Haemulon sciurus (Shaw, 1803)

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1 click for previous page 1544 Bony Fishes Haemulon sciurus (Shaw, 1803) Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / Haemulon carbonarium Poey, FAO names: En - Bluestriped grunt; Fr - Gorette catire; Sp - Ronco catire. HHI Diagnostic characters: Body oblong, compressed, its depth 36 to 39% of standard length. Head blunt, its upper profile slightly convex; 2 pores and a median groove on chin; gill rakers (total) 27 to 31, usually 29 on first arch; preopercle not serrated in adults. Dorsal fin with 12 spines and 16 or 17 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 9 soft rays; soft early juvenile portions of dorsal and anal fins scaled nearly to their outer margins. Scales ctenoid (rough to touch) from caudal fin to head; pored lateral-line scales 48 to 51; longitudinal scale rows below lateral line slightly oblique to long axis of body; scales around caudal peduncle 22. Colour: body yellow bronze; blue stripes on head and body as far as caudal-fin base; spinous dorsal fin yellow; soft dorsal and caudal fins dusky grey to black; pelvic, anal, and pectoral fins yellow or pale; a black blotch often present beneath free margin of preopercle; mouth red within. Size: Maximum to at least 40 cm total length; commonly to 30 cm. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Occurs from the shore to outer reefs (to at least 40 m) near a variety of structural habitats. Feeds on crustaceans and occasionally on small fishes. Caught throughout its range with traps, seines, and hook-and-line. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Marketed mostly fresh. Distribution: From the lower Gulf of Mexico, South Carolina and the Bahamas southward throughout much of the area to Brazil; also in Bermuda.

2 Perciformes: Percoidei: Haemulidae 1545 Haemulon steindachneri (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) HHE Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / Haemulon bonariense Cuvier, 1829; Haemulon parra (Desmarest, 1823). FAO names: En - Chere-chere grunt; Fr - Gorette chere-chere; Sp - Ronco chere-chere. Diagnostic characters: Body oblong, compressed, its depth 34 to 38% of standard length. Head blunt, its upper profile slightly convex; 2 pores and a median groove on chin; gill rakers (total) 22 to 25 on first arch; preopercle serrated from angle along its entire vertical length in adults. Dorsal fin with 12 spines and 5 to 17 (usually 16) soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 8 or 9 (usually 9) soft rays;soft portions of dorsal and anal fins scaled nearly to their outer margins. Scales ctenoid (rough to touch) from caudal fin to head; pored lateral-line scales 51 or 52, usually 52; longitudinal scale rows below lateral line oblique to long axis of body; total caudal peduncle scales (ring of scales around caudal peduncle) 25 or 26. Colour: body silvery grey, darker dorsally; scales on sides of body with pearl grey centres, forming oblique lines along scale rows; a black blotch beneath free margin of preopercle.fins grey to chalky except base of caudal fin which has a large black spot; mouth pale red within. Size: Maximum to about 30 cm total length; commonly to 20 cm. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Inhabits mainly soft bottom or low-relief hardbottom to depths of 30 m. Most common in moderately shallow coastal areas. Feeds on bottom-dwelling invertebrates. Caught throughout its range with traps, seines, and hook-and-line. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Marketed mostly fresh. Distribution: Juveniles recorded from Guatemala. Adults recorded from Panama along the coast of South America, Brazil. Also recorded from the tropical eastern Pacific from the Sea of Cortez to Peru. Systematic status unresolved.

3 1546 Bony Fishes Haemulon striatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: Bathystoma striatum (Jordan and Evermann, 1896) / Haemulon boschmae (Metzelaar, 1919); Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, FAO names: En - Striped grunt; Fr - Gorette rayée; Sp - Ronco listado. Diagnostic characters: Body oblong, more elongate and less compressed than most species of Haemulon, its depth 26 to 32% of standard length. Head blunt, its upper profile slightly convex; mouth small, 2 pores and a median groove on chin; gill rakers (total) 28 to 34 (usually 32) on first arch; preopercle serrated in adults. Dorsal fin with 13 spines and 12 to early juvenile 15 (usually 13 or 14) soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 7 to 9 (usually 8) soft rays; soft portions of dorsal and anal fins scaled nearly to their outer margins. Scales ctenoid (rough to touch) from caudal fin to head; pored lateral-line scales 51 to 53 (usually 52); longitudinal scale rows below lateral line oblique; scales around caudal peduncle 25 or 26 (usually 26). Colour: body grey-white to steel blue above and silver white on belly; head sometimes with a green-yellow snout; each scale above lateral line with dark grey margins. Typically, 5 bronze to black, stripes on sides; membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin transparent, soft portion of fin and caudal fin red-orange; anal, pectoral, and pelvic fins chalky;no black blotch on free margin of preopercle; mouth red within. Size: Maximum to about 25 cm total length; commonly to 18 cm; Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Less demersal than most grunts. Adults form schools over shelf edge reefs. Can occur to depths of 100 m, deeper than most other species of the genus. Feeds primarily on small crustaceans and plankton. Occasionally taken incidentally by trap or trawl. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Of no fishery significance. Distribution: From the lower Gulf of Mexico, eastern-central Florida and the Bahamas southward throughout much of the area to Brazil.

4 Perciformes: Percoidei: Haemulidae 1547 Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766) Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: Orthopristis poeyi (Scudder, 1868) / None. FAO names: En - Pigfish; Fr - Goret mule; Sp - Corocoro burro. PIG Diagnostic characters: Body ovate-elliptical, considerably compressed, its depth 30 to 38% of standard length. Two pores and a median groove on chin; jaws with a narrow band of slender teeth; preopercular margin very slightly serrate; gill rakers short and slender, about 12 on lower limb of first arch. Dorsal fin with 12 or 13 spines and 15 or 16 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 12 or 13 soft rays; dorsal and anal fin spines enclosed in a deep scaly sheath, the soft rays naked. Pored lateral-line scales 53 to 58; 10 longitudinal rows of scales above, and 15 to 19 rows below the lateral line. Colour: body light blue-grey above and shading gradually into silver below; each scale of body with a blue centre, the edge with a bronze spot, these spots forming orange-brown stripes extending obliquely upwards and backwards, on back and sides, those below being nearly horizontal; head with bronze spots; fins yellow bronze with dusky margins. Size: Maximum to 40 cm total length; commonly to 30 cm. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Typically inhabits nearshore waters over soft bottom habitats. Often found in brackish water. Recorded occasionally from midshelf reef areas. Feeds on crustaceans and smaller fishes. Caught throughout its range with seines, trawls, and hook-and-line. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Marketed mostly fresh. Distribution: Atlantic coast of the USA from New York to Yucatán Peninsula, and Cuba; also in Bermuda.

5 1548 Bony Fishes Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: Orthopristis poeyi (Scudder, 1868) / None. FAO names: En - Corocoro grunt; Fr - Goret corocoro; Sp - Corocoro congo. OTR Diagnostic characters: Body ovate-elliptical, considerably compressed, its depth 36 to 40% of standard length. Two pores and a median groove on chin; jaws with a narrow band of slender teeth; preopercle slightly serrate; gill rakers very short and slender, about 15 on lower limb of first arch. Dorsal fin with 12 spines and 13 to 15 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 9 to 11 soft rays;dorsal- and anal-fin spines enclosed in a deep scaly sheath, the soft rays naked.pored lateral-line scales 52 to 55;8 longitudinal rows of scales above, and 15 rows below the lateral line. Colour: body blue-grey above and silver below; a brown spot on centres of scales above the lateral line, these spots forming streaks; brown-orange spots on head and upper half of body; dorsal fin with rows of brown-orange spots. Size: Maximum to 40 cm total length; commonly to 25 cm. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Most commonly found over softbottom or low-relief hardbottom to depths of at least 70 m.also found in brackish water. Feeds on crustaceans and other invertebrates. Caught throughout its range with trawls, hook-and-line, and traps. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Marketed fresh and salted. Distribution: Southern Caribbean from Honduras along the coasts of Central and South America to Brazil.

6 Perciformes: Percoidei: Haemulidae 1549 Pomadasys corvinaeformis (Steindachner, 1868) Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Roughneck grunt; Fr - Grondeur gris; Sp - Corocoro gris. Diagnostic characters: Body elongate and robust, its depth 25 to 30% of standard length. Two pores and a median groove on chin; outer teeth in jaws somewhat enlarged; preopercle finely serrate; gill rakers short, 10 to 12 more or less developed on lower limb of first arch.dorsal fin with 12 spines and 13 to 15 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 6 or 7 soft rays;soft portion of dorsal fin with a low sheath of scales at base and arowof small scales on the membranes between the rays. Pored lateral-line scales 49 to 52; 5 or 6 longitudinal rows of scales above and 10 rows below the lateral line. Colour: body dark olive above and more or less silvery below; a dark line along each row of scales below the lateral line and scales above the lateral line with dark centres which do not form distinct lines; a diffuse dark blotch on scapular region; fins punctate with very dark margins. Size: Maximum to at least 25 cm total length; commonly to 20 cm. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Most commonly found over softbottom or low-relief hard bottom to depths of at least 50 m. Feeds on crustaceans and other invertebrates. Caught mainly with seines, trawls, hook-and-line, and traps. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Marketed mostly fresh. Distribution: Greater and Lesser Antilles, Central America, extending southward to Brazil.

7 1550 Bony Fishes Pomadasys crocro (Cuvier, 1830) Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / None. FAO names: En - Burro grunt; Fr - Grondeur crocro; Sp - Corocoro crocro. PKR Diagnostic characters: Body elongate, compressed, its depth 29 to 36% of standard length. Two pores and a median groove on chin; teeth in jaws small and wide apart, the outer scarcely enlarged; preopercle coarsely serrate; gill rakers short and blunt, 7 to 9 (exclusive of rudiments) on lower limb of first arch. Dorsal fin with 13 spines and 11 to 13 soft rays; anal fin early juvenile with 3 spines and 6 or 7 soft rays; no scales on interradial membranes, anal fin with a distinct sheath of scales at base. Pored lateral-line scales 53 to 55; 5 or 6 longitudinal rows of scales above and 16 rows below the lateral line. Colour: body dark olivaceous above, silvery below; sides with dusky punctulations; fins all more or less dusky; soft dorsal fin with a narrow black margin. Size: Maximum to 33 cm total length; commonly to 20 cm. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Found over soft bottom and vegetated habitats in turbid, shallow water. Often found upstream in fresh-water rivers. Feeds on crustaceans and small fishes. Caught mainly with seines and trawls. Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Marketed mostly fresh. Distribution: Eastern-central Florida, northeastern Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, southern Lesser Antilles and continental coast of the Caribbean Sea, extending southward to Brazil. click for next page