NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLICY

Transcription

1 U N I V E R S I T Y O F B E R G E N Faculty of Psychology NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLICY Stockholm, April 9, 2018 Ståle Pallesen Professor, PhD

2 PHASES OF NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLITICS

3 THREE PHASES OF NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLITICS Introduction; normal development Liberalization Restriction / regulation

4 PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1913: Legal gambling was reintroduced as a national lottery

5 PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1927: Horse race betting was introduced

6 PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1930s: Humanitarian organizations as the Red Cross were allowed to gambling machines (later slot machines and EMGs)

7 PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1948: Norsk Tipping was established by the government to provide revenue for sports organizations and research

8 PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1960: Bingo halls were introduced

9 PHASE TWO; GAMBLING LIBERALIZATION 1982: Horse bets could be placed outside horse race track

10 PHASE TWO; GAMBLING LIBERALIZATION 1980s: Lotto and scratch card lotteries were introduced. Upper limits on winnings were removed

11 PHASE TWO; GAMBLING LIBERALIZATION 1995: All organizations of public utility could run EMGs and gain revenues (often run by private companies on behalf of local sport clubs and others. Placed in supermarkets, gas stations, kiosks, bars and frequently used areas). EMGs were aggressive with banknote acceptors, high speed, light and sound reinforcement and high winnings

12 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 1997: No further increase in EMGs was allowed (Norway had 5.75 EMGs per 1000 inhabitants, 3 rd highest in the world)

13 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2000: Norsk Tipping and Rikstoto got temporary permission to offer existing games over internet

14 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2001: The Norwegian Gaming Authority was established (supervise and control private and state operated gambling)

15 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2003: The Norwegian Parliament gave Norsk Tipping exclusive rights to offer games on slot machines

16 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2004: Oslo District Court rules that the monopoly of Norsk Tipping violates the EEA-agreement. The government appeals the verdict

17 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2005: Norsk Tipping and Norsk Rikstoto got permanent permission to offer existing games over the internet. Norsk Tipping introduces player card with secure ID. The first governmental action plan against gambling problems ( ) was introduced

18 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2006: Ban on banknote acceptors on EMGs

19 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2007: EMGs not allowed during nighttime. Later EFTA-court and the Norwegian Supreme Court rule in favor of the Norwegian gouverment in the slot machine case - old EMGs are thus banned. Permission given to the bottle recycling lottery

20 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION : Norsk Tipping starts placing the Multix slot machines

21 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2009: Regulation about distribution of surplus from Norsk Tipping to community and humanitarian organizations. Norsk Tipping introduces mandatory registered play for all games (except Flax) as well as 18-year limit for all games. The second governmental action plan ( ) against gambling problems is published

22 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2010: Regulation against money transfer for games that not have Norwegian permission

23 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2013: The third governmental action plan against gambling is introduced

24 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2014: Norsk Tipping introduces casino games on internet. New rules for gambling marketing. Norwegian Championship tournament in poker and poker with friends become legal

25 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2016: Norsk Tipping introduces universal loss limits for all games ( NOK per month). The fourth governmental action plan against gambling problems is introduced

26 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2017: Parliament report on gambling policy published. Recommend to prolong the monopoly-model. Later the Parliament voted for the monopoly-model

27 PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2018: Parliament discusses IP-blocking of foreign gambling operators Risktoto asked to introduce registered play (except for some onsite races) and loss limits

28 OVERALL AIM NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLICIY Ensure that lotteries and gambling are offered within safe and responsible limits in order to counteract unwanted gambling behavior Organize lottery and money games in such a way that they can function as a good income source for community and humanitarian work, sport clubs/activities and culture.

29 LAWS

30 LAWS Lottery law Gambling law Horse racing law

31 LAW OF LOTTERY Regulations: Detailed regulations for specific types of games Regulate: Private lottery marked Games: Lottery based on scratch cards/paper, lottery offered on internet, bingo, data bingo, gambling machines on Norwegian ships, poker tournament, small scale lotteries, bazar Permission given by: Norwegian Gaming Authority Regulating authority: Norwegian Gaming Authority Responsible ministry: Ministry of Culture

32 LAW OF MONEY GAMES Regulations: Mainly related to distribution of surplus from Norsk Tipping as well as prohibition against conveying payment related to money games that do not have Norwegian permission Guidelines: Related to gambling advertising and distribution of games over internet Rules: Among others on loss limits and self-exclusion Regulates: Norsk Tipping Game types: Sports betting, number games, casino games on internet, (Multix and Belago), scratch cards (Flax) Permission given by: Ministry of Culture and the Norwegian Gaming Authority Regulating authority: Norwegian Gaming Authority (controls Norsk Tipping and development of regulations generally) Responsible ministry: Ministry of Culture

33 LAW OF HORSE RACING Regulations: Prohibition against conveying payment related to money games that do not have Norwegian permission Guidelines: Related to gambling advertising and distribution of games over internet Regulates: Norsk Rikstoto Gambling types: Horse racing Permission given by: Ministry of Agriculture and Food Regulating authority: Norwegian Gaming Authority Responsible ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Food

34 NORWEGIAN GAMBLING MARKED

35 GROSS GAMBLING EXPENDITURE IN 1000 NOK

36 GAMBLING PROBLEMS

37 Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 7,7 2,3 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015

38 Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 7,8 7,7 2,4 2,3 0,6 Pallesen et al., ,9 Pallesen et al., 2015 χ 2 = 3.1, df = 3, p >.05

39 Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 8,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,1 Pran & Ukkelberg, ,6 Pallesen et al., ,9 Pallesen et al., 2015

40 Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 11 8,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,3 1,3 Kavli & Torvik, 2008 Pran & Ukkelberg, ,6 Pallesen et al., ,9 Pallesen et al., 2015

41 Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 10,6 2,6 1,7 Kavli, ,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,3 1,3 Kavli & Torvik, 2008 Pran & Ukkelberg, ,6 Pallesen et al., ,9 Pallesen et al., 2015

42 Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science ,4 3,6 1,9 Kavli & Berntsen, 2002 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 10,6 2,6 1,7 Kavli, ,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,3 1,3 Kavli & Torvik, 2008 Pran & Ukkelberg, ,6 Pallesen et al., ,9 Pallesen et al., 2015 Unknown 22% 23% 14% 44% 41%

43 NATIONAL HELP LINE DATA Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Consultations about gambling

44 Faculty of Psychology/Department of Psychosocial Science