Vanderhorstia steelei, a new shrimpgoby from the Society Islands

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1 aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Vanderhorstia steelei, a new shrimpgoby from the Society Islands John E. Randall 1 and Philip L. Munday 2 1) Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, HI , USA. jackr@hawaii.rr.com 2) ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia Received: 22 September 2007 Accepted: 04 October 2007 Abstract Vanderhorstia steelei is described as a new species of shrimpgoby from six specimens collected on silty sand from 5 m depth in Cook s Bay, Moorea, Society Islands. The species is distinguished by 15 dorsal soft rays, 16 anal soft rays, 17 or 18 pectoral rays, scales in longitudinal series, a slender body (depth in standard length), lanceolate and terminally bilobed caudal fin, and a color pattern featuring narrow dark bars on the body (from dark brown scale edges) that contain scales with bright yellow centers. Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird Vanderhorstia steelei als neue Art auf der Grundlage von sechs Exemplaren, die in einer Tiefe ab fünf Metern in der Cook-Bucht, Moorea, an den Gesellschafts- Inseln über schlammigem Sand gesammelt wurden. Unterscheiden lässt sich die Art durch 15 weiche Rückenflossenstrahlen, 16 weiche Afterflossenstrahlen, 17 oder 18 Brustflossenstrahlen, 55 bis 58 Schuppen in Längsreihen, einen schlanken Körper (Tiefe 6,4 bis 7,4 in Standardlänge), eine lanzettförmige, am Ende zweilappige Schwanzflosse sowie durch die Farbgebung: schmale dunkle Streifen auf dem Rumpf (durch dunkelbraune Schuppenränder bewirkt), wobei die Schuppen jeweils in der Mitte leuchtend gelb sind. Résumé Vanderhorstia steelei est décrit en tant que nouvelle espèce de gobie crevette sur base de six spécimens collectés sur du sable envasé à 5 m de profondeur, dans la Baie de Cook, Moorea, Îles de la Société. L espèce se distingue par 15 rayons mous à la dorsale, 16 rayons mous à l anale, 17 ou 18 rayons pectoraux, écailles en séries longitudinales, un corps élancé (6,4-7,4 de hauteur par rapport à la longueur standard), une caudale lancéolée et bilobée à l extrémité, et un patron de coloration fait d étroites barres sombres sur le corps (de bords d écailles brun foncé) qui contiennent des écailles à centre jaune clair. Sommario Vanderhorstia steelei è descritta come nuova specie di go - bide simbionte di gamberetti sulla base di sei esemplari raccolti su fondali sabbiosi a 5 m di profondità presso la baia di Cook, a Moorea, Isole della Società. La specie si di stingue per avere 15 raggi molli dorsali, 16 raggi molli anali, 17 o 18 raggi pettorali, scaglie in serie longitudinale, un corpo longilineo (altezza in lunghezza standard), la pinna caudale lanceolata e bilobata distalmente e una colorazione che mostra sottili barre scure sul corpo (derivanti dal margine marrone scuro delle scaglie) che racchiudono scaglie dall area centrale giallo brillante. INTRODUCTION The Indo-Pacific gobiid fish genus Vanderhorstia was proposed by Smith (1949) for Gobius delagoae Barnard, 1937 from Mozambique. Smith (1959), provided a brief diagnosis for the genus and added a second species, V. ornatissima Smith, 1959, also from Mozambique. Five other species of gobies described before 1959 are now recognized in Vanderhorstia: V. atriclypeus (Garman, 1903) from Fiji; V. longimanus (Weber, 1909) from Indonesia; V. macropteryx (Franz, 1910) from Japan (re des cribed by Ikeda et al., 1995); V. auropunctata (Tomiyama, 1955) from Japan; and V. ambanoro (Fourmanoir, 1957) from Madagascar. Five more new species were described in the period , four of them initially classified in the genus Vanderhorstia: V. mertensi Klausewitz, 1974 from the Red Sea; V. lanceolata Yanagisawa, 1978 from Japan; V. puncticeps (Deng & Xiong in Xu et al., 1980) from China; V. praealta Lachner & McKinney, 1981 from the Seychelles; and V. flavilineata Allen & Munday, 1995 from New Britain, Papua New Guinea. There have been a surprising 12 descriptions of new species of Vanderhorstia between 2004 and the present, therefore the same number in the last four years as in the previous 100 years: V. papilio Shibukawa & Suzuki, 2004 from Japan; V. nannai Winterbottom, Iwata & Kozawa, 2005; V. bella Greenfield & Longenecker, 2005 from Fiji; V. nobilis Allen & Randall, 2006 from the Philippines; V. opercularis Randall, 35

2 Vanderhorstia steelei, a new shrimpgoby from the Society Islands 2007a from the Red Sea; V. hiramatsui, V. kizakura, and V. rapa Iwata, Shibukawa & Ohnishi, 2007 from Japan; V. attenuata Randall, 2007b from the Solomon Islands; V. auronotata Randall, 2007b from Indonesia; V. belloides Randall, 2007b from Papua New Guinea, and V. dorsomacula Randall, 2007b from New Britain. Here we describe the twenty-fifth species from six specimens collected in Moorea, Society Islands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS); the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH); Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM); National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT); and the United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. (USNM). Methods of counting and measuring specimens follow Randall (2007b). Morphometric data presented in Table 1 are given as percentages of the standard length (SL). Data in parentheses in the description apply to paratypes. Proportional measurements in the text are rounded to the nearest Vanderhorstia steelei n. sp. (Figs 1-4; Table I) Vanderhorstia ornatissima (non Smith, 1959). Bacchet et al. 2006: , identification on p. 459 (lagoon of Pirai, Tahiti). Holotype: BPBM 40665, male, 51.9 mm SL, Society Islands, Moorea, Cook s Bay, Gump Research Station, boat mooring, S W, silty sand, 5 m, clove oil, P. L. Munday, 19 July Paratypes: AMS I , male, 31.0 mm SL; BMNH , female, 33.9 mm SL; BPBM 40666, female, 40.7 mm SL; NSMT-P 77287, male, 42.2 mm SL; USNM , female, 45.0 mm SL, all with same data as holotype. Diagnosis: Dorsal rays VI-I,15; anal rays I,15 or 16 (rarely 15); pectoral rays 17 or 18; scales in longitudinal series 55-58; no scales on head, or predorsal or prepectoral areas; body elongate, the depth in SL; orbit diameter in head length; fourth dorsal spine longest, in SL; caudal fin lanceolate and terminally bilobed, the sixth and tenth branched rays longest, in SL; pectoral fins reaching to above or slightly beyond anus, in SL; pelvic fins reaching beyond anus, in SL; color in alcohol pale yellowish, the edges of scales brown; upper side of body with narrow dark bars from darker brown scale edges; a series of dark spots dorsally on body from dark brown scale edges; cheek and opercle light gray-brown with pale spots, some nearly as large as pupil; a blackish streak in groove above upper lip; median fins spotted; life color as in Figs 2 and 3. Description: Dorsal rays VI-I,15; anal rays I,16 (one paratype with 15); all dorsal and anal soft rays branched, the last to base; pectoral rays 17 (two paratypes with 17, and three with 18), the uppermost unbranched; pelvic rays I,5, all soft rays branched, the fifth rays joined medially; segmented caudal-fin rays 17, 14 branched; upper and lower unsegmented caudal rays?; longitudinal scale series 56 (55-58), progressively smaller anteriorly; transverse scale rows 19; no median predorsal scales; median prepelvic scales 9; circumpeduncular scales 12; gill rakers ( ); pseudobranch with 7 (7-8) short fleshy lobes; branchiostegal rays 5. Body elongate, the depth at origin of pelvic fins Fig. 1. Holotype of Vanderhorstia steelei, BPBM 40665, 59.2 mm, Moorea, Society Islands. Photo by J. E. Randall. 36

3 John E. Randall and Philip L. Munday Table I. Proportional measurements of type specimens of Vanderhorstia steelei as percentages of the standard length. Holotype Paratypes BPBM AMS BMNH BPBM NSMT- USNM I P Standard length (mm) Sex male male female female male female Body depth (at P2 origin) Body depth (at A origin) Body width Head length Head width Snout length Orbit diameter Interorbital width Cheek depth Upper-jaw length Caudal-peduncle depth Caudal-peduncle length Predorsal length Preanal length Prepelvic length Base of dorsal fins First dorsal spine Longest dorsal spine broken Fifth dorsal spine Spine of second dorsal fin 8.9 aberrant Longest dorsal ray Base of anal fin Anal spine Longest anal ray Caudal-fin length Pectoral-fin length Pelvic-spine length Pelvic-fin length Fig. 2. Cephalic sensory pores and papillae of holotype of Vanderhorstia steelei. Drawing by A. Field. 37

4 Vanderhorstia steelei, a new shrimpgoby from the Society Islands Fig. 3. Underwater photograph of Vanderhorstia steelei, Moorea. Photo by M. H. Steele. Fig. 4. Underwater photograph of Vanderhorstia steelei with Alpheus rapacida, Tahiti. Photo by P. Bacchet. 38

5 John E. Randall and Philip L. Munday 7.0 ( ) in SL, at origin of anal fin 7.7 ( ) in SL; body compressed, the width at pectoralfin origin 1.35 ( ) in body depth; head length 3.95 ( ) in SL; head compressed, the width 1.35 ( ) in body depth; snout length 4.6 ( ) in head length; orbit diameter 4.0 ( ) in head length; interorbital space narrow, the least width 19.4 ( ) in head length; caudalpeduncle depth 3.25 ( ) in head length; caudal-peduncle length 1.95 ( ) in head length. Mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 30 to horizontal axis of body, the lower jaw projecting; mouth large, the maxilla reaching or nearly reaching a vertical at posterior edge of orbit, the upper-jaw length 2.35 ( ) in head length; front of upper jaw with three small, incurved, nearly recumbent, canine teeth on each side, the lateral pair largest, the inner pair convergent; side of jaw posterior to canines with a row of more than 30 tiny incurved teeth, no larger than a medial row of papillae; front of lower jaw with two rows of small incurved teeth, ending about one-fourth distance back in jaw by a series of four or five recurved canine teeth, one or two as large as largest canine at front of upper jaw, followed by a single row of moderate, slightly incurved, conical teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; roof of mouth with prominent wellspaced papillae; edge of lips smooth, the inner surface papillose; tongue tip rounded, the upper surface and roof of mouth with scattered papillae; no distinct mental flap. Gill opening broad, extending forward to a vertical at posterior edge of orbit; gill membranes attached only anteriorly to isthmus, with no free fold; gill rakers slender, the longest at angle about half length of longest gill filaments. Posterior nostril a moderately large oval aperture just before fleshy edge of orbit a little above center of eye, with a slight anterior rim; anterior nostril a short membranous tube anteroventral to posterior nostril just above upper lip, the internarial distance about equal to greatest diameter of posterior nostril; cephalic sensory pores and papillae as in Fig. 2; prominent nasal pore directly anterodorsal to posterior nostril; not shown, two medial pores in interorbital space, one anterior and one posterior. Scales on body progressively smaller anteriorly; scales weakly ctenoid posteriorly, becoming cycloid anterior to about base of fifth dorsal soft ray, and partially embedded anteriorly; no scales on head, nape anterior to a line from dorsal-fin origin to upper free end of preopercle, or prepectoral area; no Fig. 5. Underwater photograph of Vanderhorstia sp. B, Palau. Photo by R. F. Myers. 39

6 Vanderhorstia steelei, a new shrimpgoby from the Society Islands scales on fins except for three rows of moderately large scales on caudal-fin base. Origin of first dorsal fin over origin of pelvic fins, the predorsal length 3.5 ( ) in SL; dorsal spines slender and flexible; first dorsal spine 4.95 ( ) in SL; third or fourth dorsal spines longest (both damaged in holotype), in SL in paratypes; fifth dorsal spine 5.2 ( ) in SL; spine of second dorsal fin 2.85 ( ) in head length; thirteenth dorsal soft ray longest, 6.4 ( ) in SL; origin of anal fin slightly posterior to a vertical at origin of second dorsal fin, the preanal length 1.95 ( ) in SL; anal spine 3.75 ( ) in head length; fourteenth anal soft ray longest, 6.45 ( ) in SL; caudal fin lanceolate and terminally bilobed, the sixth and tenth rays longest, 2.3 ( ) in SL; pectoral fins pointed, the tenth and eleventh rays longest, reaching slightly posterior to anus, 4.3 ( ) in SL; prepelvic length 3.5 ( ) in SL; pelvic spine 3.2 ( ) in head length; fifth pelvic ray longest, nearly reaching or extending slightly posterior to origin of anal fin, 4.2 ( ) in SL; pelvic frenum extending to tips of pelvic spines, its posterior margin slightly concave. Color of holotype in alcohol pale yellowish, the edges of scales brown; upper side of body with nine dark bars, from darker brown scale edges, the last at base of caudal fin broadest; a faint dark bar between each pair of dark bars; a series of 14 dark spots dorsally on body from dark brown scale edges, the first before origin of dorsal fin, and the last small on edge of caudal peduncle; cheek and opercle light graybrown with round to elongate pale spots, some nearly as large as pupil; a blackish streak in groove above upper lip; front of snout and upper lip graybrown; dorsal fins light brown with pale spots, those on second dorsal in six rows; anal fin similar but with irregular rows of pale dashes on membranes; caudal fin with pale rays and gray-brown membranes, the dorsal third with a row of pale spots along each membrane, the membranes of rest of fin with narrow longitudinal pale streaks; paired fins with pale rays and light gray-brown membranes, the pectorals with a large gray-brown spot at base containing two vertical rows of pale spots. Life color as in Figs 3 and 4 (these fish not collected). Etymology: This species is named in honor of Mark H. Steele of California State University, Northridge, California who took the photograph of Fig. 3 and alerted us to the location of the species in Moorea. Remarks: The type specimens were evidently preserved in formalin that was acidic, because a vertebral count could not be made from an x-ray. However, it would be expected to be , as reported for the genus; also the dorsal pterygiophore formula is probably (Fig. 1A of Birdsong et al. 1988). Of the described species of Vanderhorstia, V. steelei is most similar to V. auronotata from the Molucca Islands, sharing with it a similar color pattern and the same longitudinal scale and pectoral-ray counts. It differs in having one more dorsal and anal rays than V. auronotata, a more slender body (depth , compared to 5.5 in SL for V. auronotata), and in dentition, especially in having much larger teeth. Myers (1999: 242, pl. 155, fig. C) illustrated a species of shrimpgoby by an underwater photograph from Palau as Vanderhorstia sp. B (reproduced here as Fig. 5). It is very similar in color, at least anteriorly, differing in the smaller yellow spots on the head and the yellow scale centers within each dark bar on the body forming a more distinct vertical yellow line. Specimens are needed to determine if it is the same or a very similar species. We also note the similarity of the underwater photograph of Vanderhorstia sp. 2 of Okamura & Amaoka (1997: 691, middle-right fig.) from Iriomote-jima, Japan. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank foremost Mark H. Steele and Philippe Bacchet for their underwater photographs of the new species of Vanderhorstia, Robert F. Myers for his photograph of Vanderhorstia sp. B from Palau, and Ashley Field for his drawing of Fig. 2. We are also grateful to Arthur Anker for the identification of the alpheid shrimp shown in Fig. 4, and Katherine Munday, Melissa Schmitt, and Andrew Brooks for assistance in collecting the type specimens. Gerald R. Allen, David W. Greenfield, and Helen A. Randall reviewed the manuscript. REFERENCES ALLEN, G. R. & MUNDAY, P Description of four new gobies (Gobiidae) from the western Pacific Ocean. Revue française d Aquariologie 22 (3-4): ALLEN, G. R. & RANDALL, J. E Vanderhorstia nobilis, a new species of shrimpgoby from Indonesia and the Philippines. aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 12 (1): BACCHET, P., ZYSMAN, T. & LEFÈVRE, Y Guide des Poissons de Tahiti et ses Îles. 607 pp. Au Vent des Iles Editions, Tahiti. 40

7 John E. Randall and Philip L. Munday BARNARD, K. H Further notes on South African marine fishes. Annals of the South African Museum 32, pt. 2 (6): BIRDSONG, R. S., MURDY, E. O. & PEZOLD, F. L A study of the vertebral column and median fin osteology in gobioid fishes with comments on gobioid relationships. Bulletin of Marine Science 42 (2): FOURMANOIR, P Poissons Téléostéens des eaux malagaches du Canal de Mozambique. Mémoires de l Institut Scienfique de Madagascar, sér. F, 1: FRANZ, V Die Japanischen Knochenfische der Sammlungen Haberer und Doflein (Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens.). Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften 4 (suppl.) (1): GARMAN, S Some fishes from Australasia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 39 (8): GREENFIELD, D. W. & LONGENECKER, K. R Vanderhorstia bella, a new goby from Fiji (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56: IKEDA, Y., NAKABO, T. & HIRAMATSU,W Redes crip - tion of Vanderhorstia macropteryx (Perciformes: Gobiidae) with designation of a neotype. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 42 (3/4): IWATA, A., SHIBUKAWA, K. & OHNISHI, N Three new species of the shrimp-associated goby genus Vanderhorstia (Per ciformes: Gobiidae: Gobiinae) from Japan, with re-de s - criptions of two related congeners. Bulletin of the Nat ion al Mu s eum of Natural Science (Tokyo), ser. A, suppl. 1: KLAUSEWITZ, W Eilatia latruncularia n. gen. n. sp. und Vanderhorstia mertensi n. sp. vom Golf von Aqaba (Pisces: Gobiidae: Gobiinae). Senckenbergiana biologica 55: LACHNER, E. A. & MCKINNEY, J. F A new fish species of the genus Vanderhorstia (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Amirante Islands, Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 (4): MYERS, R. F Micronesian Reef Fishes, ed. 3. vi pp. Coral Graphics, Guam. OKAMURA, O. & AMAOKA, K Fishes of Japan. 783 pp. Yama-kei Publishers, Tokyo (in Japanese). RANDALL, J. E. 2007a. Vanderhorstia opercularis, a new shrimpgoby from the northern Red Sea. Electronic Journal of Ichthyology 3 (1): RANDALL, J. E. 2007b. Descriptions of four new shrimpgobies of the genus Vanderhorstia from the western Pacific. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 12 (3): SHIBUKAWA, K. & SUZUKI, T Vanderhorstia papilio, a new shrimp-associated goby from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Perciformes: Gobiidae: Gobiinae), with comments on the limits of the genus. Ichthyological Research 51 (2): SMITH, J. L. B Forty-two fishes new to South Africa, with notes on others. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 12, 2: SMITH, J. L. B Gobioid fishes of the families Gobiidae, Periophthalmidae, Trypauchenidae, Taenioididae and Kraemeriidae of the western Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Bulletin 13: TOMIYAMA, I Notes on some fishes, including one new genus and three new species from Japan, the Ryukyus and Pescadores. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 4 (nos. 1/2/3): WEBER, M Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga- Expedition. Notes from the Leyden Museum 31 (4): WINTERBOTTOM, R., IWATA, A. & KOZAWA, T Vanderhorstia nannai, a new species of burrow-associated goby from Palau and the Philippines (Pisces: Gobiidae). aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 9 (3): XU, C.-Y., DENG, S., XIONG, G. & ZHAN, H Two new fishes from East China Sea. Oceanology and Limno - logy Sinica 11 (2): (in Chinese, English summ.). YANAGISAWA, Y Studies on the interspecific relationship between gobiid fishes and snapping shrimp. I. Gobiid fishes associated with snapping shrimps in Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 24 (4/6): ERRATA aqua International Journal of Ichthyology Vol. 13 (1) 25 October 2007 Opistognathus rufilineatus, a new species of jawfish (Opistognathidae) from the Bird s Head Peninsula, western New Guinea by W. F. Smith-Vaniz and G. R. Allen on page 37: Indonesia, Irian Jaya (western New Guinea), Barat Providence, North Triton Bay, S, E 41