Regional Management of Sustainable Fisheries for Giant Clams (Tridacnidae) and CITES Capacity Building Workshop

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1 Regional Management of Sustainable Fisheries for Giant Clams (Tridacnidae) and CITES Capacity Building Workshop Nadi, Fiji Islands 4 to 7 August 2009 French Polynesia case study of giant clam management and trade : Some modern tools to the benefit of specific islands and communities by G. REMOISSENET

2 OVERVIEW French Polynesia giant clam program Stock assessment and fishery management Adapatative co-management Spat collection and aquaculture Spat collection technique Spat collection results Aquaculture Stock enhancement in spat collecting lagoons Spat collection for the outer islands communities Conclusion

3 French Polynesia giant clam program Since 2001, French Polynesia Fisheries agency «service de la pêche» has developed a giant clam (Tridacna maxima) program. In order to set up a rational exploitation scheme of this resource and sustainable incomes for targeted islanders, fisheries and aquaculture research has been investigated. An original and suited model of development has been designed and implemented for this species : Remote sensing coupled with sampling field and fishery techniques have lead to assess and map some targeted stocks, propose some management measures and process (co-management) of the resource; Spat collection techniques, transport, rearing and restocking techniques have been designed and mastered in Tatakoto and Fangatau lagoons, with a view to get sustainable exploitation of giant clams on different markets.

4 Stock assessment and fishery management Examples of maps of giant clams stocks : (from Andrefouet and al. 2005, Gilbert and al. 2006) Remote sensing coupled with field sampling techniques Stocks and structures assessed : numbers, volumes, size frequencies per class, Stocks mapped Best for management

5 Adaptative co management of giant clams in French Polynesia Development of indicators : R&D monitoring some ecosystem and fishery characteristics Development of policies to get harvest sustainability driven by indicators / population needs. Development of a decision making framework system management information system with all stakeholders EXPORT PRODUCTION ALL STAKEHOLDERS Multi indicator fishery Monitoring system Scientists & Volunteers Network of small reproductive refuges Regulations Management Commitee First TAC based on historical i exports AUTHORITY Decision Precautionary approach basis

6 Adaptative co management of giant clams in French Polynesia Some examples of use of the tools for co-management : Technical advise : Trade winds «Best site for No-take area» Monitoring of fishery on force + New no-take areas proposed to communities 9 no-take areas asked 0 2 km proposed to communities approved, appropriated asked to government then officially applied Management process proposed : Co-management approved, appropriated and asked for. Best larval dissemination with network of refuges Monitoring of ecosystems and fishery to initiate and consolidate

7 Spat collection and aquaculture of giant clams in French Polynesia Legally possible to collect spats only in authorized lagoons Demand of local authority to Ministry of Fisheries Possible only in lagoons which have bio accumulations to enhance the chances of success Aquaculture possible in all lagoons Collected stocks cultured stocks and exchanges must be recorded

8 Spat collection technique A specific approach : classic spat collection methods (for pearl oysters, oysters and mussels) have been fitted to giant clams. Low depth submerged rafts (<2m) placed in the most lighted zone (for the zooxanthellae of giant clams mantle) Artificial shade cloth is laid down horizontally (face to sunlight) and hold tight (as T.maxima is usually anchored to hard substrate) Lay down of a collection device Collection line and predator Spats collected and protected

9 Spat collection results First collection results in Fangatau and Tatakoto lagoons % ind/m² Rate of Success on 30 devices Medium density on collector years after laying Spat collection rate and density of giant clams spats

10 %mm spat collection results Collection results and wild popualtions structures 12% Spat shell length structure 10% observed on collectors is related 8% with the wild populations clam shell length structure 6% 4% Aged stock and spat collecting frequency low in Fangatau Young and well productive stock in Tatakoto : spat collecting is more frequent (reef aperture rate 8is two times higher thus increasing ocean-lagoon exchanges, therefore spawning). 22% 0% FANGATAU TATAKOTO O Wild giant clams size structure in Fangatau and Tatakoto 10%64%%Fréquence FL %%Fréquence TL Spat collecting profile one year after laying the devices0

11 GROWTH RESULTS Aquaculture of giant clams in French Polynesia Collected and reared clams gain one year of growth versus wild giant clams ~3cm of growth per year until 12 cm TRANSPORT RESULTS Dry transport with preliminary 15mn freshwater bath to eliminate major epibionts (Ascidians, Crabs ) Gel pack addition in freight box to low temperature and therefore slow down metabolism Maximum transport duration should be less than 12 Maximum transport duration should be less than 12 hours for a 95% minimum survival rate.

12 Stock enhancement of giant clams in spat collecting lagoons Total restocking reached 36, collected giant clams (sizes ranging from 5 to 9 cm) Best result is obtained on clustered shells habitat, with a global rate of 72,9% of clams alived settled 54 months after restocking 18 months after re-seeding, new setllement of new spats is mostly observed on clustered habitat at a level situated between 20 to 30%. Number March 2004 Survival rate J0 J 115 J 401 J 470 J 598 J 814 J1163 J1628 gravel coral pavement shells New spat Gravel Pavement Shells 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

13 Spat collection for the outer islands communities Development and populations wills on giant clams Tatakoto has decided to develop spat collection techniques Fangatau has refused because of the big change it may occur. If there could be a need for further communication, we need to keep respect of the communities decisions, too. Conclusion Even with the good, the «best» techniques, communication is essential Our next step is to give technical assistance to the new actors and help to develop sustainable activities Inthesametimeweneedto time need to implement new no-take areas and co-manage stocks and fisheries

14 MAURUURU VINAKA MAURUURU THANK YOU

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