NZ s Fishery Management Framework The Fisheries Act 1996 & Spatial Management Tools

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1 NZ s Fishery Management Framework The Fisheries Act 1996 & Spatial Management Tools Inshore Fisheries Management 24 November

2 Brief outline 1. Historical context resources and management to date 2. Overview of current fishery management system 3. Fishery management tools and how they are used 4. Examples of some tools with spatial elements 5. Brief summary 6. Questions 2

3 Brief historical context the past 1000 years Use of aquatic living resources important for centuries Customary management practices recognise localised depletion etc limits to use exist Increasing population >> commercial fishing and trading Technical developments >> more efficient gear and powered vessels Export markets and incentives to expand Classical problems and treatments until 1980s Raft of input controls >> vessel, gear, area, season Access controls >> controlled fisheries, licence restrictions 3

4 The shift to a rights-based approach 1980s - Needed to find a better way to manage fisheries Allocation of individual harvest rights to fisheries was designed to alleviate classical problems and foster incentives to look after the resources Individual transferable quota (ITQ) for deepwater in 1983 ITQs expanded to include important inshore species from 1986 Harvesting rights-based approach part of fisheries settlement under Treaty of Waitangi (1992) Now have 100 species groups in 638 stocks/units under ITQ management 4

5 Fisheries Management System: The Legal Framework 5

6 Fisheries Act 1996 A use statute to provide for the utilisation of fisheries resources while ensuring sustainability Utilisation to enable people to provide for their social, economic, and cultural well-being (conserving, using, enhancing, developing) Sustainability to meet future needs and avoid, remedy, mitigate adverse effects of fishing on the aquatic environment 6

7 Quota (ITQ) Management System Act enshrines the QMS as the preferred management system Can use other approaches ( s 11 sustainability measures) if that would better provide for the purpose of the Act 7

8 Fisheries Management Tools 8

9 The main management tool Catch limits (output controls) to constrain harvest and other mortality to a level that will achieve sustainability outcomes Catch limits apply to a single management unit ~ biological population or stock size of stock boundary (QMA) relates to biology and distribution primary spatial unit also cost-effective management and use >> bigger areas provide more flexibility/efficiency 9

10 Supporting management tools Sharing the resource by allocating to each sector; s 21 at discretion of Minister Taiapure-local fisheries and customary Maori fisheries - providing for customary food gathering and special relationships between tangata whenua and important places for food gathering; ss 175, 186 and associated regulations: rohe moana, kaitiaki, mataitai reserves 10

11 Supporting management tools continued Supporting tools to constrain catch to allocated shares Catch/effort reporting by commercial fishers tracks fish from catch to market reporting of customary harvest Surveys to estimate recreational harvest Compliance activity and verification observers, cameras, vessel movements, inspections, surveillance 11

12 TAC, TACC, allowances for a Quota Management Area (QMA) TAC constrains total mortality from fishing: TACC constrains commercial harvest Allowances for customary, recreational, and other mortality from fishing Daily bag and fish size limits to help constrain recreational catch to allowances 12

13 SNA 1 example - spawner biomass (2013), TAC, TACC, and allowances TAC = 8050 t Stock spawner biomass t TACC 4500 t Recreational allowance 3050 t Other fishing-related mortality 450 t Customary allowance 50 t 13

14 Other fisheries management tools supporting the purpose of the Act General regulatory powers under s 297 to regulate or control fishing, processing, etc Regulatory powers under s 298 to implement sustainability measures Address inter-sector conflicts and disputes s 311 Fishing-related mortality limits s 15 Emergency measures s

15 General regulatory powers under s 297 Managing fisheries by regulating any stock or species any area any period size and bag limits disposal conditions return/release conditions fishing gear, methods, and vessels 15

16 Regulatory powers under s 298 Managing fisheries by implementing or varying any sustainability measure made under s 11 Catch limit for a stock not in the QMS Size, sex, biological state of any species taken Areas from which species or stock may be taken Fishing methods that may be used for any species or stock and in any area Fishing season for any species or stock and in any area Implement the above also via Gazette Notice 16

17 Examples of management tools with a sub- QMA spatial element 17

18 Gear controls Mesh size 125 mm within 100 m depth Set net length < 1000 m Seasonal controls 1 October to 31 March No trawl or Danish seine within 1 nm off Pakiri Beach Inner harbour commercial finfish restriction (exceptions are mullet, flatfish, baitfish, eels & method controls) 18

19 Method closures & vessel restrictions No trawling single, pair, vessel length No Danish seining single, pair, vessel No set netting net length, net spacing No use of box, teichi, purse seine, or lampara nets No dredging (scallops) 19

20 Some specific examples of area measures to control adverse effects of fishing: set net closure in Tamaki River estuary to protect shags address conflicts and support allowances: Recreational-only scallop areas Inner Waitemata finfish seasonal closure protect habitats of significance: Nearshore and harbour closures to bottomcontacting methods 20

21 Commercial Fishery Restrictions 21

22 Summary Provide for use & ensure sustainability At scale of QMAs, stocks Catch limits are the main tool Supporting tools to share help control ensure sustainability address adverse effects 22

23 Questions...? 23

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