlement edited by G. E. Aylmer The Reign of James VI and I edited by Alan G. R. Smith The Origins of the English Civil War edited by Conrad Russell Sweden's Age of Greatness edited by Michael Roberts Perspectives in English Urban History edited by Alan Everitt FORTHCOMING TITLES Industrial Revolutions edited by R. M. Hartwell The Conservative Leadership edited by Donald Southgate

3 Perspectives in English Urban History EDITED BY ALAN EVERITT Palgrave Macmillan

4 > Alan E-oeritt, R. C. W. Cox, Michael LaitJrwaite, D. M. Palliser, Alan Rogers, W. B. Stephens, John Whyman 1973 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1St edition 1973 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published 1973 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras ISBN SBN ISBN (ebook) DOI /

5 Contents List of Illustrations Note on Transcription Acknowledgements Introduction ALAN EVERITT 1 Late Medieval Stamford: A Study of the Town Council ALAN ROGERS 2 York under the Tudors: The Trading Life of the Northern Capital 39 D. M. PALLISER 3 The Buildings of Burford: A Cotswold Town in the Fourteenth to Nineteenth Centuries 60 MICHAEL LAITHWAITE 4 The English Urban Inn, ALAN EVERITT 5 A Hanoverian Watering-Place: Margate before the Railway 138 JOHN WHYMAN 6 Early Victorian Coventry: Education in an Industrial Community, W. B. STEPHENS 7 The Old Centre of Croydon: Victorian Decay and Redevelopment 184 R. c. W. cox 8 Town and Country in Victorian Leicestershire: The Role of the Village Carrier 213 ALAN EVERITT vii ix ix 1 91

6 List of Abbreviations in Bibliography and References 241 Bibliography 242 References and Notes on Text 252 Notes on Contributors 263 Index 265

7 List of Illustrations MAPS AND FIGURES Fig. I Plan of Burford, Fig. 2 Stuart Thomas's shop, High Street, Burford 73 Fig. 3 Houses in High Street, Burford 74-5 Fig. 4 Bull Cottage, Witney Street, Burford 76 Fig. 5 (a) Highway Hotel, High Street, Burford (b) Calendars, Sheep Street, Burford (c) Grammar School Cottage, High Street, Burford 78 Fig. 6 (a) Bay Tree Hotel, Sheep Street, Burford (b) The Gabled House, High Street, Burford 79 Fig. 7 Edgehill, High Street, Burford 80 Fig. 8 Castle's Shop, High Street, Burford 82 Fig. 9 (a) London House, High Street, Burford (b) Symon's Close, High Street, Burford 84 Fig. 10 The Bear Inn, High Street, Burford 86 Fig. I I Taylor's Shop, High Street, Burford 87 Fig. I2 Crown Cottage, High Street, Burford 89 Fig.13 Map of Central Croydon in Fig.14 Map of Central Croydon in the 1950S 211 Fig.I5 Leicester Carriers' Routes in PLATES II III IV V VI I Bull Cottage, Witney Street, Burford, in 1840 East side of High Street, Burford: ( a) and (b) Falkland Hall, High Street, Burford, in 1821 Calendars, Sheep Street, Burford, in 1821 Wisdom's Cottages, Burford Edgehill, High Street, Burford

8 Note on Transcription THE spelling, punctuation and capitalisation of quotations from contemporary sources have in general been modernised, except where authors have considered it necessary to retain the original orthography. Acknowledgements THE editor thanks Her Majesty's Stationery Office for permission to reproduce details from the Ordnance Surveys of Croydon of 1954 and 1961; and the Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford, for permission to reproduce the 1898 plan of Taylor's shop in the High Street, Burford, in the college library. A.H. P.E.H.-I*

By the same author * THE MIDLAND PEASANT THE MAKING OF THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE LOCAL HISTORY IN ENGLAND

PROVINCIAL ENGLAND By the same author * THE MIDLAND PEASANT THE MAKING OF THE ENGLISH LANDSCAPE LOCAL HISTORY IN ENGLAND Morwenstow Churc h : an isolated church typical of th e south-west TI lt, l/t i