CROSS BREEDING HARIANA CATTLE. ABORTIONS AND SECONDARY SEX RATIO
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1 ANNALS OF ARID ZONE Vol. 12, No.1 & 2, March & June, 1973 CROSS BREEDING HARIANA CATTLE. ABORTIONS AND SECONDARY SEX RATIO S. S. TOMA.R AND NAIUNDBR SINGH. HARIANA AGRICULTRAL UNIVERSrry, HISSAR Received on ABSTRACT Hariana cows were bred to Hariana, Brown Swiss, Holsteitl Friesian and Danish Red bulls. Records were analysed for determining the influence of sires on the incidence of abortions lind frequency of male and female births. It was observed that: 1, The overall ratio of male to female births in Hariana cows bred to Hariana bulls was higher but this difference was not statistically significant. 2. Breeding of Hariana cows wilh bulls of exotic breeds did not change the sex ratio. 3 The incidence of abortions in Hariana cows bred to Hariana bulls was only 1.1 per cent. 4. The rate of of abortions were higher in cows bred to exotic bulls, as compared to Hariana bulls. INTRODUCTION The economy and improvement (through selection) of the herd depends, to a great extent, upon the availability of replacement stock. Therefore, any loss of replacement stock either due to abortions, mortality or due to lesser Present address: Division of Animal Studies, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur.
2 46 S.S. TOMAR AND NARINDER SINGH number of female births will greately affect the economy of the herd. Several workers have reported the incidence of abortions and sex ratios in relation to seas0n and sequence of calving, horn of pregnancy, age of parents of the calf and concluded that none of the factors affect the frequecy of male and female births (Bhattacharya, et az, Singh and Singh Tomar and Arora, 1970 and Prabhu and Chatterjee, 1970). Informations concerning loss of calves through abortions and the frequency of male and female births in cows of Indian cattle bred to sires of different exotic breeds are not available till now in the knowledge of the authors. Since cross breeding of Indian cattle with European breeds is going on speedily, some information in this regard is desirable. There, in this paper are reported the incidence of abortions and tle frequency of male and female calves from Hariana cows bred to Hariana and three different breeds of exotic sires. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study included the observations on primiparous and pluriparious Hariana cows being maintained at the animal farm of this University. These Hariana cows were inseminated artificially with the liquid semea from Hariana and Danish Red bulls and with the frozen semen from Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss bulls. A total of 590 calving records collected during a period of about 5 years from 1966 to 1971 were analysed. The observations were made on the incidence of abortions the frequecy of male and femals births for different groups of cows Chi-square test was applied to test the difference between the number of male and female births of different groups of cows. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The percentage of male and female calves born to Hariana cows bred to different breeds of sires is given in Table 1. The overall ratio of male to female births was found to be 51.9 : 48.1, respectively if the cows were bred to native bulls. This ratio is quite close to that reported by Tomar and Arora (1970) for the same breed. Statistical analysis of the data (Chi-square test) have indicatad that this deviation from 50 per cent in sex ratio in favour of male calves was not significant. Tl:e results are in agreement with
3 CROSS BREEDING HARIANA CATTLE 47 those of Kartha (1934), Bhattacharya et a1 (1956) Goswami et a1 (1963). Singh and Singh (1968) and Tomar and Arora (1970) for Indian cattle; Asker and EI-Itoiby (1957) for Egyptian, shorthorn and Friesian cattle; Miller and Gilmore (1949) for Jersey, Holstein-Friesian and Guernsey cattle; and Ragab and Asker (1959) for Friesian cattle and failcd to confirm the findings of Matassino and Bondi (1967) who reported significantly higher percentage of male births than females for Mar~e cows (Table 1). Table 1 The frequency of male and female births from Hariana cows bred to sires of different breeds Breed of sire Male births Female births Calculaied No. % No. % chi-square Hariana Holstein-Friesian Brown Swiss Danish Red Percentage of male and female births is based on normal births. 2. None of the chi-square value is significant. When the Hariana cows werc bred to Brown Swiss and Danish Red bulls, the percentage of male and female births were nearly equal, i. e and 50.9 per cent males in the two crosses, respectively. But in the group of cows bred to Holstein Friesian bulls, the percentage of male births were higher (54.8) as compared to other groups. Thus, the percentage of male births were higher in all the groups. However, chi-square test indicated that differences between the number of the 2 sexes in all the groups lacked statistical significant. Thus, it seems, on the basis of the presents findings, that the introduction of exoit sires in the Hariana herd did not change the ratio of male to female births. Similar results have been reported by Agarwala and Sagar (1963) for Jersey X Red Sindhi cattle and Asker aud El-Itoiby (1957) for Egyptian X Southern and Egyptian X Friesian cattle.
4 48 : S.S. TOMAR AND NARINDER SINGH The incidence of abortions in different groups of cows are presented in Table 2. When the cows were bred to native bulls the abortions were 1.1 per cent. Sharda and Lohia (1966) and Prabhu and Chatterjee (1970) reported the incidence of abortions as 2.7 and 3.64 per cent, respectively. in Hariana breed. The r~ports of Kartha (1934), Sen et al (1953) and Prabhu and Ghatterjee (1970) have indicated that the incidence of abortions in Indian cattle ranged between 2.6 to 7.1 per cent. Thus, it is clear that the incidence of abortions in Harians cows during the present study is low as compared to earlier reports, on Hariana and other Indian breeds. The incidence of abortions have been reported as 0.2 per cent in Egyptian cattle (Asker and EI-Itoiby, 1957) and between 1.8 to 6.0 per cent European breeds of cattle (Asker and EI-Itoiby, 1957, Ragab aud Asker, 1959; and Kassir and luma, 1968). This indicated that the rate of abortions in Indian and European Lreeds of cattle are quite similar and ranged between 1.1 to 7.1 per cent and 1.8 to 6.0 per cent respectivdy (Table 2). Table 2 Incidence of abortions in Hariana cows bred to bulls of different breeds Breeds of sire Total Normal Abortions births births No. % Hariana Holstein-Friesian Brown SWiSIO Danish Red The data of table 2 further showed that the rate of abortions increased in Hariana cows when bred to sires of different exotic breeds. It was highest in Danish Red X Hariana 3.63 per cent, and lowest in Holstein Friesian X Harian (2.24 per cent) cross. However, the differences were not significant. Kartha (1934), Sen et al (1953) and Prabhu and Chatterjee (1970) bave reported that the rate of aborcions were quite higher in crossbred cattle as compared to Indian cattle.
5 CROSS BREEDING,HARIANA CA.TTLE 49 REFERENCES Asker, A. A. and El-Itoiby, A. A Calf losses, sex ratio, abortion and twining of native European and cross-bred cattle in Egypt. Ind. J. Dairy, Sci. 10: 191. Agarwal, O. P. and Sagar, R. H Frequency versus left uterine horns of Red Sindhi Jersey as an aid in earlier prediction Vet. J. 40 : 155. of pregnancies in right Cows and its crosses with of sex of Foetus. Ind. Bhattacharya, P.; Prabhu, S. S. and Chatterjee, S. N Secondary sex ratio in Indian Cattle. A. B. A. 24: No Goswami, S. K.; De, S. N. and Bhattacharya, S Secondary sex ratio and and twining rate of Hariana Cattle. Ind. Vet. J. 40 : 416. K artha, K. P. R A note on the comparative economic efficiency of the Indian cow, the half-bred cow and the buffaloe at producers of milk and butterfat. Agri. and Livestock in India, 4 : 605. Kassir, S. A. and Juma, K. H A preliminary report on the performance of the Friesian and its crosses in Iraq. Ind J. Vet. Sci. 38: 541. Motassino, D. and Bondi, A The vital statistics of Marche Cow. II. Calvings, birth, age at first service first conception and calving intervals and its factions. A. B. A. 36 : No Miller, K. and Cilmore, D Calf mortality sex ratio and incidence of twining in two university of Minnesota herds. J. Dairy. Sci. 32 : 706. Prabhu, S. S. and Chatterjee, S. N Incidence of abortions in Indian cattle. Ind. J. Ani. Sci. 40 : 266. Ragab, M. T. and Asker, A. A Losses of the Friesian calves in the Thareer province. indo J. Dairy Sci. 12: 18.
6 50 I S.s. TOMAR AND NARINDER SINGH Singh, B. and Singh, B. P The bearing of season and sequence of calving on frequency of male, female and total calvings in Hariana cows. Ind. Vet. J~45: 852, Sen, K. C.; Lazadrus, A. J. Rangaswamy, M. C. and Anantakrishnano- <!;: P. 1'953. Observation on some Indian cattle, Part V. cross, breedillg for milk production. Ind. J. Dairy. Sci. 6 : 223. Sharda, D. P. and Lohia, K. L Incidence of abortions and abnofmal calvings in Hariana cattle. J. Res. P. A. U. 3: 449~ Tomar, S. S. and Arora, K. L; cattle. Haryana Vet. 9: 20. Secondary sex ratio and abortions in Mariana
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