NGO. From Anti-Trafficking to Social Discipline: The Pastoral Project of Taiwan s Child-Protection NGOs. by Josephine HO

Transcription

1 Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies No. 59, September NGO From Anti-Trafficking to Social Discipline: The Pastoral Project of Taiwan s Child-Protection NGOs by Josephine HO Keywords: human trafficking, child prostitutes, social discipline, global governance, child-protection, NGO, prostitution, sex work, enjo-kosai, pastoral power NGO Ochanomizn Form Anti-Trafficking to Social Discipline: Or, The Changing Role of Women s NGOs in Taiwan Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights, edited by Kamala Kempadoo, Jyoti Sanghera, and Bandana Pattanaik (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2005), Received: January 26, 2005; in revised form: May 11, sexenter@cc.ncu.edu.tw

2 2 NGO 1980 Abstract In the present paper, I trace the historical process of transformation through which the anti-trafficking discourse, understood in the Taiwanese context as the eradication of a specific form of underage aboriginal prostitution in the 1980s, came to articulate different sets of anxieties and interests in Taiwan in its postmartial-law era. I also trace the process of how, as the anti-trafficking cause quickly lost its relevance in the fast changing social reality of Taiwan, the pastoral project of the child-protection NGOs has now reconstituted itself into an intricate web of social discipline that embodies a vision of global governance.

3 3 Hershatter, 1997, 1998: I anti-sex sex negative abstinence 2.Tani Barlow : Barlow Bland, 1995: ; Hershatter, 1997, 1998: 3-12; Rosen, 1982, 1983,

4 4 NGO pastoral global governance

5 Defense for Children International child-abuse.com/childhouse/childrens_rights/dci_crc1.html

6 6 NGO

7 civil society

8 8 NGO

9 org.tw/ngowbs/organization/showorg_axtpg.jsp?lang=cht&showorg=

10 10 NGO II

11 ECPAT NGO

12 12 NGO

13 age politics

14 14 NGO enjo/enjowebinncu/enjowebinncu_index.htm

15 pedagogization surveillance

16 16 NGO

17 No. 17 comunication/soc/17.htm

18 18 NGO

19 19 41 parental/pastoral power 42 NGO Michel Foucault pastoral power The Subject and Power, parental pastoral

20 20 NGO power of the civil society NGO html/view02_04.htm

21 21 NGO III Michel Foucault pastoral power

22 22 NGO OK

23

24 24 NGO tw/newsc/newsc/901214/ html Josephine Ho, From Spice Girls to Enjo Kosai: Formations of Teenage Girls Sexualities in Taiwan, InterAsia Journal of Cultural Studies 4.2 (Aug. 2003): repression/sexwork/types/enjo/enjowebinncu/enjowebinncu_index.htm

25 25 web web web547

26 26 NGO A 100 report1.htm PCHome web547 e 51. Yahoo! : A6

27 web547 web547 MMS Walkowitz Judith 1980: 37 web

28 28 NGO NGO 2003 NGO pdf empower 303 empower 301-

29 IV 1980 sexual politics of age NGO

30 UNICEF ILO-IPEC NGO 57 INTERPOL NGO 57. NGO 2005 NGO NGO tw/html/view01_05.htm

31 31 60 NGO NGO NGO in sync Internet Hotline Providers web547 INHOPE The Association of web INHOPE NGO NGO

32 32 NGO Sexual Violent Predator Act, SVPA Law Megan s 62 global governance UN World Bank WTO NGO MNC WHO A8

33 33 Commission on Global Governance global civic ethic NGO Our Global Neighborhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance, eco-logic, January/February, ( htm) 64. civic

34 34 NGO power multi-centric world symbolic reputational institutions Vayrynen, 1999: 27 norms norms of respectability Iris Marion Young Young, 1990: Vayrynen, 1999: 27 respectability materiality

35 A U24 Under 24 24

36 36 NGO V sex industry anti-sex industry Habermas juridification

37 : governance NGO government gender mainsteaming age politics

38 38 NGO Pamela Chen Break the Chain Campaign Joy Zarembk Break the Chain Campaign Institute for Policy Studies 1960 NGO

39 /SS-C htm : NGO NGO 2002 NGO htm

40 40 NGO : : NGO A A8

41 Barlow, Tani Asia, Gender and Scholarship Under Processes of Re-Regionalization. Journal of Gender Studies, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan, No. 5: Bland, Lucy Banishing the Beast: Sexuality and the Early Feminists. New York: The New Press. Foucault, Michel. 1982, The Subject and Power. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Edited by Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow, 2nd edition. Chicago: U of Chicago P, Habermas, Jurgen The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. Two. Life World and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Boston: Beacon Press. Hershatter, Gail. 1997, Dangerous Pleasure: Prostitution and Modernity in 20th-Century Shanghai. Berkeley: U of California P. Ho, Josephine From Spice Girls to Enjo Kosai: Formations of Teenage Girls Sexualities in Taiwan. InterAsia Journal of Cultural Studies 4.2: Rosen, Ruth. 1982, 1983, The Lost Sisterhood: Prostitution in America, Baltimore & London: Johns Hopkins.

42 42 NGO Vayrynen, Raimo Norms, Compliance, and Enforcement in Global Governance. Globalization and Global Governance. Ed. by Raimo Vayrynen. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc Walkowitz, Judith Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Young, Iris Marion Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.