RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT YEARBOOK

Transcription

1 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT YEARBOOK STERF. SCANDINAVIAN TURFGRASS AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH FOUNDATION KLIMATFÖRÄNDRINGAR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT YEARBOOK NATURRESURSER LAGAR RESTRIKTIONER 2017

2 2 STERF INTRODUCTION. STERF YEARBOOK was not a good year for planet Earth, with more record-breaking temperatures and more severe rainstorms, hurricanes, droughts and flooding than ever before. During 2017, the rate of biodiversity loss accelerated and more species than ever came under threat. All this has consequences for the golf and turfgrass industry. Dollar spot is now quite common even in the Nordic countries, due to the milder climate. Many golf clubs are being forced to rebuild their drainage systems, due to frequent thousand-year rain events. At the same time, the grass on other golf courses and sports fields is being killed by severe drought. increasingly important to reach end-users with our latest findings, so that the right actions can be taken. Therefore STERF continues its focus on delivering readyto-use results, like handbooks, factsheets and articles, which are available for free on Enjoy reading this 2017 yearbook! Bruno Hedlund STERF Chairman This calls for more research and knowledge building in order to conquer these challenges, but we are happy to report that STERF is very well positioned to take them on. Our four research programmes address many global challenges. During 2017, we started several projects to ensure that we have the knowledge we need to build and maintain sustainable golf courses and sports fields. Since the climate and other conditions are changing very rapidly, it is becoming

3 INTRODUCTION STERF 3 IMPORTANT EVENTS IN 2017 COLLABORATION WITH NORWEGIAN AUTHORITIES ON PROJECTS EXAMINING PESTICIDE FATE AND BIODIVERSITY STERF has a long tradition of collaboration with the national authorities in the Nordic countries on projects related to integrated pest management (IPM) and multifunctional golf courses. Through such projects, STERF takes responsibility for ensuring that national polices are implemented on golf courses and by the green amenity sector in general. In 2017, two STERF-initiated projects received matching funding from the Norwegian environmental authorities. One of these projects, Reduced risk of fungicide leaching and runoff from golf courses, was co-funded by the Norwegian government s Action Plan for More Sustainable use of Pesticides The other, From dense swards to biodiverse roughs was cofunded by the government s Action Plan for Biodiversity and Cultural Heritage. Both projects are described in later sections of this yearbook. STERF is very pleased to have good relations with public bodies and to be instrumental in the implementation of national and international policies. We welcome more of this type of collaborative project in the future. NEW PROJECTS STARTED IN 2017 In its call for proposals in 2016 and 2017, STERF decided to prioritise research and development within four international thematic areas, according to the R&D programmes within each area. These are: Integrated pest management, Sustainable water management, Winter stress management, and Multifunctional golf facilities. STERF received 12 interesting and relevant project proposals within the four thematic areas. The amount applied for from STERF was SEK, the suggested amount of matching funding was and thus the total amount sought for new projects was SEK. The STERF advisory committee and its subgroups have done a very good and important job in evaluating the proposals. Especially important for the evaluation process were the sub-group coordinators, Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde, SLU, and Asbjörn Nyholt, Nyholt Counsulting. In February and June 2017, and based on the recommendations of the advisory committee, the STERF board decided to prioritise seven projects for funding. The total amount of funding agreed by STERF for four years was SEK and total amount of matching funding was SEK. All new projects are presented in this yearbook.

4 4 STERF INTRODUCTION. mance of cool-season turfgrasses used on golf greens. The seminar also covered many other aspects of winter stress management of turfgrasses. The invited speaker, Eric Watkins (USA), talked about breeding for winter hardiness, plant-microbe interactions, ice removal and seed germination at low temperatures. Sigridur Dalmannsdottir, originally from Iceland and now working on forage grasses in Norway, touched on issues such as day length reactions and cold acclimation in a changing winter climate. Scientists from NIBIO s Turfgrass Research Group at Apelsvoll and Landvik SEMINAR ON TURFGRASS WINTER STRESS MANAGEMENT Almost 100 participants from 10 different countries, including scientists, superintendents, industry representatives and consultants, participated in the STERF seminar Winter Stress Management of Turfgrasses", arranged together with Norwegian Golf Federation, the Research Council of Norway and NIBIO in Oslo, 9-10 November The seminar focused on the main findings and recommendations of a four-year project examining how autumn fertilisation, shade and anoxia affect winter and spring perforpresented results from earlier and ongoing projects on turfgrass winter survival and the SCANGREEN variety trials. This included full-scale trials conducted at one golf course in each of the Nordic countries during autumn/winter 2016/2017. The selected courses were Keilir GC (ISL), Roskilde GC (DK), Tapiola GC (FIN), Kungliga Drottningholm GC (SE) and Hauger GC (NO). The superintendents from these golf clubs explained how the different fertilisation practices affected the winter survival of their greens. The need for further research regarding winter stress management was discussed in groups towards the end of the seminar. The highest priorities identified were as follows: non-pesticide control of winter diseases (6 groups), winter covers and other ice control measures (3 groups), re-establishment strategies after winter damage, notably on old greens (2 groups), moss and algae control in mild winters (2 groups) and correct use of fungicides (1 group). Golf course managers handbook TURF GRASS WINTER STRESS MANAGEMENT RESEARCH BASED GUIDELINES FOR NORDIC CLIMATES THE NEW HANDBOOK ON WINTER STRESS MANAGEMENT In The Golf Course Managers Handbook on Turfgrass Winter Stress Management, recently retired NIBIO scientist Agnar Kvalbein and his co-authors summarise results and experiences from several research projects. The handbook contains many practical recommendations, enabling gold course superintendents to find their own preferred solutions to local problems. Download the handbook at: The recommendations have been incorporated into an Autumn fertilisation calculator that also can be downloaded

5 INTRODUCTION STERF 5 SEMINAR ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL LANDSCAPES NORDIC GOLF FACILITIES POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES The seminar Multifunctional Landscapes Nordic Golf Facilities Possibilities and Challenges was organised jointly by STERF and the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (KSLA) in Stockholm on February 7th The seminar had a Nordic focus, with speakers from Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. More than 70 people from the Nordic countries participated in the seminar, representing KSLA, research institutes and universities, local, national and Nordic authorities, landowners, the golf sector and other businesses. The aim of the seminar was to demonstrate and discuss how multifunctional golf facilities can be used to supply a number of functions that could provide a range of important services required by society. In addition to offering a high-quality arena for golf, golf facilities could also contribute e.g. to improving biological diversity, conserving natural and cultural environments and providing recreation areas that are open to the public and to other outdoor activities. The seminar also covered challenges and potential conflicts related to land use for golf courses, especially in the urban landscape. A full report from the seminar can be found at MULTIFUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES ON NORDIC GOLF FACILITIES A SURVEY Urban landscapes are now home to the majority of the world s population and it is predicted that 66% of the world s population will live in cities by Multifunctional urban green areas, for example golf courses, have large, mostly untapped, potential to provide ecosystem services in future cities. Thus it is important that golf courses host other activities in addition to the game of golf and that the land is used and accessible to a diversity of actors. The aim of the survey was to investigate ongoing multifunctional activities on Nordic golf facilities, which is important background information for future research and development within this area. The survey was conducted by STERF during 2017 and had 25 questions (mostly multiple choice) divided into five sections: background information; collaboration with various groups in society; protecting natural and cultural values; accessibility to other groups in addition to golfers; and activities to improve golf club finances. In total, 745 golf clubs in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden received the survey and it was completed by 296 golf clubs. The golf federations in each country were responsible for promoting and distributing the survey and there was some variation in how this was carried out. As a result, the survey was completed by 47% of Swedish golf clubs, 39% of Icelandic clubs, 22% of Danish clubs, 11% of Norwegian clubs and 1% of Finnish clubs. A report on the survey can be found at

6 6 STERF INTRODUCTION. 14TH INTERNATIONAL TURFGRASS RESEARCH CONFERENCE IN COPENHAGEN JULY 2021 The next International Turfgrass Research Conference will be organised by STERF in Copenhagen in The conference will include keynote speakers, oral and poster presentations, industry networking opportunities, technical tours, social events and much more. New for ITRC 2021 is a one-day programme for practitioners. Scientific topics of interest may include: turfgrass establishment and management; turfgrass pests (diseases, weeds, insects etc.); turfgrass physiology; turfgrass genetics and breeding; soil biology, chemistry and plant nutrition; soil physics and rootzone construction; sustainable water management; ecosystem services and biodiversity; and information technology, education and communications. Technical tours will introduce Nordic turfgrass research and development, which is focusing on internationally important key areas. These include pressure from government for greater environmental regulation, the increasing pressure on natural resources (notably water, energy and land), the emerging role of turf management in supporting ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity, the continued need to promote integrated pest management, and the looming challenges posed by a changing climate and the urgent need to adapt. The one-day programme for practitioners will fulfil the ambition of taking a lead in making research results and new knowledge easy accessible to end-users and providing support to implement changes, which is essential for achieving improvements in sustainable management of turfgrass. Copenhagen is the congress capital of Scandinavia and its vibrant cultural heart. Copenhagen is also truly a green city surrounded by water and parks, with climatefriendly citizens to match. The ambitious green profile of the city has a clear goal: The City of Copenhagen aims to become the world's first CO 2 -neutral capital by Experience it for yourself. Swim in the clean waters of the city s harbour baths, stay in a sustainable hotel, eat organic and ride an electric city bike around the old maritime city.

7 INTRODUCTION STERF 7 ABOUT STERF SCANDINAVIAN TURFGRASS AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH FOUNDATION, STERF STERF is an independent research foundation that supports existing and future R&D efforts and delivers ready-touse research results that benefit the golf and turfgrass sector. STERF was set up in 2006 by the golf federations in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Iceland and the Nordic Greenkeepers Associations. Research funded by STERF is carried out at universities or research institutes (or equivalent) where most relevant research capacity is concentrated. STERF helps to strengthen research capacity by encouraging and supporting networks and collaborating actively with international key organisations in the field of turfgrass management. STERF also arranges innovation workshops to help identify the golf and turfgrass industry s future research needs, where researchers and industry representatives contribute to the planning process. STERF receives funding from participating golf associations, which can be complemented by funding from other sources. STERF s vision is to be the leading international centre of expertise in sustainable golf course management. To achieve the vision STERF focuses on: Ensuring that Nordic turfgrass research and development focuses on internationally important areas where concerted research and industrial efforts are required. These include the pressures generated by government demands for greater environmental regulation, the increasing pressure on natural resources (notably water, energy and land), the emerging role of turf management in supporting ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity, the continued need to promote integrated pest management, and the looming challenges posed by a changing climate and the urgent need to adapt. Establishing a successful international research and development collaboration, including research facilities and expertise in all five Nordic countries. STERF will continue to initiate inter- disciplinary and multidisciplinary research and support collaboration in Europe, Canada, USA and China, involving both researchers and stakeholders interested in land

8 8 STERF INTRODUCTION. initiate inter- disciplinary and multidisciplinary research and support collaboration in Europe, Canada, USA and China, involving both researchers and stakeholders interested in land used for managed turfgrass areas. Developing and expanding the STERF industrial scientific partner programme by collaborating with leading international companies within the sector to further strengthen the strategy that research and development should be integrated from producer to end-user. The STERF industrial scientific programme can be found on: Taking a lead in making research results and new knowledge easily accessible to end-users and to provide support to implement changes, a prerequisite for achieving improvements in the sustainable management of golf courses and other turfgrass areas. Making the turfgrass industry in the Nordic countries a role model regarding responsibility for sustainable societal development, i.e. in producing managed turfgrass areas of a high standard while at the same time ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and contributing to functioning ecosystems. STERF BOARD Bruno Hedlund, STERF, Chairman Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO, vice Chairman Staffan Tuomolin, Finnish Golf Union Torben Kastrup Petersen, Danish Golf Union Pål Melbye, Norwegian Golf Federation Edwin Roald, Golf Union of Iceland Gunnar Håkansson, Swedish Golf Federation Jerry Knox, Cranfield University Stefan Nilsson, Swedish Greenkeeper Association Maria Strandberg, STERF STERF DIRECTOR Maria Strandberg, STERF ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Maria Strandberg, STERF Director (Chair) Peter Landschoot, Penn State University (independent international expert) Annick Bertrand, Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada (independent international expert) Asbjörn Nyholt (coordinator for golf course consultants/agronomists employed by the Nordic golf federations and Scandinavian greenkeeper associations) Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde (coordinator for researchers at universities/research institutes in the Nordic countries) ADVISORY COMMITTEE SUB-GROUP MEMBERS Consultants and practitioners: Asbjörn Nyholt (coordinator) Thomas Jepsen, Danish Golf Union Boel Sandström, Swedish Golf Federation John Riiber, Norwegian Greenkeepers Association Bjarni Hannesson, Golf Union of Iceland Jan Hellström, Finnish Golf Association Per Sørensen, Danish Golf Association Mikael Lagerstam, Swedish Golf Association Agne Strøm, Norwegian Golf Association Peter Fjällman, The European Institute of Golf Course Architects Researchers: Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde (coordinator) Researcher, SLU, Sweden Arne Tronsmo, NMBU, Norway Åslaug Helgadottir, Agricultural University of Iceland Margareta Ihse, Stockholm University Berit Charlotte Kaae, Copenhagen University, Denmark Markku Niskanen, LUKE, Finland

9 INTRODUCTION STERF 9 BACKGROUND Managed turfgrass areas such as golf courses, sport fields, landscaped amenity areas and public parks all provide an important social, environmental and economic resource for both urban and rural communities. These areas serve a multifunctional purpose by offering valuable open spaces for recreation, helping to improve the health and quality of life for individuals and, when designed and managed appropriately, enhancing biodiversity and supporting regulatory targets for environmental protection. Conversely, where turfgrass management practices are inadequate or inappropriate, their services to society are reduced and their impacts on the natural environment can be damaging and costly. The challenges for the future of turfgrass and golf course management are many and diverse. They include increasing demands on natural resources (notably land use, water resources and energy) driven by economic development and population growth, coupled with government demands for greater environmental protection, which are creating conflicts at the interface between land management (including turfgrass) and the environment. The situation is particularly acute in peri-urban areas where the majority of managed turfgrass facilities are concentrated. Population growth, migration and climate change will exacerbate the current situation, by increasing the competition for resources between individual sectors, including agriculture, urban development, tourism and the environment. Many golf courses, sport facilities and stadiums are under pressure due to the financial crisis of recent years. For example, in many countries there has been a decrease in the number of registered golf players. It is common for golf courses to base their financial stability on a constant inflow of members rather than a static membership. However, they are now facing the challenge of balancing this approach against the new concept of fewer members and new conditions in a more variable and more competitive market. The key for golf course and turfgrass management will be to increase resource use efficiency, reduce maintenance costs and minimise the environmental impact. In this context, the protection and enhancement of ecosystem services will need to be fully integrated into the planning, design, construction and management of all golf and turfgrass facilities. The Nordic Golf Federations have approximately members, playing golf on more than 900 courses that cover a total area of more than hectares. Any societal activity as significant as golf must take responsibility for building knowledge through research and development (R&D). There are several important reasons why Nordic R&D is necessary. In Central Scandinavia, Oslo, Stockholm and Helsinki lie at the same latitude as the southern tip of Greenland (~60oN). This provides a unique climate resulting from a combination of factors such as light, temperature and precipitation during the playing season and particularly during the winter season. The Nordic climate creates conditions for plant growth and the construction and management of golf courses, sport fields etc. that are not found anywhere else in the world. R&D is, and will continue to be, a necessary and strategically important investment for the golf sector in achieving economically and environmentally sustainable golf facilities of a high standard and in establishing the credibility of golf as an environmentally friendly sport. Golf facilities that are already using new knowledge are achieving cost savings through more efficient management strategies, while also enhancing the golf course, raising the profile of their golf facility and improving the environment. The financial resources allocated to R&D in each country are very limited and the number of scientists actively working within each priority R&D area is also quite limited compared with agricultural and forestry research. The financial resources and efforts of these researchers should therefore be coordinated through STERF to optimise R&D within the golf and turfgrass sector.

10 10 STERF INTRODUCTION. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND R&D SUB-PROGRAMMES STRATEGIC RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The golf and turfgrass industry, like other land-based industries, has to take responsibility for sustainable societal development, i.e. it must produce golf courses and other turfgrass areas of a high standard while at the same time ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources and contributing to functioning ecosystems. The aim of STERF is to support R&D that can help the golf industry to fulfil these ambitions. The activities of STERF are intended to lead to improvements in the quality of golf courses, as well as economic and environmental gains for the industry and society as a whole. The strategic objectives for STERF-funded R&D activities are that: The design, construction, management and administration of golf courses provide optimal conditions for playing quality, degree of utilisation of the course and management inputs. The design, construction, management and administration of golf courses are economically and environmentally sustainable, for example with respect to plant nutrient requirements, water and energy use, drainage and control of weeds and plant diseases. Golf courses contribute to improving the relationship between golf and ecosystems, enhance the natural and cultural values of the landscape and promote biodiversity. R&D SUB-PROGRAMMES It is apparent that the golf and turfgrass industry faces a number of local and international challenges, all of which will need concerted and collective solutions, underpinned by robust, applied science. To meet the challenges the sector has to face, STERF has created four international and trans-disciplinary R&D sub-programmes: Integrated pest management Sustainable water management Turfgrass winter stress management Multifunctional use of golf facilities and ecosystem services. Progress in these programme areas will collectively lead to improvements in the quality of managed turfgrass areas, as well as economic and environmental gains for the industry. The key objectives of the pro-

11 INTRODUCTION STERF 11 grammes are to coordinate the design and running of R&D activities and to manage the effective dissemination of outputs (new knowledge) through channels and formats which are easily accessible to end-users. STERF will play a key role in expanding the programmes on international level. Integrated Pest Management New regulations at national and international level relating to the turfgrass industry are becoming more demanding. A good example is the EU Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticides, which includes strategies for integrated pest management (IPM). STERF, together with the Nordic park and golf sector, universities, research institutions and authorities, takes responsibility for ensuring that R&D activities important for IPM are coordinated and executed and that new knowledge is delivered. Sustainable water management Water is essential to secure the future of the turf industry and the livelihoods of many rural communities that depend upon it. Working with industry and leading research institutes, STERF s goal is to provide science-based information to practitioners and stakeholders on integrated water management in turf. This will improve management practices relating to both irrigation and drainage systems, help protect environmental water quality and support the industry in adapting to the effects of future changes in rainfall and climate variability on water resources. Turfgrass winter stress management Winter damage is the foremost reason for dead grass, reducing the aesthetic and functional value of turf. UN-IPCC climate scenarios predict that, due to high precipitation and unstable temperature, ice and water damage will become the most important cause of winter damage in the future. This is a complex but high priority area for STERF, as it has been estimated that about 70% of Nordic golf courses suffer from winter damage each year and that the associated average annual costs per golf course are STERF will take responsibility for developing strategic expertise and new knowledge to avoid and manage such damage. Multifunctional use of golf facilities and ecosystem services Multifunctional golf courses can contribute to increased biological diversity, conservation of na tural and cultural environments, and retention and expansion of ecosystem services, and can help to improve people s health and quality of life by providing facilities for active outdoor recreation. Through STERF s R&D programme within multifunctional facilities, the societal benefits of golf can be improved and the Nordic area can become a model region as regards multifunctional golf courses and collaborations between different interests in society. Four central research and development areas have been identified: (1) The everyday landscape and peri-urban nature, (2) Nature and culture, (3) Dialogue and cooperation, and (4) Business promotion. Programme coordinators Programme coordinators appointed by STERF, together with the STERF board and its director, are responsible for developing STERF R&D programmes. Overarching duties to be fulfilled by the programme coordinators are: To be a champion or nominal lead for their programme To make sure that the programme has a suitable mix of activities, not only research but also other industry-linked initiatives, including for example meetings, workshops and media outputs To help share programme workload To take ownership of the activities/ initiatives that need to be developed over the next three years. The full R&D programmes and presentation of programme coordinators can be found at:

12 12 STERF INTRODUCTION.

13 INTRODUCTION STERF 13 STERF S INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC PARTNER PROGRAMME Because STERF is working globally and launching international programmes, it has invited important companies within the sector to become involved in its Industrial Scientific Partner Programme. The aim is to increase the credibility of STERF s research and development programme, and also to increase financial support for programmes and projects. The involvement of leading suppliers will also strengthen the important strategy that research and development should be integrated all the way from producer to end-user. STERF and the industrial scientific partners have had several discussions about creating combined R&D projects involving a number of different industrial partners and STERF. The aim of these projects will be to identify, explain and suggest solutions for complex problems relevant for the sector. As an Industrial Scientific Partner to STERF, companies have a whole range of benefits: Access to the leading research and innovation centre in the turfgrass and environmental field The opportunity to take part in creating STERF s research programme through participation in the planning process Participation in STERF workshops and seminars A world-wide network of contacts with international universities and centres of research in the golf sector A contact day on which to present and discuss the particular company s strategic development issues Information via the STERF newsletter and website Collaboration on research projects and product development Contacts with public authorities. STERF s partners 2017 STERF is proud to present its current Industrial Scientific Partners: Aquatrols Europe Ltd. Botanical Analysis Group Melspring OGT Syngenta

14 14 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS SCANGREEN: TURFGRASS SPECIES, VARIETIES, SEED BLENDS AND MIXTURES FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT OF SCANDINAVIAN PUTTING GREENS PROJECT PERIOD: JANUARY 2015 DECEMBER 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL ) Includes an extra ear-marked grant of 78 ksek from Norwegian Golf Federation in 2016 to write one popular article and give one additional talk on alternative seed mixtures and blends. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department for Urban Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Phone: trygve.aamlid@ nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Gudni Thorvaldsson, Agricultural University of Iceland, Iceland Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, University of Copenhagen-IGN, Denmark Pia Heltoft, Tatsiana Espevig, Trond Pettersen, and Jan Tangsveen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway PROJECT OBJECTIVES To clarify which varieties of Agrostis, Festuca, Poa and Lolium are best suited for integrated pest management of putting greens at four experimental sites representing the two major climate zones in the Nordic countries To investigate the effect on visual quality and uniformity in space and time of using traditional and non-traditional seed mixtures and blends on putting greens To create meeting places for discussions between plant breeders, seed companies and greenkeepers in order to encourage variety awareness, integrated pest management and continued efforts on turfgrass breeding for high-latitude environments TALKS AT CONFERENCES MEETINGS, SEMINARS, FIELD DAYS, ETC IN April: Trial at Landvik visited by Geert Grönckel, Syngenta 7 June: Trial at Apelsvoll visited by group from Denmark 19 June: Trial at Apelsvoll visited by representatives from Barenbrug seed company 21 June: Lecture and presentation of Landvik plots to 60 participants in NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day 4 Oct.: Trial at Landvik visited by 20 students from Sandmose Greenkeeper School 10 Nov.: Put your bet on the winning genes. Results from winter survival in SCANGREEN trials presented at NOBIO/STERF seminar on Winter Stress Management, Gardermoen, Norway. Season: Trial at Sydsjælland visited by individual greenkeepers and students 5-6 times, and by the board of Maribo GC. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS BY 1 JANUARY 2018 Breeding and evaluation of turfgrass varieties is key to better turf quality. Since 2003, STERF has been testing species and varieties under realistic green conditions, including wear from pedestrian-type machines equipped with golf spikes. Results are updated annually at and SCANGREEN is being conducted at NIBIO Apelsvoll, Norway (62 N) and Korpa GC, Reykjavik, Iceland (64 N), in the northern zone and at NIBIO Landvik, Norway (58 N), and Sydsjælland GC, Denmark (56 N), in the southern zone. The trials include

15 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF candidate varieties and seven controls representing eight different species (Table 1). Festuca sp., Lolium perenne (Lp) and Poa pratensis (Pp) are mown to 5 mm, other species to 3 mm. Pesticides are never used in the trials. Unlike former test rounds, SCANGREEN also includes seed mixtures and blends. Halfway through the project period and on average for varieties, Pp had the highest quality scores, due to less winter damage and better disease resistance than in the other species. However, the leaves of Pp were coarse and stiff, and playing quality remains to be evaluated. The fine-leaved Poa trivialis (Pt) performed well in the north, especially when used as a nurse crop for Agrostis stolonifera (As), but did not thrive and was often a dark purple colour in the south. Two Put showed the same poor winter hardiness and susceptibility to disease as former entries of Poa annua. Evaluation of seed blends of Musica and Cezanne (control varieties of F. rubra ssp. commutata (Frc) and F. rubra ssp. litoralis (Frl) respectively) showed the optimal ratio to be 75/25 in the north and 50/50 in the south. Within species, the most promising entries of As, better than Independence, were Pure Distinction, Luminary, Ignite, Riptide and Flagstick in the south and these same varieties except for Pure Distinction in the north. The most promising entries of Agrostis capillaris (better than Jorvik ) were Heritage and DLF-PS-AT 3026 (yet unnamed) in both zones. Within fescues, none of the new entries of Frc or Frl outperformed Musica and Cezanne, respectively. All Lps had less than 10% winter survival in the north, but Clementine produced significantly denser turf with 21% less height growth than Chardin in the south. Within Pt, Sabrena 1 and, to a lesser extent, Qasar were ranked higher than Dark Horse in both zones. Agrostis stolonifera Agrostis capillaris Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Festuca rubra ssp. litoralis Poa trivialis Poa annua Lolium perenne Poa pratensis DLF Independence Flagstick Jorvik DLFPS- Humboldt Wagner 1 Cezanne Aporina Sabrena 1 TwoPut Chardin Clementine AT/3026 Teetop Barenbrug Ignite Musica Barchip Aureline Skånefrø Dark Horse Everris Memorial Heritage Riptide Germinal Borluna Mirador Semilas Valderrama Winterway Rinovo Fito Svensk Jordelit Pure Distinction Crystal Blue PGG CT 3030 Wrightson Land- Luminary mark Weibulls Horto Qasar DSV Limousine Total number Varieties in SCANGREEN by species and by breeding/seed company. Varieties in bold are controls

16 16 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS ENGINEERING BETTER IRRIGATION IN TURF: QUANTIFYING IMPACTS OF APPLICATION UNIFORMITY ON TURF QUALITY IN GOLF PROJECT PERIOD: OCTOBER MAY 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Jerry Knox, Cranfield Water Science Institute, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK Phone: +44 (0) j.knox@cranfield.ac.uk CO-APPLICANTS Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway PROJECT OBJECTIVES To assess the environmental impacts of irrigation heterogeneity on turf quality, water use and nutrient uptake. To evaluate irrigation management practices using two case study golf courses in Norway (Oslo GC) and Denmark (Furesø GC). To review current irrigation practices, scheduling methods and equipment operation and management through fieldwork and industry survey. To calibrate a ballistic model to simulate irrigation application (uniformity, adequacy, efficiency) under contrasting climate and turf management scenarios. To interview greenkeepers, irrigation engineers and representatives from the Scandinavian golf industry in order to assess turf irrigation management practices and how these relate to system design. To develop best management practice guidelines for the Scandinavian golf industry. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN June: Poster presentation at the conference Science for a Circular Economy - How to tackle the Water, Energy, Food Nexus, Cranfield University, UK (Gomez awarded the prize for best poster at the conference). PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 This project aims to quantify the links between irrigation heterogeneity (non-uniformity) and turf management and hence provide industry guidelines for greenkeepers and course managers to improve irrigation management and reduce environmental impacts associated with golf course irrigation. This 3-year PhD research combines fieldwork in the UK, Denmark and Norway to (i) calibrate and validate a ballistics model used to simulate sprinkler irrigation uniformity and performance, and (ii) parameterise a biophysical model (STICS) to simulate fine turf growth and development and impacts on dry matter production (clippings) and nutrient leaching risks. The research is being informed by liaison with greenkeepers and key informants from the Scandinavian golf industry. Golf sprinkler irrigation modelling. Successful validation and calibration of a ballistics model to simulate overlapped irrigation distribution patterns and non-uniformity on golf greens under varying conditions (changing wind speed and wind direction), operating pressures and sprinkler spacings. Carlos Gómez conducted fieldwork at Furesø GC

17 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 17 Conducting an irrigation uniformity field test Denmark in June Photo: C Gómez (Denmark) to understand sprinkler irrigation system configuration and management practices (June 2017). The preliminary findings were presented by Carlos Gómez in a poster Simulation of irrigation heterogeneity on golf greens using a ballistics model at the Science for a Circular Economy: How to tackle the Water, Energy, Food Nexus conference held at Cranfield University, UK, on June Spatial distribution of irrigation rates (mm h -1 ) (left panel) and percentage of green area that received at least the scheduled irrigation rate (mm h -1) (right panel) for a sample green in Scandinavia. Modelling turf growth and development Carlos Gómez attended a 3-day crop modelling training workshop in France (Jan 2017) on STICS to support model implementation for fine turf on golf courses. The STICS model has been successfully calibrated and validated, resulting in a first paper based on a systematic review of evidence on the impacts of irrigation management on turf agronomy and environment: Gómez-Armayones, C., Kvalbein, A., Aamlid, T.S., Knox, J.W. (2018) Assessing evidence on the agronomic and environmental impacts of turfgrass irrigation management. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 1-14; DOI: /jac

18 18 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS OPTIMAL APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND SULPHUR IN AUTUMN FOR BETTER WINTER SURVIVAL OF PERENNIAL GRASSES WITH EMPHASIS ON TURF PROJECT PERIOD: MARCH DECEMBER 2017 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Bert Sandell, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department for Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad. Phone bert.sandell@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Wendy Waalen, Trygve S Aamlid, and Tatsiana Espevig, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group PROJECT OBJECTIVES To measure the effect of autumn application of nitrogen and sulphur on winter survival and leakage of nitrogen from two major turfgrass species on Scandinavian golf greens. To define effects of autumn application of nitrogen and sulphur on resistance of creeping bent grass and annual meadow grass to Microdochium nivale, and on tolerance of these species to freezing temperatures and suffocation To determine the impact of nitrogen fertilisation on the content of specific carbohydrates in the grass crown and to identify the relationship between carbohydrate content and resistance to winter stresses. To disseminate, confirm and illustrate the most significant findings TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN January: Plant nutrients and stress resistance, Adaptation to winter stresses, Winter preparation of golf greens, Winter work and spring recovery. A. Kvalbein, IGA, Reykjavik, Iceland 03 March: Plant nutrients and stress resistance, Adaptation to winter stresses, Winter preparation of golf greens, Winter work and spring recovery. A. Kvalbein, DGU seminar, Roskilde GC, Denmark 30 March: Plant nutrients and stress resistance, Adaptation to winter stresses, Winter preparation of golf greens, Winter work and spring recovery. A. Kvalbein, Estonia Nov.: NIBIO Winter Stress Management Seminar, Gardermoen Securing turfgrass winter survival on golf courses: Improvements in genetics and management. Eric Watkins, University of Minnesota. Winter survival of turf- and forage grasses. Recent advances and future prospects. S. Dalmannsdottir. Autumn fertilisation project Experimental overview. Environmental consequences of fertilisation. A. Kvalbein Snow moulds. Optimal fertilisation with N and S. T. Espevig Winter challenges at Keilir GC, Iceland. B. Hannesson Winter challenges at Hauger GC, Norway. E. Moroney Winter challenges at Tapiola GC, Finland. G. O Mahoney Winter challenges at golf courses in Denmark. A. Nyholdt Winter challenges at golf courses in Sweden. C-J. Lönneberg

19 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 19 My fight against ice encasement. O.A. Kjøsnes, Byneset GC My winter covers. T. Petterson, Sala GC Put your bet on the winning grass genes. T. Aamlid Wavering turf between growing and acclimated status. T. Espevig Light and winter survival. W. Waalen Anoxia, spring injuries and re-establishment challenges. W. Waalen Green preparation. Recommended autumn fertilisation. A. Kvalbein PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 In 2014 and 2015, USGA greens were established with creeping bent (CB) and annual meadow grass (AMG). One was built on the lysimeter facility at Landvik. In the acclimation period, half the green at Apelsvoll was shaded to about 30% of full sunlight. In autumn, the greens were fertilised weekly at decreasing rates with liquid fertiliser. Only nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) varied among treatments. Other elements were given at rates which, according to the STERF fertiliser handbook, were adequate for the highest N rate. Total N rates September-November were 0/2.8/5.6/8.4 g/m 2. The 5.6 g N/m 2 rate was combined with either excess sulphur (N:S = 1:1.6) or no S, giving six treatments in total. Grass plants were sampled twice in winter and tested in the lab for freezing tolerance, resistance to pink snow mould and suffocation. Three rates of N were used in large-scale trials at Keilir GC (ISL), Roskilde GC (DK), Tapiola GC (FIN), Kungliga Drottningholm GC (SE) and Hauger GC (NO) in autumn Major findings: The highest N rate significantly increased microdochium patch in AMG and CB. The low N rate resulted in less microdochium patch, better colour and better reparation capacity in spring at Landvik compared with no-n and high-n The shaded green had significantly more disease and less freezing tolerance, but tolerance to suffocation was not affected Freezing tolerance of AMG was not significantly affected by autumn fertilisation. In CB there was a strong negative correlation between N rate and freezing tolerance Four, 20 and 43% of the N given in autumn at a rate of 2.8, 5.6 and 8.4 g N/m 2, respectively, was lost in drainage water. Sulphur generally had no effect on freezing tolerance or microdochium patch, except for Landvik where normal S gave less microdochium patch and better colour in AMG and CB compared with no-s and high-s. Exact autumn fertiliser guidelines are difficult because conditions vary between sites and years. Effects of autumn N-fertilisation on microdochium patch and colour in annual meadow grass and creeping bent. Landvik, 16 March Photos: A. Kvalbein. Based on our data, our recommendations are: 1. Use the same balanced mix of nutrients in autumn as in the rest of the year. 2. Adjust the N rate in late August to achieve normal harvest of clippings (a rate 20-30% lower than the maximum rate in June). Rough guidelines are 7, 5 and 3 kg N/ha/week in AMG, CB and red fescue, respectively. 3. Reduce fertiliser dose every week until the turf stops growing. 4. Reduce N rate by 10-20% if the risk of winter damage (e.g. shade, disease pressure, weak turfgrass species or varieties) is high.

20 20 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS SUSPHOS: SUSTAINABLE PHOSPHORUS (P) FERTILISATION OF GOLF COURSES PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL DECEMBER 2020 FUNDING (ksek) TOTAL STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department for Urban Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad. Phone: trygve.aamlid@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Anne Falk Øgaard, NIBIO Division for Environment and Natural Resources Tore Krogstad, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) Micah Woods, Asian Turfgrass Center, Bangkok, Thailand Yajun Chen, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China Kim Sintorn, Swedish Golf Federation Niels Dokkuma, Netherlands Golf Federation Dean Cleaver, Federation of European Greenkeepers Associations Michael Bekken (Golf Environment Organization, until Aug. 2017) PROJECT OBJECTIVES The principal objective is economic savings and lower environmental impact by reduced and more targeted fertilisation with phosphorus (P) according to soil analyses. Subgoals: To determine the need for extra P fertiliser for turfgrass establishment or re-establishment on sand-based golf greens with low soil P values and at various temperatures (WP 1) To determine the effect on time of green-up and turfgrass quality of foliar or granular applications of increasing amounts of P at various soil temperatures in spring (WP 2) To document effects on turfgrass quality and fertiliser costs of switching from conventional SLAN-based fertilisation to MLSN- or PF-based fertilisation on golf courses representing a range of climate zones, soil types and turfgrass species. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN June: Overview of ongoing research. T.S Aamlid, P. Heltoft & A. Falk Øgaard, NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Phosphorus (P) causes eutrophication of freshwater and has limited global reserves. The conventional SLAN (Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients) recommendation for turfgrass is to maintain soil P levels >54 mg P/kg (Mehlich 3). However, MLSN theory (Minimum Level of Sustainable Nutrition) suggests a critical level of only 21 mg P/kg. MLSN usually means lower P inputs than STERF s recommendation for PF (Precision Fertilisation), by which P is given at a constant ratio to nitrogen (N:P = 100:12), regardless of soil levels. The background to this project is that the Golf Environment Organisation (GEO) is considering including MLSN as a criterion in its OnCourse sustainability platform. This requires verification that 21 mg P/kg is adequate as a universal guideline across soil types, turf types and climates. For the Nordic countries, it is especially important to clarify whether low soil temperature or turfgrass re-establishment after winter damage require higher P inputs than turfgrass maintenance at higher temperature.

21 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 21 Establishing creeping bentgrass in cylinders receiving various amounts of phosphorus. Photo: Trygve S. Aamlid. Cylinders 6 weeks after seeding creeping bentgrass in WP1. N/P ratio was: 100/0 (left), 100/6 (middle) and 100/12 (right). Photo: Anne Falk Øgaard. The project has three workpackages (WPs). In WP1, turfgrass coverage, clipping yields, root development and P uptake are being studied over a 5-week period after sowing creeping bentgrass in 40 cm deep cylinders filled with USGA-spec. sand (12 mg P/kg) at 7, 12 and 17 C in daylight phytotrone chambers in spring 2017 and Results from 2017 showed a strong increase in turfgrass grow-in rate as P relative to N increased from 0 to 12 %, but no significant response to higher P rate, irrespective of temperature. In WP 3, field trials comparing zero P vs. P inputs according to the SLAN, MLSN and PF models were established in May/June 2017 on putting greens with initially low soil P levels (6-35 mg P/kg) and a turf cover of annual meadow grass at Falkenberg GC, Sweden, red fescue at Princenbosch GC, Netherlands, and creeping bentgrass at Jingshan Lake GC, China, and NIBIO Landvik, Norway. These trials will be followed over a four-year period to monitor possible effects of P on turfgrass quality. In WP2, the influence of P on spring green-up of established creeping bentgrass taken from a green (44 mg P/kg soil) is being studied in the same phytotrone chambers as in WP1. This WP is also comparing the same total amount of P given as granular superphosphate at the start of the trial or as weekly foliar applications of phosphoric acid. Results to date show no significant effect of P amount or application method on turfgrass green-up.

22 22 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS EFFECT OF IRRIGATION, FERTILISER TYPE AND SOIL AMENDMENT ON TURF QUALITY AND ORGANIC MATTER ACCUMULATION/THATCH CONTROL ON CREEPING BENTGRASS GREENS PROJECT PERIOD: MAY MARCH 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Bert Sandell, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: bert.sandell@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Trygve S. Aamlid and Trond O. Pettersen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway PROJECT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Melspring s soil conditioners Matrix and Stor-it and Melspring s controlled-release fertiliser Marathon on turfgrass grow-in, visual quality, playing quality, soil water content, leaf nitrogen concentration, root development and thatch accumulation, on a creeping bentgrass putting green under excessive irrigation to field capacity. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN JUNE: Project presented at NIBIO turfgrass field day, T.S. Aamlid. 30 NOV.: Preliminary results presented in Amsterdam, T.S. Aamlid and B. Sandell. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 This project is comparing Melspring s sand/soil improvers Matrix and Stor-it (containing natural zeolite) and Matrix (also containing seaweed) with an unamended control. In 2016, Matrix or Stor-it was mixed at 10% (v/v) into the top 5 cm of a USGA-spec. green with initial organic matter content 0.8% under a mobile rainout shelter at NIBIO Landvik. The green was sown with creeping bentgrass on 9 June Applications of Matrix and Stor-it continued as part of topdressing. Once grow-in was completed on 5 August 2016, two more experimental factors were added: 1) During four weeks in 2016 and eight weeks in 2017, the rainout shelter was activated and main plots either irrigated to field capacity (FC) once a week or excess-irrigated twice a week with 50% more water than needed to replenish FC; and 2) Marathon controlled-release fertiliser applied every 4 weeks was compared with Wallco liquid mineral fertiliser applied every 2 weeks. Total N rate during the maintenance period was 10 and 18 g N/m 2 in 2016 and 2017, resp.. Due to its seaweed content, Matrix added a further 33 g N/m 2 before sowing, and 2.3 and 4.1 g N/m 2 in topdressing in 2017 and 2018, resp. This extra N was not compensated for on unamended or Stor-it plots. Major findings from 2017 are: Matrix increased soil water-holding capacity (SWC) at both 0-38 mm and mm. Stor-it decreased SWC at 0-38 mm, but gave the same SWC at mm as the control Matrix resulted in more Microdochium nivale and thus reduced turfgrass quality in spring, but recovery from M. nivale was fast, resulting in better quality during and after the irrigation period in summer/autumn

23 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 23 Plots amended with Matrix had more Microdochium nivale shortly after snowmelt on 17 March Photo: Trygve S. Aamlid. Stor-it resulted in lower turf quality than the control throughout the year. It seems to be more effective in wet conditions. Both Matrix and Stor-it gave shorter roots but harder playing surfaces than the control. Marathon gave equal/ better turf colour than Wallco from spring to the first part of the shelter period in June. Wallco produced better turf quality than Marathon during the latter part of the shelter period in July and the two following months. However, despite more the annual N being given in autumn in the Wallco than the Marathon treatment, turfgrass colour was better with Marathon than with Wallco by late October. This may be an effect of higher mineralisation of organic matter. Study commissioned by Melspring BV, STERF industrial partner. Final report will be made when chemical analyses are completed (Feb. 2018). Measuring soil water content at 0-20 cm depth on 19 June. Photo: Trygve S. Aamlid.

24 24 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS EFFECT OF FERTILISER TYPE, SILICON AND COPPER ON TURF QUALITY AND MICRODOCHIUM INFECTION ON A POA ANNUA PUTTING GREEN PROJECT PERIOD: MAY JUNE 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL 95 96, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Tatsiana Espevig, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dep. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: tatsiana.espevig@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Trygve S. Aamlid and Trond O. Pettersen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway PROJECT OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of the patented long-lasting organic mineral fertiliser Marathon and the micronutrient mixtures Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu on microdochium patch and turf quality on an annual meadowgrass golf green. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN JUNE: Evaluation of Marathon fertiliser, Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu on turf quality and microdochium patch on a Poa annua putting green. T. Espevig, NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day, Landvik, Norway. 30 NOV.: STERF/NIBIO project for Melspring II: Effect of fertiliser type, silicon and copper on turf quality and diseases on Poa annua putting greens. T. Espevig and T.S. Aamlid, Skype meeting with Melspring Plant Care. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 A two-factor experiment on a USGA-spec. annual bluegrass golf green at Landvik research station (NIBIO) was run from August Factor 1 consisted of two fertiliser regimes: traditional Wallco liquid mineral fertiliser at 2-wk intervals vs. long-lasting Marathon fertilizer at 4-wk intervals. The regimes started on 15 August 2016 and 7 April 2017 and lasted to October 2016 and mid-november 2017, respectively. Total N amounted to 207 and 286 kg ha-1 yr-1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Factor 2 consisted of four treatments: i) negative control (no treatment), ii) positive control (fungicide treatment), iii) micronutrient mixtures (Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu) and iv) combination of (ii) and (iii). The fungicide was applied each time microdochium patch exceeded 2%, totalling 3 times by 10 January 2017 (4 Oct. 2016, 21 Nov. 2016, 4 Jan. 2017) and 2 times by 4 Jan (12 Oct. 2017, 6 Dec. 2017). Diseases, overall impression, density and colour were evaluated throughout the growing season at 4-wk intervals prior to Marathon application. Microdochium patch first appeared in late August 2016 and in mid-september 2017, and the disease was monitored also throughout the winter and as weather conditions allowed. By 6 April 2017, microdochium patch amounted to 2% on the plots treated with fungicides and to 27% on unsprayed plots, with no differences between fertiliser regimes or Melgreen products. On average for monthly recordings in September-November 2017, microdochium patch amounted to 1.7% and 2.5% on Marathon and Wallco plots, respectively. On average for observations from August to October, Marathon plots had better colour than Wallco plots (6.7 vs 6.0 in 2016; 7.2 vs 6.3 in 2017, scale 1-9, 9=best), but there were no differences in overall impression between Marathon and Wallco (4.8 and 4.7, respectively) (Figure 1). No differences in density were seen in 2016, but Wallco plots were somewhat denser than Marathon plots in 2017 (6.8 vs. 6.1, scale 1-9, 9=densest). This was most likely due to 23% higher N amount on Wallco plots than on Marathon plots during spring and early summer.

25 Figure 1. Better colour on Marathon plots than on Wallco plots on 31 October 2017, one week after Marathon and Wallco were applied. Photo: Tatsiana Espevig. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 25

26 26 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS TESTING THE EFFECT OF ALGAEGREEN ON WINTER STRESS TOLERANCE PROJECT PERIOD: JUNE MAY 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Bert Sandell, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: bert.sandell@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Trygve S. Aamlid, Tatsiana Espevig and Trond Pettersen, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, Norway PROJECT OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of the seaweed product AlgeaGreen on winter stress tolerance of four turfgrass species maintained on a golf course putting green. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Seaweed or algae products have become a tool for turfgrass manager as biostimulants. One such product is AlgeaGreen from the Irish company OGT. According to the label, this biostimulant is extracted from pure Ascophyllum nodosum at low temperature. Plots of creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera), red fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and annual meadow grass (Poa annua) were established on a USGA green in June AlgeaGreen was applied biweekly at a rate of 15 L/ha from mid-august to late October 2016 and Turfgrass quality was assessed regularly in autumn 2016, spring 2017 and autumn 2017 and assessments will continue in spring Plant samples for determination of freezing tolerance (LT 50 lethal temperature for 50% of plants) were taken in December 2016 and Results from winter showed a significant effect of AlgeaGreen on freezing tolerance. The mean LT 50 value was 1.1 C lower for grass treated with AlgeaGreen than for the untreated control. There were no significant differences in the field regarding disease, visual performance or chlorophyll index (green colour). Results from field observations from August to November 2017 and freezing tests in December 2017 have not yet been subjected to statistical analyses. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN JUNE: Presentation at NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day, A. Kvalbein.

27 Recording surviving plants after freezing test. Photo: B. Sandell. ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 27

28 28 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS DANDELION MANAGEMENT AT VÄRPINGE GOLF COURSE PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL FEBRUARY 2018 FUNDING (ksek) TOTAL STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Håkan Rasmusson, Värpinge golf course, Rinnebäcks gård, Lund, Sweden Phone: , hakan@varpingegolfbana.se CO-APPLICANTS Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, University of Copenhagen Roland Andersson, Toro, Sweden Peter Edman, Swedish Golf Federation PROJECT OBJECTIVES To obtain knowledge regarding dandelion occurrence and dandelion morphology/ appearance over the growing season and examine whether these are affected by a vertical cutting regime. To obtain some indications of how dandelions appear over the entire growing season under a frequent mowing/grazing regime. To evaluate the effect of the superficial verticutting on playing quality. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 At Värpinge GC, dandelions (Taraxacum sp.) affect playing quality. Since 2010, special vertical cutting equipment has been tested. There has been no clear effect of superficial verticutting (of leaves) on dandelion occurrence, overall and at each treatment time. However, there seems to be a tendency for less weeds in general in 2014, compared with 2010 and The variation within season, between seasons and between the two fairways is pronounced, although the degree of cover of dandelions is generally low, often below 5%. Verticutting of dandelions may thus be a way to manage this weed in order to create a better playing surface. In 2017, work was performed on the report and a field day was held in spring. At the field day, the project was presented together with other multifunctional initiatives at Värpinge GC. The following themes were presented and discussed: 1. Weed control of dandelion with a special vertical cutter. Weed control was discussed on-site in the trials and weed control equipment (Toro) was demonstrated. 2. Grazing with sheep of the entire course; what it does and how it is achieved in practice. 3. Organic vegetable cultivation in CSA format on golf course roughs. This is a social project in collaboration with Lund municipality. 4. Crane track - free architectural golf course for children up to 12 years. A totally unique course with reversible playing direction devised by the course architect. TALKS AT CONFERENCES MEETINGS, SEMINARS, FIELD DAYS, ETC IN May: Field day at Värpinge GC.

29 Field day at Värpinge GC. Photo: Anne Mette Dahl Jensen ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 29

30 30 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF BENTGRASS CULTIVARS (AGROSTIS SP.) FOR GENETIC AND INDUCED RESISTANCE TO MICRODOCHIUM PATCH AND PINK SNOW MOULD CAUSED BY MICRODOCHIUM NIVALE PROJECT PERIOD: JUNE APRIL 2018 FUNDING (ksek) TOTAL STERF Other sources TOTAL Total funding from Canadian sources: CDN$ 148,000/yr for three years from Jan to Dec PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Department for Urban Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: trygve.aamlid@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Tatsiana Espevig, Pia Heltoft and Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO Turfgrass Research group Klaus Paaske, Århus University, Denmark Oiva Niemelãinen, Pentti Ruttunnen and Auli Kedonparä, Luke, Finland Tom Hsiang, University of Guelph Annick Bertrand, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada PROJECT OBJECTIVES Overall objective: To reduce the dependence on fungicides in controlling diseases caused by Microdochium nivale on golf courses in Scandinavia and Canada. Subgoals (each corresponding to a subproject (SP): To screen in vitro top-selling cultivars of Agrostis sp. for resistance to M. nivale, with and without cold hardening and with and without application of Civitas One mineral oil, and to identify genotypes that are either resistant or show increased responsiveness to the defence activator To validate level of resistance and responsiveness to Civitas One in the most promising cultivars (from subgoal 1) in field trials in contrasting climates in Canada and at NIBIO Landvik and Apelsvoll, Norway. To determine the effect of Civitas One on microdochium patch occurring during the growing season or under snow cover in registration trials on golf courses in the Nordic countries. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN JUNE: Trial at Apelsvoll visited by group of Danish farmers 21 JUNE: Lecture for 60 participants at NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day 4 OCT.: Trial at Landvik visited by 20 students from Sandmose Greenkeeper School PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Microdochium nivale is a serious pathogen on Nordic golf courses. Resistance to M. nivale can be present irrespective of environmental conditions, or it may require induction by defence activators. Canadian results suggest that Civitas One (CiO), a mixture of isoparaffins and a copper-containing pigment, induces resistance to M. nivale. This project had three workpackages (WPs). In WP1 we screened 36 bentgrass cultivars, with and without CiO, for resistance to M. nivale in glass vials (Photo 1). The trial was performed three times in growth chambers. Differences in response to CiO were not significant between colonial and velvet bentgrass cultivars. In creeping bentgrass, CiO induced

31 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 31 Photo 1 (Top). Screening bentgrass varieties for resistance to Microdochium nivale, with and without Civitas One. Photo: Anne A. Steensohn. Photo 2. Civitas One trial at Apelsvoll, 3 April The pigment was rather persistent and impeded natural green-up. Photo: Pia Heltoft. Photo 3. Registration trial with Civitas One at Hillside GC, Finland, 20 April Photo: Oiva Niemeläinen. resistance in Penn A4, Tiger Shark, T1 and Penn G6, but had no or negative effects in Independence, CY2, Alpha, Runner and Declaration. In WP2, the genetic component was investigated further in field trials at Landvik and Apelsvoll, Norway, from 2015 to Bentgrass cultivars were compared on unsprayed control plots, plots receiving CiO and plots receiving conventional fungicides. CiO was equally or more efficient than fungicides in controlling M. nivale at both sites. The differential response in WP1 was partly confirmed at Landvik, where CiO caused a stronger reduction in M. nivale in Tyee, T1 and Penncross than in Declaration, Focus, Independence and 007. On the negative side, the waxy layer after repeated applications of CiO in autumn impaired natural green-up at Apelsvoll in spring 2017 (Photo 2). In WP3, the effect of CiO was tested in five trials on golf courses in Denmark, Sweden and Finland from 2014 to In the Danish trials, which had practically no snow, CiO controlled M. nivale to the same level as conventional fungicides and significantly better than potassium phosphite. One of the Finnish trials confirmed that high rates of CiO in autumn could thin out the turf in spring, but the problem was overcome within a few weeks. Besides controlling M. nivale, an interesting feature of CO in these trials was its ability to act as a sun shield, thus reducing the need for turfgrass to produce anthocyan pigments (and possibly anti-oxidants) after snowmelt (Photo 3). In summary, this project shows good prospects for CiO to become a viable alternative to conventional fungicides for control of M. nivale on Nordic golf courses. The legal rights to CiO in Europe belong to Intelligo ( and work has started on getting the product to market.

32 32 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS FAIRY RINGS AND THATCH COLLAPSE PROJECT PERIOD: NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 2017 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Tatsiana Espevig, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dep. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: tatsiana.espevig@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, before 1 September 2017 Bert Sandell (NIBIO), NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group, after 1 September 2017 PROJECT OBJECTIVES To identify problems on two Norwegian golf courses and test measures such as fertiliser, hand spiking and application of wetting agents. To write a short article providing insights into these problems based on practical tests and reports from other countries (mostly United States). TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN June: Fairy rings. Trial presentation. NIBIO Turfgrass Field day, Landvik, Norway. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Fairy rings have long been seen as a cosmetic problem on golf courses, but in the past two years they have been reducing playing quality and killing grass on golf greens. The fungi causing fairy rings are not plant pathogens, since they do not permeate the plants. Increasing problems with fairy rings have been attributed to increased use of microbiological products, where these fungi were probably introduced. Experiments were conducted in summer 2017 on golf greens with creeping bentgrass at NIBIO Landvik, Bjaavann GC (Kristiansand) and Gamle Fredrikstad GC, to evaluate effects of a biostimulant and the wetting agent Revolution (produced by Aquatrols) on fairy rings. At Landvik, the fungicide Amistar (azoxystrobin) was used in tank mixture with Revolution in a treatment applied only once, on 15 June. On the golf courses, Revolution was applied without fungicide monthly from July to September (3 times); on Bjaavann GC, Revolution was also applied regularly in addition to the treatment. The biostimulant was applied monthly from June at Landvik (4 times) and from July to September on the golf courses (3 times). At Landvik, fairy rings were caused most likely by Bovista plumbea (Type 2 in June and Type 1 in August). There were generally no differences in soil moisture to 7.5 cm depth between treatments except for 2.7% higher soil moisture outside fairy rings compared with inside. Since the fairy rings grew beyond the experimental plots already in July, it was not possible to record their size and thus evaluate treatment effects. Overall impression and colour were generally better on control plots and plots treated with Amistar/Revolution than on plots treated with the biostimulant, but the differences were not significant. At Bjaavann GK, the fungal species causing fairy rings was not identified, since no fruiting bodies were found. The fairy rings were of Type 2 in June-August and Type 3 (not visible)

33 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 33 Above: Fruiting bodies of mushrooms (most likely Bovista sp.) causing fairy rings in the experiment at Landvik, 28 August Photo: Tatsiana Espevig. Below. Terje Haugen applies a biostimulant in the fairy ring trial at Bjaavann GC, 3 August Photo: Tatsiana Espevig. early in the spring. The reduction in the size of the rings from August to September was faster on control plots and biostimulant plots than Revolution plots. On 8 August, soil moisture to 12 cm depth was 3% higher outside than inside the fairy rings on control plots, while there was no difference in soil moisture on plots treated with Revolution or the biostimulant. The problems at Gamle Fredrikstad GK were defined as superficial fairy rings. According to Agne Strøm, there were no differences between treatments (the same treatments as at Bjaavann GC). S

34 34 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF DOLLAR SPOT CAUSED BY SCLEROTINIA HOMOEOCARPA ON SCANDINAVIAN GOLF COURSES PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL OCTOBER 2020 FUNDING (ksek) TOTAL STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: tatsiana.espevig@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Karin Normann, Asbjørn Nyholt ApS, Denmark Mariana Usoltseva and Åslög Dahl, Botanisk Analysgrupp /Göteberg Universitet, Sweden Jo Anne Crouch, Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Lab, Department of Agriculture, USA Kate Entwistle, The Turf Disease Centre, UK Roskilde GC and Helsingør GC, Denmark, Vallda GC and Kävlinge GC, Sweden, Drammen GC, Norway PROJECT OBJECTIVES To find the most efficient frequency for rolling and nitrogen rate in dollar spot control on golf greens (WP1) To determine the cardinal temperatures for growth of Scandinavian isolates of S. homoeocarpa and to assess risk of the pathogen spreading in Scandinavia (WP2) To screen the most widely used turfgrass species and cultivars for in vitro resistance to the Scandinavian isolates of S. homoeocarpa (WP3) TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN June: Status of dollar spot disease in Scandinavia. T. Espevig, NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day, Landvik 20 July: First report of dollar spot disease, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, in Agrostis stolonifera in Sweden. Poster presentation, T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, M. Usoltseva, Å. Dahl, A. Kvalbein, K. Normann, and J.A. Crouch. International Turfgrass Society Research Conference. New Brunswick, NJ, USA. 04 Oct.: Problem och utmaningar i M. Usoltseva, ERFA träff SGA. Tjörn GC. 04 Oct.: Soppsykdommer på golfgress. Besøk fra Sandmoseskolen, AMU Nordjylland, Denmark. Landvik Nov.: Dollar spot. K. Normann, DGA week. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Dollar spot was officially documented in Scandinavia in 2013 (Espevig et al., Plant Dis.) and the disease exists on more than 20 Nordic golf courses. The damage from dollar spot in Scandinavia varies and can be up to 70-80% dead turf on greens and fairways. Even when the disease pressure is low, recovery from dollar spot is very slow and the damage leads to indents on the green surface and to significant lowering of playing quality. This project is seeking to reduce the spread of dollar spot in the Nordic countries and to provide the golf sector and greenkeepers with non-chemical measures for control of this disease. The project consists of three workpackages (WP): WP1. Effects of rolling, nitrogen (N) or rolling in combination with N are being evaluated on five Scandinavian golf courses. On average for August-September 2017, rolling 2 times

35 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 35 Figure 1. Stefan Nillson (Vallda GC), Marina Usoltseva and Helena Lööf-Andersson (Botanisk Analysgrupp) recording dollar spot disease on a green after rolling treatments on 12 September Photo: Elisabeth Gondel. (R2) and 4 times (R4) per week, starting in June, reduced dollar spot by 61% and 95%, respectively, on a red fescue green in Vallda GC (Fig. 1), compared with no rolling (R0) (79 individual infection centres per 1 m 2 on R0 plots) (Fig. 2). On a green with red fescue and colonial bentgrass as dominant species on Roskilde GC, R2 and R4 starting in June reduced dollar spot by 37% and 54%, respectively, compared with R0 (19% disease on average for September and October on R0 plots) (Fig. 3). No reduction in dollar spot diseases was found on red fescue greens from a 20% increase in N in July-August from 50 kg ha -1 yr -1 at Helsingør GC and from 22 kg ha -1 yr -1 at Kävlinge GC. No effects of rolling or interactions between rolling and N were observed at Helsingør GC. At Drammen GK, no dollar spot disease was observed in summer-autumn WP2. Genetic analysis (ITS region of DNA) of local isolates of S. homoeocarpa (SH) from an earlier STERF project on dollar spot revealed that Scandinavian isolates belong to two genetic groups: the first is identical to that in the eastern and midwestern US, while the second is distinct. In an in vitro study in autumn 2017, all local SH isolates had 24 C as the optimal temperature for growth (OGT), while the abovementioned US isolates had both 16 C and 24 C as OGT. After 3 weeks at 0 C, growth of local isolates and British isolates was reduced by 7-36% and 23-38%, respectively, with no reduction in American and a Norwegian isolate. WP3. Turfgrass resistance to different isolates of S. homoeocarpa will be evaluated in Figure 2. Rolling 4 and 2 times per week starting in June reduced dollar spot compared with no rolling on a green at Vallda GC with red fescue as the dominant species, 7 September Photo: Stefan Nilsson. Figure 3. Rolling 4 and 2 times per week starting in June reduced dollar spot compared with no rolling on a green at Roskilde GC with red fescue and colonial bentgrass as dominant species, 14 September Photo: Karin Normann.

36 36 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS RISKS OF SURFACE RUNOFF AND LEACHING OF FUNGICIDES FROM GOLF GREENS VARYING IN ROOTZONE COMPOSITION AND AMOUNT OF THATCH PROJECT PERIOD: MAY DECEMBER 2018 FUNDING (ksek) TOTAL STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Department for Urban Greening and Environmental Technology, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad, Norway. Phone: trygve.aamlid@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Marit Almvik, NIBIO Department for Pesticides and Natural Products Chemistry. Agnar Kvalbein, Trond Pettersen and Tatsiana Espevig NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group PROJECT OBJECTIVES Main objective To minimise fungicide losses from golf courses. Subgoals: To determine sorption coefficients and thus the risk of leaching of prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, fludioxonil, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and their metabolites To determine the effect of organic matter type (peat or compost) and turf age/thatch accumulation on the risk of leaching and surface runoff of these fungicides and their metabolites To provide data for modelling leaching and runoff of fungicides from golf greens To publish the results in Journal of Environmental Technology or a similar peer-reviewed journal and to disseminate the findings to the environmental authorities and the golf industry in the Nordic countries and Germany. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN June: Preliminary results from project Fungicide leaching and surface runoff from golf greens. M. Almvik and T.S. Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Field Day, Landvik. 31 Aug.: International Conference on Pesticide Behaviour in Soils, Water and Air, York, UK, M. Almvik and T.S. Aamlid 12 Oct.: Project Update. M. Almvik and T.S. Aamlid, Reference group meeting (Skype). 27 Oct.: Greenkeeperverband Deutschland, Jahrestagung Potsdam, T.S. Aamlid. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 STERF projects years ago studied leaching from sand-based putting greens of azoxystrobin, propiconazole and some fungicides that are no longer permitted on Nordic golf courses. In this new project, we focus not only on leaching, but also on surface runoff of five commonly used fungicides and their metabolites after preventative applications against snow mould in late autumn. Besides STERF, the project is funded by the Norwegian Action Plan for Sustainable Use of Pesticides and by the German Greenkeepers Association. The project will run from 1 May 2016 to 1 December 2018 at NIBIO Landvik, Norway. The plots have 5% slope and a turf cover of creeping bentgrass. The trial has four blocks and two factors, each with two levels:

37 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 37 Factor 1: Organic amendment to the Factor 2: Turf age / thatch thickness sand-based (USGA) rootzone: 1.Sphagnum peat, loss on ignition 1.1 %, ph 5.5 A. Green sown in May Garden compost, loss on ignition 1.0 %, ph 6.5 B. Green established in May 2016 using sand-based sod, thatch layer 20 mm Delaro (prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin) and Signum (boscadlid + pyraclostrobin) are sprayed in late October and Medallion (fludioxonil) in early November. Each application is followed by collection of leachate and runoff until late March. During the mild winter , the mostly unfrozen green had very high infiltration rates: 91% of rainfall from 25 October to 20 March was collected as drainage water and only 3% as surface runoff. Fungicide detections in drainage water were very low, but in runoff water from the soil surface, the environmental safety limits for trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil and the metabolite prothioconazole-desthio were exceeded in water collected 3-4 weeks after application. These findings shows the importance of complying with the minimum distances to open water when spraying fungicides before winter. The sorption studies showed that the fungicides sorbed strongly to the sodded thatch layer, as expected from the high content of organic carbon in the thatch. Nevertheless, the surface runoff of fungicides was higher from sodded than from sown plots. This could be an effect of water repellency of the thatch layer and/or runoff of soilbound fungicides (erosion). Our results suggest that the risk of surface water contamination will increase as greens become older and accumulate more thatch. Tubes filled with methylene-blue used to indicate frost at different soil depths. Photo: Trond Pettersen.

38 38 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS SUCCESSFUL REESTABLISHMENT OF GOLF GREENS FOLLOWING WINTER DAMAGES PROJECT PERIOD: JULY JULY 2017 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL ) SEK 20, as in-kind contributions from machine companies and golf courses, was omitted from the budget in 2014 as the demonstration sites were not established until PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Wendy Waalen, NIBIO - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Apelsvoll, Nylinna 226, Kapp, NO Phone: wendy.waalen@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Trygve S. Aamlid and Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group Norway Carl-Johan Lönnberg, Swedish Golf Federation, Sweden Boel Sandström, Swedish Golf Federation, Sweden PROJECT OBJECTIVE The project aims to provide new knowledge that can help greenkeepers achieve faster reestablishment of turf after winter kill. Specific objectives were: To give species-specific guidelines for re-seeding after winter kill caused by anoxia To investigate how sowing techniques influence the rate of success To provide golf clubs with useful information on deciding the optimal time for reseeding To disseminate research-based recommendations to the golf industry TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN Nov.: Winter challenges at golf courses in Sweden. C.J. Lönnberg, SGF, NIBIO/STERF winter stress conference, Oslo 10 Nov.: Anoxia, spring injuries and reestablishment challenges. W. Waalen, NIBIO/STERF winter stress conference, Oslo PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 This project examined some important factors that can influence the success rate in reestablishing golf greens following winter kill. Work package 1 examined how phytotoxic metabolites, which can be produced during long-lasting ice cover, affect the establishment of different grass species used on golf greens. One field experiment was run at the NIBIO research facility at Apelsvoll in southern Norway in 2015 and Soil water extracts taken following ice encasement did not negatively affect germination of the various grass species tested in either year compared with saline water or soil water extracts taken from an area that had been killed with glyphosate. This experiment should be repeated on an older green with a higher level of organic matter, as this is expected to aggravate anoxic conditions. Furthermore, seedling root growth and the impact of germination temperature on the re-establishment capacity of the most common turfgrass species were investigated. Rate of germination and seedling root growth have important implications for competition between species on a golf green. Poa annua is a very competitive species, due to faster germination at lower temperatures, especially compared with Agrostis stolonifera and Festuca rubra ssp. communtata. Root growth of P. annua was also significantly faster than for the Agrostis species tested. Seedlings of Agrostis

39 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 39 Equipment used to re-sow the demonstration trial in Photo: Carl-Johan Lönnberg. Germination trial in WP 1 investigating the impact of extracts from an ice-encased green in two temperature regimes (day/night: 25/15 and 15/5 C) on germination of a range of golf green species. Photo: Anne Steensohn. species and F. rubra ssp. communtata that germinate in close proximity to P. annua seedlings run a high risk of being choked out. In order to reduce competition with P. annua, early sowing should be avoided. Early sowing and soil disturbance encourage establishment of P. annua. Covers should also be used to increase the germination temperature, especially when sowing F. rubra ssp. communtata and A. stolonifera. soil temperature must be favourable for good establishment, and covers can be used to speed up re-establishment. The experimental work was finished in Project work in 2017 included statistical analyses, publications in Nordic greenkeeper magazines and scientific publications. In Work package 2, trials were established on ice-damaged greens in Northern Sweden in spring 2015 and 2016, using four different sowing machines. The results showed that sowing techniques which bury the seed and create good seed-soil contact (slit and spike machines) result in more even and dense plant cover than seed drop methods. Moisture and

40 40 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS PRACTICAL RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF GOLF GREENS FOLLOWING WINTER DAMAGE - A FIELD STUDY PROJECT PERIOD: APRIL JULY 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Carl-Johan Lönnberg, Svenska Golfförbundet, Box 11016, SE Stockholm, Sweden carl-johan.lonnberg@golf.se CO-APPLICANTS Boel Sandström, Svenska Golfförbundet PROJECT OBJECTIVES To explore the differences between slit, spike and drop sowing technology and the impact on germination To compare two different grass species (rough meadow grass and creeping bentgrass) in terms of germination To examine use of wetting agents. Is there any difference in green sward establishment during spring for the two species? Will treatment with wetting agents give more moisture in the top of the green and better and smoother establishment? 30 Nov: Level II (VUB) golf course management training, Overwintering in Sweden. C-J Lönnberg, SGF, Jonkoping. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 The project is being carried out on naturally winter-damaged golf greens in central Sweden. In 2017, the research sites were Surahammars GC and Leksands GC. Four different golf greens were divided into two blocks, with rough meadow grass used in one block and creeping bentgrass in the other. Across the blocks, one half was treated with wetting agent (Primer Select, 20 L/ha) and the other half was left untreated. Each block was divided into four plots, with replicates: Control (no seed) Vertical cutting + drop sowing, Slit sowing Spike sowing. The results from the trial varied depending on weather and how the spring developed. A significant factor in 2017 was low ground temperature, which impeded establishment. The results showed that the seed must have good contact with soil for establishment to be successful. In 2017, the slit sowing method was clearly the best, compared with drop sowing, spike sowing and the control treatment. Rough meadow grass germinated faster and there was a large difference between the species. The wetting agent had no effect on germination. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN Sept.: Successful re-establishment of golf greens following winter damage - a field study. C-J Lönnberg, SGF, Elmia Park & Golf industry show, Jonkoping.

41 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 41 May 2nd, Surtahammars GK. May 23rd, Surahammars GK.

42 42 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS WINTER DAMAGE TO GOLF GREENS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES: SURVEY OF CAUSES AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES (PART II) PROJECT PERIOD: JANUARY JULY 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Turfgrass Research Group, Landvik, Reddalsveien 215, 4886 Grimstad. Phone: tatsiana.espevig@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group PROJECT OBJECTIVES To publish a final report from Survey 2015 about winter damage to Nordic golf courses To analyse the remaining 11 questions (of 24) on common practices for preparing golf greens in autumn, including autumn fertilisation practices, use of fungicides, mechanical treatments, common winter work on golf greens including winter covers, snow and ice removal To bring new information about the economic consequences of winter damage related to number of holes, grass species and geography. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN July: Winter damage on golf greens in the Nordic countries: Survey of causes and economic consequences. T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein, W.M. Marie Waalen, L. Bjørnstad and T.S. Aamlid, ITRC, New Brunswick, NJ. 09 Nov.: Winter s impact on Nordic golf courses. T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein, W.M. Waalen, L. Bjørnstad and T.S. Aamlid, Winter Stress Management International Turfgrass Seminar, Gardermoen PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 It has long been claimed that turfgrass winter damage is a significant economic burden for golf courses in the Nordic countries. To confirm this claim, in 2015 NIBIO and NGF, with the support of STERF, conducted an internet-based survey about winter damage in the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). More than 300 golf courses participated. These data gave solid information about the type and severity of winter damage on golf greens and factors affecting this (Kvalbein et al., 2016). The comprehensive survey also showed that the total costs of repair of winter-damaged greens and fairways, together with lost revenue from players in the Nordic countries, amount to at least 14 million. In a year with significant winter damage, the average cost to repair the turf was between 3000 and 12,000 on 88% of the courses. The revenue loss after a winter with considerable damage was less than 6000 on 50% of the courses, while 25% of the courses reported a loss pf between 6000 and 12,000. The causes of winter damage varied depending on geography. Biotic factors played a major role in southern Scandinavia, while ice and water damage were most devastating north of 60 N. The answers from the respondents were analysed in relation to dominant grass species.

43 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 43 As for autumn fertilisation practices, the Nordic survey 2015 showed that autumn N application is common practice on several golf courses in Scandinavia. In particular, in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland and Denmark, 54%, 52%, 30%, 17% and 11%, respectively, of golf courses are fertilised until frost comes. There are still 10 of 24 questions that have not been analysed. The remaining data deal with aspects such as fungicide use, winter covers, mechanical treatments, snow and ice removal, other winter management actions, and economic impacts of winter damage in relation to golf course size. Mapping winter problems and the factors affecting them in the Nordic countries will contribute to identification of areas for new research. Fairway on a Norwegian golf course after winter damage in June Photo: Tatsiana Espevig.

44 44 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS FROM DENSE SWARDS TO BIODIVERSE ROUGHS PROJECT PERIOD: JUNE DECEMBER 2020 FUNDING (ksek) TOTAL STERF Other sources TOTAL ) Reserved, but not granted PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Hans Martin Hanslin, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Dept. Urban Greening and Environmental Engineering, Særheim Research Centre, Postvn. 213, N-4353 Klepp St., Tel: , hans.martin.hanslin@nibio.no CO-APPLICANTS Trygve Aamlid, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group Johannes Kollmann, Technical University Munich Tommy Lennartsson, Swedish Biodiversity Centre, SLU Ellen Svalheim and Eveliina Kalloniemi, NIBIO Turfgrass Research Group PROJECT OBJECTIVES Main objective: To provide knowledge of management strategies to enhance diversity of flowering plants and pollinators in roughs to be used in further development of multifunctional golf courses. Specific objectives; To study specific effects of sward cutting frequency, biomass removal and soil carbon addition on rough productivity and establishment of sown target species To critically test the use of hemiparasitic Rhinanthus minor as a method to diversify roughs To assess whether cutting combined with temporal nitrogen immobilisation by incorporating carbon sources in soil improves establishment of seeded species relative to cutting only To quantify the effects of diversification measures on pollinator visiting rates and composition of the pollinator community, and relate these to provision of resources for pollinators To evaluate filtering effects of management treatments on sown species depending on their specific germination and establishment traits To explore the effect of management regimes on the playability of roughs TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN May: News story on NIBIO website Trendy og nyttig med blomstereng (Svalheim) Cited in around 40 newspaper/communication channels during summer Aug.: News story on NRK website «Vil redde den norske blomsterenga» (Aamlid, Svalheim). 21 Sept.: Field day, Royal Castle Park, Oslo (Aamlid, Svalheim, Hanslin). PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Golf courses have high potential to support biodiversity and ecological functions in the landscape while maintaining high-quality playing conditions. As many courses are located on fertile soils, management of soil fertility is the key to supporting more diverse vegetation and to providing resources for pollinators. This project is examining how to use cutting regimes, soil amendments, seed addition and hemiparasitic plants to reduce grass dominance and improve biodiversity on roughs. A field experiment will be conducted at Oslo GC and demonstrations at Sigtuna GC and Herning GC from 2017 to Local wild flower mixtures will be sown and the development of botanical composition and pollinators

45 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 45 Time spent searching for balls and playability of the different rough structures are tested. Photo: Trygve S. Aaamlid monitored. The knowledge generated will enable golf clubs to decide how to enhance biodiversity under their particular conditions. Results will be disseminated though field days, two popular articles and a fact sheet, an information video and a scientific paper. Locations were selected and experimental treatments started 2017 for all eight locations, including the two demonstration fields. Pollinators and vegetation were recorded according to plan and soil samples collected for chemical analyses. A test of the relationship between standing vegetation biomass and playability was run at Oslo GC. Raw material for a video was also recorded. This video will be edited early 2018 and made available at sterf.se. The information posters planned at participating golf clubs will be changed to outdoor information boards by the experimental plots. Herning GC already has one installed. The use of the hemiparasite Rhinanthus minor to suppress grass dominance is tested in the project. Photo: Trygve S. Aaamlid

46 46 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS GOLF CLUBS AS LANDSCAPE PLAYERS ESTABLISHMENT OF COLLABORATION NETWORKS IN THE LANDSCAPE FOR ENHANCED CONTRIBUTION TO THE 2030 AGENDA ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PERIOD: AUGUST JUNE 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Anders Esselin, Man & Nature AB, Borgmästarvägen 5, Sigtuna, Sweden. Phone: anders@mannature.se CO-APPLICANTS Malena Heinrup, Project manager, Man & Nature AB PROJECT OBJECTIVES To investigate how golf courses can contribute to enhanced multifunctionality on landscape level, thus advancing their contribution to the 2030 Agenda implementation process in the Nordic countries. Subgoals are: To identify existing or potential functions/values on golf courses, apart from golf playing, that could benefit from collaboration on landscape level. The values/functions should contribute to multifunctionality of the landscape and not only matter for the course and club members (e.g. outdoor recreation, cultural history, biodiversity, education) To determine the global goals to which the identified functions contribute To identify actors in the surrounding landscape that would benefit from collaborating with the golf club and other relevant actors when developing the identified values/ functions. The collaboration should also benefit the golf club in a win-win relationship To examine how long-term collaboration between golf clubs and actors in the surrounding landscape can be developed to advance the contribution to the 2030 Agenda implementation process and enhance multifunctional values in the landscape. TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN Oct.: Golf clubs as landscape players. Project presentation. M. Heinrup, Assarbo GC. 2 Nov.: Golf clubs as landscape players. Project presentation. M. Heinrup, Larvik GC. 13 Nov.: Golf clubs as landscape players. Project presentation. M. Heinrup, Linköpings GC. Nov.-Dec.: Presentation of the project orally and by mail to all landscape actors interviewed (37 so far). These landscape actors represent different organisations (departments at the municipality, sports clubs, local associations) working closely with the project golf clubs and many have spread information about the project within their respective organisations. Ongoing: Information about the project in the Facebook group Turfgrass, which has 595 members (Dec 2017) and is directed at greenkeepers, and pictures from our visit at Asserbo GC. Torben Kastrup Petersen (DGU). PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 Multifunctional golf facilities can contribute a multitude of societal benefits, such as biodiversity and outdoor recreation. Today, the work to implement the UN s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 global goals are gaining attention world-wide. The cross-sectoral and cross-scale nature of the goals, spanning issues such as health, food

47 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 47 production and climate change, stresses the relevance and importance of viewing the landscape through a multifunctional lens. This project is investigating how golf clubs can contribute to enhanced multifunctionality on landscape level by collaborating with other actors, thereby advancing their contribution to the 2030 Agenda implementation process in the Nordic countries. At three sites, we will carry out social-ecological inventories to identify key collaboration partners in the landscape. A workbook will be produced to inspire collaborative processes between golf clubs and other actors in the landscape. During 2017, we recruited three courses to participate in the project: Asserbo GC (Denmark), Larviks GC (Norway) and Linköpings GC (Sweden). We made our first visits to the clubs (second visit will be for the workshops in spring 2018), met club representatives and interviewed them about existing/potential values and previous/ongoing/potential collaborations. Identification of landscape actors is finished in Sweden and Norway. So far, we have interviewed 16 landscape actors in Norway (we will add a couple more in January) and 21 in Sweden. These landscape actors, representing different perspectives on and knowledge about the development of the landscape, will meet at workshops in They can assist in, and benefit from, development of one or more of the values to be discussed at the workshop. Examples of landscape actors included in the study are: municipal departments (sports & recreation, nature, culture, health etc.), local business associations, local branches of national associations working with e.g. trekking and tourism, outdoor recreation, art and nature conservation; schools, museums, and organisations for people with disabilities. Visit at Linköpings GC. Photo: Anders Esselin

48 48 STERF ONGOING PROJECTS GO OUTDOORS AND USE THE GOLF COURSE IN AN EDUCATIONAL WAY CREATIVITY, LEARNING AND HEALTH IN THE UNLIMITED CLASSROOM PROJECT PERIOD: MAY DECEMBER 2018 FUNDING (ksek) Total STERF Other sources TOTAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR / CONTACT PERSON Anders Szczepanski, Spetsa AB (Linköping University Holding AB, Linköping University) Teknikringen 10, Linköping, Sweden, anders.szczepanski@liu.se CO-APPLICANTS Helene Nord, Spetsa AB, Linköping University PROJECT OBJECTIVES Investigate the most suitable methods for outdoor learning on golf courses during all four seasons Identify themes and subjects based on the curriculum for primary schools (LGR 11) that are suitable for outdoor learning on golf courses Develop a pilot model and practical guidelines for outdoor teaching on golf courses in compulsory school years 1-6 Connect the outdoor learning activities to the norms and value in the Swedish (LGR 11) guidelines and curriculum and to the Swedish right and public access to nature Evaluate the ways of learning and experiences by teachers and pupils through interviews and open questions in a phenomenographical study over time TALKS AT CONFERENCES, SEMINARS, MEETINGS ETC. IN 2017 Ongoing: Articles in local newspapers, website and local TV Sept. National conference Outdoor is Indoor, Nynäshamn. Project presentation by A. Szczepanski 06 Oct.: Learning Landscape Symposium, Ireland/Waterville, Iveragh, Learning and Teaching in the context of landscapes. Project presentation by A. Szczepanski. PROJECT SUMMARY AND STATUS AS OF 1 JANUARY 2018 This project is part of STERF s programme Multifunctional use of golf facilities and ecosystem services focusing on the golf course as a teaching facility/outdoor classroom. Golf courses could contribute to improved teaching by offering a variety of green areas for outdoor teaching. Using golf course land as outdoor classrooms could become particularly important since the majority of the world s population now live in urban landscapes and local areas suitable for outdoor activities are getting scarce. In this proof-of-concept study, one pilot school, Smedsbyskolan, with 15 teachers has been part of an outdoor education intervention and training at Motala golf club. In close collaboration with teachers and golf course staff, we have investigated the most suitable methods for outdoor teaching on golf courses and the most suitable areas of the golf

49 ONGOING PROJECTS STERF 49 course to be used as an outdoor classroom. A training course for participating teachers was carried out in autumn We have developed learning tools and implemented knowledge and skills connected to the Swedish curriculum and subjects like geography, languages, mathematics, technology, ecology and biology. The activity and reflection have been documented by the teachers in a school blog. There are also documents at the primary school in Motala from the outdoor course that we initiated and which was implemented by the teachers in their classes. In the coming spring, the children will visit their new classroom at the golf course. The first survey with open questions about the teachers experience in the area of outdoor education has been carried out. Preliminary results from the study show that teachers can see the advantage of the outdoor learning situation to support the indoor learning in the classroom. However, it takes time for some teachers and also for pupils to understand that the outdoor environment is their new classroom. This phenomenographical study will be conducted with interviews and research questions after we have finished the training in June Outdoor teaching at Motala GC. Photo: Britta Brügge

50 50 STERF COMPLETED PROJECTS COMPLETED PROJECTS The projects listed below were funded by STERF during the period More information about the projects can be found on the STERF website 1. The effects of soil organic matter, content, and quality on soil biological activity and turfgrass root development in sand dominated golf greens. Karin Blombäck, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( ) 2. Nitrogen utilisation efficiency in different golf green constructions of Creeping Bentgrass golf greens. Karin Blombäck, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( ). 3. Effects of demand-driven fertilisation on growth, appearance and nitrogen use efficiency of turfgrass. Tom Ericsson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( ). 4. Leaching of fungicides from golf greens: Quantification and risk assessment. Nicholas Jarvis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( ). 5. Benefits and environmental risks of fungicide use on Scandinavian golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ). 6. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ). 7. Environmental management programmes for golf facilities - a case study in the Stockholm golf district. Mårten Wallberg, Swedish Society of Nature Conservation, Stockholm ( ) 8. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties (Nordisk sortguide).trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (2007). 9. Evaluation of biodiversity and nature conservation on golf courses in Scandinavia. Bente Mortensen, GreenProject ( ). 10. Effects of organic amendments and surfactants on hydro-phobicity and fungicide leaching from ageing golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ). 11. The role of golf course management in the support of wetland-associated organisms in greater metropolitan Stockholm. Johan Colding, Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science ( ). 12. Ageing of a sand-based rootzone. Karin Blombäck, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( ). 13. Turfgrass demonstration trials in Dalarna. Erik Svärd, Swedish Golf Federation ( ). 14. Improved strategy for control of Microdochium nivale on golf courses. Anne Marte Tronsmo, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( ). 15. The influence of golf on nature and environment analyses and evaluation of the environmental performance in Scandinavia. Bente Mortensen, GreenProject ( ). 16. Evaluation of the plant growth regulator trinexapacethyl (Primo MAXX ) on Nordic golf courses. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ). 17. Development, evaluation and implementation of playing quality parameters in a continuous golf course evaluation concept user survey. Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen ( ). 18. Prediction of turf growth as a function of light and temperature under Nordic conditions. Karin Blombäck, Swedish University of Agricultural Science ( ) 19. Re-establishment of green turfgrass after winter damage, spring Agnar Kvalbein, Norwegian Greenkeepers Association ( ). 20. Impact of mowing height and late autumn fertilisation on winter survival of golf greens in the Nordic countries. Agnar Kvalbein, Norwegian Greenkeepers Association ( ) 21. Multifunctional golf course with unique natural and cultural values. Carina Wettemark, Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve, Kristianstads kommun ( ) 22. Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens, Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 23. Demonstration trials with winter cover protection. Boel Sandström, Swedish Golf Federation ( ) 24. Breeding of winterhardy turgrass varieties for central and northern Scandinavia. Petter Marum, Graminor AS, Bjørke Research Station ( ) 25. VELVET GREEN: Winter hardiness and management of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina) on putting greens in northern environments. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( )

51 COMPLETED PROJECTS STERF Fertiliser strategies for golf turf: Implications for physiology-driven fertilization. Tom Ericsson, Department of Urban and Rural Development. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. ( ) 27. Nordic cooperation between authorities and nongovernmental organisations for creating multifunctional golf courses and healthy ecosystems. Maria Strandberg, Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research FoundationJanuary ( ) 28. The Nordic Turfgrass Guide 2012 and Variety Lists. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 29. Optimal maintenance for hardening and early spring growth of green turfgrass. Karin Blombäck, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( ) 30. Development of methods for non-pesticide weed control on golf fairways. Anne Mette Dahl Jensen, Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen-LIFE ( ) 31. Preservation of cultural landscapes and cultural heritage elements on golf courses. Ole R. Sandberg, Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning, Norwegian University of Life Sciences ( ) 32. Interactive map with navigation to learn and understand environmental work and impacts at a golf course. Magnus Enell, Enell Sustainable Business AB ( ) 33. Integrated pest management - communication project within the park and golf sector. Maria Strandberg, Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation ( )

52 52 STERF COMPLETED PROJECTS 34. Evaporative demands and deficit irrigation on sandbased golf greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 35. Large-scale demonstration trials: Silvery thread moss on greens. Mikael Frisk, Swedish Golf Federation ( ) 36. SCANGREEN: Turfgrass species and varieties for integrated pest management of Scandinavian putting greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 37. Increasing rates of the current and a new formulation of Primo MAXX for plant growth regulation on greens and fairways. Ingunn M. Vågen, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 38. Effects of mowing height, N-rate and P-rate/ mycorrhiza on quality and competition against annual meadowgrass on putting greens with red fescue as predominant species. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agriculture and Environmental Research ( ) 39. Validation of the GreenCast prediction model for microdochium patch on golf greens in the Nordic region. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 40. Testing of alternative plant production products for the control of Microdochium nivale and other diseases on golf greens.trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 41. Better turfgrass survival in a changing winter climate Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agriculture and Environmental Research ( ) 42. A comparison of the soil surfactant Qualibra and Revolution on creeping bentgrass greens varying in water availability. Trygve S. Aamlid, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 43. GreenCast validation of anthracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola) on golf greens in the Nordic region. Tatsiana Espevig, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research ( ) 44. FESCUE-GREEN: Best management of red fescue (Festuca rubra) golf greens for high sustainability and playability. Trygve Aamlid, NIBIO ( ) 45. Overseeding of Fairways - A strategy for finer turf with less broad-leaved weeds and Poa annua. Anne-Mette Dahl Jensen, University of Copenhagen ( ) 46. Identification and risk assessment for dollar spot on Scandinavian golf courses.tanja Espevig, NIBIO ( ) 47. Experience mapping and multifunctional golf course development - enhanced possibilities of increased and more varied use of golf courses. Ole Hjorth Caspersen, University of Copenhagen ( ) 48. Multifunctionality in golf courses effects of different management practices on the ecosystem services carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Thomas Kätterer and Jörgen Wissman, SLU ( ) 49. Optimal application of nitrogen and sulfur in autumn for better winter survival. Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO ( ) 50. Successful reestablishment of golf greens following winter damages. Wendy Waalen, NIBIO ( ) 51. Fairy rings and thatch collapse, Tatsiana Espevig, NIBIO ( ) w 52. Evaluation of the soil surfactant Qualibra on sandbased putting greens. Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO ( ) 53. Evaluation of Aquatrols experimental biostimulant formulations on fine turfgrass subjected to wear, drought (nutrient) and winter stress. Agnar Kvalbein, NIBIO ( ) 54. Sustainable fairway management. Trygve S. Aamlid, NIBIO ( ) 55. Evaluation of fungicides for Nordic golf courses. Trygve S. Aamlid ( ) 56. Evaluation of a phosphite pigment, alone and in combination with fungicides, for control of turfgrass winter diseases on green and fairway. Trygve S. Aamlid, ( )

53 COMPLETED PROJECTS STERF 53

54 54 STERF KEY INDICATORS STERF KEY INDICATORS Year Funding Applications Ongoing projects Scientific publications Popular publications Presentations at seminars, conferences etc. Received Approved for funding SEK Handbooks, Fact sheets, Programmes Subscribers to STERF newsletters SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK Peer-reviewed papers Publications and reports SEK SEK SEK 19* 8** SEK SEK 15*** English Swedish SEK 7**** * Project proposals received by 1 December 2013 ** New projects approved for funding in February Funding of new projects started in *** Project proposals received by 9 December **** New projects for which funding was agreed in March Funding of new projects started The key indicators are based on information in project annual reports. STERF issues an open call for proposals approximately every two years. In exceptional circumstances, a project application may be approved for funding by the STERF board in between the open call for proposals.

55 FINANCIAL SUMMARY STERF 55 FINANCIAL SUMMARY INCOME STATEMENT 01/01/ /01/ /31/ /31/2017 Revenue Net revenue Expenses Other external expenses Income from financial items Interest 0 0 Surplus BALANCE SHEET Other receivable 0 0 Cash and bank balances Total assets Liabilities and equity Equity Restricted reserves Non restricted reserves Total equity Current liabilities Other current liabilities Total current liabilities Total liabilities and equity

56 56 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FULL PAPERS IN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, F. Enger, Å. Susort, Å. & A.A. Steensohn 2005a. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 10: Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis Effects of a surfactant on turfgrass quality, hydrophobicity and fungicide leaching from a USGA green established with and without organic matter to the sand-based rootzone. In: Adjuvants on our World. Eighth International Symposium on Adjuvants for Agrochemicals. Abstracts. p. 24. Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis Effects of wetting agent on turfgrass quality, hydrophobicity, and fungicide leaching from a USGA green with and without organic amendment to the sand-based root zone. In: S. Magni (ed.): Proceedings, 1st European Turfgrass Society Conference, 19th-20th May 2008, Pisa, Italy. pp Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Kvalbein The potential of a surfactant to restore turfgrass quality on a severely waterrepellent golf green. Biologia 64: Aamlid, T.S, T. Espevig, B. Molteberg, A. Tronsmo, O.M. Eklo, I.S. Hofgaard, G.H. Ludvigsen & M. Almvik Disease control and leaching potential of fungicides on golf greens with and without organic amendment to the sand-based root zone. International Turfgrass Research Journal 11: Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, T.O. Pettersen, S.L.G. Skaar & A. Kvalbein Evaluation of the surfactant Aqueduct for recovery of turfgrass quality on a severely water repellent golf green. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11: (Annex). Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis Effects of surfactant use and peat amendment on leaching of fungicides and nitrate from golf greens. Biologia 64: Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis Effects of the nonionic surfactant Revolution and peat amendment on leaching of fungicides and nitrate from golf greens. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11: (Annex) Aamlid, T.S. & O. Niemalainen Evaluation of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX ) on Nordic golf course greens and fairways. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 11: 70. (Annex) Aamlid, T.S. & O. Niemelainen Evaluation of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX ) for use on Scandinavian golf courses. In: Proceedings 2nd European Turfgrass Conference, Angers, France April 2010 pp Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg Turfgrass species and varieties for Scandinavian golf greens. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science 61 (2): Aamlid, T.S., G. Thorvaldsson, F. Enger & T. Pettersen Turfgrass species and varieties for Integrated Pest Management of Scandinavian putting greens. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B Soil & Plant Science 62 (Supplement 1): Aamlid, T.S. et al Turfgrass water consumption on green and fairway as a function of turfgrass species and day number after irrigation to field capacity. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): Aamlid, T.S. et al Irrigation strategies and soil surfac tant on golf course fairways. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8); Aamlid, T.S. & T. Pettersen Effect of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on turf quality, concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates, and infection of Microdochium nivale in greens-type Poa annua in Scandinavia. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, Volume 12, pp Aamlid, T.S. & V. Gensollen Recent achievements in breeding for turf quality under biotic and abiotic stress. In: Sokolovic, D., C. Huyghe & J. Radovic (eds.). Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and turf. Springer Science and Business Media, Dordrecht. pp Aamlid, T.S., T.E. Andersen, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & A.M.D. Jensen Composted garden waste as organic amendment to the USGA-green rootzone and topdressing sand on red fescue (Festuca rubra) greens. European Journal of Horticultural Science 79(3): Aamlid, T.S. & G. van Leeuwen Optimal application intervals for the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (Primo MAXX ) at northern latitudes. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, W.M. Waalen & T. Pettersen Fungicide for control of Microdochium nivale and Typhula incarnata. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): Aamlid, T.S., W.M. Waalen & T. Espevig 2014, Fungicide strategies for the control of turfgrass winter diseases. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science, DOI: / Aamlid, T.S Testing of turfgrass varieties for northern environments: The SCANTURF and SCANGREEN evaluation programs. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 8: Aamlid, T.S., J. Knox, H. Riley, A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Crop coefficients, growth rates and quality of coolseason turfgrasses. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 202: Aamlid, T.S The plant growth regulator Primo Maxx (trinexapac-ethyl) on golf courses: The Nordic experience. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 8: Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Tronsmo Microbiological products for control of Microdochium nivale on golf greens. Crop Science doi: /cropsci Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Tronsmo Microbial pro ducts for control of Microdochium nivale on golf greens. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/08/5etsc_6tpests_a37_poster_trygve- Aamlid.pdf Aamlid, T.S., H. Riley, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & J.W. Knox Irrigation strategies on sand-based, creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) putting greens. In:

57 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 57 Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/08/5etsc_4wm_a36_oral_trygve-aamlid. pdf Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & A. Tronsmo Microbiological products for control of Microdochium nivale on golf greens. Crop Science 57: Blombäck, K., A. Hedlund & M. Strandberg Changes over a six-year period in soil biological and physical parameters in golf green rootzones with different organic matter content and quality. Technical paper. Appendix. International Turfgrass Research Conference, Santiago, Chile, July Blombäck, K. et al Influence of fertilization regime on carbohydrate content of turf grass. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): Blombäck, K., H. Eckersten, & E. Sindhøj Growth of golf turf as a function of light and temperature under Swedish conditions a simulation study. Technical paper. Appendix. International Turfgrass Research Conference, Santiago, Chile, July 2009 Calvache, S., T. Espevig, T.E. Andersen, E. Joner, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Nitrogen, phosphorus, mowing height, and arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on red fescue and mixed fescue bentgrass putting greens. Crop Science doi: /cropsci Calvache, S., T. Espevig, E. Joner, T.E. Andersen, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, mowing height and mycorrhiza inoculation on turf quality and competition against annual bluegrass on pure red fescue and mixed fescue/bentgrass golf greens. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/08/5etsc_5tatm_a47_oral_sara- Calvache.pdf Calvache, S., A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid Growing substrates, fertilization, and irrigation for creeping bentgrass establishment on sand-based putting greens. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: Calvache, S., T. Espevig, T.E. Andersen, E. Joner, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Nitrogen, phosphorus, mowing height, and arbuscular mycorrhiza effects on red fescue and mixed fescue bentgrass putting greens. Crop Science 57: Caspersen, O.H., A.M.D. Jensen & F.S. Jensen Mapping golf courses for multifunctional use other than golf. European Journal of Turfgrass Sciences 2(14): Chen, Y., A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Effects of seasonal fertilizer distribution on the competition from annual bluegrass on red fescue putting greens. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: Chen, Y., T. Pettersen, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid Playing quality, growth rate, thatch accumulation and tolerance to moss and annual bluegrass invasion as influenced by irrigation strategies on red fescue putting greens. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. DOI: /jac Colding J., J. Lundberg & S. Lundberg Urban golf courses can sustain wetland biodiversity. Paper IV. Rethinking urban nature: Maintaining capacity for ecosystem service generation in a human-dominated world. Doctoral thesis by Jakob Lundberg. Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden. ISBN: Colding, J. & C. Folke The role of golf courses in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Ecosystems 12: Colding, J., J. Lundberg, S. Lundberg & E. Andersson Golf courses and wetland fauna. Ecological Applications 19(6): Dahl Jensen, A.M & F.S. Jensen Nordic golf players perception of quality. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): Ericsson, T., K. Blombäck & A. Neumann 2012a. Demanddriven fertilization. Part I: Nitrogen productivity in four high-maintenance turf grass species. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 62 (Supplement 1): Ericsson, T., K. Blombäck, A. Kvalbein & A. Neumann 2012b. Demand-driven fertilization. Part II: Influence of demand-driven fertilization on shoot nitrogen concentration, growth rate, fructan storage and playing quality of golf turf. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 62 ( Supplement 1): Eriksson, F., T. Eriksson & M. Ignatieva 2015, Golf courses as part of urban green infrastructure: Social aspects of golf courses and extensively managed turfgrass areas from a Nordic perspective, Proceedings from 52nd IFLA Congress, June , St. Petersburg Russia: Eriksson, F. & T. Eriksson Golf courses as a part of urban turfgrass phenomenon: Results from a Swedish interdisciplinary research. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. Espevig T., M. Dacosta, T.S. Aamlid, A.M. Tronsmo, B.B. Clarke & B. Huang Effects of cold acclimation on freezing tolerance and carbohydrate changes in Agrostis spp. p In: M. Volterrani (ed.) Proc. Eur. Turfgrass Soc. Conf., 2nd, Angers, France April Angers. Espevig, T., B. Molteberg, A.M. Tronsmo, A. Tronsmo & T.S. Aamlid Thatch control in newly established velvet bent grass putting greens in Scandinavia. Crop Science 52: Espevig, T., C. Xu, T.S. Aamlid, M. DaCosta & B. Huang Proteomic responses during cold acclimation in association with freezing tolerance of velvet bentgrass. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 137: Espevig, T. & T.S. Aamlid Effects of rootzone composition and irrigation regime on performance of velvet bentgrass putting greens. I. Turf quality, soil water repellency and nutrient leaching. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science 62 (Supplement 1): Espevig, T. & T.S. Aamlid Effects of rootzone composition and irrigation regime on performance of velvet bentgrass putting greens. II. Thatch, root development and playability. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science 62 (Supplement 1):

58 58 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Espevig, T., T.E. Andersen, A. Kvalbein, E. Joner & T.S. Aamlid Mycorrhizal colonization and competition against annual bluegrass on golf greens with red fescue as the predominant species. In: Zuin, A. and K. Mueller-Beck. (eds.) European Journal of Turfgrass Science (Special Edition) pp (ISSN ). Espevig, T., M. Höglind & T.S. Aamlid Dehardening resistance of six turfgrasses used on golf greens. Environmental and Experimental Botany 106: Espevig, T., A. Tronsmo & T.S. Aamlid Evaluation of microbial agents for control of Microdochium nivale in vitro. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): Espevig, T., M.B. Brurberg, M. Usoltseva, Å. Dahl, A. Kvalbein, K. Normann & J.A. Crouch First report of dollarspot disease, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, in Agrostis stolonifera in Sweden. Crop Science 57: Gómez-Armayones, C., A. Kvalbein, T.S. Aamlid & J.W. Knox Assessing evidence on the agronomic and environmental impacts of turfgrass irrigation management. Book of Abstracts of the 5th ETS Conference. Albufeira, Portugal. Hanslin, H.M., J. Wissman, T.S. Aamlid & P.E. Aspholm The potential to increase delivery of multiple ecosystem services of urban grasslands. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/08/5etsc_2tl_a63_oral_hans-martin- Hanslin.pdf Hedlund, A., K. Blombäck & M. Strandberg Nitrogen use in a golf green during one season in the Mälar region in Sweden. 1st International Conference. Turfgrass Management & Science for Sport Fields. Athens, Greece, 2-7 June Hedlund, A., K. Blombäck & M. Strandberg Nitrogen flows and use efficiency in a golf green during three seasons in central Sweden. International Turfgrass Society Annexe - Technical Papers 10: Hsiang, T., P.H. Goodwin & W. Gao Variation in responsiveness of Agrostis cultivars to defence activators. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): Ignatieva, M., K. Ahrné, J. Wissman, T. Eriksson, P. Tidåker, M. Hedblom, T. Kätterer, H. Marstorp, P. Berg, T. Ericsson & J. Bengtsson, 2015, Lawn as a cultural and ecological phenomenon: A conceptual framework for transdiscipilinary research. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14: Ignatieva, M., F. Eriksson, T. Eriksson, P. Berg, & M. Hedblom The lawn as a social and cultural phenomenon in Sweden. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 21 (2017): Jensen, A.M.D., K.N. Petersen & T. Aamlid Pesticidefree management of weeds on golf courses: Current situation and future challenges. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2/14): Jensen, A.M.D., O. Bühler, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid Overseeding of fairways. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/08/5etsc_6tpests_a71_oral_anne-mette- Dahl-Jensen.pdf Jensen, A.M.D., O. Bühler, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid Evaluation of the occurrence of turfgrasses and weeds after repeated overseeding on fairways. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen, F. Søndergaard Jensen & M. Strandberg Multifunctional golf facilities as a resource of important ecosystem services in a changing urban environment: Nordic case studies. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Impact of mowing height and late autumn fertilization on the winter survival and spring performance of golf greens in the Nordic countries. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 62 (Supplement 1): Kvalbein, A., A. Tronsmo, A.M.D. Jensen, K.J. Hesselsøe, T.S. Aamlid & M. Strandberg A Nordic model for implementing integrated pest management (IPM) collaboration between authorities and the turfgrass industry. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/08/5etsc_6tpests_a27_oral_agnar- Kvalbein.pdf Kvalbein, A., W.M. Marie Waalen, L. Bjørnstad, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig Winter injuries on golf greens in the Nordic countries: Survey of causes and economic consequences. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: doi: /itsrj Larsbo, M., T.S. Aamlid, L. Persson, & N. Jarvis Fungicide leaching from golf greens: Effects of root zone composition and surfactant use. Journal of Environmental Quality 37: Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, F. Enger, A.A. Steensohn, & Å. Susort Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. In: S. Magni (ed.): Proceedings, 1st European Turfgrass Society Conference, 19th-20th May 2008, Pisa, Italy. pp Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid Scandinavian turfgrass variety testing for lawns, sports turf, and fairways In: Proceedings 2nd European Turfgrass Conference, Angers, France April 2010, pp Sandberg, O.R., H. Nordh & M.S. Tveit Perceived acces sibility on golf courses Perspectives from the golf federation. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 15: Strandberg, M., T. Aamlid, D. Moore, C.J. Ritsema & J. Knox WATEURF Water And Turf Efficiency and Use Reduction for the Future - An international initiative on sustainable use of water in turfgrass management. In M. Volterrani (ed.) Proc. Eur. Turfgrass Soc. Conf., 2nd, Angers, France April Angers. Strandberg, M., K. Blombäck, A.M. Dahl Jensen & J. Knox Priorities for sustainable turfgrass management: a research and industry perspective. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B - Soil and Plant Science, 62 (Supplement 1): 3-9. Strandberg, M. & K. Schmidt Nordic cooperation to create multifunctional golf courses and healthy ecosystems. Bioforsk Fokus 7 (2): Strandberg M. & K. Schmidt Nordic cooperation to create multifunctional golf courses and healthy ecosystems. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): Strandberg. M., K. Blombäck, A M. Dahl Jensen and J.W.

59 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 59 Knox The future of turfgrass management challenges and opportunities in Europe. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, Volume 12, pp: Strandberg, M., K. Schmidt, O. Skarin & L-G. Bråvander Multifunctional golf facilities as a driving force in implementing the European Landscape Convention: A case study in Sweden. European Journal of Turfgrass Science (Special Edition). European Turfgrass Society Conference, 4th, Osnabruck, Germany. 6-9 July 2014 pp (ISSN ). Strandberg, M., S. Borgström & E. Andersson Multifunctionality on urban golf courses a case study in the Stockholm area. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp Strömqvist, J. & N.J. Jarvis Sorption, degradation and leaching of the fungicide Iprodione in a golf green under Scandinavian conditions: Measurements, modelling and risk assessment. Pest Management Science 61: Tidåker, P., I. Wesström & T. Kätterer Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from turf management of two Swedish golf courses. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 21 (2017): Tronsmo A., T. Espevig., K.G Jensen, L. Hjeljord & T.S. Aamlid Potential for Agrostis canina on Scandinavian Putting Greens as tested under controlled conditions. p In: Simone Magni (ed.) Proc. 1st, Eur. Turfgrass Soc. Conf., Pisa, Italy May Stamperia Editoriale Pisana. Waalen, W.M., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid The effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on the winter survival of six turgrasses on putting greens. European Journal of Turfgrass Science 45(2): Waalen, W.M., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid The effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on the winter survival of six turfgrasses on putting greens. In: Book of Abstracts of the 5th European Turfgrass Society Conference. June 5-8th, Salgados, Albufeira, Portugal. pp uploads/2016/09/5etsc_7tnphi_a30_oral_wendy- Waalen-et-al.pdf Waalen, W.M., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid The effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on the winter survival of six turfgrass species/subspecies on newly established putting greens. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal 13: OTHER PUBLICATIONS IN ENGLISH Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, M.E. Engelsjord & K.O. Larsen Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Results from the sowing year Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass Research Foundation. 19 pp. Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2004a. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Results from the sowing year 2003 and first green year Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. Sterf.golf.se 24 pp. Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, A.A. Steensohn, Å. Susort & F. Enger 2005b. Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Results from the sowing year 2003 and the first two green years 2004 and Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. Sterf.golf.se 21 pp. Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg, F. Enger, A.A. Steensohn & Å. Susort Evaluation of Agrostis and Festuca varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens. Bioforsk Report 1 (189). 32 pp. Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, M. Rannikko, T. Haugen, S. Junnila, T. Espevig & Å. Susort Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX (trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses. Bioforsk Report 3(1): Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, M. Rannikko, O. Noteng, M. Waldner, T. Haugen, S. Junnila, T. Pettersen & T. Espevig Evaluation of the plant growth regulator Primo MAXX (trinexapac-ethyl) on Nordic golf courses. Results from the second evaluation year 2008 and recommendations. Bioforsk Report 4(4): Aamlid, T.S Best management practises for velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L) on golf course putting greens. Report from an international seminar held in Finland June 2010 International Turfgrass Newletter, October 2010, pp Aamlid, T.S., F. Enger, G. Thorvaldsson, J. Tangsveen, T. Pettersen & A.A. Steensohn Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens, Final results from the four-year testing period. Bioforsk Report 6 (1): 49 pp. Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, M. Barth, T. Pettersen, P. Persson & S. Junnial Impact of Primo MAXX and fungicides on turfgrass quality and winter survival on Nordic golf greens, July 2010 June Bioforsk Rapport 6(70): Aamlid, T.S., T. Pettersen, M. Niskanen & L. Wiik Impact of Primo MAXX and fungicides on turfgrass winter survival on Nordic golf courses. Results from the second experimental year, July 2011-May Bioforsk Fokus 7(77): Aamlid, T.S., T.E. Andersen, A. Kvalbein, T. Pettersen, A.M.D. Jensen & P. Rasmussen Use of compost in the root zone or in the topdressing sand on red fescue green. Results from the period August November Bioforsk Rapport 8(168): Aamlid, T.S., T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein Water use of various turfgrass species on greens and fairways. Greenmaster (Canada) 48(4): Aamlid, T., T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein Water use of various turfgrass species on greens and fairways. 7pp. Aamlid, T., T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein Deficit irrigation on creeping bentgrass greens. 7 pp. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & T. Pettersen A first evaluation of the GREENCAST prediction model for timing of fungicide applications on Scandinavian golf courses. Bioforsk Report 8(94): Aamlid, T.S., M. Niskanen, D. Wikmark, M. Ljungman, W. Waalen, T. Pettersen & J. Tangsveen Fungicides for Nordic golf courses: Registration and R&D trials Bioforsk Report 8(95): 1-45.

60 60 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Aamlid, T.S., K. Paaske, L. Wiik, T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo, T. Pettersen, A.M. Dahl Jensen & P.G. Andersson Testing of alternative plant protection products for the control of Microdochium nivale and other diseases on golf greens. Results from the experimental period 1 October March Bioforsk Report 8(54): Aamlid, T.S Scandinavian testing of turfgrass spe cies and varieties for winter hardiness. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.): Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar November Bioforsk Fokus 9 (8): Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman Growth regulation with Primo MAXX on Nordic golf courses. STERF Handbook pp. (Swedish and Norwegian versons also available Aamlid, T.S., O. Niemelainen, D. Widmark, M. Ljungman, W. Waalen, T. Pettersen & J. Tangsveen Evaluation of fungicides for control of turfgrass winter diseases, Bioforsk Report 9 (112): (Confidential report to Syngenta). Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo, K. Paaske, L. Wiik, T. Pettersen, A.A. Steesnsohn, O. Hetland, A.M.D. Jensen & P.G. Andersson Testing of alternative plant protection products for the control of Microdochium nivale and other diseases on golf greens. Final report from a threeyear project, Oct Sept Bioforsk Report 9 (115): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo & T. Pettersen Controlling winter-active fungi on golf greens: Can microbiological products or alginates replace chemical fungicides? Aamlid, T.S Fungicide leaching from golf greens. A synopsis of Scandinavian studies. STERF Article pp. Aamlid, T News from the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation STERF s R&D programme on Integrated Pest Management. The Newsletter of the International Turfgrass Society September turfsociety.com/newsletters/ itsnd.pdf : 5-8. Aamlid, T.S International Seminar at Gjøvik, Norway, Nov. 2014: Turfgrass winter survival. In: Walker, N.R. (ed.) International Turfgrass - The Newsletter of the International Turfgrass Society, September 2014 Edition. p Aamlid, T.S., W. Waalen, G. Thorvaldsson, A.M.D. Jensen, T. Esepvig, T. Pettersen, J. Tangsveen, A. A. Steensohn, P. Sørensen & B. Hannesson SCANGREEN : Turfgrass species and varieties for Integrated Pest Management of Scandinavian putting greens. Bioforsk Report 10(65): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, T. Hsiang, A. Bertrand, K. Paaske, D. Widmark, A.A. Steensohn, T. Pettersen, P. Sørensen, K. Normann, M. Ljungman, B. Sandström & H. Norén Evaluation of the mineral oil product CIVITAS ONE for induction of turfgrass resistance to Microdochium nivale on golf greens. Progress report, December NIBIO Report 1 (27): Aamlid, T.S. O. Niemeläinen, W. Waalen, T. Pettersen, P. Ruuttunen, A. Kedonperä & J. Tangsveen Evaluation of the phosphite pigment A14658D, alone and in combination with fungicides, for control of turfgrass winter diseases, NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive 2015/ pp. Aamlid, T.S.,T. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein Evaluation of the soil surfactant Qualibra on a sand-based putting green NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive 16/ Aamlid, T.S., A.M.D. Jensen, A. Kvalbein & P. Rasmussen FESCUE-GREEN: Best management of red fescue (Festuca rubra) golf greens for high sustainability and playability. Final Scientific Report NIBIO Report 2(128): Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kallioniemi, B. Sandell, T.H. Jepsen, T. Lennartsson, J. Wissmann & J. Kollmann From dense swards to biodiverse roughs. Andersen, T.E Effects of root zone composition and nitrogen and phosphorus rates on mycorrhizal colonization in different turfgrass species on sand-based golf greens in Scandinavia. Master of Science Thesis. Norwegian University of Life Sciences.107 pp. Blombäck, K. 2008: First year report: Fertilizer strategies for golf turf: Implications for physiology-driven fertilization, Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation Blombäck, K., M. Riddle, A. Neumann, T. Ericsson, A. Tronsmo, M. Linde & R. McGlynn Optimal maintenance for hardening and early spring growth of turfgrass for putting greens. STERF Final report. 74 pp. Calvache Gil, S., O. Niemeläinen, D. Widmark, W. Waalen, T. Pettersen, P. Ruuttunen, J. Tangsveen, M. Ljungman & T.S. Aamlid Evaluation of fungicides and the phosphite pigment A14658D for control of turfgrass winter diseases on golf courses, NIBIO Confidential Report 1(7): Caspersen, O.H. et al Multifunctional Golf Courses. IGN Rapport, December 2014, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg. 180 p. ku.dk DaCosta, M., L. Hoffmann, X. Guan & S. Ebdon Physiology of cold acclimation and deacclimation in coolseason turfgrasses. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):8. Dahl Jensen, A.M Playing Quality on Golf Courses. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation.18 pp. Ericsson, E., K. Blombäck & A. Kvalbein Precision fertilisation from theory to practice. Handbook. 19 pp. Espevig, T., T.S. Aamlid, A. Tronsmo, K.G. Jensen, B. Molteberg, L. Hjeljord, A.M. Tronsmo, Å. Susort & F. Enger Winter hardiness and management of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina) on putting greens on northern environments. Bioforsk Rapport 3 (30): 33 pp. Espevig, T., T.S. Aamlid, A. Tronsmo, B. Molteberg, L. Hjeljord, A.M. Tronsmo, T. Pettersen & F. Enger Winter hardiness and management of velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina) on putting greens on northern environments. Report from the second experimental year Bioforsk Rapport 4 (100): 54 pp. Espevig T., T.O. Pettersen, T.S. Aamlid, A. Tronsmo & A.M. Tronsmo Effect of acclimation conditions on freezing survival of Agrostis spp. p. 26. In: Abstract book. Plant and Microbe Adaptation to the Cold. 4-8 Dec Ås, Norway Espevig, T. et al Evaluation of resistance to pink snow mold of velvet bent grass cultivars in controlled environments. Reviewed abstract presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): Espevig, T. et al Thatch control on newly established velvet bentgrass putting greens. Reviewed abstract

61 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 61 presented at the 3rd ETS Conference, June Bioforsk FOKUS 7(8): Espevig, T Turfgrass winter stress management: recent studies and future perspectives. In: Waalen, W., Olsen, J.E. (Eds.) Winter survival in a changing climate. Bioforsk Fokus 8(5), Espevig, T., A. Kvalbein & T. Aamlid Potential of velvet bent grass for putting greens in winter-cold areas. 9 pp. Espevig, T., A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid Effect of impe ded drainage on winter hardiness of four turf grasses used on lawns/fairways. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):17. Espevig, T., M. Höglind & T.S. Aamlid Dehardening resistance and rehardening capacities of six turfgrasses used on golf greens Scandinavian testing of turfgrass species and varieties for winter hardiness. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):10. Espevig, T., W.M. Waalen, B. Printz, J.-F. Hausman & T.S. Aamlid Carbohydrate changes in turfgrasses during winter in Norway. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):15. Espevig T., A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid Effect of impe ded drainage on winter hardiness of four turf grasses used on lawns/fairways. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8): Espevig T., M. Höglind & T.S. Aamlid Dehardening resistance and rehardening capacities of six turfgrasses used on golf greens. In: Pukacki, P.M & S. Pukacka (eds.) The Book of Abstracts: Stress Recognition Triggers Plant Adaptation. International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar, 10th, Kórnik - Poznań, Poland August 2014, p. 33. Espevig, T., W.M. Waalen, B. Printz, L. Solinhac., J.F. Hausman, K.A. Albein & T.S. Aamlid Carbohydrate changes in six turfgrass species during winter in Norway. In: Pukacki, P.M. & S. Pukacka (eds.) The Book of Abstracts: Stress Recognition Triggers Plant Adaptation. International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar, 10th, Kórnik - Poznań, Poland August 2014, p. 55. Espevig, T., T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Validation of the GreenCast prediction model for microdochium patch on golf greens in the Nordic region. Results from the second validation year. Bioforsk Report 9(43): (Confidential report to Syngenta). Espevig T., T.O. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Evaluation of Marathon fertilizer, Melgreen Si and Melgreen Cu on turf quality and microdochium patch on a Poa annua putting green. Provisional report from the first experimental year. NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive 17/ pp. Gómez-Armayones, C. & J.W. Knox Survey of golf cour se irrigation management practices in four Nordic countries, Technical Report. 22 pp. Gómez-Armayones, C. & J.W. Knox Golf course irrigation management practices in four Nordic countries www. sterf.org 7 pp. Gómez-Armayones, C Simulation of irrigation on golf greens using a ballistics model. Presented at Science for a Circular Economy - How to Tackle the Water, Energy. Food Nexus Conference, Book of Abstracts, Cranfield University, UK, 16 June Han, L., K. Teng, M. Strandberg & B. Hedlund A Chinese and Nordic collaboration Workshop on multifunctional golf facilities. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environmental Research Foundation, Popular Scientific Article. 3p. Han, L., K. Teng, M. Strandberg & B. Hedlund Workshop on multifunctional golf facilities. A Chinese and Nordic Collaboration. In: Walker, N.R. (ed.) International Turfgrass - The Newsletter of the International Turfgrass Society. September 2014 Edition. : 4-5. Hofgaard, S.I., B. Molteberg & A.M. Tronsmo Report from the project Improved Strategy for Control of Microdochium nivale on Golf Courses ( ) pp. Isaksson, M., M. Sima, E. Hillström, P. Isacsson & J. Andersson Multifunctionality on urban golf courses. 5p. Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen & F.S. Jensen A prac tical guide for assessing your golf course s multifunctional potential. STERF, Danish outdoor council, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg. 29 p. Knox, J.W Sustainable Water Management - A water strategy for the Scandinavian golf industry. R&D programme. 14 pp. Kvalbein, A. & T. Ericsson Bedarfsgerechte Düngung von Golfgreens. Greenkeepers Journal, No. 01/10, (41): Kvalbein, A. & Aamlid, T.S The Grass Guide 2012: Amenity Turf Grass Species for the Nordic Countries. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. 22 pp. Kvalbein, A., A-M. Dahl Jensen, P. Rasmussen & T. Aamlid Red fescue management, guidelines based on greenkeepers experiences. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. 26 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T. Aamlid Research and development programme within turfgrass winter stress management. 19 pp. Kvalbein, A Demonstration trials with protective covers on golf greens. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):21. Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen Dead greens following the winter. What to do? Kvalbein, A. 2015: Low input seminar on turfgrass management. European Turfgrass Society Newsletter 2015 (4): 9-13 Kvalbein, A. & P. Rasmussen Turning Poa greens into red fescue. Greenmaster (Canada) 50 (4): Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, K.N. Petersen, M. Usoltseva, S.A.I. Wright & T.S. Aamlid Fact sheet - Integrated pest management. Dollar spot. org/ 4p. Kvalbein, A Highlights from Nordic research on winter survival of turfgrass. European Turfgrass Society Newsletter 03/2016: docs/ets-nl Kvalbein, A., T. Pettersen & Aamlid, T.S. (2016) Evaluation of Aquatrols experimental biostimulant formulations. Field test on creeping bentgrass golf green in Norway NIBIO Confidential Report, Archive number 2015/ Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T. Aamlid & W. Waalen Winter injuries on golf greens in the Nordic countries - Survey of causes and economic consequences. 11 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S Aamlid Turfgrass winter stress management. Golf Course Managers

62 62 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Handbook pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Effects of AlgaeGreen on freezing tolerance of cold season turf grasses: Extract of Ascophyllum nodosum applied to golf greens in Norway. Confidential Report to OGT. Archive 17/ pp. Kvalbein, A Full-scale demonstration trials. NIBIO McGlynn, R Evaluation of fertilizer regimes and turfgrass species effect on playing characteristics of overwintered golf putting greens in Sweden. MSc Sports Surface Technology Academic Year Cranfield University School of Applied Science Natural Resources Department. UK Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, G. Thorvaldsson, A. Hammarlund, F. Enger, T. Espevig, Å. Susort & D. Nord Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use on Scandinavian putting greens. Results from the sowing year Bioforsk Report 2 (159): 26 pp. Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, G. Thorvaldsson, A. Hammarlund, F. Enger, T. Pettersen & D. Nord Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens, Results from the sowing year 2007 and first green year Bioforsk Report 3 (170): 40 pp. Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid, G. Thorvaldsson, F. Enger & T. Pettersen Evaluation of turfgrass varieties for use on Scandinavian golf greens, Results from the sowing year 2007 and the two first green year 2008 and Bioforsk Report 5 (5): 38 pp. Pettersson, B. & M. Rannikko Demonstration trials with winter cover protection pp. Rannikko, M. & B. Pettersson Demonstration trials with winter cover protection. Results from the first winter demonstration year Rannikko, M. & B. Pettersson Demonstration trials with winter cover protection. Annual report winter Ross J., D. Tompkins, K. Dodson & D. Asher Winter cover strategies for your golf course. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):24 Sandberg, R., H. Nordh & S.M. Tveit Impact of golf courses on cultural landscapes. Popular scientific article. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. 15pp. Skarin, O., M. Strandberg & K. Schmidt Societal Benefits of Golf - Inspiration and Ideas for Local Partnership. Handbook Scandinavian Turfgrass Research Foundation p. Strandberg, M., A-M. Dahl Jensen, A-M. Dock Gustavsson, A.Tronsmo & P. Persson Golf s research and development programme within integrated pest management pp. Strandberg, M Three extended Scandinavian R&D programs. International Turfgrass Newletter, October 2010, pp Strandberg, M Multifunctional Golf Courses An Unutilised Resource. The Newsletter of International Turfgrass Society: 3-5. Strandberg, M. et al Multifunctional Golf Courses An Unutilised Resource. STERF, Box 84, Danderyd pp. Strandberg, M Exploring multifunctional golf courses Swedish project focuses on underutilized public resources. Greenmaster. January/February 2012: Strandberg, M Mutiltifunctional golf facilities an underutilised resource. Greenside. September 2012: Strandberg, M., K. Schmidt, A.M. Dahl Jensen, C. Wettemark, I. Sarlöv Herlin, O. Hjort Caspersen & T. Kastrup Petersen Research and development within multifunctional golf facilities. 23 pp. Strandberg, M New research and development program within multifunctional golf facilities. European Turfgrass Society Newsletter. September Strandberg, M. & T. Espevig 2014 STERF s Winter stress management programme. In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):7. Strandberg., M A special communication to ETS mem bers Societal benefits of golf. European Turfgrass Society Newsletter 2015 (3): 4 Strandberg, M Societal benefits of golf. The Newsletter of International Turfgrass Society: 3-5. Strandberg, M A practical guide for assessing the multifunctional potential of golf courses. ETS newsletter May Strandberg, M. et al STERF research and develop ment programme within multifunctional golf facilities and ecosystem services. 21 pp. Strandberg, M A practical guide for assessing the multifunctional potential of golf courses. International Turfgrass Society Newsletter, May p Strandberg, M Red fescue management - Guidelines based on new research results and greenkeepers experiences. ETS newsletter. May Strandberg, M Red fescue management - Guidelines based on new research results and greenkeepers experiences. ITS newsletter. May p Strandberg, M STERF call for proposals. ITS newslet ter. September pp newsletters/index.htm Strandberg, M STERF yearbook pp. www. sterf.org. Strandberg, M STERF yearbook Strandberg, M Ten new fact sheets about turfgrass winter stress management. ITS Newsletter January pdf pp Strandberg, M Ten new fact sheets about turf grass winter stress management. ETS Newsletter 1: pp Strandberg, M STERF yearbook - 10 years of exceptional progress. European Turfgrass Society newsletter 2017:2. docs/ets-nl _reg p. 9. Strandberg, M. & B. Hedlund STERF yearbook years of exceptional progress. ITS Newsletter May itsnd.pdf p. 8. Strandberg, M. & B. Hedlund STERF yearbook years of exceptional progress. ETS newsletter 2: p. 9. Strandberg, M th International Turfgrass Research Conference in Copenhagen July Save the date! p. 16.

63 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 63 Strandberg, M th International Turfgrass Research Conference in Copenhagen July Save the date! ETS Newsletter 4: com/europeanturfgrasssociety/docs/ets-nl p. 21. Waalen, W.M, T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T.S. Aamlid The effect of ice encasement and two protective covers on the winter survival of six turfgrasses on putting greens In: Espevig, T. & A. Kvalbein (eds.). Turf Grass Winter Survival. Book of abstracts from international seminar Nov Bioforsk Fokus 9(8):25 Wissman, J., K. Ahrné, C. Poeplau, M. Hedblom, H. Marstorp, M. Ignatieva & K. Kätterer Multifunctional golf courses. Final report. 35 pp. Vågen, I.M., T.S. Aamlid, O. Niemeläinen, T.O. Pettersen & P. Ruuttunen Comparison of current and new PrimoMaxx formulations for turfgrass. Bioforsk report 8(186). Vågen, I.M., O. Niemeläinen, T. Espevig, T.O. Pettersen, P. Ruuttunen & T.S. Aamlid Comparison of current and new PrimoMaxx formulations for turfgrass. Bioforsk report 8(186): Confidential report to Syngenta. EXTENSION PAPERS OR REPORTS IN NORDIC LANGUAGES Aamlid, T.S Kraftig satsing på golfgras i Planteforsk. Gressforum 2003 (3)2: Aamlid, T.S Prøving av kvein- og rødsvingelsorter på golfgreen. Park & anlegg 2(4): Aamlid, T.S Nye forsøksgreener på Landvik for måling av utvasking av gjødsel og plantevernmidler. Gressforum 2003 (3): Aamlid, T.S Nye forsøksgreener på Landvik. Park & anlegg 3 (7): Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg 2004b. Utprøving av grasarter og sorter på golfgreener. Resultater fra green-forsøka på Landvik og Apelsvoll i såingsåret Gressforum 1/2004: Aamlid, T.S., B. Molteberg & A. Tronsmo Norske gras sorter på norske golfbaner. Gressforum 2/2004: Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg Klare forskjeller i overvintring og tidspunkt for vekststart på Planteforsks forsøksgreener. Gressforum 2/2005: Aamlid, T.S Vilka svampmedel är effektivast och samtidig mest miljovänliga? Greenbladet 23(5), Aamlid, T.S Klippehøyder og soppmidler diskutert på fagsamling om vinterforberedelser. Gressforum 2006 (4): Aamlid, T.S Seks råd for bedre vinteroverlevelse: Råd til norske golfklubber før vinteren. NGF nyhetsbrev, Nov Aamlid, T.S Bedre gresskvalitet og mindre klipping med vekstregulering på norske golfbaner? NGFs nyhetsbrev mai Aamlid, T.S Rødsvingel to eller tre underarter? Gressforum 2008 (4): Aamlid, T.S., M. Larsbo & N. Jarvis Virkning av væte midler på greenkvalitet, sjukdomsangrep og utlekking av soppmidler fra sandbaserte golfgreener. Gressforum 2008 (2): Aamlid, T.S., G.H. Ludvigsen, B. Molteberg, I.S.Hofgaard & A. Tronsmo Nytteeffekt og utvaskingsfare ved sprøyting med soppmidler på greener. Gressforum 2008 (3): Aamlid, T.S. & B. Molteberg Hvilken grasart har best overvintringsevne: Rødsvingel, engkvein eller krypkvein? Gressforum 2008 (4): Aamlid, T.S Vatningsstrategi på golfbaner. Gressforum 2008 (1): Aamlid, T.S. & M. Frisk Bevattningsstrategi på golfbanor. Greenbladet 25 (2): Aamlid, T.S. & A. Nyholt Vandingsstrategi underskudsvanding på greens. Greenkeeperen 22 (3): Aamlid, T.S Når graset våkner om våren. Gressforum 2009 (2): Aamlid, T.S Primo MAXX anbefalt godkjent på golf baner i Norden. Gressforum 2009 (1) Aamlid, T.S. & T. Espevig Hundekvein på golfgreen er i Norden. Gressforum 2009 (3): Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T.O. Pettersen Hvor mye vann bruker graset? Gressforum 2010 (1): Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein, T.O. Pettersen & A. Nyholt Hvor meget vand bruger græsset? Greenkeeperen 24 (2): Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein, T.O. Pettersen & B. Petterson 2010.Nytt från STERFs bevattningsprojekt: Hur mycket vatten använder gräset? Greenbladet 27 (2): Aamlid, T.S., F. Enger, T. Pettersen, A.A. Steensohn & G. Thorvaldsson Græsarter- og sorter til golfgreens, Resultater fra STERF prosjektet. Greenkeeperen 25 (1): Aamlid, T.S., F. Enger, T. Pettersen, A.A. Steensohn & G. Thorvaldsson Resultater fra STERF-prosjektet Grasarter og sorter til golfgreener. Gressforum 2011 (1): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Nye forskingsprosjekt Gressforum 2011(4): Aamlid, T.S., T.O. Pettersen & A. Kvalbein Vanningsprosjektet: Bedre økonomi ved underskuddsvanning to ganger i uka enn ved full rotbløyte. Gressforum 2011(2): Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Grasfrø til ulike typer grøn tanlegg. Bioforsk Fokus 7 (2): Aamlid, T.S. & A. Nyholt Vandingsstrategi under skudsvanding på greens. Greenkeeperen 22 (3): Aamlid, T.S Nurmikkosiemenet Suomi pp. Aamlid, T.S Sorter af plænegræs til Danmark pp Aamlid, T.S Sorter av plengras for Norge pp. Aamlid, T.S Sorter för grönytor i Sverige pp. Aamlid, T.S Sorter för grönytor i Sverige pp. Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Bättre green och mindre gödselbehov med vädefinerad kompost och dressand. Greenbladet 30(5): Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Kompost i greener er bra. Gressforum 2013(3): Aamlid T., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Kompost i greener är bra. Aamlid T., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Kompost i greener er bra. Aamlid, T.S Vinterskade: Erfaringer og funderinger etter vinteren Gressforum 2013(2): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig & B. Sandström Vilka svampbekämpningsmedel skall vi använda och hur många bekämpningar är nödvändiga? Greenbladet 30(5): Aamlid T., T. Espevig & B. Sandström Hvilke soppmid ler skal vi bruke høsten 2013 og hvor mange sprøytinger

64 64 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS er nødvendig? Aamlid T., T. Espevig & B. Sandström Vilka svampbekämpningsmedel skall vi använda hösten 2013 och hur många bekämpningar är nödvändiga? Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D. Jensen Nye lovende sorter i SCANGREEN. Greenkeeperen 28(2): Aamlid, T.S. & K. Sintorn Nya lovande sorter i STERFs provning av gräs till golfbanor. Greenbladet 31(2): Aamlid, T.S, W. Waalen, T. Espevig, T. Pettersen, J. Tangsveen & A. Steensohn Lovende sortsprøving. Gressforum 2014 (2): Aamlid, T.S., A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Veldefineret kompost i rodzonen og topdressing giver bedre greenkvalitet og mindre behov for gødning. Greenkeeperen 28(1): Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman Vekstregulering med PRIMO MAXX på golfbaneer i norden. STERF Handbook pp. Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman Tillväxtreglering med PRIMO MAXX på nordiska golfbanor. STERF Handbook pp. Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman Primo Maxx på svenska golfbanor. Greenbladet 31(3): Aamlid, T.S. & P. Edman Så påverkar dagslängden i Norden optimal dos och appliceringsintervall av Primo Maxx. Greenbladet 31(1): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, A. Tronsmo & T. Pettersen Bekjemping av overvintringssopp på greener: Kan mikrobiologiske preparat eller alginater erstatte kjemiske plantevernmidler? Gressforum 2014(4): Aamlid, T.S., K. Paaske & A.M.D. Jensen Bekæmpelse af microdochium pletter og sneskimmel på greens: Kan mikrobiologiske præparater eller algeekstrakter erstatte ke miske plantebeskyttelsesmidler? Greenkeeperen 28 (4): Aamlid, T.S., L. Wiik & P.G. Andersson Snömögel och fusarioser på golfgreener. Kan alternativ som mikrobiologiska preparat eller alginater ersätta kemiska bekämingsmedel? Greenbladet 31(5): Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D.Jensen Endelige sortslister fra SCANGREEN Greenkeeperen 29(1): Aamlid, T.S Planlegg frøinnkjøpet nå! Krypkveinsorter til greener i Skandinavia. Gressforum 2015 (3): Aamlid, T.S. Kvalbeien, A Turfgrass Guide Amenity turf grass species for the Nordic countries. STERF handbook. 21p. Aamlid, T.S. Kvalbeien, A Gressguiden Gress til grøntanlegg i Norden. STERF handbok. 21p org Aamlid, T.S. Kvalbeien, A Gräsguiden 2015 Gräs till grönytor i Norden, STERF handbok. 21p. Aamlid, T.S. & Espevig, T Civitas mot sopp. Nytt STERF-prosjekt: Indusert resistens mot Microdochium nivale. Gressforum 2015(1): Aamlid, T.S., K. Paaske & K. Normann Nyt STERFprojekt: Induseret resistens mod Microdochium nivale. Greenkeeperen 29(2): Aamlid, T.S., D. Widmark, B. Sandström & S. Nilsson Nytt STERF-project: Framkalla resitens mot Microdochium nivale. Greenbladet 32(2): Aamlid, T.S Tillväxtkontroll med PrimoMAXX på fair way. Syngenta Turf Talk vår/sommer 2015: 9. Aamlid, T.S Fortsat stort behov for oplæring i IPM på golfbanerne. Nyttigt møde mellom STERF og de nordiske myndigheder om planteværnsmidler. Greenkeeperen 29 (3): Aamlid, T.S Möte mellan STERF och nordiska myn digheter om IPM och bekämpningsmedel: Stort behov av utbildning. Greenbladet 32(3): Aamlid, T.S. & B. Sandström Planera fröinnkjöpet nu. De bästa krypvensorterna till greener i Skandinavien. Greenbladet 33(1): Aamlid, T.S Flerårig raigras i norske plenfrøblan dinger? Park & anlegg 15(6): Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Trampgröe - slitagemästa ren! Greenbladet 33(5): Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Veirapp - slitasjemeste ren! STERF populærartikkel. 4 pp. Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Etablering av golfbanor och andra grästäckta grönytor utan ogräs. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at www. sterf.org/dk). Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Etablering av golfbanor och andra grästäckta grönytor utan ogräs. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at www. sterf.org/dk). Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Etablering av golfbanor och andra grästäckta grönytor utan ogräs. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at www. sterf.org/dk). Aamlid, T.S., M. Almvik, A. Kvalbein & T. Pettersen Nytt forskingsprosjekt: Risiko for utlekking og overflateavrenning av soppmidler fra ondulerte, sandbaserte greener. Gressforum 2016(3): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S. Calvache Gil & A. Kvalbein Low-input greener med god spillekvalitet: Rein rødsvingel eller blandingsgreener? STERF populærartikkel. 10 pp. Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S. Calvache Gil & A. Kvalbein Low-input greens med god spillekvalitet: Ren rødsvingel eller greens med blandede græsarter? Greenkeeperen 30(4): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S. Calvache Gil & A. Kvalbein Low-input greener med god spillekvalitet: Rein rødsvingel eller blandingsgreener? Gressforum 2017(1): Aamlid, T.S., T. Espevig, S.C. Gil, A. Kvalbein & K. Sintorn Ren rödsvignel eller blandgreener. Greenbladet 34(1): Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson, A.M.D. Jensen & A. Kvalbein Engrapgræs som greengræs? Overraskende resultater i SCANGREEN Greenkeeperen 2017(2): 6-9. Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson & A.M.D. Jensen Kärrgröe eller engelskt rajgräs som «hjälpgräs» vid hjälpsådd efter vinterskador. STERF Popular Scientific Articles. Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson & A.M.D. Jensen Markrapp eller flerårig raigras som hjelpegress ved resåing etter vinterskade. Gressforum 2016(2): Aamlid, T.S., P. Heltoft, G. Thorvaldsson & A.M.D. Jensen Markrapp eller flerårig raigras som hjelpegress ved resåing etter vinterskade. STERF Popular Scientific Articles, May Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D. Jensen Nyt fra SCANGREEN: Rødsvingelblandinger til golfgreens: En 50/50 blanding af sorter uden udløbere og sorter med korte udløbere egner sig bedst til brug i Syd-Skandinavien. Greenkeeperen 31(1): Aamlid, T.S. & A.M.D. Jensen Rødsvingelblandinger til golfgreens: En 50/50 blanding af sorter uden udløbere og sorter med korte udløbere egner sig bedst til brug i Syd-

65 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 65 Skandinavien. STERF Popular Scientific Articles, December Aamlid, T.S. & A. Kvalbein Veirapp - slitasjemesteren! Gressforum 2017(1): Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kalloniemi, A. Kvalbein, B. Sandell, T.H. Jepsen & H.G. Lau Tynd rough er lettere at spille fra og åbner for større biodiversitet. Greenkeeperen 31(4): Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kalloniemi, A. Kvalbein, B. Sandell, T.H. Jepsen & H.G. Lau Tynd rough er lettere at spille fra og åbner for større biodiversitet Forsøget i Herning Golf Klub. Greenkeeperen 31(4): Aamlid, T.S., H.M. Hanslin, E. Svalheim, E. Kalloniemi, A. Kvalbein, B. Sandell, T. Lennartson & J. Wissman Mager ruff ger lättare spel och ökad biologisk mångfald. Greenbladet 34(5): AGC som landskabsspiller Publication on Asserbo GC s webpage. klubnyheder/2642-agc-som-landskabsspiller Andersson, R Hitta rätt med nya gräsguiden. Golf och Affärer nr Beckman, O Smedsby skola satsar på lektioner utomhus MVT. Blombäck, K En greens åldrande: Förändringar av växtbäddens biologiska, fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper under en sexårsperiod. Emergo 2008:1. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Avdelningen för biogeofysik och vattenvård. Blombäck, K Gödslingen och gräsets växtkraft. Greenbladet nr 2, pp Blombäck, K., M. Linde & A. Tronsmo Påverkas spelkvaliteten av gödslings strategierna? Greenbladet nr 3, Blombäck, K. & T. Ericsson STERF:s forsknings projekt - Skötsel för god invintring och tidig vårtillväxt Greenbladet nr 2, pp Cardner. S Integrerat växtskydd kräver nya strate gier. Golf och Affärer 1:2012. Colding, J. & S. Lundberg Golfbanan som våtmarksresurs, Manual för att främja biologisk mångfald i dammar och småvatten på golfbanan. Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation org Colding, J. & S. Lundberg Golfbanan som våtmarks resurs. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. 22 pp. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & K.S. Krogholm Pesticidfri pleje af fairways. Greenkeeperen 2008 (3): Dahl Jensen, A.M. & K.S. Krogholm Pesticidfri skötsel av fairways nystartat forskningsprojekt i Danmark. Greenbladet 25 (5): Dahl Jensen, A.M Golf og miljø faktaark om miljømæsige udfordringer I relation til græspleje. Faktablad Dansk Golfunion. pp Dahl Jensen, A-M Får et miljøvenligt alternativ til bekæmpelse af ukrudt på golfbanen, Videnblad, Dahl Jensen, A-M. & K. Sintorn Får et miljøvenligt alternativ til ukrudt bekæmpelse, Greenkeeperen 4: Dahl Jensen, A-M. & K. Sintorn Møde mellem svens ke og danske greenkeepere erfaringsudveksling om pesticidfri pleje, Greenkeeperen 3: Dahl Jensen, A-M. & T. Kastrup Petersen EU får betydning for de danske golfbaner EU direktiv om bæredygtig anvendelse af pesticider vil sætte standarden på de danske golfbaner, Greenkeeperen 1: Dahl Jensen A-M. & K. Sintorn Svensk/dansk green keeper-utbyte om pesticidfri skötsel, Greenbladet 4: Dahl Jensen A-M. & K. Sintorn Får ett miljövänligt alternativ som ogräsbekämpning, Greenbladet 4: Dahl Jensen, A.M & T.K. Petersen Mere forskning I Danmark. Greenkeeperen 1: Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Golfbanans vanligaste ogräs. 4 pp. Dahl Jensen, A. M. & P. Edman Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Vitklöver. 3 pp. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd. - Skräppor. 2 pp. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Åkertistel. 3 pp. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & P. Edman 2011.Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd - Ogräsbekämpning /betesdjur. 4 pp. Dahl Jensen, A.M. & H.P. Ravn Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Trädgårdsborre. 3 pp. Dahl Jensen, A.M Ukrudtsbekæmpelse på græsa realer - oversigt. Bioforsk FOKUS 5(2): Dahl Jensen, A.M Bekæmpelse af tidsler. Greenkeeperen 4: Dahl Jensen, A.M. & T.K. Petersen Mere forskning I Danmark STERF projekter. Greenkeeperen 1: Edman, P Dokumentationskrav för integrerat växt skydd (IPM). ( banskotsel/nyhetsbrev-fran-banskotsel/dokumentationskrav-for-integrerat-vaxtskydd-ipm/#expandable-seminarietvinteroverlevnad-presentationer Edman, P Skräppor (Rumex crispus m.fl.). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Ejderdun, A Riskbedömning av skandinaviska isolat av Sclerotinia homoeocarpa vid olika klimat. B.Sc. thesis at University of Gävle, Trädgårdsmästarprogrammet med inriktning mot hälsa och design. 53 p. org/smash/get/diva2:807013/fulltext01.pdf Ericsson, T Inverkan av behovsanpassad gödsling på golfgräs tillväxt, utseende, och kväveutnyttjande. Report to the Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation, Ericsson, T Behovsanpassad gödsling. Greenbladet 23 (2): Ericsson, E., K. Blombäck & A. Kvalbein Behovsanpassad gödsling från teori till praktik. Handbok. 19 pp. Ericsson, E., K. Blombäck & A. Kvalbein Behovstilpasset gødskning - Fra teori til praksis Handbok.19 pp. Espevig, T., A. Tronsmo, T.S. Aamlid, B. Molteberg & A.M. Tronsmo Hva sier forsøksresultatene om overvint ring av hundekvein. Gressforum 2009 (3): 23. Espevig, T., T.O. Pettersen & T.S. Aamlid Vinteroverlevelse i forsøksfeltene på Landvik Gressforum 2: 6-9. Espevig, T Mulighederne for hundehvene på greens i norden, Handbok. 21 pp. Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein Myntflekk. Ny sykdom på gress i Scandinavia. Gressforum 1: Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein Ny sygdom på græs i Skandinavien. Greenkeeperen 2: Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein Myntfläck ny sjukdom på gräs i Skandinavien. Greenbladet 3: Espevig T. & A. Kvalbein Årsak til vinterskade: Snømugg. Om vinterskader etter vinteren og om spørreundersøkelsen på Gresskurs Gressforum 1:22-26.

66 66 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Fransson, C Smedsby skola satsar på uteprofil. Östgötatidningen, Hedlund, A Vart tar kvävet vägen.greenbladet 19 (4). Hedlund, A. & M. Strandberg Gräsets tillväxt och kvävegödsling i Skandinavien. Greenbladet 22 (2), Hellsten, C-M EU-direktiv kräver nya strategier. Golf.se Heltoft, P., J. Tangsveen & T.S. Aamlid Övervintring hos greenen i Apelsvoll. Greenbladet 34(3): Heltoft, P., J. Tangsveen & T.S. Aamlid Overvintring på sortsgreenen på NIBIO Apelsvoll. Gressforum 2016(2): Henriksen, V. July Tråkker til flerebruksanlegg. Frederiksstad Blad. Jensen, A.M.D Hvad med vores fairways? Greenkeeperen 3, pp Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen, F.S Jensen & S. Petersen Orienteringsløb på golfbanen. Grennekeeperen 1: Jensen, A.M.D., Caspersen O.H., and Jensen, F.S. Schmidt, K. & Strandberg, M. (2015): Guide for värdering av golfbanans Multifunktionella värden. STERF, Danish outdoor council and Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg. 31p. Jensen, A.M.D Betning med djur en del av IPM stra tegin. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D Maskros. (Taraxacum officinale) Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D Minimering av ogräs på fairway och andra kortklippta gräsytor. 4 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D Registrering av insektsangrepp samt skadetrösklar. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. www. sterf.org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at org/no and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D Registrering av ogräs hur och när? Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D Vitklöver. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at org/dk). Jensen, A.M.D. & P. Edman Groblad (Plantago major), tusensköna (Bellis perennis), krypnarv (Sagina procumbens). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D & P. Edman Åkertistel (Cirsium arvense). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D. & K.J. Hesselsöe Försök på egen bana. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D. & P.K. Jensen Sprutteknik. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D. & P.K. Jensen Kilder til information om sprøjtemidler. Faktablad integreret plantebeskyttelse. 5 pp. (Only in Danish) Jensen, A.M.D. & H.P. Ravn Harkrankar (Tipulidae sp.) Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D. & H.P. Ravn Trädgårdsborre (Phyllopertha horticola). Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at www. sterf.org/no and in Danish at Jensen, A.M.D., O.H. Caspersen & F.S. Jensen Guide för värdering golfbanans multifunktionella värden. 29 pp. Johansson, F Här görs gräset grönare och tåligare. UNT , Kvalbein, A Nordlys er ikke bare Nordlys. Gressforum2009 (2): Kvalbein, A Grunnleggende begrep om vanning Gressforum 2010 (4): Kvalbein, A Hva dreper gresset om vinteren? Gressforum 1:12. Kvalbein, A., F. Enger, W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig Duklegging eller snøfjerning. Gressforum 2:10-12 Kvalbein, A Integrerat Växtskydd - Rambeskrivning IPM pp. Kvalbein, A., F. Enger, W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig Duklegging eller snøfjerning. Gressforum 2: Kvalbein, A Dekkeforsøk på Miklagard. Gressforum 4:24. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Gödsling. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Bevattning. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A. & T. Espevig Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd - Thatch i gräsmattan. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd - Gräs till parker och fotbollsplaner pp. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd - Gräs till golfbanor. 8 pp. Kvalbein, A Riktig gjødsling gir sterkt gress. Bioforsk Fokus 7 (2): Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Riktig gressart. Beskrivelseav gressarter for golf- og fotballbaner. Gressforum 4: Kvalbein, A Gresset & Høstforberedelser. Gressforum 2: Kvalbein, A Rødsvingel - for alle slags golfbaner. Gressforum 4: Kvalbein, A., F. Enger, W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig Duklegging eller snøfjerning. Gressforum 2: Kvalbein, A Mykorrhiza på greengress. Gressforum 3: Kvalbein, A Mykorrhiza på greengress. 4pp. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Plantenes vannhusholdning. Gressforum 2013(4): Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Tørrflekker og vannavstøtende jord. Gressforum 2013(3): Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Vanning av gress på golfbaner. STERF handbok. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Plantenes vannhusholdning. Gressforum 2013(4): Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Tørkepletter og vandafvisende jord. Greenkeeperen 28(1): Kvalbein, A Høstgjødslingsforsøk. Gressforum 4/2014, page 5 Kvalbein, A Förberedelse för vintern. Syngenta Turf

67 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 67 Talk, Höst/Vinter 2014, page 7 Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & T. Espevig Vinterskador - en komplicerad sak. Greenbladet 1: Kvalbein, A Förberedelse för vintern. Turf Talk (Swedish edition) Høst/vinter 2014 p. ( Kvalbeien, A., A-M. Dahl Jensen, P. Rasmussen & T. Aamlid Rauðvingull á golfvöllum: Leiðbeiningar byggðar á reynslu valinkunna vallarstjóra. Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation. 26pp. sterf.org Kvalbein, A. 2015: Low input seminar. Gressforum 2015 (4): Kvalbein, A. & P. Rasmussen Fra tunrapp til rødsvingelgreener. Gressforum 2015(2): 6-9. Kvalbein, A. & P. Rasmussen Fra enårig rapgræs til rødsvingel. Greenkeeperen 29(2): Kvalbein, A. Waalen, W. & Aamlid, T.S. (2015): Dött eller grönt till våren? Greenbladet (32) nr 5 pp Kvalbein, A. Waalen, W. & Aamlid, T.S. (2015): Dødt eller grønt om våren? Gressfourm 2015/3 pp Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, K.N. Petersen, M.Usoltseva, S.A.I. Wright, T.S.Aamlid Faktablad Myntfläcksjuka en ny sjukdom i Skandinavien. sterf.org/sv/ipm/faktaomraden/skadegorare/sjukdomar 4p. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, M.B. Brurberg, K.N. Petersen, M.Usoltseva, S.A.I. Wright, T.S.Aamlid Faktaark Myntflekk en ny sykdom i Skandinavia. org/sv/ipm/faktaomraden/skadegorare/sjukdomar 4p. Kvalbein, A Kravet om integrert plantevern. Gressforum 2016(1): Kvalbein, A Plantevern på golfbaner: Hva gjeldder nå? Gressforum 2016(1): Kvalbein, A Betydelse av filt (thatch) kontroll vid IPM. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Kvalbein, A Bevattning enligt IPM. Faktablad integre rat växtskydd. 4 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at org/dk). Kvalbein, A IPM Dokumentation vid skötsel av golf banor. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Kvalbein, A Mekanisk skötsel för att minimera angrepp av skadegörare på golfbanan. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 5 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at org/dk). Kvalbein, A Rambeskrivning IPM. Integrerat växt skydd. 13 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at org/dk). Kvalbein, A Gress til golfanlegg. Veileder om inte grert plantevern (IPV). 4 pp. Viewer/Content/123277/IPV-veileder%20Golfgress%20 11mars2016.pdf Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Gödsling och integrerat växtskydd. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 8 pp. org/se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Torrfläckar. Faktablad inte grerat växtskydd. 4 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at org/dk). Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Val av gräs till golfbanor. Faktablad integrert plantevern. Revidert mars pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at org/no and in Danish at Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Val av gräs till parker, spor tytor och landskapsområden. Faktablad integrert plantevern. Revidert mars s. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at org/dk). Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Anoxia. When to break the ice? 9 pp. Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen Winter play on summer greens. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Acclimation and winter stresses. What is killing out golf greens? 6 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Winter protective covers. Usage of wraps to improve winter survival of golf greens. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Re-seeding and spring recovery from winter injuries. 7 pp. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Winter work on golf greens. 6 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Warm spells during the winter. De-acclimation and risk of winter injuries on turf. 4 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen Spring stresses. The difficult transition into a new growing season. 4 pp. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Isbrann. Når skal isen knuses? 9 pp. Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen Vinterspill på sommer green er. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Herding og vinterstress. Hva er det som skader golfgreenene? 6 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Vinterdekking av greener. Bruk av duker for å bedre vinteroverlevelse av golfgreener. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Reetablering etter vinterskader. 7 pp. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Vinterarbeid på golf greener. 6 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Varme perioder om vinteren. Avherding og risiko for vinterskader på gress. 4 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen Vårskader. Den vanskelige overgangen til ny vekstsesong. 4 pp. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Isbränna. När ska isen krossas? 9 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Härdning och vinterstress. Hvad är det som skadar golfgreener? 6 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Varma perioder under vintern. Avhärdning och risker för vinterskador på gräs. 4 pp. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Isbran. Hvornår skal isen brydes? 9 pp. Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen Vinterspill på sommer greens. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen Undirbuningur golfflata fyrir veturinn. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Bli av med filt i gräsmattan. Greenbladet 33(3): Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Filt i gress matter. STERF populærartikkel. 8 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Filt i græs plener. Greenkeeperen 2016(3):

68 68 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig & T.S. Aamlid Høstarbeid for å unngå vinterskader på greener. Gressforum 2016(3): 8-9. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T. Aamlid & W. Waalen VINTERSKADER på nordiske golfgreener - Spørreundersøkelse om årsaker og økonomiske konsekvenser. 11 pp. Kvalbein, A. & W. Waalen 2017 Vinterspel på sommargreener. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Vintertäckning av greener Användning av dukar för bättre vinteröverlevnad. 5 pp. Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Återetablering efter vinterskador. 7 pp. Kvalbein, A., & T.S. Aamlid 2017.Vinterarbete på golfgreener. 6p, Kvalbein, A., T. Espevig, T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen Vårskador Den svåra övergången till ny växtsäsong. 4 pp. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen & T.S. Aamlid Hvenær skal ísinn brotinn? 9 pp. Kvalbein, A., T.S. Aamlid & W. Waalen Undirbúningur golfflata fyrir veturinn. 5p. Kvalbein, A. & T.S. Aamlid Vetrarvinna á golfflötum. 6 pp. Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & C-J. Lönnberg Re-etablering etter vinterskade. STERF Popular Scientific Articles February Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & C-J. Lönnberg Återetablering efter vinterskador. Greenbladet 34(3): Kvalbein, A., W. Waalen, T.S. Aamlid & C-J. Lönnberg Återetablering efter vinterskador. STERF Popular Scientific Articles February Lagerstam, M Utvärdering av lokalt greengräs försök i Dalarna Report to Scandinavian Turfgrass and Environment Research Foundation pp. Larsbo, M., N. Jarvis & T.S. Aamlid Organisk material och vätmiddel minskar utlakning. Greenbladet (Sverige) 24 (5): Lehmuskoski, P Viheriöiden talvisuojauskokeen havaintoja, osa II. Bunkkeri-Uutiset 3/09: 6 7. Lektioner I skogen uppskattas av elever och pedagoger Motala municipality s website Liljebäck, L.-E Ny chans att lära gräs för golfbanor. Agrifack. May. Linde, N. & M. Strandberg Tre av fyra drabbas av skador. Greenbladet 23 (4): Lönnberg, C.J. & B. Sandström Successful reesta blishment of golf greens following winter damage. 7 pp. SGF. Lönnberg, C-J Re-establishment of winter-damaged golf greens. Video. r3lpuxke&index=3&list=plkapdbmlbjmj6ihbyxj7z1vrn fmhs3xhd Lönnberg, C-J Hjälpsådd I praktiken av vinterskadade greener. Swedish Golf Federation newsletter. May nyhetsbrev-fran-banskotsel/?p=2#expandable-hjalpsadd-ipraktiken-av-vinterskadade-greener Lönnberg, C-J Hjälpsådd I praktiken efter vinterska dor. Greenbladet. 2017: Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid Utprøving av grasarter og sorter på golfgreener. Greenbladet 22 (2): Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid Grasarter og sorter til golfgreener. Bioforsk Tema 1 (25): 1-5. Molteberg, B., T.S. Aamlid & A. Tronsmo Den norske krypkveinsorten Nordlys. Gressforum 2007 (1): Molteberg, B. & T.S. Aamlid Nordisk sortsguide for gras til grøntanlegg, Anbefalte sorter til green, fairway/tee, plen, fotballbane og ekstensiv grasbakke basert på forsøksresultater Bioforsk Fokus 2 (18): 125 pp. Nilsdotter-Linde, N Gräs för golfbanor. Nordisk distanskurs oktober 2008 februari Greenbladet 2, 86. Nilsdotter-Linde, N Gräs för golfbanor. Nordisk distanskurs oktober 2009 februari Greenbladet 2, 85. Nilsson, S. 2015: Elva länder representerade på STERF semina rium i Köpenhamn. Greenbladet 32 (5): Nilsson, S. 2015: Internationalt STERF-seminar I København. Low input seminar. Greenkeeperen 29 (4): Normann, K Nye angreb af dollar spot. Greenkeeperen 23 (3): Nyholt, A Hvordan overlever græsset vinteren? Greenkeeperen 4:6-8. Persson, S Multifunktionella golfanläggningar arenor för idrott, naturvård och allmänhet. Greenbladet nr 5/2010. S Petersen, K.N Resistens in plænegræs mod Rosa sneskimmel (Microdochium nivale). Greenkeeperen 28(4): 36. Petersen, T.K Forskning skal sikre fremtidens baner. Dansk Golf 2008 (4): 136 Petersen, T.K Greens og fairways til eksamen. Greenkeeperen 2008 (3): 54. Pettersson, B Vintertäckning möjlighet till bättre greenkvalitet tidigare på säsongen. Greenbladet 24 (4): Pettersson, B Kan vintertäckning vara nyckeln till bättre överlevnad och kvalité på våren? Greenbladet 25 (4): Pettersson, B Kan vinterdekking være nøkkelen til bedre overlevelse og greenkvalitet om våren? Gress Forum 2008 (4): Pettersson, B Vintertäckning av greener något som fler klubbar borde satsa på! Greenbladet 3/09: Rannikko, M., P. Lehmuskoski & J. Englund Viheriöiden talvisuojauskokeen havaintoja. Bunkkeri- Uutiset 3/08: Rannikko, M. & J. Lampela Viheriöiden talvisuojau skokeen havaintoja, osa III. Bunkkeri-Uutiset 3: 6-9. Sandberg, O.R Kulturlandskap, kulturminner og allmenn tilgjenglighet på golfbaner. Institutt for landskapsplanlegging, Universitetet for miljø- og biovitenskap, UMB, Ås, Norge. 69 pp. Sandberg Rømer, O Kulturlandskap, kultur minner og allmenn tilgjengelighet på golfbaner et kartleggingsverktøy. Forskningsrapport, Institutt for Landskapsplanlegging, Universitetet for Miljø- og Biovitenskap, UMB, Ås, Norge. 68 pp. Sandell, B. & T. Espevig Hekseringer. 9 pp. Sandell, B. & T. Espevig Häxringar. 9pp sterf.org/media/get/2969/haxringar Schmidt, K Ny handbok för att rädda livet i våra dammar. Greenbladet nr 1, pp 34 Schmidt, K Hitta ditt bästa gräs i sortslistorna. Greenbladet nr 2, pp

69 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS STERF 69 Schmidt, K Forskningsprogram och konferens om multifunktionella golfanläggningar. Greenbladet nr pp 39. Schmidt, K Kreativa diskussioner om framtida forskning. Greenbladet nr 4, pp Schmidt, K Ny handbok från STERF; Behovsanpassad gödsling - från teori till praktik. Greenbladet nr 1, Schmidt, K Planetens hållbahet vårt gemensamma ansvar. STERF popular scientific article. 6 pp. org. Schmidt, K Planetens hållbarhet vårt gemen samma ansvar. planetens-hallbarhet-vart-gemensamma-ansvar pp 6. Schmidt, K Verktyg som ger bättre koll. sterf.org/media/get/2775/artikel-verktyget-som-gerbattre-koll pp 4. Skarin, O., M. Strandberg & K. Schmidt Inspiration och idéer för lokal samverkan Erfarenheter från Sigtuna projektet. Handbok, Scandinavian Turfgrass Research Foundation p. Smedsby satsar mer på pedagogik utomhus Motala municipality s website Sörensson, M Solitärbin och andra insekter på Kristianstads Golfklubbs golfbanor i Åhus - inventering och förslag på riktiade skötselåtgärder. Vattenriket i fokus 2010: pp. Strandberg, M Gräs för golfbanor ny kunskap och beprövad erfarenhet. Greenbladet 5: 82. Strandberg, M. et al Multifunktionella golfanläggningar en outnyttjad resurs. STERF, Box 84, Danderyd pp. Strandberg, M. et al Opin svæði á golfvöllumvannýtt auðlind. STERF, Box 84, Danderyd pp. Strandberg, M. et al Multifunksjonelle Golfanlegg En uutnyttet ressurs. STERF, Box 84, Danderyd pp. Strandberg, M. & K. Schmidt EU:s direktiv om integrerat växtskydd kräver nya strategier. Greenbladet 4: Strandberg, M Nytt från SGF. Praktiska råd och rekommendationer besök kunskapsbiblioteket. Svenska golfförbundets nyhetsbrev. December Strandberg. M. & K. Schmidt Nytt verktyg med praktiska råd och rekommendationer. Greenbladet 1: Strandberg, M. & T.S. Aamlid Moderna växtskyddsmedel en del av integrert växtskydd. Greenbladet 29(2): Strandberg, M Nya projekt ska ge nya växtskyddsmedel. Golf och Affärer 3: 17. Strandberg, M., K. Schmidt, A.M. Dahl Jensen, C. Wettemark, I. Sarlön Herlin, O. Hjort Caspersen & T. Kastrup Petersen Forsknings och utvecklingsprogram inom multifunktionella golfanläggningar. 23 pp. Strandberg, M Forskning är lönsamt för golfen en sammanfattning av STERF:s årsredovisning pp. Strandberg, M. & M. Ihse Multifunktionella landskap rapport från seminarium om golfanläggningars möjligheter och utmaningar. Kungl. Skogs- och Lantbruksakademin pp. Strandberg, M Golfbanans gräsmattor ersätter soci aldemokratisk ideologi. Blogg Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. Strandberg, M Golfbanan blir klassrum. Blogg Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. Strandberg, M Äntligen ett hållbart verktyg. Blogg Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. golf.se/bloggar-och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/oncourse/ Strandberg, M Golfens miljö allt viktigare. Blogg Politik & Juridik, Swedish Golf Federation. bloggar-och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/planetens-hallbarhet/ Strandberg, M Är detta en golfbana Naturvårdsverkets argument för ekosystemtjänster. Blogg Politik & Juridik. Swedish Golf Federation. bloggar-och-kronikor/politik-och-juridik/ar-detta-en-golfbana- -naturvardsverkets-argument-for-ekosystemtjanster/ Strandberg, M Forskning är lönsamt för golfen En sammanfattning av STERF:s årsredovisning pp. Strandberg, M Nya nyttiga forskningsprojekt. Greenbladet, Nr paper/53mjjsdv/paper/1 pp Svalheim, E Kulturbetinget utvikling av biomangfold i grasmark i Aust-Agder. Re-registrering av gamle enger etter endring av gjødsling, slått, beiting. NIBIO rapport 3 (136) no/xmlui/handle/11250/ Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Övervintringssjukdomar. 6 pp. Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Pythium. 2 pp. Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd -Rödtrådssjuka & Pink patch. 2 pp. Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Antraknos. 2 pp. Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd - Ringar i gräsmattan. 2 pp. Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd Häxringar. 2 pp. Tronsmo, A Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd -Abiotiska skador. 6 pp. Tronsmo, A Abiotiska skador. Faktablad Integrerat Växtskydd. 6 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Tronsmo, A Antraknos. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 2 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Tronsmo, A Häxringar. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 3 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Tronsmo, A Övervintringssjukdommar. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 6 pp. se. (Parallel version in Norwegian at no and in Danish at Tronsmo, A Pythium. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 2 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Tronsmo, A Ringar i gräsmattan. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 4 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at

70 70 STERF LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Tronsmo, A Rödtrådssjuka & Pink Patch. Faktablad integrerat växtskydd. 2 pp. (Parallel version in Norwegian at and in Danish at Waalen, W. & A. Kvalbein Enårig rapgræs klarer sig bedst om foråret. Greenkeeperen 2/2016: Waalen,W. & A. Kvalbein Survival of the fittest: Tunrapp har spissest albuer om våren. Park og Anlegg. 06/16: Waalen, W. & A. Kvalbein Survival of the fittest: Tunrapp har spissest albuer om våren. Gressforum 01/16. Wernersson, L Kulturhistorisk analys av Kristianstads Golfklubbs golfbanor i Åhus. Biosfärkontoret Kristianstads Vattenrike. Vattenriket i fokus 2009: pp. Wettemark, C Mer än en golfbana ta tillvara banans natur- och kulturvärden. Vattenriket i fokus 2012:02. ISSN pp. Åsgård, O Låt golfen ta plats i samhället. Vi gillar Golfnyttan. Golf och Affärer 1/2014:

71 Vallda GC. Photo:Peter Cordén