4. Instruction in telemetry requires IACUC review if live vertebrates are used in the training session. a. True b. False

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1 Name: Quiz for Module 5: Field Biology - Mammals Date: 1. The Guidelines for the Capture, Handling, and Care of Mammals as Approved by the American Society of Mammalogists: were prepared by mammalogists primarily for use by mammalogists 2. Research conducted on marine mammals requires that the investigator apply for and obbtain a permit under the MMPA. This is a very detailed application with peer and public review of the project; therefore, IACUC review is not necessary unless the project is being funded by NSF or NIH. 3. The research animal is a composite of a particular genetic make-up and all the environmental influences acting upon it. These factors, whether controlled or not, must be detailed for captive animals studies, but are of little relevance for a field study. 4. Instruction in telemetry requires IACUC review if live vertebrates are used in the training session. 5. In general, field studies require a larger sample size than laboratory studies because field investigators have less control over biotic and abiotic conditions that increase variance in the results 6. Field collection activities and field research conducted by UAA faculty, staff, or students outside of the USA need to be performed in accordance with the regulations of that country but are exempted from IACUC review. 7. Researchers in mammalogy need to obtain samples of sufficient size to permit them to answer questions and test hypotheses. An adequate sample size, therefore, may be defined as the number of specimens or other data needed to ensure empirical and statistical validity. 1

2 8. Zoonosis is an infection or infestation shared in nature by man and vertebrates. 9. Use of kill traps is considered inhumane and IACUC s no longer permit the use of these traps 10. Investigators should recognize the dependent relationship between suckling infants and their mothers, and whenever possible should design sampling procedures to minimize the possibility of removing or killing lactating females. When this cannot be avoided or when orphaned young are found, the researcher should assume responsibility for such young, most commonly by killing them quickly and humanely. Live trapping should be designed to minimize the time lactating females are removed from their dependent offspring 11. The field researcher is obligated to find and inspect every live trap each time the trapline or grid is checked, and to remove all traps from the field or lock traps open at the end of the sampling period. If live traps are not set in a systematic fashion, they should be numbered and set sequentially, or traps should be flagged and numbered sequentially to ensure that all traps are found each time traps are checked, and that no traps are left in the field upon completion of sampling. 12. Since field conditions preclude the use of aseptic technique, collection of blood samples or small tissue samples via biopsy do not require the use of sterile instruments 13. Implanting passive integrated transponder PIT tags in the subcutaneous tissue provides an excellent means of permanently identifying (marking) individuals in a population. Accidental transmission of blood borne pathogens between individuals within a population under study can be prevented by wiping needles between use with alcohol or some other disinfectant like chlorhexidine or tincture of iodine. 14. Use of biopsy darts in Alaskan marine mammals is a fairly accepted technique employed by national marine fisheries service. Since this method of tissue sampling is used by NMFS employees, then UAA staff can also use it without IACUC review 2

3 15. Which of the following regarding field work on mammals is correct? a. All UAA activities involving live vertebrates regardless of funding source or purpose must be reviewed by the IACUC b. The acquisition of tissues from animals killed during a subsistence harvest, sport hunt, or commercial trapping does not require IACUC review as long as the collection is opportunistic. IACUC review is required if an investigator hires or arranges for a hunter or trapper to kill animals for a project. c. University projects funded by federal or state agencies need not be reviewed because the work is done under a different permit d. Only research projects need to be removed. Teaching and training projects are exempt from review 16. Under what situation might a sample size of 1 or 2 animals be acceptable? a. Certain anatomical studies b. Assessment of a surgical procedure on animal behavior, health, or mobility c. Certain cladistic analyses d. Certain types of environmental analyses e. None of the above f. A and C only g. A, C, and D only 17. In an effort to minimize distress, animal transport containers must protect from injury and allow the animal to assume normal posture without excessive crowding. Holding and shipping containers will vary, but you must consider a. Adequate ventilation b. Light levels c. Water d. Feed e. Labeling f. Timing of shipping g. All of the above h. A, C, D, and E only 18. The selection of a method of marking should involve both the assessment of the objectives of the study and the characteristics of the species being studied. Minimizing the impact on the animal is of primary concern. Which of the following statements regarding marking of wildlife is / are true? a. Toe clipping should be avoided for arboreal, scansorial, semi-fossorial, and fossorial species b. Ear tags may limit the ability of small mammals to groom their ears effectively c. Metal or plastic tags should be applied properly and should not burden the mammal or make it vulnerable to injury or predation d. Implantation of passive integrated transponder tags with adhering to aseptic technique may spread blood borne pathogens within a wild population 3

4 f. A, B, and C only g. A and C only 19. Use of firearms for the scientific collection of wildlife is acceptable as long as: a. The proper weapon with appropriate ammunition is employed b. The individual doing the shooting is experienced and has received proper training c. The killing of wildlife is justifiable given the objectives of the research d. Use of injectable euthanasia solutions have been considered 20. Occupational health and safety in field research requires a good understanding by all project participants of the risks inherent in being in field sites and the risks associated with the handling of animals. Issues of concern include but are not limited to a. Animal allergies b. Endemic disease that is transmissible to humans c. Potential to acquire physical injury such as cuts, bruises, bites, punctures, etc. d. Knowledge of wilderness survival e. When needed: knowledge in boat, aircraft, vehicle, and firearm safety f. All of the above 21. The UAA IACUC Assurance of Animal Care form requires a considerable amount of detailed information for live trapping protocols. Required information includes, but is not limited to a. Type and size of trap used b. Number of traps set per session c. Time the trapline is set and time interval between trap checks d. Provision of shelter from climatic conditions e. A plan to humanely euthanize injured animals f. A description of likely non-target species and a plan to handle these animals g. All of the above 22. Some field methods, although completely legal and humane, may be misunderstood by the public. Therefore, researchers should: a. Be discreet in all activities that may affect the sensibilities of the the public b. Take time to explain field activities to interested or concerned individuals c. If allowed, post explanatory signs d. All of the above 23. The history of mammalogy suggests that common sense, coupled with prudent hygiene can serve to reduce the risk of disease from mammal borne pathogens to acceptable levels. Required actions include a. Washing hands frequently, and washing field clothes and materials that come in contact with mammals or their fluids 4

5 b. Taking precaution to prevent contamination of food and living areas with animal droppings and urine c. Ensuring that all individuals participating in field activities understand how human waste is to be dealt with. d. All of the above 24. When using projectile systems to chemically immobilize an animal, the investigator must a. Understand the basic pharmacology of the drugs being used b. Have received prior training in firearm safety c. Carefully consider the location habitat, and time of the capture operation d. Ensure that the capture team is properly trained and can adequately deal with a human injury or accidental drug exposure 25. Surgical implantation of telemetry devices into free ranging animals requires a. That the surgeon have sufficient training and experience in the procedure b. The use of sterile instruments and gloves c. That the telemetry device be sterile d. That the surgical procedures have been reviewed by a wildlife veterinarian e. Must, according to the animal welfare regulation be reported to animal care, USDA, on the institution s annual report. f. All of the Above h. All but E 5